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1-

/there are some fluctuations to this general trend;


Within this general trend, there are some fluctuations, for example
2,
3
4

1. : /()
(1) consist of.., be made up of.., be composed of..,
(2) account for%, represent%, make/take up %.., % of.
(3)(by..to)
a. increase, grow, rise, expand
b. climb, edge up, ascend, trend up.
c. jump, surge, soar, proliferate (), leap, shot up
d. achieve an increase in.byto
Continue its upwards trend; trend up
On the rise, on the increase.
On consecutive rise:
n. increase, rise, growth, expansion,
ascendance ,
slight increase, rise, growth in..
bump-up(), proliferation(),jump, leap, surge, boom
(4)
a. decrease, fall, drop, reduce, shrink, (shrinkage)
b. slide, dwindle, decline, edge down
c. collapse, slump, plummet, plunge
d. slump, collapse, stagnate, stagnant, stagnation,
sluggish, sluggishness, slack,
crisis, recession, slowdown, downturn,
e. fall off, drop off, go down, continue its downward trend, trend down,
on the decline, on the downturn.
(5)
Remain stable,/steady,/unchanged
Level off vi
Subside vi standstill n/adj
(6)
Rise and fall,
fluctuate slightly/dramatically,
fluctuate between.and, a minor fluctuation,
small rises and falls/fluctuations.
(7)
a.

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Dramatically, sharply, considerably, rapidly, suddenly, greatly, alarmingly,
significantly, enormously, steeply, massively, incredibly, hugely, amazingly,
substantially; at an alarming rate; by a wide margin.
b. /
Gradually, steadily, slightly, gently, marginally, slowly, moderately, in a moderate
way, by the least amount.
(8)

a. () double, triple, quadruple'kwdrupl


b. adv.adj fivefold, sixfold, sevenfold.
c. ad. twice, three/four/five times.
e. 2/3 two-thirds, etc. (at a fraction of)
(9) asas
a. three/four times as many.
Eg. approx.20% more people preferred the diet cherry version and nearly
three times as many preferred the diet strawberry version.
b.A + be + XX times + as +adj + as + B
eg. This tree is three times as tall as that one.
Eg. His father is twice as old as he.
c.A + be + XXtimes + + than + B
eg. The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.
=The Yangtze River is almost three times as long as Pearl River.
Eg. The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.
d. .A + be + + the + + of + B
eg. The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.

e.The + + of + A + be + + that + of + B
eg. The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous
one.
(10) ; in view of the turnover., In terms of growth,

2.
1 :over the period XXX to XXX, over the years XXX to XXX, from
XX to xx; over/during the past XX years; in the last XX years( X ) over
the last 15 to 20 years. in the next XX years, during a XX-year/month/week
period, throughout.., all the way through, for the year..XXX.
(2) during the same period, over the period in question, over/during
the period studied, for the rest of the periods studied, in the two subsequent
periods, in the following period, all the way through,
(3) / it is the second/third/fourth consecutive
quarter/year/month/week that XXX has fallen
(4) : until, by the year XXX, since, from the year XXX, up to now, at a
given moment, over the period ended on xx/ended in XX
(5)during the 1980s; during the 70s and 80s.,

2
3. this graph/report describes/outlines/shows/compare with/suggests,
4.
(1)If we look at the growth in, we can see there is a steady increase in XX
from.. to/a rise in XX of XXX
(2)from the graph, we can see there is./ if we taking the XX first, we can see
that there is
(3)XX was on consecutive growth on the whole over the period in question
(except )
(4)XX shows a relatively steady/upward/downward trend in the last XX years.
(5)XX shows a trajectory of growth/fall.
(6)xx, on the other hand, shows a different trend.
(7)XXX has been growing consistently with XX in the past XX years.
(8)XXX witnessed/saw some rise and fall/fluctuations over the period
(9)during the same period, XX also rose, but fluctuated greatly.
(10)XX didnt vary much and remained just over/below xx Or between..and..
(11)XX shows the same performance/trend although at level 4bn higher than
imports.
5.
(1).., there is a rise in XX of XX/by xx%/from..to
(2)The figure shows a rise of XX within the whole period and no fluctuations are
to be remarked.
(3)XX rose fromto, suffering minor fluctuations all the way through.
(4)XX increased slightly/rose steadily. etc , ending the period around XX over
their starting level.
6. /
(1) XXX with the biggest increase/decrease coming betweenand,
(2) It went up to the (7-year etc.) peak at.in. /
(3) The XXX peaked at.. in./reached/hit a peak in ./peaking at
(4) The XX rose to the highest, climbed to a seven-month high, (price
etc.)advanced to a record $1000 on.,
(5)the XX rose/surge/climb to XXX, the highest since.
(6) shot-up, surge, rocket, upsurge, uplift, proliferation soar, boom
slump, plunge, plummet(vi), nose-dive vi
5.
(1)starting off at./from, sales will increase to.. during, and remain stable at
during, only to decrease to during.
(2)During XXX, it started around XX in the first quarter
6. /
(1)Profits will shop up dramatically to 2,000 in 2004, from which it will go up
steadily from year to year
(2)It will go down to the lowest at in where it will begin to pick up/rebound/
(3)From 1985 to 1997, XXX were between XX and XXX.
(4)After the XX increased/decreased significantly.
(5)the xxx rose up steadily until.

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(6)however, there are some fluctuations to this general/within this general
trend, for example.
7. fluctuations
(1)from/starting off at, XXX increased to.. during.. and remain stable at..
during.., only to decrease to.. during
(2)XXX increased/soared from xx to XXX in followed by a sharp drop toin
(3)soar again, fall back to, drop back toand then maintained this position
throughout .
(4)it started around XX in xx, increased slowly to XX in.., and then fell to XXat
the end of the year.
(5)It stayed stable at around XX during xxx and xxx, then decreased to XXX
in,before recovering at/to XXX at the end of
8.
(1) 1;
(2)one/a fifth of, 8 out of 10, at a fraction of
(3)consist of, be made up of, be composed of
(4) account for.., represent, take up..,
(5)compared to, in comparison with, relative to, the ratio is.
Eg. Female executives dominate in the age group between 24 and 39, where the
ratio is 42 to 10. (The first representing the number of women and latter,
men ).
Eg. It decreases half in group 60 to 69 where 10 women hold top position in
comparison to/with 21 men.
Eg. The graphs shows the number of cars per 100 people over the period 1980
to 2020 relative to the growth of the worlds population.
9.
(1)spread(), margin, split, difference,
/xxx remained positive/negative
(2)a. XXX dominate in the XX group/amongst.
b. In the age range above, XXX are in /sliding / majority.
(3): a. XXX exceeded/outstrippedXXX but not by the same margin,
b. XXX exceeded XX by XX percent, outnumber xxx by XXX.
c. exceed XX-level. With the earnings exceeding XXX.
(4) a. an equal number of bothand
b. XXX take an equal proportion in .
(5) followed by
Eg. 44% of our sales income came from US, followed by Europe(26%), and south
America(19%)
(6) ranked No.1/2; The second /third largest; be in the
first/second/third place.
10. ; be likely to/is expected to./is supposed to/is estimated
to../is projected to/will/will be
11.
(1)XXX received XX positive responses and XX negative responses..

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(2) XX people gave a positive response/comment on..
(3)Asked about., XX people responded positively/negatively whereas XX people
say sth negative about it.
(4) XX of xx respondents complained about.while XX though it
positively, /thought it to be satisfactory
12. Distribution
(1) xx%, more than half XX, XX out of XX
(2) the respondents are almost equally divided between XXX and XX(different
stances)
(3)XX and xxx take a similar proportion in XX group/range
13. data and compare
(1)The company employs almost an equal number of executives of both sexes.
However, there are remarkable differences depending on the age range
considered.
(2)The overall result of this international survey on planned IT expenditure for the
next year shows significant differences between Europe and Aisa.
(3)The situation in XX, however, is quite different.
(4)however, the XX vary greatly on the XX

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I Data and Change
1.
item


sudden growth, abrupt drop, drastic shrinkage,
proliferation etc.
turning point

Samples
1. Bar Chart,

Report on Sales Forecast for next year


Introduction
This report sets out to outline and compare the sales forecasts for fridges, TVs,
and cookers of Toller Electrical Ltd for next year.
Findings
The unit sales of fridges is/ARE expected to stay/remain steadily at 5,000
throughout the four quarters of next year.
The sales of TVs, on the other hand, will be on consecutive rise, starting off at
5,000 in during the first quarter, jumping to 15,000 during the
second and third quarter, and ending up with 20,000 in the fourth quarter.
The sales of cookers, however, is sales
arelikely to fluctuate a bit next year. The unit sales will reach 5000 in the first
quarter, and rise sharply/significantly to 10,000 in the second and third quarter,
then decline to 5,000 again in the fourth quarter.
Conclusion
The TV is expected to be the best seller of Toller Electrical Ltd next year.

Report on Sales Forecasts for Toller Electrical Ltd


The aim of this report is to compare the sales forecasts for three product areas
for next year.
Unit sales of fridges are likely to remain at 5,000 during all four quarters of next
year.
TV sales, on the other hand, will significantly increase during the second quarter
from 10,000 to 15,000. Unit sales will remain at 15,000 during the third quarter
and soar once again to 20,000 during the fourth quarter.
Unit sales of cookers, however, are likely to fluctuate, starting off at 5,000, sales
will increase to 10,000 during the second and third quarter of next year, only to
decrease to 5,000 unit sales during the fourth quarter.
It was concluded that TVs will be Toller Electrical Ltds strongest product area in
the following year.

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NOTE;

2. ---
changes in production and prices.
Report On Wheat Production and Prices
This report summarizes the changes in production and prices over a ten-year period
from 1990 to 2000.
From the chart we can see there was a steady growth in wheat production over the
given period. Starting off at around 0.8 million tones in 1990, the yearly output rose
to almost 1.5 million tones five years later, and exceeded 2-million-tonne level in
2000.
The average price of wheat, on the other hand, fluctuated a bit over the same
period. From around 1300 per tone in 1990, it shot up quickly in 1995, peaking at
around 3000 per tone. However it dropped back to around 2000 per tone in 2000.
To conclude, it shows that the total output of wheat is not the sole factor deciding
the trend of price.

3. ---

Report; XX train operator
This report summarizes the changes that took place in reliability, punctuality and
the number of complaints received during a 12-week period, which was divided
further into three sub-periods.
From the graph we can see about 97% of the timetabled trains were running during
the first four weeks. The percentage rose to 100% from the fifth week onwards
and remained stable for the rest of the periods studied.
Conversely, the punctuality percentage was declining consecutively over the given
period. From 95% at the outset, it edged down in the two subsequent periods and
hit the lowest at around 90% in the last three weeks.
The number of complaints per 100,000 passenger journeys remained stable at 200
in the first four weeks and even dropped slightly in the following period, probably
owing to the rise of reliability. However, during the last 4 weeks, it went up again to
an all time high at around 225.
To conclude, it is clear the punctuality has significant influence on the number of
complaints received.

NOTE;
For the rest of the periods studied/in question
In the two subsequent periods
In the following period.

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4. ---
revenue peak: 2n of 2006, on-time 2-3 quarters
Report on passenger revenue and on-time rate of trains of Cruiseline
This graph describes changes of the passenger revenue and the on-time percentage
of trains of Cuiseline over the period 2005 to 2006.
From the graph we can see the on-time percentage of trains remained relatively
stale between 85% and 90% before the second quarter of 2006. Over the same
period, the passenger revenue was on consecutive rise on the whole except a slight
drop in the last quarter of 2005. Starting off at about 280 m, it climbed to a peak
at 330 million by the second quarter of 2006.
However, as the on-time rate nose-dived precipitately to around 70% in the third
quarter in 2006, the revenue dropped consistently from 330 m to 65 m, the largest
decrease over the period in question. Although the punctuality rate rebounded
gradually to 75% later, the revenue still kept declining and reached its two-year
lowest at 65 m at the end of 2006.
It is concluded that the punctuality of trains has a significant effect on the
passenger revenue.

Band 4 sample
Report: Cruseline train company

The graph shows the passenger revenue and the percentage of trains arriving on
time during the years 2005 and 2006 of Cruseline train company.
Regarding the passenger revenue, during 2005 it started around 280 million in the
first quarter, increased slowly to 300 million in the 3rd quarter and then fell to
around 290 million at the end of the year. In 2006, the revenue increased steadily
to 330 during the 2nd quarter followed by a sharp fall to around 225 at the end of
2006.
The percentage of trains arriving on time stayed stable at around 88% during the 1 st
and 2nd quarter in 2005, then decreased to 85% in the 3rd quarter before recovering
at round 87% at the end of 2005. Till the 2nd quarter in 2006 the percentage
decreased steadily to 85% before falling rapidly to 68% and recovering to 75% at
the end of 2006.

5. -bar chart and line chart---


Main pointrelationship of supply and demand
year demand, and stock
Report On supply and demand for palm oil over the period 1985 to 2006.
This graph compares the amount of palm oil held in world stock over the years 1985
to 2006 with the demand.
From the graph we can see the total demand for palm oil was on consecutive rise on
the whole over the period in question except a marginal fall during 98/99. Starting
from 7.5 million tons in 1985, it grew significantly to 33 million tons during 05/06
period.

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The ending stocks, on the other hand, witnessed a number of fluctuations over the
past twenty years when the supply outstripped the demand at all times with the
largest margin coming between 2000 to 2001 at 3,000 tons. Then the difference
kept decreasing year by year until the supply and demand growth curve finally
overlapped from 2003.
It can be concluded that the palm oil supply outstripped the supply throughout the
period in question but showed a tendency to grow consistently with each other after
some rise and fall in between. .
NOTE: ending stock,
ending stock supply 00/01
03

NOTE ending stock8599 ending


stock 1700 99 01/01
demand

6. bar chart and line chart


introduction
The graph shows that the number of cars per 100 people over the period 1980 to
2020, relative to// the growth of the worlds population.
Growth in population
If we look at the growth in population, we can see there is a steady increase from
4.2 billion people n 1980 to 7.7 billion in 2020, with the most significant increase
coming between 2000 to 2020. //

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Number of vehicles per 100 people
The number of vehicles per 100 people follows a similar trend, rising steadily over
the same period. From ten cars per 100 people in 1980, it is projected to increase
to sixteen in 2020. //
Conclusion
The dramatic consequence of these two developments when combined is that the
total number of vehicles almost doubles in 40 years, a fact which is certain to have
implications for energy resources and pollution in the future.

7.

NOTE:
1. there was a steady rise in global temperature of 0.8 Degree F over
2. with this general trend, there were many fluctuations. For example,
between and, /there were some variations to this general trend.
3. from 1950 to 1990 ()/level off after 1970()

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8.
Band 4 Sample
This report describes the movements of the balance of trade between 1991 and
2001, for a particular country, concerning manufacturing and agriculture.
Manufacturing:
Imports increased constantly during the period studied. The figure shows a rise
of 4 billion within the whole period and no fluctuations are to be remarked.
Exports rose from nearly 3 billion in 1991 to approx. $7bn in 2001, suffering minor
fluctuations all the way through.
In general, the balance of trade remained slightly positive through the period
considered.
Agriculture
Imports increased slightly, ending the period around $1bn over their starting
level. They suffered a temporary fall between 1992 and
1994, followed by a steady recovery. After peaking at around 2.5 bn in 1999,
imports fell slightly to their final value.
Exports figure shows the same performance although at level 4bn higher than
imports. N
Consequently, the balance of trend remained markedly positive throughout the
period.
NOTE:

movement
-
Mimport, export, balance
A. import, export, balance // Conclude.

9.
Report on Imparts of Industry and Forestry for an European Country
This report describes the general situation in imports of industry and forestry for
an European country in the two years 2007 and 2010.
Industry
Imports of industry did not vary much in 2007, fluctuating between 29 and 31
million tons throughout the four quarters while in 2010, they saw a consecutive rise
from 30 million tons in the first quarter to 80 million tons at the end of the year.
Forestry
By comparison, imports of forestry were much higher than that of industry during
the both of the two years. In 2007, there was a steady rise in forestry imports
from 50 million tons to 70 million tons with a slight fall in the second quarter. In
2010, the imports were even higher. Starting at around 70 million tons, they hit a
peak at 80 million tons in the second quarter, followed by a steady fall to 60 million
tons for the rest of the year.
In conclusion, imports of both the two have increased significantly during 2007 to

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2010.

2007
Imports of industry did not vary much in 2007, fluctuating between 29 to 31 million
tons. Over the same year, imports of forestry were much higher, rising from 50
million tons to 70 million tons with a slight fall in the second quarter.
2010
In 2010, imports of both the two rose significantly. Industry saw a consecutive rise
in imports from 30 million tons in the first quarter to 80 million tons at the end of
2010. Imports of forestry, on the other hand, saw some ups and downs. Starting at
70 million tons, they rose to a peak at 80 million tons in the second quarter followed
by a steady fall to 60 million tons for the rest of the year.

10.
Report on purchase quantities of Rice
This table chart shows the purchase quantities of rice for each quarter of 2009 and
2010 of an European company.
The purchase quantities of rice in 2009 showed a trend of steady rise. Starting off
at 100 million tons, they grew steadily for the three subsequent quarters, hitting a
yearly peak at 130 million tons at the end of the year.
In 2010, the purchase quantities continued the upward trend, peaking at 160 million
tons in the second quarter. In spite of a slight decline to 150 million tons in the
third quarter, they regained the momentum quickly and soared again to 160 million
tons at the end of the year.
The findings above indicate that the company is advancing during the given period.

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II. Data and Compare
1. Data and Compare compare,

2. splitdifference, ratio, proportion

3. //

1.

i. Report On Performance of XX Company


This report describes the performance of XX company over the period 2001-2003
by analyzing the turnover, unit sales and operating profit.
From the graph we can see there was a consecutive decrease in operating profit
over the period studied. Starting off at 500 million in 2001, it plummeted by 20% to
400 in the following year, and then kept declining to around 350 million in 2003.
The turnover, on the other hand, remained relatively stable between 6100-6200
million during the same period. From 6200 million, it decreased slightly to 6100 in
2002, and recovered to 6200 again in 2003.
The unit sales showed a similar trend as turnover in the three years. In 2001, 10
million units were sold while in the following year, this number went down slightly to
around 8.5. To our delight, it soared to a record high of 11 million in 2003,
From these figures we can see, there was a buoyant demand for the companys
product from 2001 to 2003. However, the operating profit failed to grow
consistently. Therefore, I recommend the company cut down on its costs to improve
the profitability.
NOTE:

ii. bar + line : Main task; describe changes

Report On Stock and Earnings of XX Plc


This graph describes the changes in the stock value and earnings of XX plc. over the
year 2009 to 2010.
2009
Taking the stock first, we can see there was a steady rise from 55million to
80million during the year 2009 with the largest increase coming between the 2 nd and
the 3rd quarter./ / Over the same period, the earnings of the
company fluctuated greatly. Starting around 20 million in the first quarter, they
rocketed to 90 million in the third quarter followed by a sharp fall to the starting
level at the end of the year. //
2010
The stock performed very steadily in 2010, staying around 80 million throughout the
year. The total profits were slightly higher than that of 2009. However, the
quarterly profits showed a much steadier trend, remaining stable around 40 million

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within the whole period. ///
The trend of stock and earnings shows that the company was running well during the
given period.

The graph shows the trend of the stock and earnings of an European company for
each quarter of the two year period, 2009 to 2010.
Earnings:
In 2009, the company had a low start with a earning of just 20 million in the first
quarter. However, the figure rose steadily in the second quarter and shot up to a
two-year peak at 90 million in the third. In the fourth quarter, it fell back again to
its starting level. By comparison, the company achieved a slightly higher total profit
in 2010 with the quarterly earnings staying stable between 40 and 50 million
throughout the year.
Stock
The stock followed a similar trend to earnings. Starting at around 55million in the
first quarter in 2009, the figure rose steadily, peaking at around 85 million at the
end of the year. Then it dropped slightly to around 80 million at the beginning of
2010, and maintained this position for the rest the period.
The trend of stock and earnings indicated that the company is running well over the
given period.

iii. Report on earnings of PLC during 2009 to 2010


This chart shows the general changes in the earnings of XX plc over the years 2009
to 2010.
From the graph we can see the company did not have a very good start in 2009, with
a earning of only 35 million dollars for the first quarter. Although the profits rose
to a peak at 40 million dollars in the second quarter, they dropped back to the
starting level again after two consecutive declining quarters.
By comparison, 2010 was a fantastic year with both much higher quarterly earnings
and constant profit growth throughout the year. In the first quarter, the company
achieved a profit of 40 million dollars, rising 11% year on year. Then the figure
rose steadily in the following quarters, reaching a record of 60 million dollars at the
end of the year.
From the changes of earnings of the two years, we can see the company is advancing
during the given period.

iv.
Report on changes in percentage of sales made by retailers in Britain
This report summarizes the changes in percentage of sales made by retailers in
Britain between 1996 and 2001 by analyzing the data of a typical week.
The week in 1996.
From the graph we can see there was a steady rise in the daily sales of retailers
from Monday to Friday, with the percentages growing from around 8% to a peak at
25%. Then the percentage declined slightly on Saturday before plummeting to a low

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below 5% at the end of the week.
The week in 2001
The percentage in 2001 showed a similar trend, although at a level 1% to 3% lower
compared to 1996. However, Monday and Sunday were exceptions to this general
trend, with the percentages exceeding that of 1996 by about 3% in the two days.
From the data we can conclude that the percentage of sales made by retailers did
not fluctuate much between 1996 and 2001.

2. //
i. Line chart:

Report On Profits of two sea subsidiaries in 2008 and 2010
The line charts shows the trends of profits of two sea food subsidiaries in Europe
and Australia in 2008 and 2010.
2008
The Australian subsidiary did not have a very good start in 2008 with the first-
quarter profit being slightly above 30 million. Although the figure rose gradually to
around 38 million in the 2 nd quarter, it declined steadily to the starting level in the
two subsequent quarters. Over the same period, the European subsidiary
performed much better, with the profits staying stable above 45 million throughout
the year. /trend, // trend/
2010 2010
The profits of Australian subsidiary in 2010 was similar to that of 2008, but
fluctuated greatly. The first two quarters were quite unfruitful, with the
quarterly profits standing at only 20 million. However, in the third quarter, they
rocketed to a record around 85 million before falling back to 20 million again in the
fourth quarter. By contrast, the profits of European subsidiary did not vary much.
They showed the same performance as that of 2009, but at level 15 billion
lower. / trend// /
In conclusion, the European subsidiary is a little vibrating while the Australian more
stable.
vibrate [vibrate || va'bret] v. , , ; , ,
NOTE:
1.
2. it experienced a rise in the second, then a decline to about 33 at the end of
the year,[ ]

ii. bar chart


i. Report On Performance of Product A. B, C during 2009 to 2010
2009
Of the three products, A, B, and C, earnings of A had a steady growth in the first
three quarters and a sharp rise to 60 million in the fourth quarter. Product B, on the
other hand, achieved a similar total profit but performed much more steadily with
the quarterly earnings ranging from 30 million to 35 million. By comparison,

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product C was the most profitable with the earning staying above 40million
throughout the four quarters.
2010
In 2010, product A had an excellent start but the profits fell gradually for the
rest of the year. Over the same period, earnings of product B fluctuated greatly.
They plummeted to 10 billion in the second quarter, recovered to 30 million in the
third quarter, but dropped back to 20 billion at the end of the year. Profits of
Product C still showed a very steady trend this year, but at level 20 billion lower
than 2009.

To conclude, yearly profit of product A increased over the given period while profits
from product B and C decreased greatly.

iii. bar chart outlets

Report on turnover for three types of outlets of XX company.


The graphs shows the turnover for three types of outlets of XX company over a
three-year period from 2000 to 2002.
The supermarkets was in a position of unrivaled dominance in terms of both turnover
and growth. Starting off at around 65 million in 2000, the turnover was increasing
consecutively in the following two years, and peaked at 80 million in 2002, which was
also the a sales record of all the three types.
The small shops, however, proved the most unprofitable over the same period. From
30 million, its turnover dropped significantly to 20 million in 2001 and rebounded a
bit to 25 million in 2002.
The turnover of department stores took the middle place of the three. Remaining
relatively satisfactory at 50 million in 2001, it witnessed a sharp fall to 35 million in
2001 and maintained this position throughout 2002.
To conclude, it is clear that the supermarkets is the most profitable outlet of XX
company during the period studied.

iv. bar chart


compare the contributions of the three products to turnover in the three
years.

Report On the Contributions of Three Products of XX Company


This report sets out to compare the contributions of the three products---washing
machine, cookers and heaters of XX company over the years 2000 to 2002.
Washing machines
Wash machines, the most profitable product of the three, contributed 30% to the
companys turnover in 2000. The percentage rose constantly in the following two
years, peaking at 34% in 2002.
Cookers

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Turnover from cookers took the second place throughout the three years. The
percentage contributed by cookers remained relatively stable at 22% over the given
period except a slight fall to 20% in 2001.
Heaters
In contrast to washing machines, heaters contributed least. It was also the only
product area whose turnover was on consecutive decline over the period in question.
In 2000, the turnover from heaters only accounted 16% of the companys total
revenue. The figure declined slightly to 14% in 2001 but plummeted by 50% in 2002
to around 7%.
To conclude, the washing machines are the strongest product of XX company and
heaters the weakest.
NOTE:
Band 5 Sample
The chart shows how much of the turnover of a certain company was contributed by
each of its three main product areas over the years 2000 to 2002.
Generally speaking, washing machines are the strongest and heaters the weakest of
the three products. This basic difference between the two became even more
pronounced in this three year period with the contribution of washing machines to
the companys turnover rising from 30% in 2000 to 24% in 2002, while the share
which the heaters contributed dropped from sixteen percent in 2000 to seven
percent in 2002. The contribution of the third productcookersremained
relatively steady during this period. It dropped slightly from 22% to 20% in 2001,
but recovered again in 2002.

V
Report On Changes in Profit or loss made on three new products
This report outlines the changes that occurred in the profit or loss made on the
products A,B and C over a ten-month period from Feb, 2000 and the end of the
year.
Profits from Product A grew steadily to around 7500 from Feb to Aug. Then they
declined slightly to 7000 in Oct and plummeted to 3000 at the end of the year.
The profits of product B rose consecutively, peaking at 6000 at the end of the
period. The largest increase came between Jun and Aug, where the profits doubled
from 2000 to 4000.
In contrast, Product C did not generate any profit over the same period with the
profits staying relatively stable at 0 on the whole. Although it achieved a profit of
1000 during Jun and Aug, the earning was offset quickly by an equivalent loss in the
next two months.
Consequently, we can conclude that the product B was the most stable product
whereas the product C is the weakest.

vi. Bar char + Pie chart


/
trends of profit and number of employees in each factory.

17

Band 5 sample
This report outlines the development of profits in three plants, in London, Leeds and
Bristol, in 2003 and describes the staffing situation in each plant.
Bristol, the companys largest factory, employed 600 people and reached profits
of 12 million in the first quarter of 2003. The profits declined steadily, dropping to
9 million in the last quarter.
The factory in Leeds had a workforce of 350 people. This made it the company s
second largest plant. Profits remained almost unchanged at 8 million. In the third
quarter, however, they reached a low at 7.5 million.
The London factorys workforce comprised 150 people. Profits did not vary much
and remained just over 3 million. Nevertheless, they peaked in the second quarter
with earning exceeding 4 million level. 4
Words:
Plant
staffing situation
reach profits of XX
reach a low at
with a workforce of XX people, the workforce comprised XX people.
NOTE:

profit eg profits did not vary much. 4


profit they

vii. Line Chart split


Report On Average Sales of Summer and Winter Clothing
The report compares the average sales volumes of clothing in summer and winter.
2. From the chart we can see average sales volumes of both the two seasons
experienced sharp rise and fall over the five-year period. However, the split
between the two varied a lot in different periods. / split/
Sales volume of summer clothing started at around 30,000 in 2005, 15,000 lower
than that of winner clothing. // However, the split narrowed gradually during
2005 to 2006 until the two figures overlapped at 35,000. / 1-/
By the beginning of 2006, the sales volume of summer clothing reached a peak at
40,000 pieces, outnumbering the winners by more than 15,000./ 2
/
Then the sales volumes of the two went increasingly closer before overlapping
again at 35,000 in the first half of 2007 / 3 2/.
For the rest of the period, sales volumes of both of the two seasons stayed stable
between 30 and 35, with the winter clothing exceeding the summer all the time
by a steadily rising margin. / 4 level off/
In conclusion, the clothing sales of the two seasons fluctuated greatly during 2005

18
to 2006, but showed a tendency to stabilize after 2007. /
/
NOTE:
(1)XXX started at around XX , XX lower/higher/more than
(2) the xx reached a peak at , outnumbering/exceeding the XX
byXX.
(3)The XX stayed stable between xx and xx, with A exceeding B all
the time by a steadily rising margin.
(4)split, difference, margin, gap
(5)/narrow, ever-enlarging(), decrease, increase.
split
2. summarize changes
Of the sales of clothing in two seasons, the summer clothing had a rise and went
down slowly while the winter one had a sharp decline and then rose gradually.

Summer clothing
Starting at around 30,000 pieces at the beginning of 2005, sales volume of summer
clothing went up steadily throughout the year, peaking at 40,000 pieces in 2006.
Then the figure started to decline consecutively, dropping back to its starting level
at 30,000 in 2010.
Winner clothing
Winner clothing achieved an excellent sales volumes of 45,000 pieces at the
beginning of 2005. However, the figure slid sharply then, reaching the lowest at
around 23,000 in 2006. Then it rebounded and rose to 30,000 during the first half
of 2007 and maintained this upward trend for the rest of the period.
In conclusion.

19
III. Distribution
report pie chart--

1.
Report on Distribution of male and female managers in different age groups
The report analyses the numbers of male and female managers in different age
groups in Star World. The company employs almost an equal number of executives
of both sexes. However, there are remarkable differences depending on the
age range considered.
Female executives dominate in the age group between 24 and 39, where the ratio
is 42 to just 10, the first representing the number of women and the latter, men.
Nevertheless, in the age range above 40, male executives are in majority.
Although in group 40 to 49 the split is slight [29 male executives to 28 female],
amongst older managers men starkly dominate. The difference reaches 20 in range
50 to 59, with 39 male directors and 19 female directors. It decreases half in
group 60 to 69, where 10 women hold top position in comparison to 21 men. Yet in
the last age group, 70 to 79, female executives are absent. It solely consists of 4
male managers.
NOTE;
1 male female dominate difference between the two
numbers

2. executives managers, hold the top position, in the


upper echelon, reach the top management level Female male women
men
3.
4. finding where the ratio is
although the split is slight in, the difference reaches in , it
decreases half in. Yet in. XXX is absent,

2.
Report on Grains export in Europe and North America
This report aims to show the differences in exports of wheat, corn and soy between
Europe and America
Firstly, wheat exports in Europe take up the largest proportion of the three grains,
accounting for 60% of the total grain exports. This percentage is twice as much as
that in America where the wheat exports represent only 30%.
Moreover, corn exports of the two continents are quite different, taking up 20% of
the grain exports in Europe compared to 60% in America.
By comparison, the split of soy exports between the two regions is much smaller as
in Europe soy contributes 20% to the total grain exports while in America, it
contributes 10%.
In conclusion, we can see clearly that Europe exports more wheat while North

20
America is famous for corn exports.
split.
higher, lower, more, less, different, similar, split is large/small
as, in that

3. survey
compare the differences
Report On IT Expenditure Planning
This report sets out to describe the different opinions on the IT expenditure
budget planning for the next year in companies in Europe and South-East Asia.
European Companies
When asked about the IT expenditure, 35% of the respondents plumped for
increasing the budget whereas 30% recommended cutting down on it. The remaining
35%, however, thought there was no need to alter the current spending on
information technology. It can be seen that the three different opinions accounted
for a similar proportion in this group.
South-Asian Companies
In contrast to Europe, number of companies advocating getting the IT expenditure
down were in sliding majority, taking up 59% of the total respondents.
Conversely, only 16% of the respondents suggested increasing the budget, much
lower than the percentage in Europe, while 25% thought that it should maintain the
current position.
NOTE: compare the difference

Band 5 Sample ,
Report: IT expenditure in Europe vs Asia
The overall result of this international survey on planned IT expenditure for the
next year shows significant differences between Europe and Asia ( ).
According to the survey results, European companies are almost equally divided
between increasing their IT spending, keeping it at this years level or decreasing it.
The situation in Asia is quite different.
Almost 60% of the surveyed Asian companies plan to increase their IT expenditure
next year, compared to just over a third in Europe. / 1 increase
Moreover, Asian companies seem less keen on cutting IT spending, as
only 16% are planning to decrease it, compared to 30% in Europe. /
2decrease
Finally, the percentage of companies who are planning to keep IT expenditure at the
same level is also lower in Asia, although not to the same extent. / 3maintain

Europe --- Asia


higher than, lower than..,
Firstly, increase 60% compared to just over a third
Moreover, less keen on cutting IT spending. 16%compared to 30%

21
Finally, Keep it at the same level is also lower, although not to the same extent.

4. survey----
Report on Results of a Survey
This report sets out to present the results of a survey carried out recently among
the directors or senior managers of small and medium-sized business.
1. Weekly working hours
The result of the survey shows that 227 managers work 40-50 hours a week on
average, accounting for almost half of the total respondents. The number of people
working more than 50 hours is similar to that in 40-50 range, with 161 managers
working 50-60 hours a week while 82 working even more than 60 hours. By contrast,
only 52 respondents work less than 40 hours a week, taking the smallest proportion
of the four ranges.
2. Number of staff grown or not
According to the survey, 328 of the surveyed directors reported an increased
workforce compared to 194 whose staff number hasnt grown.
3. Communication technology investments
Asked about their investments in communication technology, only 135 respondents
didnt increase the spending while over twice as many have invested more.
--------------------

Below are the results of a survey carried out recently among the directors or senior
managers of small and medium-sized businesses.
1. how many hours do you work a week;
Less than 40; 52
40-50 hours; 227
50-60 hours; 161
Above 60; 82
2. has your number of staff grown/
328; yes, 194; no
3. have you increased your investment in communication technology
387 yes, 135 no.

5. survey---
-

Report on Market Survey about Service Provision of XX Centre


This report describes the distribution of positive and negative responses about
service provision of XX centre given by 1250 respondents in a market survey
The graph shows that 700 out of the 1250 respondents gave positive comments on
the parking facilities whereas 550 customers responded negatively.
The ticket cost, on the other hand, was the area where the complaints mainly
concentrated. The negative comments reached a record level of 900, almost three

22
times as many as the positive which was only 350.
Booking service received a similar number of both good and bad comments with the
positive outnumbering the negative by only 50.
The attitude of staff was the most satisfactory area by far with the highest
customer satisfaction rate of 75% as well as the fewest negative responses of 300.
To conclude, it is clear that the ticket cost should be reduced to a more competitive
level. /Conclude /

Band 4 Sample
This bar chart shows the number of positive and negative responses given by
customers in a market survey about services at a leisure centre.
Asked about the parking facilities at the leisure centre, 700 out of 1250
respondents responded positively, whereas 550 said something negative about it.
Looking at the ticket cost, there were almost three times as many people responding
negatively than positively.
The booking service was equally evaluated. For this service, the survey counted 650
positive and 600 negative responses.
In contrast to the ticket costs, the attitude of staff was evaluated very positively.
Only a fourth of the 1250 respondents complained about the attitude of staff while
the remaining 950 people thought positively about the staff at the leisure centre.
Summarizing the results of this survey you can say that there is need for
improvement in the fields of ticket costs, booking service and parking.
NOTE
1.
2.
XXX received XX positive responses and XX negative responses..

XX people gave a positive response/comment on..
Asked about., XX people responded positively/negatively whereas XX people
say sth negative.
XX of xx respondents complained about.while XX though it positively,
thought it to be satisfactory.
3. cohesion language: by contrast, in contrast to, conversely,
While, whereas,

6. Survey----
Report On the satisfaction rates of two leaders.
The overall result of the survey on employees impressions shows significant
differences between the two leaders.
Asked about leader As performance, 97% of the respondents gave positive
comments and among these are 30% thinking him to be very satisfied. By contrast,
the satisfaction rate of leader B is much lower, with only 40% responding positively
and 18% rating him as very satisfied.
Moreover, leader A also received much fewer negative responses. Only 3% of

23
surveyed employees said something negative about him compared to 42% about
leader B.
Looking at the percentage of employees satisfaction, we can conclude that leader A
is more respected among employees than leader B.

7. Survey---
Report on Changes in number of complaints
Introduction
This report summarizes the changes in the number of complaints concerning four
types of products and services of XX company in the years 1996 and 2001.
Findings
1. The package holiday received around 15 complaints in 1996, the fewest of the
four. However, it was the sector where the number of complaints increased
fastest, up 12.7% from 1996 to 2001. Over the same period, numbers of
complaints about financial services also went up, but at a lower rate of 9.2%.
2. The second-hand cars were the most frequently complained sector, receiving
about 80 negative comments in 1996 wihle 85 in 2001, up 6.7% during the five
years.
3. By comparison, clothing performed relatively satisfactorily, with the number of
complaints staying constantly under 50 during the given period. Moreover, it was
also the only sector whose number of complaints declined in 2001, although by a
slight 4%.
Conclusion and Recommendation
To conclude, the number of complaints generally showed an upward trend between
1996 and 2001, which indicates the company must improve the customer satisfaction
level, especially in the second-car sector.

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