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Types of Layout
1. Office Layout
grouping of workers, their equipment, and spaces/offices to provide for
comfort, safety, and movement of information.
2. Retail Layout
an approach that addresses flow, allocates space, and responds to customers
behavior.
3. Warehouse Layout
a design that attempts to minimize total cost by addressing trade-offs
between space and material handling
Objective: to find the optimum trade-off between handling cost and costs
associated with warehouse space
Material handling cost - the costs related to transaction such as incoming
transport, storage, outgoing transport of the materials to be warehoused.
ASRSs (Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems)
- is an automated procedure in the modern warehouse management.
Example: The Stop & Shop grocery chain with 350 supermarkets in
New England.
4. Fixed-position Layout
a system that addresses the layout requirements of stationary projects.
brings all the workers and materials to the projects site.
Example: Ship, a highway, operating table in a hospital operating room
5. Process-Oriented Layout
a layout that deals with low-volume, high-variety production in which like
machines and equipment are grouped together.
Material handling costs refers to the (1) number of loads to be moved between
two departments during some period of time (2) the distance-related costs of
moving loads between departments.
Objectives Examples
Project (fixed position) Move materials to the limited Ingalii Ship Building Corp.
Storage areas around the site Trump Plaza
Pittsburgh Airport
Job Shop (process Manage varied material flow Arnold Palmer Hospital
Oriented) for each product Hard Rock Cafe
Olive Garden
6. Work-cell Layout
an arrangement of machines and personnel that focuses on making a single
product or family of related products.
7. Product-oriented Layout
Organized around products or families of similar high-volume, low-variety
products.
Assumptions:
1. Volume is adequate for high equipment utilization
2. Product demand is stable enough to justify high investment in specialized
equipment
3. Product is standardized or approaching a phase of its life cycle that justifies
investment in specialized equipment
4. Supplies of raw materials and components are adequate and of uniform quality
(adequately standardized) to ensure that they will work with the specialized equipment
OFFICE LAYOUT
Office Layout require the grouping of the workers, their equipment, and spaces to
provide for comfort, safety and movement of information.
-are in the constant flux as the technological change sweeping society
alter the way offices function.
Paper correspondence
Contracts
Legal Documents
Confidential patient records
Hard copy scripts
Artwork
Designs
This chart, prepared for an office of product designers indicates that the chief
marketing officer must be;
RETAIL LAYOUTS
Retail Layouts- an approach that addresses flow, allocates space, and responds
to customer behavior
-are based on the idea that sales and profitability vary directly with
customer exposure to products. Thus, most retail operations managers try to expose
customers to as many products as possible.
5 ideas are helpful for determining the overall arrangement of many stores;
1. Locate the high draw items around the periphery of the store. Thus, we
tend to find dairy products on one side of a supermarket and bread and
bakery products on another.
2. Use prominent locations for high impulse and high margin items. Best buy
puts fast- growing, high margin digital goods such as cameras and DVDs
in the front and center of its stores.
3. Distribute what are known in the trades as power items---items that
may dominate a purchasing trip---to both sides of an aisle, and disperse
them to increase the viewing of other items.
4. Use end aisle locations because they have a very high exposure rate.
5. Convey the mission of the store by carefully selecting the position of the
lead off department.
SERVICESCAPES
---- The physical surroundings in which a service takes place, and how
they affect customers and employees.
A FIRM CONSIDERS 3 ELEMENTS TO PROVIDE A GOOD SERVICE LAYOUT
Warehouse Layout a design that attempts to minimize total cost by addressing trade-off
between space and material handling
Material handling costs as all the costs related to the transaction. This consists of
incoming transport, storage, and outgoing transport of the materials to be warehoused.
These costs include equipment, people, material, supervision, insurance, and
depreciation.
CROSS-DOCKING
RANDOM STOCKING
Automatic identification systems (AISs), usually in the form of bar codes, allow accurate
and rapid item identification. When automatic identification systems are combined with
effective management information systems, operations managers know the quantity and
location of every unit.
CUSTOMIZING
-using warehousing to add value to a product through component
modification, repair, labelling, and packaging.
Example; if your computer has failed, the replacement may be sent to you from such a
warehouse for delivery next morning. When your old machine arrives back at the
warehouse, it is repaired and sent to someone else. These value-added activities at
quasi-warehouses contribute to strategies of differentiation, low cost, and rapid
response.
ship
a highway
a bridge
a house
an operating table in a hospital operating room
Advantage of Process-Oriented
Its flexibility in equipment and labor assignments. The breakdown
of one machine, for example, need not halt an entire process;
work can be transferred to other machines in the department.
Disadvantages of Process-Oriented
-Come from the general purpose use of the equipment. Orders take
more time to move through the system because of difficult scheduling, changing, setups,
and unique material handling.
-An arrangement of machines and personnel that focuses on making a single product
or family of related products.
-recognizes people and machines that would ordinarily be dispersed in various
departments into a group so that they can focus on making a single product or a group of
related products.
Multiple Choice
a.7
b.4
c.5
d.3
3. A layout that deals with low volume, high variety production in which like
machines and equipment are grouped together.
IN
OPERATION
MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED BY:
LAPAT GLADYS
SAQUIN RODELYN A.