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Learning outcomes
5.0 Introduction
As teachers, you will feel yourself monitored and evaluated in terms of efficiency not
only from the aspect of teaching in the classroom, but includes relationships with
other teachers, parents and students up to the way you dress.
The formation of self-identity as a professional teacher requires time and
participation in the processes of teaching , educating and guiding a child that has
been entrusted to you. You will get satisfaction from your career undertakings when
students achieve success due to the efforts and dedication to 'change' his life around
your protege to a better level. Through time, the personality, the role and nature of
self as a teacher would be well within yourself. In other words , teaching is used as a
life or your existence, not just the way you act or decision making teaching and
learning ( T & L ) in the classroom.
At the elementary level, the teacher is one of the determining factors in the success
of a student studies. Teachers can influence classroom interaction and classroom
psychosocial environment. Teachers have the authority / freedom to determine the
sources and methods of teaching in their respective classes. Children at this stage to
be active, have high force curious, creative and willing to be guided by their
teachers. Each primary school teachers should have a variety of skills and
knowledge to perform the responsibility of educating children between the ages of
six to twelve years in line with the National Education Philosophy to produce a
comprehensive and balanced human in physical, emotional, spiritual and social.
The development of education nowadays require teachers to perform a variety of
roles. These include the knowledge practitioners, counselors, reflective practitioners,
researchers, agents of socialization, agent of change, substitute parent, shaping
behavior and learning manager. Each of these roles leads to an increase in the
effectiveness of T & L.
Teachers have a responsibility to always seek knowledge and practice to meet the
educational needs of young people and the future of the country. Practitioners of
knowledge mean love, master, always looking and improving knowledge, use or
apply knowledge in various aspects of life. Educators minded teachers consider
teaching is a trust given to him to give back and to share their knowledge without
expecting any reward and recognition for the advancement of the nation.
As discussed in chapter four, to be a successful teacher, it will take quite a long time.
You need to adopt the attitude to 'learn to teach', constantly improve the mastery of
knowledge and education content knowledge through reading, discussion with
colleagues, attend in-service courses, conduct research and demonstrate openness
to knowledge acquisition opportunities. Knowledge based on textbook alone is not
enough as the development of information and new knowledge always coming.
Therefore, teachers need to become lifelong learners as knowledge is constantly
evolving and changing.
Teacher organizes lecture by integrating learning skills and thinking skills in content
in order to produce students capable of higher order thinking and conducive to
learning styles and cognitive styles. The era of information technology has an impact
on the proper role of the teacher changes from a purveyor of knowledge to a mentor/
facilitator. To help students achieve optimal learning, the facilitator must have skills
such as emotional intelligence competencies, communication skills, skills in using
technology in teaching and skills to motivate students. All of these skills can be
owned by teachers individually through reading, sharing information with colleagues,
practice reflection, attending courses and practice of action research.
5.2 Consultant
The teacher's role includes not only T & L activities based on the curriculum and
syllabus alone but covers a person's entire moral development of pupils. An effective
teacher will ensure that students master the skills needed to address the problems or
challenges that may be faced in life.
Students who are not equipped with the skills to manage emotions and resolve
personal problems may affect the learning performance. Therefore, each teacher
must serve as consultant, working with schools and parents to guide students toward
quality and healthy life.
Discussion is often associated with the concept of guidance and counseling. This
book is not intended to affect the role of school consultant and counseling teachers
as being outside the scope of our discussion topics. In general, the role and duties of
the regular teacher in the context of the guidance can be viewed in terms of
providing advice, guidance, instruction and assistance to students who need it.
Shertzer and Stone (1981) defines mentoring as a service to guide individuals who
need to reach an understanding, knowledge and skills. The coaching process can
occur in groups or individually. The coaching process can be carried out formally in
the classroom, in the school hall or in a place of recreation through special courses
organized for the purpose. Opportunity to provide guidance may occur during
informal interactions with students.
Cultivate the interest and motivation of the academic subjects in order to improve
their academic achievement.
Guide students to identify strengths and weaknesses, interests and inclinations
themselves against fields of endeavor, according to their interests and talents and
abilities so that their potential can be developed.
Instill passion and healthy attitudes toward school and relate it with their daily
practices .
Identify and assist students who are experiencing problems of education / socio /
health in making personal adjustments from the social, emotional, mental and
physical aspects.
In the same context, the teacher may serve as a 'mentor' in which the role is a
combination of training, support, guidance and constructive feedback. Mentors will
try to build individual strengths to maximize and pupils who are under their care in a
classroom situation. Mentoring process is implemented based on the love
relationship between a mentor and mentee.
The teacher's role as an instructor is not limited solely by the scope of their duties in
curriculum and instruction from the school management. As an educator, he is also
guiding and helping students become healthy, positive and able to contribute to
society.
Each teacher will have to make research about what steps in the process of
reflection that can help him understand the closer role as an effective reflective
practitioner. As shown in fig 5.1, the reflection began with the efforts of teachers to
describe the situation or identify problems that arise, then tried to explain his feelings
about the situation based on the perception and self-esteem. In the evaluation, the
teacher explores the possible causes of the problems and the strengths and
weaknesses of the situation. As a result, teachers will strive to find ways to
overcome areas of weakness. In the process of analyzing the situation, a practitioner
finds effort to see the situation from a different angle and consider the possibility of
alternative action. In the conclusion, the teacher decided the best course of actions.
The last circle is a reflective process of thinking about the future action plan (plan of
action) if the same events over and over again.
Successful teachers are not just teachers that managed to mimic the actions of an
efficient teacher teach or doing classroom management duties efficiently as any
requirements prescribed procedure. Such practice by Van Manen (1977) is just the
technical aspects, which is the teacher just thinking pedagogical decisions regarding
the use of effective and beneficial.
Reflective thinking should include the social, moral and ethical values in the process
of learning reflection of the state of teaching problem occurs on three different levels
of technical, practical and critical (Van Manen, 1977; Zeichener & Liston , 1996).
Reflection in practical level, teachers try to review the results and impact of the
means used to achieve educational goals. His thinking was more focused on the
assumptions made about the purpose and effect of education. According to Van
Manen, teachers use critical reflection to combine criteria level moral, ethical and
professional action in teaching.
Teacher performance can be enhanced through reflective practice. Among the
benefits derived are:
Able to identify the strengths and weaknesses within himself to achieve better
performance.
Become a more confident teacher.
Teaching is more effective according to the principles and models of teaching and
diversity techniques.
Actions and decisions based on knowledge and pedagogical knowledge effectively.
Reflective thinking can be documented in writing is an important reference not only
for teachers, but also as a contribution to new ideas to be referred to by his
colleagues and teachers at other schools.
5.4 Researchers
Each day the teacher must make various decisions related to teaching and
classroom management. In fact, every day the teachers involved in the research
process, the plan lessons, help students in the learning process, classroom
management, assessing student work, provide feedback student achievement to
parents and other interested parties. Even though, clearing activities more in the
teaching process, but if restated using different terminology is to design and
implement an action plan, observe and collect data, analyze results and modify
learning plans to meet the needs of pupils meet the definition of activities 'research.
The role of the teacher as researcher is evident as the daily activities of teachers
recorded or documented in a real / formal and systematic manner, involve
themselves in the process of inquiry in order to improve teaching and student
achievement.
Action research, a form of research undergo by teachers for teachers and teachers.
All the roles, functions, practices, culture and norms in school better understood by
teachers compared with third-party researchers. Therefore, more appropriate to
investigate the practices of teachers in school situations where he worked
(Stenhouse, 1983).
The role of the teacher as researcher allow scientific review of an event, to make
analysis based on empirical evidence and authentic data thus help teachers make
classroom decisions wisely and effectively in accordance with the theories and
principles of T & L.
Teachers act of imparting knowledge to the students as well as attitudes, values, and
outstanding personalities in accordance with the individual needs and expectations
of society.
Society's expectations of the teacher to play the role of enhancing the quality of life
patterns, preserve and maintain the culture and norms of social well-regarded in the
community. Thus, the practices of moral values such as courtesy, good manners,
caring, affectionate, humanitarian values and respect the rights of others should be
displayed within a teacher. Patterns and values of teachers, speech and language,
respect the rules and laws as well as the response of teachers to the less fortunate
is an important tool in the development of socialization and social development of the
quality of students ' personality .
The teaching profession, a teacher of course face the changes in the performance of
his duties to receive new students, the need to master new knowledge and skills,
new curriculum, new technology, new methods of teaching, new organizational
structure, a new service scheme and so on. We are unable to avoid, in the face of
change, every time 'reform', the routine or habit will be disturbed, there is also
something that may be overlooked in the process of transition to. Change can create
uncertainty, anxiety and stress. Changes can also bring positive effects such as the
new hope, innovation, and for those brave enough to face will acquire a sense of
satisfaction from the new experience. 'Change' is the act of making something in
some other way, to maintain the efficiency and skills of their own, changes should be
made a part of our daily life. Generative nature of change, the change in one part
can cause changes in the other.
Parents are the individuals closest to the students for early learning of children
obtained from their parents. The early development of children begins in the home in
which the aspirations, values and attitudes of their parents as a model to be
followed. Therefore, aspirations and values of the school should be in line with the
aspirations, values and attitudes of parents in the home. Parents are the major social
influence on the achievement of their children's schooling. It is important to maintain
good and cordial relationship between the school and parents.
While the intent of the married couple to maintain domestic bliss, but in reality there
are children who come from different harmony backgrounds families. Teachers not
only need to understand a child being taught by them, but he must also gain an
understanding in terms of family structure and family function in the culture and
practices of different customs. Not all children who attend the school come from the
family unit and ideally managed. There are single mothers, children under the care of
a guardian, divorced parents, parents who are busy working and various other forms
of family problems. Poverty, child abuse, child labor, drug abuse is a social issues
they may be facing one of the children in the class you are teaching.
Awareness and sensitization of teachers on these issues will help school children
cope with more confidence. Teachers who understand this situation will give more
specific attention and strive to create schools and classrooms more conducive to
worries and concerns of children about the world outside of school can be
minimized.
Demonstrating the love, warmth and provide learning experiences that are
meaningful and quality, the teacher can act as a substitute parent and treat students
who are hungry for love and affection of their parents.
Teachers are individuals who are directly involved in the process of learning face to
face with students every school day. Teaching is a very important model in delivering
the message about the practice of values, beliefs, philosophies and attitudes to their
students. Parents and society in general view the role of teachers in molding the
behavior of a very influential during the student is in school. If teachers demonstrate
boredom, laziness and lack of enthusiasm, students will imitate the behavior that it
observes.
As a shaper of behavior, basically the teacher must understand the learning goals to
be achieved. Formation approach behavior used should support the goals and
purposes of education. For example, if the goal of education aimed at creating a
human able to think on a higher level, to solve problems independently and
appreciate the uniqueness of the individual, then the formation of behavior must be
consistent with the goals set. Teachers need to have wisdom in the selection of
approach behavior in professional development, based on the philosophy and theory
of conduct.
T & L is effective not only depend on the ability of teachers to apply teaching skills in
the classroom, but must have the skills to create a conducive learning environment.
Teachers as learning managers will strive to create a learning environment that
encourages collaboration among students in the classroom so that the learning
process meaningful and productive. As a manager of learning, teachers are
responsible for:
5:10 Summary
In this chapter we have touched the diversity of roles played by a primary school
teacher as knowledge practitioners, counselors, reflective practitioners, researchers,
agents of socialization, agent of change, substitute parent, shaping behavior and
learning manager. Actually the role of teachers to prepare students today for the
world tomorrow (Preparing today's children for tomorrow's world). Demands of
society and the world in general is that teachers are able to equip themselves with
the skills and 2l century global competencies.
As a practitioner of knowledge, agents of socialization and agents of change,
teachers need to be more aware of the ability to communicate and share knowledge
globally, able to see the problem from the perspective of a different community and
collaborating with communities of the world in the use of resources and knowledge to
achieve the well-being and world peace we have in common. This generation of
students will enter the world of work and communication technology based on Web
3.0 that allows network without borders. The challenge for teachers who educate
Generation Y will play a broader role. To ensure our role as an effective teacher , we
need to explore and master 21st century skills such as the use of digital equipment
(cameras, mobile phones, computer software) and online resources (online
resources) to support and enhance the presentation and partnership that we teach
science.
Join activity
Elliott, J. (1991), 'Action Research for Educational Change, Milton Keynes', Open
University Press.
Sparks-Langer, G. M. (1992), 'In The Eye of The Beholder: Cognitive, Critical and
Narrative Approaches to Teacher Reflection', dalam L. Valli (ed.), Reflective
Teacher Education: Cases and Critiques, Hal. 147-159, New York: State
University of New York Press.
Van Manen, M. (1977), 'Linking Ways of Knowing with Ways of Being Practical',
Curriculum Inquiry , 6(3), Hal. 205-228.