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Modeling Considerations
March 8, 2016
Challenges
Basic tools
Understanding diagnostics
Contact definition guidelines
Compliance usage and consequences
Initial penetrations
Frictional contact
Simplifications and conditioning
Diagnostics: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Nodes losing contact. 843 nodes including node 47524 with contact force = 7.749E-03
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Diagnostics: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Nodes losing contact. 240 nodes including node 48469 with contact force = 1.571E-02
- Nodes coming into contact. 51 nodes including node 46725 with penetration = 2.513E-06
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...
[snip]
...
Diagnostics: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Nodes losing contact. 2 nodes including node 47345 with contact force = 7.700E-06
- Nodes coming into contact. 1 nodes including node 46745 with penetration = 5.053E-07
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Diagnostics: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Nodes losing contact. 1 nodes including node 46872 with contact force = 9.335E-06
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Diagnostics:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
** SUCCESSFUL CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS **
Symptoms:
- Contactor nodes still changing status between stick and slip
- Big increase in out-of-balance forces at iteration 1
- Ratio of factorized diagonals very high for all iterations in this time step
- Integration points still changing status between elastic and plastic
- Friction nonlinearity
* Increase 'Friction v-Function Parameter (EPST)'
* Apply loads more gradually
Add/increase 'Contact Compliance'
- Plasticity nonlinearity
* Apply loads more gradually, or use smaller time step
* Toggle 'Plasticity Type' algorithm
* Toggle 'Line Search' feature
NOTE: Before making any of the suggested modifications, make sure they are suitable for this model.
Check the program documentation for more details.
Contact
surface 2
Good Selection Poor Selection
Contactor Target
no penetrations surface penetrations surface
Target Contactor
surface surface
The more finely meshed surface
should be the contactor surface.
t t + t
CONTINUOUS-NORMAL=NO CONTINUOUS-NORMAL=YES
It is better to have many nodes in contact with small forces at each contactor node,
than to have few nodes in contact with large forces at each contactor node.
Symptoms:
- Contactor nodes still changing status between contact and gap
- Contact nonlinearity
* Apply loads more gradually
* Add/increase 'Contact Compliance'
* Switch to 'Small Displacement Contact'
For 10- and 11-node tets, and 20-node brick elements, the equivalent nodal
contact area is zero or negative at the corner nodes.
In this case, contact compliance results in less accurate stresses and contact
tractions. COMPLIANCE NOT RECOMMENDED WITH THESE ELEMENTS!
No penetration
Expected
contact
duration
} Penetration
Expected
contact
duration
Expected
contact
duration
Expected
contact
duration
Expected
contact
duration
Expected
contact
duration
Longer
contact
duration
(inaccurate)
The compliance factor must be set by trial & error and is model-dependent
Begin with CFACTOR1=1.0e-5
Check penetrations and energy storage (penetrations CFACTOR1)
Adjust CFACTOR1 accordingly
ADINA can eliminate the penetration at the first step or over a user-specified
interval using the TIMEPENETRATION parameter. This feature is useful if the
initial penetrations are too large to be eliminated in a single time step.
The program can also calculate initial penetrations at the start of solution and
ignore them in future steps (INITIAL-PENETRATION=DISCARDED):
If the initial geometric gap is positive or zero (no penetration): The contact
gap is set equal to the geometric gap.
If the initial geometric gap is negative (penetration): This initial penetration
is recorded and the contact gap is set equal to the geometric gap minus
the initial penetration.
CGROUP TIMEPENETRATION
Second-order
elements on target
(curved segments)
Gaps and penetrations from finite element mesh replaced by a user-specified value.
Useful for shrink-fits and contact involving curved meshes.
NOTE: this will override the gaps and penetrations for all contactor nodes in the group!
Diagnostics:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
** FAILED CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS **
Symptoms:
- Contactor nodes still changing status between contact and gap
- Contactor nodes still changing status between stick and slip
- Contact nonlinearity
* Apply loads more gradually
* Add/increase 'Contact Compliance'
* Switch to 'Small Displacement Contact'
- Friction nonlinearity
* Increase 'Friction v-Function Parameter (EPST)'
* Apply loads more gradually
Add/increase 'Contact Compliance
But what is the best way to select a value for EPST to avoid
numerical difficulties while preserving accuracy?
Diagnostics:
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
** SUCCESSFUL CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS **
say, MAX-ITER=30
then: 15 < NSUPPRESS < MAX-ITER 5
Will permit real incremental contactor node movement and
suppress unwanted oscillations well before MAX-ITER.
Contactor Node
Contactor node
Target
Face1
segment 2
Target
segment 1
Face2