Skittles Group Project

Math 1040-Intro Stats

Summer 2017
Mamun Rashid

Brought to you by:

MelissaWall
TessaReed
ChrispinSangano
SadieWadsworth
RachelJeppsen
Introduction:
Each member of our math 1040 class purchased one 2.17-ounce bag of Original
Skittles and recorded the frequency of each color. The teacher then compiled all the
data given from each student, then we were asked to incorporate these numbers with
different statistical aspects.
First, we found the proportion of each color of candy. We also learned and have
demonstrated how to produce a Pareto chart and Pie chart based off our data.
Secondly, our group made a statistical summary based off the mean, standard deviation
and 5-number summary. Then we were able to make a histogram chart and a box plot
based off our newly learned knowledge from class.
Lastly, this project shows our skills and knowledge based on the confidence
intervals. We were able to find the mean, standard deviation, and population proportion
of the confidence interval which includes a follow up analyst of what it means.

Organizing and Displaying Categorical Data: Colors

The results of the Classroom Sample Skittle Colors:

Mean Standard Minimum Q1 Median Q2 Maximum

Deviation

Color 156 14.37 156 158 163 180 169

Totals

With my bag of candy, I had the most yellow. With the class, the most popular
color was red. I feel my colors were relatively close, with the class average it seems
orange, yellow, and green candies are the most popular with red being the highest and
purple being the lowest. The graphs do reflect what I expected to see, the colors are
pretty close, red being the most popular.

Class Candy Totals:

Red Candy Orange Yellow Green Purple Total Candy
Candy Candy Candy Candy

196 164 160 163 156 839

My Candy Totals:
Red Candy Orange Yellow Green Purple Total Candy
Candy Candy Candy Candy

12 11 15 12 11 61
Organizing and Displaying Quantitative Data: Number of Candies per Bag
 Box Plot for Total Number of Candies

Number of Candies

Results of the Classroom Sample Skittle Bags:

Mean Standard Minimum Q1 Median Q2 Maximum

Deviation

Bag 59.9 2.13 56 58 60 61 64

Totals

Number of Candies in my Bag Number of Bags in Sample

61 Candies 14 Bags
Reflection:

The categorical data is, as the name implies, data that represents categories such as
colors, labels, and names. They dont easily count or measure anything as quantitative data
does to represent. A pie and pareto chart would be the best graph(s) to display this data. These
chart(s) are easy to read the appropriate data. However, histogram and boxplot chart(s) are the
best charts to use when representing quantitative data. This is because you can easily see the
outliers and the numbers that are being worked with. With categorical data it is grouped data.
For example the group of colors. Quantitative data would be the number of skittles to represent
our calculations such as the mean, median, 5 number summary.
Construct a 99% confidence interval estimate for the true proportion of the yellow
candies:

Sample mean: 11.986

Standard Deviation: 3.109
Yellow candies: 160
Sample: 70

Using the proportion confidence interval I obtained the following results:

99% Confidence Interval Estimate: (11.002,12.97)

Confidence Intervals estimated from the population are used to determine, with the
specified degree of confidence, the proportion of a characteristic found within a
population. In relation to the skittles, we are 99% confident that the proportion of yellow
skittles in any bag of skittles falls between 11.002 and 12.97.

Construct 95% Interval Estimate for the true mean number of bags:

Sample mean: 70
Standard Deviation: 3.109

95% Confidence Interval Estimate: (11.245,12.727)

Confidence Interval estimates of the population mean use sample data to extrapolate an
interval with the specified degree of confidence that the mean characteristic of a
population should fall within. In this case, we are 95% confident the mean number of
skittles in any bag is between 11.245 and 12.727.
Hypothesis Tests

A hypothesis test is a test whether a claim of a value of a population proportion

or a population mean and whether or not the claim is true. The purpose of a hypothesis
test is to make a conclusion about a claim.

Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that 20% of all Skittles candies are red.

Claim: p= 20% of the skittles are red.

H0: 20% of skittles = red- Claim
H1: 20% of skittles red

n= 839 red skittles: 196 (pie hat)p=0.234

The test statistic z = 2.43 is calculated as: p-value = 0.015 < 0.05

Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the mean number of candies in a bag of
Skittles is 55.

Claim: mean= mean number of candies is 55

H0: mean = mean of candies in a bag is 55- Claim
H1: mean mean of candies in a bag is 55

The test statistic t=15.69 is calculated as: p-value = 0.00009 < 0.05

Test One: There is sufficient evidence to support the rejection of the claim, and null
hypothesis, that 20% of all the Skittle candies are red. If the claim suggested that they
would be greater or equal to 20% we would have been able to possibly support the
claim and the hypothesis.

Test Two: There is sufficient evidence to support the rejection of the claim, and null
hypothesis, that the mean number of candies in a bag of Skittles is 55. Again, for test
two we reject reject the null hypothesis, the claim, because the true sample mean is
167.8 and it doesnt fall within the 0.05 significance level.