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D) storm-and-stress event.
Alex believes people are primarily influenced by the environment and learned
experiences, so he believes _______ plays a more powerful role in human
development.
A) nurture
B) maturation
C) change
D) nature
A) nurture
Allan spends a great deal of time working and trying to establish his career. He also has
been thinking about how his personal relationship is going and considering whether it
could be long-term and lead to establishing a family. Allan is MOST LIKELY in:
A) late adolescence.
B) early adulthood.
C) middle adulthood.
D) late adulthood
B) early adulthood.
A) nondescript.
B) eclectic.
C) quasi-experimental.
D) pseudoscientific.
B) eclectic.
A) theories.
B) hypotheses.
C) models.
D) scientific methods.
A) theories.
Because Dr. Samuels is a cognitive theorist, we know that she stresses the importance
of _______ for understanding development.
A) thought processes
B) repressed memories
C) reciprocal interactions
D) biologically determined critical periods
A) thought processes
Callie is learning about the psychoanalytic perspective and understands there are three
parts to the personality. According to Freud, they are the:
A) it is difficult to administer.
C) children ought to be treated as small adults in need of training but little else.
D) children are autonomous and may be expected to grow and develop with very little
parental support.
B) childhood is a unique and important period in life.
A _______ design compares individuals of different ages (e.g., 30-year-olds, 40-year-
olds, and 50-year-olds) at one testing time.
A) cross-sectional
B) longitudinal
C) Latin squares
D) correlational
A) cross-sectional
Development consists of many aspects: biological, cognitive, socioemotional, etc. This
statement supports Baltes' assertion that development is:
A) contextual.
B) multidirectional.
C) multidimensional.
D) plastic.
C) multidimensional.
Development is characterized by growth and decline. This statement supports Baltes'
assertion that development is:
A) contextual.
B) multidirectional.
C) multidimensional.
D) plastic.
B) multidirectional.
Differences in families, neighborhoods, cultures, and even time periods affect
development. This statement supports Baltes' assertion that development is:
A) contextual.
B) multidirectional.
C) multidimensional.
D) plastic.
A) contextual.
Dr. Somberg is using a method of gathering information that gives an in-depth look at
one individual. She is using the:
A) interview.
B) emic approach.
C) participant observation.
D) case study.
D) case study.
Erik Erikson's theory emphasized:
A) repeated resolutions of unconscious conflicts about sexual energy.
A) biological age.
B) social age.
C) psychological age.
D) historical age.
B) social age.
Experimental designs are superior to correlational approaches when dealing with:
A) macrosystem; mesosystem
B) exosystem; microsystem
C) exosystem; chronosystem
D) microsystem; chronosystem
D) microsystem; chronosystem
In Bronfenbrenner's theory, the microsystem refers to the:
B) b contexts in which the individual lives but does not play an active role.
A) contextual.
B) multidirectional.
C) multidimensional.
D) plastic.
D) plastic.
Life-span development begins with _______ and ends with _______.
A) birth; death
B) conception; old age
C) infancy; old age
D) conception; death
D) conception; death
Like many others her age, Velma does not know how to use a computer, but her six-
year-old grandson has no problem navigating the Internet and using a word processing
program. This is an example of a:
A) real-world validity.
A) multidirectional.
B) multidimensional.
C) lifelong.
D) plastic.
B) multidimensional.
Most life-span developmentalists recognize that:
C) while nurture (the environment) is important, nature (heredity) plays the stronger role.
A) chronological age.
B) biological age.
C) psychological age.
D) developmental age.
A) chronological age.
One difficulty of conducting research in the laboratory setting is that:
A) it is artificial.
D) storm-and-stress events.
A) normative age-graded influences.
Parents adhering to the fundamental premise of Jean-Jacques Rousseau's "innate
goodness" argument would:
A) late childhood.
B) middle childhood.
C) early childhood.
D) infancy.
D) infancy.
The period of development during which school readiness skills are developed and
most free time is spent playing with friends is called:
A) infancy.
B) early childhood.
C) middle childhood.
D) late childhood.
B) early childhood.
Rozee is 86 years young. She continues to learn phrases in new languages, she writes
poetry, and she enjoys going to museums to see the latest up-and-coming artists.
These examples of her adaptive capacities demonstrate:
A) chronological age.
B) biological age.
C) psychological age.
D) social age.
...
The traditional and life-span perspectives are contrasting views of developmental
change. According to the life-span perspective, when do developmental changes occur?
C) extensive change from birth to adulthood, then little change for the rest of the life
span.
B) questionnaire
C) standardized test
D) naturalistic observation
C) standardized test
Which method of collecting information about life-span development is most likely to
include a life calendar?
A) life-history record
B) case study
C) sequential approach
D) interview
A) life-history record
Which period of development is characterized by establishing independence,
developing an identity, and thinking more abstractly?
A) middle childhood
B) late childhood
C) adolescence
D) early adulthood
C) adolescence
Which philosophical view assumes that the child's mind at birth is a "blank tablet"?
A) original sin
B) tabula rasa
C) determinism
D) innate goodness
B) tabula rasa
Which research strategy is the BEST for determining cause-and-effect relationships?
A) experimental
B) correlational
C) observational
D) standardized test
A) experimental
Which statement BEST resolves the nature-nurture controversy?
A) contextual theories
B) ecological theories
C) psychoanalytical theories
D) ethological theories
C) psychoanalytical theories
Which theory believes there are sensitive periods of development?
A) ethological theory
B) ecological theory
C) behavioral theory
A) Skinner's behaviorism
D) Children are born good and remain that way until adulthood.
1 The process of natural _______ favors individuals of a species that are best able to survive and
reproduce.
A) progression
B) distinction
Ans
C) selection
D) accommodation
2 David Buss believes that _______ not only shapes our physical features but also influences our
decision making, aggressive behavior, fears, and mating patterns.
A) adaptation
B) instinct
Ans
C) evolution
D) genetics
Ans
B) decrease with age.
D) first increase in early adulthood, then decrease after the decline in reproductive
capacity.
4 Albert Bandura would argue that evolutionary psychology focuses too much on _______ and not
enough on _______.
Ans
A) biology; environment
B) evolution; regression
D) culture; learning
5 The units of hereditary information that act as a blueprint for cells to reproduce themselves and
manufacture the proteins that maintain life are:
A) chromosomes.
B) DNA.
Ans
C) genes.
D) ribosomes.
Ans
A) the cells divide into gametes, which have half the genetic material of the parent cell.
A) 46 paired chromosomes.
B) 46 unpaired chromosomes.
C) 23 paired chromosomes.
Ans
D) 23 unpaired chromosomes.
Ans
B) XX.
C) XY.
D) XXY.
9 Traits that are produced by the interaction between two or more genes are called:
A) dominant.
B) recessive.
C) monogenic.
Ans
D) polygenic.
A) phenotype.
B) zygote.
Ans
C) genome.
D) DNA map.
11 Dominant-recessive gene inheritance involves _______ genes, whereas polygenic inheritance
involves _______ genes.
A) 2; 2
B) 4; 2
Ans
C) 2; many
D) many; 2
A) cell
Ans
B) gene
C) gamete
D) chromosome
A) cells.
B) genes.
Ans
C) chromosomes.
D) DNA molecules.
14 CORRECT Both of Brian's parents are farsighted, but Brian wears glasses for
nearsightedness. Which genetic principle can explain this difference?
A) mitosis
Ans
B) dominant-recessive genes
C) reaction range
D) sex-linked genes
15 CORRECT If you are looking at someone's brown hair, you are observing that
person's
A) genotype.
Ans
B) phenotype.
C) reaction range.
16 CORRECT Amanda was born with Down syndrome. The doctor tells her parents
that she will be mentally retarded. If her parents keep her at home without educational or training
programs, the doctor predicts that her IQ might go as low as 35, but he predicts it could go as high as 70
if they provide such programs for Amanda. This variability in Amanda's potential IQ provides an example
of the:
A) canalization of intelligence.
Ans
B) reaction range for intelligence.
17 The narrow path marking the development of characteristics that appear immune to vast
changes in environmental events is called:
Ans
A) canalization.
B) meiosis.
C) phenotype.
D) heredity.
C) biological factors at birth and environmental factors throughout the rest of life.
Ans
D) a continuous interaction between biological and environmental factors.
19 Twins that develop from a single fertilized egg are called:
A) fraternal twins.
B) adopted twins.
C) dizygotic twins.
Ans
D) identical twins.
Ans
C) the home environment and the biological genes.
Ans
A) Down syndrome
B) Turner syndrome
C) sickle-cell anemia
D) phenylketonuria (PKU)
22 Which of these syndromes is NOT sex-linked?
Ans
A) sickle-cell anemia
B) Klinefelter syndrome
C) Turner syndrome
D) XYY syndrome
23 CORRECT Mary begs her parents to allow her to take piano lessons. After her first
several lessons, it quickly becomes apparent that Mary has a natural talent for music. This example best
illustrates:
Ans
C) active genotype-environment correlation.
24 Children who are highly active, easily distracted, and move quickly often elicit adult attempts to
quiet them down, punishment for lack of concentration, and angry warnings to slow down. This
describes an example of a(n) _______ genotype-environment interaction.
A) passive
B) active
C) niche-picking
Ans
D) evocative
25 Rachel has always enjoyed reading. Now that she is a parent, she provides her daughter with
many books to read, hoping the child also will learn to enjoy reading. How do behavior geneticists refer
to this type of interaction between heredity and environment?
Ans
A) passive genotype-environment interactions
A) amniocentesis
Ans
B) ultrasound sonography
B) drawing a sample of the fluid that surrounds the baby in the womb.
C) taking a sample of the placenta between the 8th and 11th week of pregnancy.
A) a blastocyst.
B) an egg.
C) an embryo.
Ans
D) a zygote.
29 UNANSWERED The period of prenatal development that occurs in the first two weeks
after conception is called the _______ period.
A) fetal
B) germinal
C) embryonic
D) blastocystic
30 How does the placenta/umbilical cord life-support system prevent harmful bacteria from
invading a fetus?
Ans
A) Bacteria are too large to pass through the placenta walls.
C) Bacteria become trapped in the maze of blood vessels of the umbilical cord.
31 During which period of prenatal development do cells begin to become different from each
other more rapidly and organs begin to form?
Ans
A) embryonic period
B) zygotic period
C) fetal period
D) blastocystic period
32 The human body develops from three layers of cells in the embryo. These layers are the:
Ans
C) endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.
D) blastoderm, trophoderm, and plastoderm.
33 Organs and tissues in an unborn baby are most vulnerable to environmental changes during:
Ans
A) organogenesis.
D) trophoblast differentiation.
Ans
D) an environmental factor that produces birth defects
35 CORRECT Which of the following statements about fetal alcohol syndrome is most
accurate?
Ans
A) The infant is often physically deformed and below average in intelligence.
D) Babies suffering from fetal alcohol syndrome are often born before term and with low
birthweights.
36 A common characteristic of babies born to women who smoke during their pregnancies is:
Ans
D) lower birthweights.
37 CORRECT Phillip is 5 years old and has a poor attention span. He often fidgets and
is impulsive. It is quite possible that Phillip's mother used _______ while pregnant.
A) nicotine
Ans
B) cocaine
C) caffeine
D) marijuana
Ans
B) increased risk of prematurity
39 Which of the following statements about the relationship between age and pregnancy outcome
is most accurate?
B) Artificially inseminated women in their thirties and forties are more likely to become
pregnant than those in their twenties.
Ans
C) Mothers over age 30 are most likely to have retarded babies.
D) Adolescent mothers suffer the lowest infant mortality rates of any age group.
40 Now that Eric and Luz have established their careers and are in their mid-twenties, they are
planning to have a baby. In terms of the paternal factors that may affect his child, Eric should be most
concerned about:
C) his age.
Ans
D) his low dietary intake of vitamin C.
41 Which of the following is a complication of delivery?
Ans
A) anoxia
B) oxytocin
C) teratology
D) toxoplasmosis
42 CORRECT Drugs used to block sensation in one area of the body or to block
consciousness during delivery are:
A) analgesics.
Ans
B) anesthestics.
C) epidurals.
D) oxytocics.
43 Linda's baby is about to be born. The baby's head is at the top of the uterus, and the baby's
lower extremities are on the cervix. This situation is:
B) called afterbirth.
Ans
C) called a breech position.
A) psychological status.
B) reflexes.
Ans
C) physiological health.
D) responsivity to people.
Ans
A) he has brain damage.
46 Which of the following statements about bonding between mothers and newborns enjoys
supporting evidence?
A) The newborn must have sufficiently close contact to bond with the mother in the first
few days of life to develop optimally.
B) Bonding between infant and mother can only occur after standard childbirth.
Ans
C) Bonding with mothers is helpful to preterm infants and adolescent mothers.
D) Bonding with the mother is more important for the infant's development than bonding
with the father.
Q7: A child has been admitted to your school who belongs to a back ward family/background from
the cultural viewpoint. You will
(a) Keep him in a class in which, there are many more students of backward background from the cultural
viewpoint
(b) Send a teacher to know more about the backward cultural background of the child
(c) Keep him in a normal class but will make special arrangements for teaching him, keeping his
special needs in view
(d) Advise him to take up vocational education
Q9: A teacher, after preparing a question paper, checks whether the questions test specific
testing objectives. He is concerned primarily about the question paper's
(a) content coverage
(b) typology of questions
(c ) reliability
(d) validity
Q14: A teacher uses a text and some pictures of fruits and vegetables and holds a discussion
with her students. The students link the details with their previous knowledge and learn the
concept of nutrition. This approach is based on
Q15: A child starts to cry when his grandmother takes him from his mother's lap. The child
cries due to
Answers:
1: (c) the system has failed
7: (c) Keep him in a normal class but will make special arrangements for teaching him, keeping his
special needs in view
9: (d) Validity
[Note: Question paper validity involves:
(i) identification and definition of instructional objectives for the subject in question;
(ii) giving proportionate weightage (marks) to each of these objectives for framing questions that would
test attainment of these objectives; and
(iii) framing questions that would test the abilities associated with these particular objectives]
10: (a) teachers know their learners' capabilities better than external examiners
12: (a) It does not proceed at the same pace for all
2. All of the following advanced principles of child development that are closely allied to the stimulus
(a) Pavilov
(b) J B Waston
(c) Hull
(d) Gesell
3. The process whereby the genetic factors limit an individuals responsiveness to the
environment is known as
(a) Canalization.
(b) Discontinuity.
(c) Differentiation.
5. A child has been admitted to your school who belongs to a back ward family/background from the
cultural viewpoint. You will
(a) Keep him in a class in which, there are many more students of backward
(b) Send a teacher to know more about the backward cultural background of the child
(c) Keep him in a normal class but will make special arrangements for teaching him, keeping his
7. If heredity is an important determinant of a specific behaviour, what prediction can we make about
expression of the behaviour in identical twins reared apart compared to its expression in fraternal
(a) Fraternal twins will express the behaviour more similarly than identical twins.
(b) There will be little similarity in the expression of the behaviour in either set of twins.
(c) Identical twins will express the behaviour more similarly than fraternal twins.
(d) The behaviour will be expressed as similarly by identical twins as it is by fraternal twins.
(c) Kindergarten
(b) Provide for a uniform standard of entry-level teacher competency throughout the state
(d) Exclude from the profession those who are mentally unhealthy
10. The key difference between evolutionary and cultural change is that evolutionary change alters
__________ whereas cultural change alters ____________.
12. In preparing a fifth grade class to take a standardized reading test the teacher is best advised to:
(a) Tell the children the test is very important and they should do the best they can
(b) Ditto key questions from a previous test and allow the pupils to answer them
(c) Coach the below grade level readers, as the rest of the class will do well anyway
(d) Give the pupils practice in answering questions similar to the type that will appear on the test
(b) Only those children who can spell and also, can write cohesive sentences
(c) Only those children who want to write for the newspaper of the class
15. Of the following, the most promising step for a teacher to take in order to improve class discipline
is to
(c) Consult the class and agree upon a graduated series of punishments
(d) Call a parent teacher meeting to discuss the situation
16. The question Will the shy child who never speaks turn into a quiet, shy adult or wilL the child
(a) Maturation
17. A child from a disorganized home will experience the greatest difficulty with:
(d) Workbooks
19. The normal twelve year old child is most likely to:
22. If some students are not in a mood to study in the class, you will
(c) Warn them that they must study else you will report the matter to the Principal
(d) Tell them some interesting things related to their interests or your own subject
(d) Accounts for the gradual evolution of the childs cognitive, social, and other capacities.
(a) Psychological structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development.
(b) Physical structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development.
(c) Passively developed structures and processes within the child help determine his/her
development.
(d) Slowly developed structures and processes within the child help determine his/her development.
26. A Person believes that nurture strongly influences the development of his child. He
(c) Not ask those questions from him whose answers are beyond his means and due to which, he
(d) Ask questions from him only when he is keen to answer them
28. How will you bring a hyperactive child on the right path?
(a) Make him sit in front of the class and keep a strict vigil on him
(c) Give him tasks of watering trees, cleaning the blackboard, making toys of clay etc.
29. Knowledge of child psychology is a must for a primary teacher. That is because
30. The current movement of behavior modification, wherein tokens are awarded for
ANSWERS
1.