Awwa C221

American Water Works Association
ANWAWWA C221-O1
(Revision of ANWAWWA C221-97)
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AWWA STANDARD
FOR
FABRICATED STEEL MECHANICAL
SLIP-TYPE EXPANSION JOINTS
Effective date: Sept. 1,2001.

First edition approved by AWWA Board of Directors Feb. 2, 1997.
This edition approved Jan. 21,2001.
Approved by American National Standards Institute July 3,2001.
AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION

6666 West Quincy Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80235
www.awwa.o rg
Copyright American Water Works Association

Provided by IHS under license with AWWA
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS Not for Resale
A W A Standard
This document is an American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard. It is not a specification. AWWA
standards describe minimum requirements and do not contain all of the engineering and administrative information
normally contained in specifications. The AWWA standards usually contain options that must be evaluated by the
user of the standard. Until each optional feature is specified by the user, the product or service is not fully defined.
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AWWA publication of a standard does not constitute endorsement of any product or product type, nor does AWWA
test, certify, or approve any product. The use of AWWA standards is entirely voluntary. AWWA standards are
intended to represent a consensus of the water supply industry that the product described will provide satisfactory
service. When AWWA revises or withdraws this standard, an oficial notice of action will be placed on the first page
of the classified advertising section of Journal AWWA. The action becomes effective on the first day of the month
following the month of Journal AWWA publication of the official notice.
American National Standard

An American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions.
An American National Standard is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public.
The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether that person has
approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or
procedures not conforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review, and users
are cautioned to obtain the latest editions. Producers of goods made in conformity with an American National
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CAUTIONNOTICE: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) approval date on the front cover of this
standard indicates completion of the ANSI approval process. This American National Standard may be revised or
withdrawn at any time. ANSI procedures require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard
no later than five years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive
current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St.,
New York, NY 10036; (212) 642-4900.
All rights reserved. No part of t h i s publication may be reproduced or t r a n s m i t t e d in any form o r by any
means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information or retrieval system,
except in the form of brief excerpts or quotations for review purposes, without the written permission of
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Copyright O 2001 by American Water Works Association

Printed in USA
11

Committee Personnel
The Steel Water Rpe-Manufacturers Technical Advisory Committee (SWPMTAC)
Task Group for C221, which developed this edition, had the following personnel at the
time:
Thomas R.Brown, Chair

James H. Burton, Vice-Chair
D.Y. Bridges, Brico Industries Inc., Atlanta, Ga.

T.R. Brown, Sensus Technologies Inc., Uniontown, Pa.
J.H. Burton, Brico Industries, LaMirada, Calif
Ken Caldwell, Cascade Waterworks Manufacturing Company, Yorkville, Ill.
R.R. Collins, JCM Industries Inc., Nash, Texas
D.Creek, Ford Meter Box Company, Pell City, Ala.
D.H. Eaton, Romac Industries Inc., Bothell, Wash.
S.W. Eskew, Cascade Waterworks Manufacturing Company, Yorkville, Ill.
S. Lamb, Nickle Development Institute, Huntington, W. Va.
Marvin Mintz, M-Square Associates Inc., Elmont, N.Y.
R.N. Satyarthi, Baker Coupling Company Inc., Los Angeles, Calif.
Donny Seals, JCM Industries Inc., Nash, Texas
K.L. Shaddix, Smith-Blair Inc., Texarkana, Texas
J.C. Taylor, Piping Systems Inc., Saginaw, Texas
M.J. Topps, Viking Johnson Ltd., Hixson, Tenn.
D.R. Wagner, Wagner Consultants, St. Louis, Mo.
The AWWA Standards Committee on Steel Pipe, which reviewed and approved
this standard, had the following personnel at the time of approval:
George J.Tupac, Chair

John H. Bambei Jr., Vice-Chair
Dennis A. Dechant, Secretary
Consumer Members
G.A.Andersen, New York City Bureau of Water Supply, Corona, N.Y. (AWWA)
J.H. Bambei Jr., Denver Water, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
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D.W. Coppes, Massachusetts Water Resources Authority,
Charlestown, Mass. (NEWWA)
R.V. Frisz, US Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo. (USBR)
T.J. Jordan, Metropolitan Water District of Southern California,
La Verne, Calif (AWWA)
W.M. Kremkau, Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission, Laurel, Md. (AWWA)
T.A. Larson, Tacoma Water Division, Tacoma, Wash.
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A.L. Linard, Los Angeles Department of Water & Power,

Los Angeles, Calif
G.P. Stine, San Diego County Water Authority, Escondido, Calif
J.V. Young, EPCOR Water Services Inc., Richmond, B.C.
General Interest Members
Ergun Bakall, AKM Consulting Engineers, Irvine, Calif.

W.R. Brunzell, Brunzell Associates Ltd., Skokie, 111.
R.L. Coffey, Kirkham Michael Consulting Engineers, Omaha, Neb.
H.E. Dunham,* Montgomery Watson, Bellevue, Wash.
L.J. Farr, CHBM Hill Inc., Redding, Calif.
K.G. Ferguson, Montgomery Watson, Las Vegas, Nev.
S.N. Foellmi, Black & Veatch LLP, Irvine, Calif.
J.W. Green, Alvord Burdick & Howson, Lisle, Ill.
K.D. Henrichsen, HDR Engineering Inc., Denver, Colo.
M.B. Horsley,*Black & Veatch LLP, Overland Park, Kan.
J.K. Jeyapalan, Engineering Consultant, New Milford, Conn.
Rafael Ortega, Lockwood Andrews & Newnam Inc., Houston, Texas
A.E. Romer, Boyle Engineering Corp., Newport Beach, Calif.
H.R. Stoner, Consultant, North Plainfield, N.J.
C.C. Sundberg," CH2M Hill, Bellevue, Wash.
G.J. Tupac, G.J. Tupac and Associates Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.
J.S. Wailes,+Standards Engineer Liaison, AWWA, Denver, Colo.
L.W. Warren, Tetra Tech Inc., Seattle, Wash.
W.R. m i d d e n , Post Buckley Schuh & Jernigan, Winter Park, Fla.
~~~ ~
*Alternate
tliaison, nonvoting
iv
Producer Members
H.H. Bardakjian, Ameron Concrete & Steel Pipe, Rancho

Cucamonga, Calif. (AWWA)
T.R. Brown, Sensus Technologies Inc., Uniontown, Pa. (AWWA)
R.J. Card, Brico Industries Inc., Atlanta, Ga. (AWWA)
R.R. Carpenter, American Cast Iron Pipe Company, BirmLLigham,
Ala. (MSS)
Dennis Dechant, Northwest Pipe Company, Denver, Colo. (AWWA)
J.E. Hagelskamp,* American Cast Iron Pipe Company, Birmingham, Ala. (AWWA)
B.D. Keil, Continental Pipe Manufacturing Company, Pleasant Grove, Utah (SPFA)
Bruce Vanderploeg,t Northwest Pipe Company, Portland, Ore. (AWWA)
J.A. Wise, Canus Industries Inc., Port Coquitlam, B.C. (AWWA)
*Liaison, nonvoting
+Alternate
V
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Contents
All AWWA standards follow the general format indicated subsequently. Some variations from this format may be
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found in a particular standard.
SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE
Foreword 4.3 Fabrication .......................................... 11

I Introduction .......................................... ix 4.4 Coatings .............................................. 12
I .A Background ........................................... ix 4.5 Installation Instructions .................... 12
1.B History .................................................. ix 5 Verification
1.c Acceptance ............................................ ix 5.1 Inspection ............................................ 13
II Special Issues ........................................ x 5.2 Quality Assurance .............................. 13
III Use of This Standard............................ x 5.3 Test Procedures .................................. 13
1II.A Purchaser Options and Alternatives .. xi 5.4 Rejection .............................................. 14
1II.B Modification'to Standard ..................... xi
6 Delivery
IV Major Revisions.................................... xi
6.1 Marking ............................................... 14
V Comments ........................................... xii
6.2 Packaging and Shipping .................... 15
Standard 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance ...................... 15
1 General
Figures
1.1 Scope ...................................................... 1
1 Typical Expansion Joint With
1.2 Purpose .................................................. 1
Limit Rods ......................................... 4
1.3 Application............................................. 1
2 Typical Expansion Joint
2 References ........................................... 2 Configurations ................................... 5
3 Definitions........................................... 4 Tables
4 Requirements 1 Minimum Physical Properties of
Elastomeric Packing ......................... 7
4.1 Materials of Construction..................... 6
2 Pipe-End Diameter Tolerance ............. 8
4.2 Design .................................................... 8
vii

Foreword
This foreword is for information only and is not a part of A W A C221.
I. Introduction.
I.A. Background. Fabricated steel mechanical slip-type expansion joints have
been used for approximately 80years to accommodate thermal movement in non-
buried, aboveground pipelines, penstocks, and other conduits where expansion and
contraction of more than '12 in. (13mm) needs t o be addressed. Though details differ,
all expansion joints of this type work in the same way and have similar components:
a slip pipe, body, gland, packing chamber (with alternate rings of elastomeric
material and lubricating rings), and follower ring. They may also have a limit ring
and limit rods, and threaded fasteners (bolts and nuts) that, when tightened,
compress the packing in the packing chamber to make a watertight seal while
allowing the anticipated axial movement.
1.B. History. The first edition of ANSUAWWA C221 was approved by the
AWWA Board of Directors on Feb. 2, 1997. This second edition was approved by the
A W A Board of Directors on Jan. 21,2001.
I.C. Acceptance. In May 1985, the US Environmental Protection Agency
(USEPA) entered into a cooperative agreement with a consortium led by NSF
International (NSF) t o develop voluntary third-party consensus standards and a
certification program for all direct and indirect drinking water additives. Other
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members of the original consortium included the American Water Works Association
Research Foundation (AWWARF) and the Conference of State Health and Environ-
mental Managers (COSHEM). The American Water Works Association (AWWA) and
the Association of State Drinking Water Administrators (ASDWA) joined later.
In the United States, authority to regulate products for use in, or in contact
with, drinking water rests with individual states.* Local agencies may choose to
impose requirements more stringent than those required by the state. To evaluate
the health effects of products and drinking water additives from such products, state
and local agencies may use various references, including
*Persons in Canada, Mexico, and non-North American countries should contact the
appropriate authority having jurisdiction.
. ix
1. An advisory program formerly administered by USEPA, Office of Drinking
Water, discontinued on Apr. 7,1990.
2. Specific policies of the state or local agency.
,
3. Two standards developed under the direction of NSF, ANSI*/NSFt60,
Drinking Water Treatment Chemicals-Health Effects, and ANSUNSF 61, Drinking
Water System Components-Health Effects.
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4. Other references, including AWWA standards, Food Chemicals Codex,
Water Chernicals Codex,$ and other standards considered appropriate by the state or
local agency.
Various certification organizations may be involved in c e r t i m g products in
accordance with ANSZMSF 61. Individual states or local agencies have authority to
accept or accredit certification organizations within their jurisdiction. Accreditation
of certification organizations may vary from jurisdiction t o jurisdiction.
Annex A, ?Toxicology Review and Evaluation Procedures,? t o ANSZMSF 61 does
not stipulate a maximum allowable level (MAL) of a contaminant for substances not
regulated by a USEPA final maximum contaminant level (MCL). The MALS of an
unspecified list of ?unregulated contaminants? are based on toxicity testing
guidelines (noncarcinogens) and risk characterization methodology (carcinogens). Use
of Annex A procedures may not always be identical, depending on the certifier.
AWWA C221-O1 does not address additives requirements. Thus, users of this
standard should consult the appropriate state or local agency having jurisdiction in
order to
1. Determine additives requirements, including applicable standards.
2. Determine the status of certifications by all parties offering t o certify
products for contact with, or treatment of, drinking water.
3. Determine current information on product certification.
II. Special Issues. This standard has no applicable information for this
section.
III. Use of This Standard. AWWA has no responsibility for the suitability ~
or compatibility of the provisions of this standard to any intended application by any
~ ~-
*American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., New York, NY 10036.

TNSF International, 789 Dixboro Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48105.
$Both publications available from National Academy of Sciences, 2102 Constitution Ave.
N.W., Washington, DC 20418.

user. Accordingly, each user of this standard is responsible for determining that the
standards provisions are suitable for and compatible with that users intended
application.
1II.A. Purchaser Options and Alternatives. The following items should be
included in the purchasers specifications:
1. Standard used-that is, ANSUAWWA C221, Standard for Fabricated Steel
Mechanical Slip-Type Expansion Joints, of latest edition.
2. Quantity.
3. Wall thickness, schedule, or class.
4. Actual outside diameter(s) (OD) of pipe ends, including any coatings
(Sec. 3[1]).
5. Nominal pipe size($ (Sec. 3[101).
6. Rated pressure, transient pressure, and test pressure (Sec. 3(17) and 5.3).
7. Operating temperature range (Sec. 4.1.3).
8. Tolerances of pipe ends (Sec. 4.1.3.3).
9. Length and thickness of body and slip pipe where special performance or
installation requirements exist (Sec. 4.2.1).
10. Anticipated axial movement (Sec. 4.2.1 and 4.2.3.3).
11. Type of pipe(s), including specification to which it is made, or specification
and tolerance of pipe ends (Sec. 4.2.3.2).
12. Special requirements, such as coatings (Sec. 4.4), packing material
(Sec. 4.1.31, and special type of bolting (Sec. 4.2.2.5).
13. Purchasers end preparation requirements (Sec. 4.2.3.2).
14. Material certifications (Sec. 5.1.1.2).
15. Purchasers inspection requirements (Sec. 5.1.2).
16. Purchasers proof test requirements (Sec. 5.3.1).
17. Hydrostatic test requirements (Sec. 5.3.2.2).
18. Additional nondestructive weld evaluation (Sec. 5.3.3).
19. Afdavit of compliance (Sec. 6.3).
1II.B. Modification to Standard. Any modification t o the provisions, defini-
tions, or terminology in this standard must be provided in the purchasers
specifications.
IV. Major Revisions. Major revisions made to the standard in this edition
include the following:
1. Wording change in Sec. 4.1.2.
xi
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V. Comments. If you have any comments o r questions about this
standard, please call the AWWA Volunteer and Technical Support Group, (303)
794-7711 ext. 6283, FAX (303) 795-7603, or write to the group at 6666 W. Quincy
Ave., Denver, C O 80235.
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xii

American Water Works Association
A N S V A W A C221-O1
(Revision of ANSVAWWA C221-97)
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AWWA STANDARD FOR
FABRICATED STEEL MECHANICAL

SLIP-TYPE EXPANSION JOINT'S
SECTION 1 : GENERAL
Sec. 1.1 Scope
This standard describes fabricated steel mechanical slip-type expansion joints
having packing chambers for use on pipe with plain, flanged, grooved, or shouldered
ends in nominal pipe sizes from 3 in. (75 mm)* through 144 in. (3,600mm). They
shall be manufactured from steel and are intended for use in systems conveying
water.
Sec. 1.2 Purpose

The purpose of this standard is to provide purchasers, manufacturers, and
constructors with the minimum requirements for fabricated steel mechanical slip-
type expansionjoints, including system components, testing, and marking requirements.
Sec. 1.3 Application

This standard can be referenced in specifications for purchasing and receiving
fabricated steel mechanical slip-type expansion joints and can be used as a guide for
inspection and testing. This standard or sections of this standard apply when this
*Metric conversions given in this standard are direct conversions of US customary units and
are not those specified in International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards.

2 AWWAC221-O1
document has been referenced and then only to fabricated steel mechanical slip-type
expansion joints.
SECIION 2: REFERENCES
This standard references the following documents. In their latest editions, they
form a part of this standard to the extent specified within the standard. In any case
of conflict, the requirements of this standard shall prevail.
ANSI*/ASMEt B1.1-Unified Inch Screw Threads.
ANSUASME B1.13M-Metric Screw Threads-M Profile.
ANSUASME B18.2.1-Square and Hex Bolts and Screws Inch Series.
ANSUASME B18.2.2-Square and Hex Nuts.
ANSUASME B18.2.3.6M-Metric Heavy Hex Bolts.
ANSUASME B18.2.4.6M-Metric Heavy Hex Nuts.
ANSUASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section M.
ASTMS A283/A283MCtandard Specification for Low and Intermediate Tensile
Strength Carbon Steel Plates.
ASTM A307-Standard Specification for Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs,
60,000 psi Tensile Strength.
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ASTM A563-Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts.

ASTM A563M-Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
(Metric).
ASTM A666-Standard Specification for Annealed or Cold-worked Austenitic
Stainless Steel Sheet, Strip, Plate, and Flat Bar.
ASTM D395-Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property-Compression Set.
ASTM D412-Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic
Rubbers and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension.
ASTM D572-Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration by Heat A d
Oxygen.
*American Nationai Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., New York,NY 10036.

?American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 3 Park Ave., New York,NY 10016-5990.
#American Society for Testing and Materiais, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959.

FABRICATED STEEL MECHANICAL SLIP-TYPE EXPANSION JOINTS 3
ASTM D1149-Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration-Surface Ozone

Cracking in a Chamber.
ASTM D2000-Standard Classication System for Rubber Products in Automotive
Applications.
ASTM D2240-Standard Test Method for Rubber Property-Durometer
Hardness.
ASTM F568M-Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Externally
Threaded Metric Fasteners.
ASTM F593-Standard Specification for Stainless Steel Bolts, Hex Cap Screws,
and Studs.
ASTM F 5 9 A t a n d a r d Specification for Stainless Steel Nuts.
ASTM F738M-Standa1-d Specification for Stainless Steel Metric Bolts, Screws,
and Studs.
ASTM F836M-Standard Specification for Style 1Stainless Steel Metric Nuts.
AWS* D1.1-Structural Welding Code Steel.
AWS QCl-Standard for AWS Certification of Welding Inspectors.
ANSUAWWA C2OO-Standard for Steel Water Pip-6 In. (150 mm) and Larger.
ANSUAWWA C210-Standard for Liquid-Epoxy Coating Systems for the
Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines.
ANSUAWWA C2134tandard for Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coating for the
Interior and Exterior of Steel Water Pipelines.
ANSUAWWA C218-Standard for Coating the Exterior of Aboveground Steel
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Water Pipelines and Fittings.

ANSUAWWA C2204tandard for Stainless-Steel Pipe, 4 In. (100 mm) and
Larger.
ANSUAWWA C550-Standard for Protective Epoxy Interior Coatings for Valves
and Hydrants.
AWWA Manual Mll-Steel Ppe-A Guide for Design and Installation (1989).
*American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Rd., P.O. Box 351040, Miami, FL 33135.

4 AWWAC221-O1
SECIION 3: DEFINITIONS
The following definitions shall apply in this standard:
1. Actual outside diameter: The pipe outside diameter. The diameter of the
finished product may vary from the actual diameter by the specified tolerances and
coating thickness.
2 . Body: The main housing assembly includes the packing chamber and bolt
ring. One end of the body is attached to the pipeline.
3. Constructor: The party that provides the work and materials for place-
ment or installation.
4. Design pressure: See rated pressure.
5 . Expansion joint: An assembly that allows compensation for axial move-
ment of a water-conveying pipeline. An expansion joint may be single or double
ended, with one slip pipe and packing chamber or t w o slip pipes and packing
chambers, respectively (Figures 1 and 2).
/-Pipe Stop
,--- Packing
Packing Bolts
Limit Rod
w IL Slip Pipe
Limit Ring A
I
Figure 1 Typical expansion joint with limit rods

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~
Packing
Ring
Single End
Expansion Joint
f .LPacking
slip pipe
Limit ,- Limit
Limit Rods
stop
-
Figure 2 Typical expansion joint configurations
6 . Limit ring: A ring or other fixture attached to the slip pipe through which
the limit rods pass.
7. Limit rods: Threaded fasteners used to limit the expansion travel of the
expansion joints when used in series. The limit rods will activate the adjacent
expansion joint when one joint has reached the full limit of its travel (see limit ring).
8 . Manufacturer: The party that manufactures, fabricates, or produces
materials or products.
9. Movement: The amount of pipeline axial expansion or contraction.
10. Nominal pipe size: The commercial designation or dimension by which
pipe is designated for simplicity. This may or may not be the same as the actual
outside diameter.
11. Packing: Alternating elastomeric sealing rings and fiber lubricating rings.
12. Packing bolts: Threaded fasteners used to compress the packing materi-
als of the expansion joint.
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6 AWAC221-O1
13. Packing chamber: A cavity between the body and slip pipe into which the
packing is compressed.
14. Packing ring: A cylinder with bolt ring that, with the packing bolts,
provides a means of compressing the packing. Also referred to as an end ring,
follower, or packing gland.
15. Pipe stop: A means to limit the inward travel of the slip pipes.
16. Purchaser: The person, company, or organization that purchases any
materials or work to be performed.
17. Rated pressure: Maximum sustained operating pressure under normal
operating conditions.
18. Slip pipe: A cylinder that provides a sealing surface for the packing
material. One end is attached to the pipeline and the other end slides in and out of
the body as the pipeline expands and contracts.
19. Transient pressure: Surge or other pressures that exceed normal operat-
ing conditions and are of short duration.
SECTION 4: REQUIREMENTS
Sec. 4.1 Materials of Construction
4.1.1 Body, slip pipe, packing rings, and limit rings.
4.1.1.1 Body, slip pipe, packing rings, and limit rings. Body, slip pipe, pack-
ing rings, and limit rings shall be fabricated using materials of sufficient thickness
and strength to satisfy the minimum design requirements outlined in Sec. 4.2.
Materials of construction shall meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM A283/
A283M,grade C, for carbon steel, or ASTM A666, Type 304L,for stainless steel, or
both. To minimize the possibility of heat sensitization during welding, higher grades
of stainless steel may be used but must be low-carbon or stabilized grades. Bodies
and slip pipes made from mill pipe or tubing shall satisfy the materials requirements
of ANSIIAWWA C200 or ANSUAWWA C220.
4.1.1.2 Additional slip pipe requirements. Slip pipes shall be stainless steel,
stainless steel clad, or chrome plated so that the exterior surface of the cylinder
. sliding in and out of the packing is a sustainable smooth surface. The exterior slip
pipe finish interfacing with the packing material during movement shall have a
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surface finish of 63 pin. (1.6 p)RMS* or smoother or as otherwise specified by the

purchaser.
4.1.2 Packing bolts, limit rods, and nuts. Packing bolts and limit rods shall
meet or exceed the requirements of ASTM A307 or ASTM F568M for carbon steel or
ASTM F593 or ASTM F738M for stainless steel. Nuts shall meet or exceed the
requirements of ASTM 563 or ASTM 563M for carbon steel or ASTM F594 or ASTM
F836M for stainless steel. Stainless steel bolts and nuts may gall, leading to
improper packing compression and leakage. When stainless steel bolting is used,
application of an anti-seize compound is recommended.
4.1.3 Packing material. Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, packing
shall be for water service to 150F (65C).
4.1.3.1 Elastomeric sealing rings. Elastomeric sealing rings shall be made
from natural or synthetic rubber. Reclaimed rubber shall not be used.
4.1.3.1.1 Elastomeric sealing rings shall meet the requirements of ASTM
D2000.
4.1.3.1.2 Elastomeric material shall have the minimum physical properties
shown in Table 1.
4.1.3.2 Fiber lubricating rings. Fiber lubricating rings shall be made *om
natural or synthetic materials and woven to form the lubricating rings. The lubricating
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rings shall be impregnated with a lubricant to meet the requirements of Sec. 4.2.2.4.
Table 1 Minimum physical properties of elastomeric packing
Physical Property Property Value Test Procedure

Durometer hardness Shore "A": 70 &i5 points ASTM D2240
Tensile strength, minimum 1,300 psi (9.0 MPa) ASTM D412
ultimate
Ultimate elongation, minimum 150%of original length ASTM D412
Percent of original tensile and 60% ASTM D572, oxygen pressure method
elongation after aging (96 h r at 122F [50Cl il%at 300 psi &i0
12,068 kPa i 69 Wal)
Maximum compression set 20% ASTM D395, Method B
Resistance to surface ozone No cracking ASTM D1149, after 25 hr minimum exposure in 50
cracking pphm ozone concentration at 104F (40C) on a
loop-mounted gasket with approximately 20%
elongation a t outer surface
*Describes the roughness height as the arithmetical average deviation expressed in micro
inches (pin. RMS).RMS is the root-mean-square average of the roughness height.

8 AWAC221-O1
4.1.3.3 Unless otherwise specified by the purchaser, the connecting ends of the
body and slip pipe shall be within the pipe-end diameter tolerances stated in
Table 2.
Sec. 4.2 Design

4.2.1 General. The packing ring is connected with bolts and nuts or other
types of threaded fasteners. Tightening the fasteners transfers the load through the
packing ring and compresses the packing material into the space between the outside
of the slip pipe, the inside of the body, and the packing ring.
Expansion joints shall be designed t o accommodate axial expansion and
contraction movement in a pipeline. Gradual pipeline movement may occur as a
result of thermal variation, or as a result of ground movement.
Mechanical expansion joints will not accommodate pipe shear, pipe deflection, end
thrust, or lateral pipe movement. Any pipe movement transmitted to the expansion joint
must be axial. To achieve this, proper pipe support and guides shall be used to divide
pipeline(s1into straight, independently expanding or contracting segments. To reduce the
amount of shear to a minimum,the pipe guides or support structures should be placed as
close as possible to the expansion joint end. For ease of maintenance and proper
operation, expansion joints should be installed in an accessible location. Mechanical
expansion joints are not intended for use in a buried condition.
Components of an expansion joint are slip pipe, body, packing ring, packing
chamber with packing, bolts and bolt rings to compress the packing.
The purchaser must provide design information, including actual pipe outside
diameter, wall thickness, rated pressure, transient pressure, temperature ranges,
service, amount of movement anticipated, end preparation of slip pipe and body, and
any other requirements.
Table 2 Pipe-end diameter tolerance
Nominal Pipe Size Tolerance on Actual OD*

(in.) (mm) (in.) (mm)
3 to 116 (80 to S400) a.06 (f1.5)
>16 to 124 b400 to 400) 39.08 (Ei9
>24 to 142 b600 51,050) a.10 (e2.5)
>42 (>1,050) +0.12,-0.06 (+3, -1.5)
*Outside diameter as calculated from a circumferential measurement.
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4.2.2 Wall thickness options.

4.2.2.1 Slip pipe. The cylindrical slip pipe shall be of sufficient thickness to
withstand external pressure caused by packing compression and all other anticipated
forces, including rated pressure. Computed maximum longitudinal bending stress
and maximum circumferential hoop stress shall be combined, and the equivalent
stress shall not exceed the lesser of one third of the minimum specified tensile
strength or two-thirds of the minimum specified yield strength. Packing compression
forces are based on bolt load per the manufacturer?s installation instructions.
4.2.2.2 Body. The cylindrical body and bolt ring shall be of sufficient
thickness to withstand rated pressure and forces caused by bolts under tension.
Computed maximum longitudinal bending stress and maximum circumferential hoop
stress shall be combined, and the equivalent stress shall not exceed the lesser of one-
third of the minimum specified ultimate tensile strength or two-thirds of the
minimum specified yield strength. Bolt tension forces are based on bolt load
according t o the manufacturer?s installation instructions.
4.2.2.3 Packing. Packing material shall be sufficient to form a seal between
the body and slip pipe. Design should be such that the packing chamber is accessible
so that repacking, if required, can be accomplished without removing the expansion
joint from the line. Standard packing shall be as required by Sec. 4.1.3. Other
packing may be used by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer.
4.2.2.4 Packingring. The cylindrical packing ring and bolt ring shall be
sufficient t o resist bolt tension forces determined in Sec. 4.2.2.2. Computed bending
stress and compressive stress in the cylindrical packing ring shall be added together
algebraically, and the total stress shall be less than the minimum specified yield
strength. Bolt tension forces are based on bolt load per the manufacturer?s
installation instructions.
4.2.2.5 Bolting. The size, type, and number of bolts shall be sufficient t o exert
a uniform circumferential force required t o develop a pressure between the packing
and the slip pipe of a minimum 1.5 times the rated pressure.
4.2.2.5.1 Bolts shall be headed or non-headed rod, threaded on both ends.
Bolt heads may include track-head, hexagonal-head, and carriage-head types.
Hexagonal heads shall be heavy hex according t o ANSUASME B18.2.1 o r ANSI/
ASME B18.2.3.6M. Nuts shall conform to ANWASME B18.2.2 or ANSUASME
B18.2.4.6M.
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10 AWWA C221-O1
4.2.2.5.2 Threads. Nuts and bolts shall be threaded according to ANSUASME

B1.1, coarse-thread series o r coarse-pitch metric threads defined in ANSYASME
B1.13M.
4.2.3 Options.
4.2.3.1 Limit rods. When two or more expansion joints are used in series,
limit rods restrained with a stop ring welded to the slip pipe will provide for
movement transfer whereby when one expansion joint has reached its limit of travel,
the balance of the movement will be transferred to the adjacent expansion joint.
Limit rods are not to be used in place of a harness and tie rod assembly and will not
protect against full end thrust.
4.2.3.2 End preparations. Expansion joints can be designed with a variety of
end preparations, including beveled ends (for field welding), flanged, threaded,
grooved, or other kinds of ends, and both ends need not be the same.
4.2.3.3 Expansion joint movement. Specific movement requirements must be
agreed upon before purchase. A typical expansion joint slides out from a closed to
an open position. For example, a difference of l o i n . (254mm) between open and
closed positions will provide a total of 10-in. (254-mm) movement that can be
accommodated by an expansion joint. Depending on ambient conditions, an
expansion joint can be installed at a set length between these two extremes by
calculating proper pipe expansion.
Change o f length of pipeline as a result of thermal change can be calculated by
using the following formula:
AL* = (6.5 X L (At) in., F
AL* = (11.7x L (At) mm, C
Where:
AL= change in length, in inches (millimeters)
L= length, in inches (millimeters)
At= change in temperature, in F (OC)
*For carbon steel.
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For example, for a steel pipeline 1,665-R (507.492-m) long and temperatures
ranging from a minimum of 40F (4.4"C) t o a maximum of 110F (43.3'0, using Eq 1:
Movement Al, = (6.5 x 10") x (1,665 x 12) x (110 - 40)"F = 9.09 in.
Add 10-15 percent to the theoretical value as a safety measure:
A L = 9.09 x 1.1= 10 in. of travel
Using metric units and Eq 1M:

Movement AL = (11.7 x lo4) x (507.492 x 1,000) x (43.3 - 4.4) "C x 1.1= 254
mm of travel
Sec. 4.3 Fabrication

4.3.1 General.
4.3.1.1 Fabrication of expansion joints and expansion joint parts that are
fabricated by welding shall conform to the general fabrication requirements in the
following paragraphs.
4.3.1.2 Each manufacturer or parts manufacturer shall be responsible for the
quality of the welding done by its organization and shall conduct tests, not only of the
welding procedure to determine its suitability t o ensure welds that will meet the
required tests, but also of the welders and welding operators t o determine their
ability to apply the procedure properly.
4.3.2 Welding.
4.3.2.1 Welding procedure qualification. The procedure used in welding
pressure-bearing parts and in joining load-carrying nonpressure parts, such as bolt
rings and lugs, to pressure parts shall be qualified in accordance with AWS D1.l or
ANSUASME Section M or any other code mutually acceptable to the purchaser and
the manufacturer.
4.3.2.2 Welders and welding operators. The welders and welding operators
used in welding pressure-bearing parts and in joining load-carrying nonpressure
parts (attachments) to pressure-bearing parts shall be qualified in accordance with
AWS D1.l or ANSUASME Section M or any other code mutually acceptable to the
purchaser and the manufacturer.
4.3.2.3 Butt-welded joints. Butt-welded joints shall have complete penetra-
tion and full fusion.
4.3.2.4 Weld reinforcement thickness. .The thickness of the weld reinforce-
ment on each face of the weld shall not exceed 3/32 in. (2.4 mm).
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12 AWWA C221-O1
4.3.2.5 Defects. Defects, such as cracks, pinholes, and incomplete fusion

detected visually or by the hydrostatic test, if required, shall be removed by
mechanical means or by thermal gouging processes, after which the joint shall be
rewelded.
4.3.3 Inspection.
4.3.3.1 Visual inspection. All welds shall be visually inspected in accordance
with AWS D1.l, Section 6.9,Visual Inspection, and Table 6.1 for statically loaded
non-tubular connections.
4.3.3.2 Materials. As fabrication progresses, all materials used in the con-
struction shall be examined for imperfections that have become apparent during
fabrication, as well as to determine that the work has been properly performed.
4.3.3.3 Parts. All parts shall be dimensionally examined to make certain that
they conform to the prescribed shape and meet the thickness requirements after
forming. The purchaser shall be satisfied that the above-described dimensional
requirements have been met. This shall include making such dimensional measure-
ments as are considered necessary.
Sec. 4.4 Coatings

4.4.1 Shop coatings. The expansion joint body and packing gland shall
receive an interior and exterior rust-inhibitor shop coating unless otherwise
specified. Hard-chrome plated slip pipes shall be shop coated on all surfaces except
for the chrome plating. Stainless steel slip pipes need not be coated.
4.4.2 Optional coatings. The purchaser may require certain other optional
interior and exterior coatings conforming t o ANSIfAWWA C210,ANSUAWWA C213,
ANSliAWA C218,A N S V A W A C550,or other coatings agreed t o by the purchaser
and the manufacturer. This information shall be provided to the manufacturer at the
time of inquiry and shall include the complete specifications of the desired interior
lining and exterior coating. The thickness of optional lining and coating may be
limited by the working tolerances of the expansion joint components. The purchaser
shall consult the manufacturer t o determine these limitations.
Sec. 4.5 Installation Instructions

The slip pipe must be properly positioned at the time of installation in
accordance with the manufacturers instructions.
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O SECTION 5: VERIFICATION
Sec. 5.1 Inspection
5.1.1 Inspection by the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall establish qual-
ity control and inspection measures necessary to ensure compliance with this
standard.
5.1.1.1 Dimensions. A gauging procedure shall be used to determine the
inside diameter measurement of components t o assure a proper fit between the body
assembly and slip pipe.
5.1.1.2 Material certifications. Material certifications shall be made available
to the purchaser on request. The extent of such certifications shall be indicated by
the purchaser at the time of request. Materials shall comply with the requirements
of Sec. 4.1,except as modified by the purchaser. Materials that do not comply may be
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rejected by the purchaser.
5.1.2 Inspection by the purchaser. If the purchaser desires to inspect the
expansion joint at the manufacturers location, the purchaser shall so specifi.
The purchaser shall have free access to those parts of the manufacturers facility
that are necessary to ensure compliance with this standard. The manufacturer shall
make available for the purchasers use such gauges necessary for inspection. The
manufacturer shall provide the purchaser with assistance, if necessary, in handling
the items t o be inspected.
Sec. 5.2 Quality Assurance

The manufacturer shall maintain a quality assurance program to ensure that
minimum standards are met. It may include a certified welding inspector (AWS &CI)
to verify that welders and welding procedures are qualified, procedures are being
followed within limitations of testing, and quality assurance functions are being
implemented.
Sec. 5.3 Test Procedures

5.3.1 Purchasers proof test. The purchaser may speciS. individual hydrostatic
proof testing. If individual hydrostatic proof testing is required, the assembled
expansion joints shall be tested at a maximum of 1.5 times the rated pressure. The
tests shall be considered successful if no leakage is detected during one hour of
sustained pressure at this level.

14 AWWA C221-O1
To pass this test, the expansion joint must provide a leak-proof seal at the test
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pressure.
5.3.2 Manufacturers proof of design test.
5.3.2.1 Tests required. For proof of design, it may be necessary to hydrostatically
test a complete expansion joint assembly of the largest diameter and highest
pressure rating manufactured.
5.3.2.2 Report. The manufacturer, when requested by the purchaser, shall
provide test data to verifi that the appropriate hydrostatic testing has been
accomplished.
5.3.2.3 Test waiver. In lieu of the tests, manufacturers with at least five
years experience manufacturing slip-type expansion joints shall provide documenta-
tion acceptable to the purchaser that indicates that the manufacturer has success-
fully designed, manufactured, and provided slip-type expansion joints.
5.3.3 Production weld testing.
5.3.3.1 Longitudinal welds. Longitudinal welds shall be tested by non-
destructive testing (ultrasonic, magnetic particle, or dye penetrant), cold expansion of
welded rings beyond the yield point, use of previously tested pipe or tube, or
hydrostatic pressure testing at 1.5 times the rated pressure.
5.3.3.2 Circumferential welds. Circumferential welds shall be tested by non-
destructive methods when required by the purchaser.
Sec. 5.4 Rejection

Expansion joints that fail to meet the provisions of this standard may be
rejected by the purchaser. With agreement between the purchaser and manufacturer,
rejected expansion joints may be repaired and retested or replaced.
SECTION 6: DELIVERY ~ ~
Sec. 6.1 Marking

At the time of shipment from the manufacturer, expansion joints shall be clearly
marked with the following information:
1. Manufacturers model number or type.
2. Pipe size (outside diameter of pipe).
3. Maximum travel or slip-pipe withdrawal.
4. Rated pressure, when requested by the purchaser.

. Sec. 6.2 Packaging and Shipping

Care should be taken t o properly protect expansion joint components from
distortion or other damage during shipment.
Sec. 6.3 Affidavit of Compliance

The purchaser may require an affidavit from the manufacturer that the
material provided according to the purchasers specifications or purchase order
complies with all applicable requirements of this standard.
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1P-7.5M-43221-7/01-CM Printed on recycled paper.


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American Water Works Association

Effective date: Sept. 1,2001.

AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION

Copyright American Water Works Association

American National Standard

Copyright O 2001 by American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

Thomas R.Brown, Chair

D.Y. Bridges, Brico Industries Inc., Atlanta, Ga.

George J.Tupac, Chair

Copyright American Water Works Association

A.L. Linard, Los Angeles Department of Water & Power,

General Interest Members

Ergun Bakall, AKM Consulting Engineers, Irvine, Calif.

H.H. Bardakjian, Ameron Concrete & Steel Pipe, Rancho

Copyright American Water Works Association

found in a particular standard.

SEC. PAGE SEC. PAGE

Foreword 4.3 Fabrication .......................................... 11

Copyright American Water Works Association

or compatibility of the provisions of this standard to any intended application by any

*American National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., New York, NY 10036.

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

AWWA STANDARD FOR

FABRICATED STEEL MECHANICAL

Sec. 1.2 Purpose

Sec. 1.3 Application

Copyright American Water Works Association

ASTM A563-Standard Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts.

*American Nationai Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., New York,NY 10036.

Copyright American Water Works Association

ASTM D1149-Standard Test Method for Rubber Deterioration-Surface Ozone

Water Pipelines and Fittings.

Copyright American Water Works Association

Figure 1 Typical expansion joint with limit rods

Copyright American Water Works Association

FABRICATED STEEL MECHANICAL SLIP-TYPE EXPANSION JOINTS 5

Copyright American Water Works Association

Copyright American Water Works Association

surface finish of 63 pin. (1.6 p)RMS* or smoother or as otherwise specified by the

Table 1 Minimum physical properties of elastomeric packing

Physical Property Property Value Test Procedure

Copyright American Water Works Association

Sec. 4.2 Design

Table 2 Pipe-end diameter tolerance

Nominal Pipe Size Tolerance on Actual OD*

Copyright American Water Works Association

4.2.2 Wall thickness options.

Copyright American Water Works Association

4.2.2.5.2 Threads. Nuts and bolts shall be threaded according to ANSUASME

AL* = (6.5 X L (At) in., F

AL* = (11.7x L (At) mm, C

*For carbon steel.

Copyright American Water Works Association

A L = 9.09 x 1.1= 10 in. of travel

Using metric units and Eq 1M:

Sec. 4.3 Fabrication

Copyright American Water Works Association

4.3.2.5 Defects. Defects, such as cracks, pinholes, and incomplete fusion

Sec. 4.4 Coatings

Sec. 4.5 Installation Instructions