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2.1 STRESS
2.2 TYPES OF STRESSES
2.3 TENSOR
2.3 (a) DUAL SPACE
2.3 (b) STRESS ENERGY TENSOR
2.3 (c ) CAUCHY STRESS TENSOR
2.4 FORMS OF DEFORMATION DUE TO APPLIED LOAD
2.5 MECHANICAL FAILURE MODES
2.6 TYPES OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
2.7 TYPES OF CROSS-SECTIONS USED
2.8 TYPES OF SUPPORTS USED
2.9 STATICAL DETERMINANCY
2.10 STRESS STRAIN DIGRAM
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH
YIELD STRENGTH
FRACTURE STRESS
NECKING
2.11 STRESS CONCENTRATION
2.12 VON MISSES CRITERION
2.13 PLANE STRESS
2.14 PLANE STRAIN
2.15 MOHR STRESS CIRCLE
2.16 PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN MODEL FOR CYLINDERS
Summary
Diagram
Material Properties
Shell & Plate design
Head design
N-1 4`` sch-160
N-2 4`` sch-160 on head
N-1&N-2 Flanges
N-3 1``NPT6000# H.cplg
N-4&N-5 4`` process conn
M-1 12``x16`` MWY on shell
M-2 12``x16`` MWY on Head
Vessel Weight & Volume
Lifting Lugs
CHAPTER NO 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION.
1.2 TYPES OF VESSELS.
1.3 STRESSES IN PRESSURE VESSELS.
1.4 PRESSURE VESSEL SAFETY
1.5 VESSELS IN REFRIGRATION SYSTEM
1.6 FACTOR OF SAFETY
1.7 STRESS ANALYSIS.
1.8 STRESS/FAILURE THEORIES.
1.9 FAILURES IN PRESSURE VESSELS.
1.10 LOADINGS.
1.11 ASME SECTION VIII DIVISION 1
1.12 TYPES AND CLASSES OF STRESS.
1.13 DEFINITIONS.
1.14 WEIGHTS OF PRESSURE VESSEL COMPONENTS
1.15 DESIGN PRINCIPLES.
1.1 INTRODUCTION:-
Definition:
Thinned wall
Thick walled
Storage tanks
Transportable Containers
Propane bottles
Gas cylinders
Thinned wall -
t < 0.1
d
figure1.3 stress distribution in thin walled pressure vessel
Thick walled -
t > 0.1
d
Transportable Containers -
These are the most common pressure vessel and potentially the most
ignored. These are mass produced and require testing every 10-years
for propane and gas.
figure 1.6
FACTOR OF SAFETY:-
Rupture Disks.
Relief Valves.
Safety Valves.
Every device must have a name tag. The name tag must have one of
the following ASME symbols UV [spring loaded over pressurization
device] UD [rupture disk]. The name tag will have the set pressure
and capacity. The set pressure should never be greater than the
pressure vessels MAWP [maximum allowable working pressure].
Safety Valves -
Safety valves are strictly for vapor or gas service. The vapor or gas
should be relatively clean to ensure continued and successful
operation. A typical vapor is steam, an example for gas would be
compressed air. These are not meant for liquids. These valves pop
open at a set pressure and reset at a lower pressure called blow down.
Relief Valves -
Rupture Disks -
SEPARATION ENHANCERS:-
The fig (a) shows drawing inlet flows downward and drawing vapor from the
top.
(b) installation of a metal mesh for mist elimination.
THERMOSYPHON RECEIVERS:-
They are
1. MAXIMUM STRESS THEORY.
2. MAXIMUM SHEAR STRESS THEORY.
CATEGORIES OF FAILURES:-
TYPES OF FAILURES:-
1.10 LOADINGS
1.11 STRESS
ASME CODE , SECTION VIII, DIVISION1
VERSES DIVISION 2:-
1.12 TYPES AND CLASSES OF STRESS
CLASSES OF STRESS:-
1.13 DEFINITIONS
mum design temperature would be the MDMT.
DESIGN LOADS:-
the design.
[3]
CHAPTER NO 2
CONTENTS:
2.1 STRESS
2.2 TYPES OF STRESSES
2.3 TENSOR
2.3 (a) DUAL SPACE
2.3 (b) STRESS ENERGY TENSOR
2.3 (c ) CAUCHY STRESS TENSOR
2.4 FORMS OF DEFORMATION DUE TO APPLIED LOAD
2.5 MECHANICAL FAILURE MODES
2.6 TYPES OF STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
TYPES OF CROSS-SECTIONS USED
2.7 TYPES OF SUPPORTS USED
2.8 STATICAL DETERMINANCY
2.9 STRESS STRAIN DIGRAM
ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH
YIELD STRENGTH
FRACTURE STRESS
NECKING
2.10 STRESS CONCENTRATION
2.11 VON MISSES CRITERION
2.12 PLANE STRESS
2.13 PLANE STRAIN
2.14 MOHR STRESS CIRCLE
2.15 PRESSURE VESSEL DESIGN MODEL FOR CYLINDERS
2.1 STRESS:
UNITS:
The SI unit for stress is the pascal (symbol Pa), which is equivalent to one
newton (force) per square meter (unit area). The unit for stress is the same as
that of pressure, which is also a measure of force per unit area. Engineering
quantities are usually measured in Megapascals (MPa) or gigapascals (GPa).
In imperial units, stress is expressed in pounds-force per square inch (psi) or
kilopounds-force per square inch (ksi). [4]
mathematically;
=F/A
A = UNIT AREA
F = FORCE
Structural and solid body mechanics are concerned with analyzing the effects
of applied loads. These are external to the material of the structure body and
result is internal reacting forces. These internal reacting forces are termed
as stresses, together with the deformations are displacements, conforming to
the principles of Newtonian mechanics.
Both the analysis and design of a given structure involves the determination
of stresses and deformations. [5]
DESCRIPTION:
Equilibrium:
A material body can be acted upon by external forces, which are of two kind:
surface forces and body forces. Surface forces or contact forces act on the
bounding surface as a result of mechanical contact between bodies, and their
intensity is proportional to the area of contact. Body forces, such as
gravitational and magnetic forces, are forces distributed over the volume of a
body, and their intensity is proportional to the mass of the body. Surface
forces can also occur within internal surfaces of a body.
These acting external forces are then transmitted from point to point within
the material body, leading to the generation of internal forces. The
transmission of such forces is governed by the conservation laws of linear and
angular momenta Newton's Second Law of motion. For bodies in static
equilibrium, these laws are related to the principles of equilibrium of forces
and moments, respectively.
The measure of the intensity of this internal forces acting within the material
body across imaginary surfaces is called stress. In other words, stress is a
measure of the average quantity of force exerted per unit area of the surface
on which these internal forces act. For example, if we compare a force applied
to a small area and a distributed load of the same resulting magnitude applied
to a larger area, we find that the effects or intensities of these two forces are
locally different because the stresses are not the same.
figure 2.2
Normal stress is the intensity of forces acting perpendicular to infinitely
small area dA with and object per unit area. If the normal stress acting on dA
pulls on it then it is called as tensile stress whereas if it pushes on the area
then it is called as compressive stress.
Compressive stress:
Compressive stress has stress units (force per unit area), usually with negative
values to indicate the compaction.
normally denoted by
figure 2.5
shear stress is applied parallel or tangential to the face of the material as
opposed to the normal stress which is applied perpendicularly
The plane of a shear stress lies in the plane of the force system from which
it originates.
bearing stresses are created by bolts and pins in the members they connect
normally denoted by
= P / td
where;
P = load
t = thickness of member
d = diameter of pin of bolt
figure 2.7 bearing stress
The applied load divided by the bearing area. Maximum bearing stress is the
maximum load in pounds, sustained by the specimen during the test, divided
by the original bearing area.
For the two force member under axial loading; stress analysis is done by
estimating the normal and shearing stresses in an oblique plane. Secondly
ultimate strength of the material is determined and finally by using the factor
of safety of any component the allowable load for the structural component is
determined.
DISCONTIUITY STRESSES:
Discontinuity stresses occurs in case of compound cylinderscompound
cylinders are used to increase the range of pressure that can be used inside a
cylinder.
Membrane stresses:
Membrane stress in mechanics means the average stress across the cross
section involved
Thermal stresses:
Thermal stresses arises in the material when they are heated and cooled
Principal stresses:
Normal stresses along principal directions are called as principal stresses
Tangential stresses:
tangential stresses occurs in the direction perpendicular to the
circumference
Radial stresses:
radial stress is a stress towards or away from the central axis of the curved
member
Circumferential stresses:
Longitudinal stresses:
2.3 TENSOR
Given a finite set { V1, ... , Vn } of vector spaces over a common field F. One
may form their tensor product V1 ... Vn. An element of this tensor product
is referred to as a tensor.
figure 2.8 stress tensor
1. TENSION
2. COMPRESSION
3. BENDING
4. TWISTING OR TORSION
TENSION:
COMPRESSION:
BENDING:
In the force analysis of frame works the members were only subjected to the
axial force, namely tension or compression then due to the effect transverse
loads acting on the structure, the resulting deformation is called as bending.
Bending is very common in structures and machines i.e, floor joists, railway
axles, aeroplane wings, leaf springs etc.
The external applied loads which cause bending give rise to internal reacting
forces.
TORSION:
BUCKLING
CORROSION
CREEP
FATIQUE
FRACTURE
IMPACT
MECHANICAL OVERLOAD
RUPTURE
THERMAL SHOCK
BUCKLING:
In engineering,
CORROSION:
. In the most common use of the word, this means a loss of electrons of metals
reacting with water and oxygen. Weakening of iron due to oxidation of the
iron atoms is a well-known example of electrochemical corrosion. This is
commonly known as rusting. This type of damage typically produces oxide
and/or salt of the original metal. Corrosion can also refer to other materials
than metals, such as ceramics or polymers. Although in this context, the term
degradation is more common.
Most structural alloys corrode merely from exposure to moisture in the air but
the process can be strongly affected by exposure to certain substances .
Corrosion can be concentrated locally to form a pit or crack, or it can extend
across a wide area to produce general deterioration. While some efforts to
reduce corrosion merely redirect the damage into less visible, less predictable
forms, controlled corrosion treatments such as passivation and chromate-
conversion will increase a material's corrosion resistance.
fig 2.13 effect of oxygen concentration on the corrosion of a material in mm
CREEP:
Creep is more severe in materials that are subjected to heat for long periods,
and near the melting point.
example creep of a turbine blade will cause the blade to contact the casing,
resulting in the failure of the blade.
Unlike brittle fracture, creep deformation does not occur suddenly upon the
application of stress. Instead, strain accumulates as a result of long-term
stress.
In materials science,
fatigue is the progressive and localized structural damage that occurs when
a material is subjected to cyclic loading
The maximum stress values are less than the ultimate tensile stress limit, and
may be below the yield stress limit of the material.
MECHANICAL OVERLOAD:
Examples include the many components which fail in car crashes, train
crashes, and airplane crashes as a result of impact loading. The problem for
the investigator is to determine which failures have been caused by the crash,
and which may have caused the crash. It usually involves examining the
broken parts for signs of fatigue crack growth or other damage to the part
which cannot be attributed to the crash itself. For very large structural failures
such as the collapse of bridges, it is necessarily a long and tedious process of
sifting the broken parts.
THERMAL SHOCK:
Glass and ceramic objects are commonly exposed to this form of failure, due
to their low toughness, low thermal conductivity, and high thermal expansion
coefficients. However, they are used in many high temperature applications
due to their high melting point.
1. TIE:
A vertical member which is perhaps not too slender and supports some of the
mass of the structure is called as column
Column is capable of supporting axial loads
4. CABLE:
A cable is generally recognized term for a flexible string under tension which
connects two bodies
5. BEAM:
6. CANTILEVER BEAM:
A common special case of beam is cantilever beam where one end is fixed
and provides all the necessary support
7. BEAM COLUMN:
The arch has the same function as the beam or beam-column, but is curved
in shape
the filling and carrying of load over an area or space are achieved by flat
slabs or plates by panels and also by shells, which are the curved versions of
the former.
8. SHAFT:
\
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROSS- SECTIONS USED:
2. channel
3. I-section
figure 2.21 I-Section
4. T-section
6. Z-section
figure 2.23
7. Tubes:
figure 2.24 [9]
2.7 TYPES OF SUPPORTS USED FOR STRUCTURAL MEMBERS
one horizontal and one vertical reaction and in case of welded joint 2-
reactions plus one moment in addition
2. pin connection:
4. sliding support
fig 2.28
one horizontal reaction
The separate members of the structure are joined together by bolting, riveting
or welding. If the joints are stiff when the members of the framework were
deformed under load, the angles between the members at the joint would not
change. This would also imply that the joint is capable of transmitting a
couple.
Conditions:
There are three conditions;
Just-stiff: this is the statically determinate case for which there are the
same number of equilibrium equations as unknown forces. If any member
is removed then a part of the whole of the frame will collapse
Over-stiff: this is the statically indeterminate case in which there are more
unknown forces than available equilibrium equations. There is at least one
member more than is required for the frame to be just stiff
However, beyond this point a neck forms where the local cross-sectional area
decreases more quickly than the rest of the sample resulting in an increase in
the true stress. On an engineering stressstrain curve this is seen as a decrease
in the stress. Conversely, if the curve is plotted in terms of true stress and true
strain the stress will continue to rise until failure. Eventually the neck
becomes unstable and the specimen ruptures.
Less ductile materials such as aluminum and medium to high carbon steels
do not have a well-defined yield point.
For these materials the yield strength is typically determined by the "offset
yield method", by which a line is drawn parallel to the linear elastic portion of
the curve and intersecting the abscissa at some arbitrary value (most
commonly 0.2%). The intersection of this line and the stressstrain curve is
reported as the yield point. Also the yield point is how much pressure and
weight a piece of metal can hold before it gets to the elasticity point.
figure 2.30 stress strain diagram for a ductile material
Brittle materials such as concrete and carbon fiber do not have a yield point,
and do not strain-harden which means that the ultimate strength and breaking
strength are the same.. Typical brittle materials like glass do not show any
plastic deformation but fail while the deformation is elastic. One of the
characteristics of a brittle failure is that the two broken parts can be
reassembled to produce the same shape as the original component as there
will not be a neck formation like in the case of ductile materials. A typical
stress strain curve for a brittle material will be linear.
Linear elasticity is the mathematical study of how solid objects deform and
become internally stressed due to prescribed loading conditions..
Prior to the yield point the material will deform elastically and will return to
its original shape when the applied stress is removed. Once the yield point is
passed some fraction of the deformation will be permanent and non-
reversible.
In the three-dimensional space of the principal stresses (1,2,3), an infinite
number of yield points form together a yield surface.
fig 2.32
fig 2.33
Residual stresses are stresses that remain after the original cause of the
stresses (external forces, heat gradient) has been removed.
They remain along a cross section of the component, even without the
external cause. Residual stresses occur for a variety of reasons, including
inelastic deformations and heat treatment.
Example:
Heat from welding may cause localized expansion, which is taken up during
welding by either the molten metal or the placement of parts being welded.
When the finished weldment cools, some areas cool and contract more than
others, leaving residual stresses.
figure 2.36
2.9(j) necking:
The von Mises yield criterion suggests that the yielding of materials begins
when the second deviatoric stress invariant reaches a critical value . For
this reason, it is sometimes called the -plasticity or flow theory. It is part of a
plasticity theory that applies best to ductile materials, such as metals. Prior to
yield, material response is assumed to be elastic.
In material science and engineering the von Mises yield criterion can be also
formulated in terms of the von Mises stress or equivalent tensile stress, , a
scalar stress value that can be computed from the stress tensor. In this case, a
material is said to start yielding when its von Mises stress reaches a critical
value known as the yield strength, . The von Mises stress is used to predict
yielding of materials under any loading condition from results of simple
uniaxial tensile tests. The von Mises stress satisfies the property that two
stress states with equal distortion energy have equal von Mises stress.
A state of plane stress exist when one of the three principal , stresses is zero.
This usually occurs in structural elements where one dimension is very small
compared to the other two, i.e. the element is flat or thin. In this case, the
stresses are negligible with respect to the smaller dimension as they are not
able to develop within the material and are small compared to the in-plane
stresses. Therefore, the face of the element is not acted by loads and the
structural element can be analyzed as two-dimensional, e.g. thin-walled
structures such as plates subject to in-plane loading or thin cylinders subject
to pressure loading.
Figure 2.41
If one dimension is very large compared to the others, the princpal strain
in the direction of the longest dimension is constrained and can be assumed
as zero, yielding a plane strain condition.
In this case, though all principal stresses are non-zero, the principal stress in
the direction of the longest dimension can be disregarded for calculations.
Thus, allowing a two dimensional analysis of stresses, e.g. a dam analyzed at
a cross section loaded by the reservoir.
figure 2.42 plane stress and plane strain
The abscissa , , and ordinate , , of each point on the circle are the normal
stress and shear stress components, respectively, acting on a particular cut
plane with a unit vector with components . In other words, the circumference
of the circle is the locus of points that represent state of stress on individual
planes at all their orientations.
The circle represents all possible states of normal and shear stress on any
plane through a stressed point in a material.
n ( x + y ) = 1/ 2 ( x - y ) cos 2 + xy sin 2
- s = ( x - y ) sin 2 - xy cos 2
[ n ( x + y ) ] ^2 + s ^ 2 = ( x - y ) ^ 2 + xy ^ 2
this the equation of circle of radius
[ 1 /4( x - y ) ^ 2 + xy ^ 2] ^1/2
Figure 2.43
SIGN CONVENTIONS:
The sign conventions used on the circle will be, for normal stress, positive to
right and negative to the left of the origin. Shear stresses which might be
described as trying to cause a clockwise rotation of an element are plotted
above the abscissa axis i.e, positive and shear stresses appearing as
antclockwise rotation are plotted above the axis i.e, negative.
Maximum shear stress:
tan 2 = - ( x - y / 2 xy)
principle stresses and planes:
smax = (1 - 2)
figure 2.44
to obtain the true maximum shear stress for use in design calculations it is
necessary to consider all three principal planes. The three dimensional
element subjected to the principal stresses is considered. The principal stress
3 is zero in this principal case because only plane stress condition is
considered. Considering each of the three principal stresses to be labeled as 1,
2 and 3 it is possible to construct the Mohrs diagram for each. Then the
composite Mohrs diagram is constructed by superimposing these diagrams
then enables the maximum shear stress in the material to be determined.
A
equation A;
CASE STUDY : STRESS ANALYSIS OF THICK WALLED
CYLINDER:
Figure 7. Mohr's circle for a three-dimensional state of stress
CASE STUDY: THIN WALLED THEROY APPLIED TO
CYLINDRICAL ANALYSIS
COMBINED STRESSES IN PRESSURE VESSELS:
elasticity method is used for thick walled pressure vessel it is very difficult
only results are displayed
[13]
CHAPTER # 4
CONTENTS:
Summary
Diagram
Material Properties
Shell & Plate design
Head design
N-1 4`` sch-160
N-2 4`` sch-160 on head
N-1&N-2 Flanges
N-3 1``NPT6000# H.cplg
N-4&N-5 4`` process conn
M-1 12``x16`` MWY on shell
M-2 12``x16`` MWY on Head
Vessel Weight & Volume
Lifting Lugs
Pressure Vessel Design Summary:
PVE Sample Vessels Customer
Sample Vertical Vessel Vessel
Sample 4 Part Number
Sample 4 Drawing
Sample 4 Job
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
46
47
48
1 Pipe and Shell :
2 Rolled Plate Shell Description
Do
3 Options
4 : Interior ip? - Calculate interior pressure
5 No Exterior ep? - Calculate exterior pressure
pr? - Pipe or rolled plate
t
6 Rolled Plate
7 Non-Threaded pt? - Type of pipe
Length
No relief? - Stress Relief Calculations
Long Seam
8
Required
9 Dimensions
10 : 60.000 Do [in] - outside diameter
11 0.5000 t [in] - nominal wall thickness
12 0.094 tminUG16b [in] - minimum wall per UG-
13 120.000 16(b)
14 0.125 L [in] - length for volume and weight
Corr [in] - corrosion allowance
15 Material and
16 Conditions:
SA-516 70 Material
17 20,000 S [psi] - allowable stress level
18 0.70 El - longitudinal efficiency (circ. stress)
19 0.70 Ec - circ. connecting efficiency (longitudinal
20 0.000% stress)
21 0.000 UTP [%] - undertolerance allowance
22 155.20 UTI [in] - undertolerance allowance
P [psi] - interior pressure
23 Stress Classification:
24 NOTE: Both validity checks need to be "Acceptable" in order to use this sheet
25 If not, refer to sheet "Thick Cylindrical Shell"
26 ckValidity1 = tmin < 0.5*(Do/2) 0.331 < 0.5*(60/2) = Acceptable
27 ckValidity2 = P< 0.385*S*El 155.2< 0.385*20000*0.7 = Acceptable
28 Variables
29 : Td = 0.000 0= 0.000
30 UT [in] = t*UTP+UTI 0.5*0+0 = 0.000
31 nt [in] = t-Corr-UT-Td 0.5-0.125-0-0 = 0.375
32 Ri [in] = Do/2-nt 60/2-0.375 = 29.625
33 Volume [cuft] = ((Do/2-t)^2)* *L/1728 ((60/2-0.5)^2)*3.1416*120/1728 = 189.859
Weight [lb] = (Do-t)* *L*t*40.84/144
34 (60-0.5)*3.1416*120*0.5*40.84/144 = 3180.84
35 Interior Pressure: VIII-1 UG-27(c)(1,2)
36 ta [in] = P*Ri/(S*El-0.6*P) 155.2*29.625/(20000*0.7-0.6*155.2) = 0.331
37 tb [in] = P*Ri/(2*S*Ec+0.4*P) 155.2*29.625/(2*20000*0.7+0.4*155.2) = 0.164
38 tmin [in] = MAX(ta,tb,tminUG16b) MAX(0.331,0.164,0.094) = 0.331
39 tr1 [in] = P*Ri/(S*1-0.6*P) 155.2*29.625/(20000*1-0.6*155.2) = 0.231
40 Checkt = tmin <= nt 0.331 <= 0.375 = Acceptable
41 PMaxA [psi] = (S*El*nt)/(Ri+0.6*nt) (20000*0.7*0.375)/(29.625+0.6*0.375) = 176
42 PMaxB [psi] = (2*S*Ec*nt)/(Ri-0.4*nt) (2*20000*0.7*0.375)/(29.625-0.4*0.375) = 356
43 PMax [psi] = Min(PMaxA,PMaxB) MIN(176,356) = 176
44 CheckP = PMax >= P 176 >= 155.2 = Acceptable
39 Heads : Torispherical
40
44 Dimensions
45 : 60.000 <- Do, outside diameter
48 60.000 <- L, inside crown radius
49 3.600 <- IKR, inside knuckle radius
51 0.750 <- tb, thickness before forming
53 0.675 <- tf, thickness after forming
54 0.094 <- tminUG16(b) - Min.t. Per UG-16(b)
55 0.125 <- Corr, corrosion allowance
56 1.500 <- Skirt, straight skirt length
57
58 Material and
59 Conditions:
SA-516 70 <- material
60 20,000 <- S, allowable stress level
61 0.85 (psi)
65 155.2 <- E, efficiency
66 0.0 <- P, interior pressure
69
<- Pa, exterior pressure
70 Calculated
74 Properties:
68.7 <- Approx. blank dia (inch) 11.66 <- Volume (cuft, includes skirt)
75 789.5 <- Approx. weight (lbs, steel) 54.574 <- Spherical Limit
76 9.770153 <- Depth of Head
78
115 Variables
116 : D= Do-2*t = 60-2*0.55 D= 58.90
123 t= tf-corr = 0.675-0.125 t= 0.55
125 L /r = L/IKR = 60/3.6 L /r = 16.66
126 M= 0.25*(3+sqrt(L/ikr)) = 0.25*(3+sqrt(60/3.6)) M= 7
128 Ro = L + tb = 60 + 0.75 Ro = 1.771
131
60.75
134 Interior Pressure App 1-4(a), App 1-4(d):
137 App. 1-4(a) check: 0.0005 =< tf/L < 0.002 = 0.0005=<0.675/60<0.002 tf/L = 0.0113
138 IF(tf/L<0.002,IF(tf/L>=0.0005,"Calculation required","Error"),"Calculation not required") App. 1-4(f) calculation not required
141 TMinI = (P*L*M)/(2*S*E - 0.2*P) <= t TminI = 0.485
142 = (155.197*60*1.771)/(2*20000*0.85 - 0.2*155.197) <= 0.55
146 TMin = Max(Tminl,tminUG16(b))<=tf-corr Acceptable TMin = 0.485
149 PMax = (2*S*E*t)/(L*M + 0.2*t) >= P (2*20000*0.85*0.55)/ Acceptable PMax = 175.8
150 = (60*1.771 + 0.2*0.55) >= 155.197
153
157 Interior Pressure for Nozzles App 1-4(a), App 1-4(d), UG-37(a)
158 (1): TMinE1 = (P*L*M)/(2*S*1 - 0.2*P) <= t (Nozzle in Knuckle) TMinE1 0.413
159 = (155.197*60*1.771)/(2*20000*1 - 0.2*155.197) <==0.55
165 TSp = (P*L*1)/(2*S*1 - 0.2*P) (155.197*60*1)/ (Nozzle in Crown) Tsp = 0.233
166 = (2*20000*1 - 0.2*155.197)
167
Nozzle
42 0.125 (E=1)
43 0.094 <- sca, shell corrosion allowance
44 Nozzle <- tmin16b, Min allowed wall per UG-16(b) Leg41
45 : SA-106B <- Nozzle Material
46 17,100 <- Sn, allowable stress level Vt
47 17,600 <-(Sn)
B, from A = 0.09590
48 1.00 <- E, nozzle
49 155.20 <-efficiency
P, internal design pressure
50 0.0 <- Pa, external design pressure UW-16.1 (c)
51 4.500 <- Do, outside diameter
54 0.531 <- Nt, wall thick, uncorroded
55 12.5% <- UTp, undertolerance (%)
57 0.125 <- nca, nozzle corrosion
58 6.000 allowance
61 Reinforcing <- L, exterior Projection
71 : 0.375 <- Leg41, size of weld
74 1.000 fillet
87 Variables: <- F
88 UT = Nt*UTp = 0.531 * 0.125 Undertolerance UT = 0.066
90 Rn = Do/2 - (Nt-nca) + UT = 4.5/2 - (0.531-0.125) + 0.066 Effective Radius Rn = 1.910
95 t = Vt-sca = 0.5 - 0.125 Effective Shell Thickness t = 0.375
101 tn = Nt-nca Do- = 0.531-0.125 Avail. Nozzle Thick. No UT tn = 0.406
102 d = 2*tn = 4.5 - 2*0.406 Opening Dia. d = 3.688
108 fr1 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1) = MIN(17100/20000, 1) fr1 = 0.855
111 fr2 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1) = MIN(17100/20000, 1) fr2 = 0.855
127 tcLeg41 = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,tn,t) = tc41 = 0.250
133 F = ) Min(Fenterered, 1) Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,0.406,0.375)) F = 1.000
141 Pipe Required Wall Thickness - trn from internal, trnE from external
142 pressure LDo = L/Do LDo = Dot = Do/trnE Dot = 0.000
143 1.333
trn = (P*Rn)/(Sn*E - 0.6*P) <= tn-UT = (155.2*1.91)/(17100*1 - 0.6*155.2) trn = 0.017 Acceptable
145 trnR = (P*Rn)/(Sn*1 - 0.6*P) = (155.2*1.91)/(17100*1 - 0.6*155.2) E=1 trnR = 0.017
146 trnE = (3*Do*Pa)/(4*B) <= tn-ut = (3*4.5*0)/(4*17600) trnE = 0.000 Acceptable
148 Geometry Constraints:
149 0.7*Leg41 >= tc41 0.7*0.375 >= 0.25 0.263 >= 0.250 Acceptable
180 Appendix 1-7 Necessary
181 CheckDs>60,if(2*Rn<=Ds/3,if(2*Rn<=40, "App. 1-7 calculations not required","App. 1-7 calculations required"),"App. 1-7 calculations
when
182 required")
183 when Ds<=60,if(2*Rn<Ds/2,if(2*Rn<20,"App. 1-7 calculations not required","App. 1-7 calculations required"),"App. 1-7 calculations required")
207 Area Replacement: Fig UG- App. 1-7 calculations
Pressure From:not Internal
required External
208 37.1 A = 1.0*d*tr*F + 2*tn*tr*F*(1-fr1) A Required (internal) 0.879
209 = 1.0*3.688*0.231*1 + 2*0.406*0.231*1*(1- =
212 Ae = 0.855)
0.5*(d*trE*1 + 2*tn*trE*1*(1- = 0.5*(3.688*0*1 + 2*0.406*0*1*(1- A Required (external) = 0.000
215 fr1))
A1 = max(d, 0.855))
2*(t+tn)) * (E1*t-F*tr)-2*tn*(E1*t-F*tr)*(1-fr1) A1 = 0.514
216 = max(3.688,2*(0.375+0.406))* (1*0.375-1*0.231)-2*0.406*(1*0.375-1*0.231)*(1-
219 A1e = 0.855) A1e = 1.339
220 = max(d, 2*(t+tn)) * (E1*t-F*trE)-2*tn*(E1*t-F*trE)*(1-fr1)
225 A2 = max(3.688,2*(0.375+0.406))* (1*0.375-1*0)-2*0.406*(1*0.375-1*0)*(1- A2 = 0.623
226 = 0.855) min((tn-trnR)*fr2*Min(5*t,2*L) , (tn-trnR)*fr2*Min(5*tn,2*L))
230 A2e = min((0.406-0.017)*0.855*Min(5*0.375,2*6) , (0.406-0.017)*0.855*Min(5*0.406,2*6)) A2e = 0.651
231 = min((tn-trnE)*fr2*Min(5*t,2*L) , (tn-trnE)*fr2*Min(5*tn,2*L))
240 A41 = Leg41^2*fr2
min((0.406-0)*0.855*Min(5*0.375,2*6) = , (0.406-0)*0.855*Min(5*0.406,2*6)) A41 = 0.120 0.120
249 0.375^2*0.855 Actual Area = 1.257 2.110
250 Acceptable Actual-Required = 0.378 2.110
331 Tstd = Standard pipe wall thickness from Tstd =0.237
332 Swre = chart
tr * Pa / P = 0.231 * 0 / Req. Exterior pressure Swre = 0.000
333 Nact = Nt * (1-UTp) 155.197 Actual Wall Thick. Nact = 0.465
334 Tt = 0.8/Nth = 0.531 * (1-0.125) Ug-31(c)(2) threads Tt =0.000
335 UG-45 = 0.8/0 Acceptable
336 UG45 = Max(UG45a, UG45b) <= = Max(0.142, 0.332) <= 0.465 UG45 = 0.332
337 UG45a = Nact Max(trn,trnE) + Nca + Tt = Max(0.017,0) + 0.125 + 0 UG45a = 0.142
338 UG45b = Min(UG45b3,UG45b4) = Min(0.356, 0.332) UG45b = 0.332
339 UG45b1 = Max(tr + Sca, tmin16b + Sca) = Max(0.231 + 0.125, 0.094 + UG45b1 = 0.356
340 UG45b2 = Max(Swre + Sca,tmin16b + 0.125) UG45b2 =
341 UG45b3 = Sca) Max(UG45b1,UG45b2) = Max(0 + 0.125,0.094 + 0.125) UG45b3 = 0.356
342 UG45b4 = Tstd*0.875 + Nca = Max(0.356,) UG45b4 = 0.332
= 0.237*0.875 + 0.125
30 Nozzle Reinforcement
31 Automatic dh - not hillside
22 Sample Vertical Vessel <- Vessel Automatic Limit Diameter
33 N2 - 4" SCH 160 Pipe on Bot. Head <- Description Curved Shell or Head Section
34 Shell:
35 SA-516 70 <- Shell Material
36 20,000 <- Sv, shell allowable stress level, PSI Do
37 1.00 <- E1, efficiency of shell at nozzle
39 0.500 <- Vt, shell wall thick, uncorroded, UT removed Nt
40 0.233 <- tr, required shell wall thickness int. press.(E=1)
41 0.000 <- trE, required shell wall thickness ext. press.(E=1) t
0.125 <- sca, shell corrosion allowance
42
Leg41
0.094 <- tmin16b, Min allowed wall per UG-16(b)
Nozzle
43
44 Nozzle:
45 SA-106B <- Nozzle Material Leg41 Shell
46 17,100 <- Sn, allowable stress level (Sn)
47 17,600 <- B, from A = 0.09590 Vt
48 1.00 <- E, nozzle efficiency
49 155.20 <- P, internal design pressure
50 0.0 <- Pa, external design pressure
51 4.500 <- Do, outside diameter UW-16.1 (c)
54 0.531 <- Nt, wall thick, uncorroded
55 12.5% <- UTp, undertolerance (%)
57 0.125 <- nca, nozzle corrosion allowance
58 6.000 <- L, exterior Projection
61 Reinforcing:
71 0.375 <- Leg41, size of weld fillet
74 1.000 <- F
87 Variables:
88 UT = Nt*UTp = 0.531 * 0.125 Undertolerance UT = 0.066
90 Rn = Do/2 - (Nt-nca) + UT = 4.5/2 - (0.531-0.125) + 0.066 Effective Radius Rn = 1.910
95 t = Vt-sca = 0.5 - 0.125 Effective Shell Thickness t= 0.375
101 tn = Nt-nca Do- = 0.531-0.125 Avail. Nozzle Thick. No UT tn = 0.406
102 d = 2*tn = 4.5 - 2*0.406 Opening Dia. d= 3.688
108 fr1 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1) = MIN(17100/20000, 1) fr1 = 0.855
111 fr2 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1) = MIN(17100/20000, 1) fr2 = 0.855
127 tcLeg41 = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,tn,t)) = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,0.406,0.375)) tc41 = 0.250
133 F = Min(Fenterered, 1) F= 1.000
141 Pipe Required Wall Thickness - trn from internal, trnE from external pressure
142 LDo = L/Do LDo = 1.333 Dot = Do/trnE Dot = 0.000
143 trn = (P*Rn)/(Sn*E - 0.6*P) <= tn-UT = (155.2*1.91)/(17100*1 - 0.6*155.2) trn = 0.017 Acceptable
145 trnR = (P*Rn)/(Sn*1 - 0.6*P) = (155.2*1.91)/(17100*1 - 0.6*155.2) E=1 trnR = 0.017
146 trnE = (3*Do*Pa)/(4*B) <= tn-ut = (3*4.5*0)/(4*17600) trnE = 0.000 Acceptable
148 Geometry Constraints:
149 0.7*Leg41 >= tc41 0.7*0.375 >= 0.25 0.263 >= 0.250 Acceptable
207 Area Replacement: Fig UG-37.1 Pressure From: Internal External
208 A = 1.0*d*tr*F + 2*tn*tr*F*(1-fr1) A Required (internal) = 0.887
209 = 1.0*3.688*0.233*1 + 2*0.406*0.233*1*(1-0.855)
212 Ae = 0.5*(d*trE*1 + 2*tn*trE*1*(1-fr1)) = 0.5*(3.688*0*1 + 2*0.406*0*1*(1-0.855)) A Requi red (external) = 0.000
215 A1 = max(d, 2*(t+tn)) * (E1*t-F*tr)-2*tn*(E1*t-F*tr)*(1-fr1) A1 = 0.507
216 = max(3.688,2*(0.375+0.406))* (1*0.375-1*0.233)-2*0.406*(1*0.375-1*0.233)*(1-0.855)
219 A1e = max(d, 2*(t+tn)) * (E1*t-F*trE)-2*tn*(E1*t-F*trE)*(1-fr1) A1e = 1.339
220 = max(3.688,2*(0.375+0.406))* (1*0.375-1*0)-2*0.406*(1*0.375-1*0)*(1-0.855)
225 A2 = min((tn-trnR)*fr2*Min(5*t,2*L) , (tn-trnR)*fr2*Min(5*tn,2*L)) A2 = 0.623
226 = min((0.406-0.017)*0.855*Min(5*0.375,2*6) , (0.406-0.017)*0.855*Min(5*0.406,2*6))
230 A2e = min((tn-trnE)*fr2*Min(5*t,2*L) , (tn-trnE)*fr2*Min(5*tn,2*L)) A2e = 0.651
231 = min((0.406-0)*0.855*Min(5*0.375,2*6) , (0.406-0)*0.855*Min(5*0.406,2*6))
240 A41 = Leg41^2*fr2 = 0.375^2*0.855 A41 = 0.120 0.120
249 Actual Area = 1.250 2.110
250 Acceptable Actual-Required = 0.364 2.110
331 Tstd = Standard pipe wall thickness from chart Tstd = 0.237
332 Swre = tr * Pa / P = 0.233 * 0 / 155.197 Req. Exterior pressure Swre = 0.000
333 Nact = Nt * (1-UTp) = 0.531 * (1-0.125) Actual Wall Thick. Nact = 0.465
334 Tt = 0.8/Nth = 0.8/0 Ug-31(c)(2) threads Tt = 0.000
335 UG-45 Acceptable
336 UG45 = Max(UG45a, UG45b) <= Nact = Max(0.142, 0.332) <= 0.465 UG45 = 0.332
337 UG45a = Max(trn,trnE) + Nca + Tt = Max(0.017,0) + 0.125 + 0 UG45a = 0.142
338 UG45b = Min(UG45b3,UG45b4) = Min(0.358, 0.332) UG45b = 0.332
339 UG45b1 = Max(tr + Sca, tmin16b + Sca) = Max(0.233 + 0.125, 0.094 + 0.125) UG45b1 = 0.358
340 UG45b2 = Max(Swre + Sca,tmin16b + Sca) = Max(0 + 0.125,0.094 + 0.125) UG45b2 =
341 UG45b3 = Max(UG45b1,UG45b2) = Max(0.358,) UG45b3 = 0.358
342 UG45b4 = Tstd*0.875 + Nca = 0.237*0.875 + 0.125 UG45b4 = 0.332
18 B16.5/16.47 Flange SlipOn
19
20
24Select
Flange
25 SA <- Category
26 Forged <- Material Type
27 SA 105 <- Material
28 150 <- Pressure Class
29 4.00 <- Nominal Size
31
32 Nominal - C-Si
33 Table - 2-1.1
34 Max Temp F - 1000
35 Pod, pipe OD - 4.50
36
0
Nozzle
37 0.531 <- tn, Nozzle Wall Thickness (inch)
38 0.017 <- tnr, Required Nozzle Wall Thickness
39 (inch)
Operating
40 Acceptable
Conditions
41 120 <- T, temperature F Max press @100F [p1] 285
42 155.2 <- P, pressure, psig Max press @120F [p2] 280
43 0.125 <- Corr, corrosion allowance
44
Flange
45
Welds:
47 0.531 <- F1, pipe fillet size
48 0.531 <- F2, flange fillet size F2
49 17100 <- Sp, allowable stress, pipe
50 20000 <- Sf, allowable stress, flange
53
68 Weld
Strength:
69 Min Sa = MIN(Sp,Sf) = MIN(17100,20000) Min Sa = 17,10
70 Max Weld Stress = Sa * 0.49 = 17100 * 0.49 Max S = 0
8,379
72 Weld Load = POD^2*pi*P/4 = 4.5^2*pi*155.197/4 Load = 2,468
74 Weld Area = Pod*pi*(F1-corr + F2) Area = 13.24
75 = 4.5*pi*(0.531-0.125 + 0.531) 7
78 Weld Stress = Load/Area = 2468.305/13.247 Stress = 186
79 Acceptable
81
82
83
15 Coupling UW16.1Z1M
16
109
30 Nozzle Reinforcement UG40(a-2) <- SavedDesign
31 Automatic dh - not hillside
22 Sample Vertical Vessel <- Vessel Automatic Limit Diameter
33 N4 & N5 - 4" Double Sided Flange Pad <- Description Curved Shell or Head Section
34 Shell:
35 SA-516 70 <- Shell Material
36 20,000 <- Sv, shell allowable stress level, PSI Full
F
t Penn.
37 1.00 <- E1, efficiency of shell at nozzle Dp
Leg42
39 0.500 <- Vt, shell wall thick, uncorroded, UT removed
40 0.231 <- tr, required shell wall thickness int. press.(E=1) Leg42 Shell
41 0.000 <- trE, required shell wall thickness ext. press.(E=1) tp
42 0.125 <- sca, shell corrosion allowance di Vt
49 155.20 <- P, internal design pressure
57 0.125 <- nca, nozzle corrosion allowance
62 Flange Pad: UG-40 (a-2)
64 SA-240 316 <- Flange Pad Material
65 20,000 <- Sp, allowable stress level
66 9.000 <- Dp, outside diameter
67 4.500 <- di, inside (uncorroded)
70 1.500 <- tp, pad thick
72 0.500 <- Leg42, size of weld fillet
74 1.000 <- F
77 5.500 <- GOD - gasket OD
78 4.500 <- GID - gasket ID
79 3.000 <- m - gasket factor
80 1,800 <- gy - gasket factor y
81 7.500 <- varC - bolt circle dia
82 0.625 <- BoltOD, bolt size
83 8 <- Nbolt, number of bolts
84 1.000 <- DepthT, depth of bolt holes
85 25,000 <- Sb - allowable bolt stress at DESIGN temp
86 25,000 <- Sba - allowable bolt stress at ASSEMBLY temp
87 Variables:
91 Dp = Min(2*d,DpEntered) = Min(2*4.75,9) Effective Reinforcing Dp = 9.000
95 t = Vt-sca = 0.5 - 0.125 Effective Shell Thickness t= 0.375
98 te = tp-Vt = 1.5-0.5 Effective Reinf. Thick. te = 1.000
104 d = di+2*nca = 4.5 - 2 * 0.125 Finished Opening Dia. d= 4.750
112 fr2 = MIN(Sp/Sv,1) = MIN(20000/20000, 1) fr2 = 1.000
115 fr4 = MIN(Sp/Sv,1) = MIN(20000/20000,1) fr4 = 1.000
119 varN = (GOD-GID)/2 = (5.5-4.5)/2 Gasket Width in Contact varN = 0.500
120 b0 = varN / 2 = 0.5 / 2 gasket seating width b0 = 0.250
121 varb = min(Sqrt(b0)/2,b0) = min(Sqrt(0.25)/2,0.25) eff seating width varb = 0.250
122 varG = max(GOD-2*varb,(GOD-GID)/2 + GID) gasket load reaction diameter varG = 5.000
123 = max(5.5-2*0.25,(5.5-4.5)/2 + 4.5)
124 Ro = Dp/2 = 9/2 Ro = 4.500
130 tcLeg42 = Min(0.25,0.7*MIN(0.75,te,t)) = Min(0.25,0.7*MIN(0.75,1,0.375)) tc42 = 0.250
133 F = Min(Fenterered, 1) F = 1.000
148 Geometry Constraints:
156 0.7*Leg42 >= tc42 0.7*0.5 >= 0.25 0.350 >= 0.250 Acceptable
185 Bolt Loads:
199 H = 0.785*varG^2*P = 0.785*5^2*155.197 end load H= 3046
200 HP = 2*varb*3.14*varG*m*P = 2*0.25*3.14*5*3*155.197 contact loadHP = 3655
201 HD = pi/4 * di^2 * P = pi/4 * 4.5^2 * 155.197 end load HD = 2468
202 HT = H - HD = 3046 - 2468 face load HT = 577
203 Wm1 = H + HP pi*varb*varG*gy = 3046 + 3655 bolt load Wm1 = 6701
204 Wm2 = max(Wm1/Sb, Wm2/Sa) = pi*0.25*5*1800 seating load Wm2 = 7069
205 Am = Root*Nbolt >= Am = max(6701/25000, 7069/25000) req bolt area Am = 0.283
206 Ab = = 0.207*8 Acceptable Ab = 1.656
207 Area Replacement: Fig UG-37.1 Pressure From: Internal External
210 A = 1.0*d*tr*F = 1.0*4.75*0.231*1 A Required (internal) = 1.097
213 Ae = 0.5*d*trE*1 = 0.5*4.75*0*1 A Required (external) = 0.000
217 A1 = (d)* (E1*t-F*tr) = (4.75) * (1*0.38-1*0.23) A1 = 0.684
221 A1e = (d) * (Eone*t-F*trE) = (4.75) * (1*0.375-1*0) A1e = 1.781
237 A5 = ((Dp - d)te-BoltOD*DepthT*2)*fr4 = ((9-4.75)*1-0.625*1*2)*1 A5 = 3.000 3.000
245 A42 = Leg42^2*fr2 = 0.5^2*1 A42 = 0.250 0.250
249 Actual Area = 3.934 5.031
250 Acceptable Actual-Required = 2.895 5.031
1 Flange
2 ASME VIII Div I Appendix 2
3 N4 & N5 - 4" Process Connections Description
4 Dimensions hG
Nozzle
43 0.094 <- tmin16b, Min allowed wall per UG-16(b) Ring te
44 Nozzle:
45 SA-106B <- Nozzle Material g Vt
Shell
46 17,100 <- Sn, allowable stress level (Sn)
47 17,600 <- B, from A = 0.09590 Proj
48 1.00 <- E, nozzle efficiency Dp
49 155.20 <- P, internal design pressure
Weld to connect
50 0.0 <- Pa, external design pressure t to reinforcing pad
51 17.500 <- Do, outside diameter
Leg43
54 0.750 <- Nt, wall thick, uncorroded
55 0.0% <- UTp, undertolerance (%) UW-16.1 (h)
57 0.000 <- nca, nozzle corrosion allowance
58 1.500 <- L, exterior Projection
59 0.750 <- Ip, interior projection
61 Reinforcing:
63 SA-516 70 <- Reinforcing plate material At least one telltale hole (max. size NPS 1/4 tap) in repad required
65 20,000 <- Sp, allowable stress level
66 21.500 <- Dp, outside diameter
69 0.500 <- te, reinforcement thick
71 0.500 <- Leg41, size of weld fillet
72 0.375 <- Leg42, size of weld fillet
73 0.375 <- Leg43, size of weld fillet
75 0.675 <- LegG, depth of groove
87 Variables:
88 UT = Nt*UTp = 0.75 * 0 Undertolerance UT = 0.000
90 Rn = Do/2 - (Nt-nca) + UT = 17.5/2 - (0.75-0) + 0 Effective Radius Rn = 8.000
91 Dp = Min(2*d,DpEntered) = Min(2*16,21.5) Effective Reinforcing Dp = 21.500
95 t = Vt-sca = 0.675 - 0.125 Effective Shell Thickness t = 0.550
96 ti = Nt-2*nca = 0.75 - 2 * 0 Nom Thick of Int. Proj. ti = 0.750
97 te = teEntered Effective Reinf. Thick. te = 0.500
101 tn = Nt-nca = 0.75-0 Avail. Nozzle Thick. No UT tn = 0.750
102 d = Do-2*tn = 17.5 - 2*0.75 Opening Dia. d = 16.000
108 fr1 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1) = MIN(17100/20000, 1) fr1 = 0.855
111 fr2 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1) = MIN(17100/20000, 1) fr2 = 0.855
114 fr3 = MIN(Sn/Sv,Sp/Sv,1) = MIN(17100/20000, 20000/20000,1) fr3 = 0.855
115 fr4 = MIN(Sp/Sv,1) = MIN(20000/20000,1) fr4 = 1.000
126 h = MIN(Ip-sca,2.5*t,2.5*ti) = MIN(0.75-0.125,2.5*0.55,2.5*0.75) h = 0.625
131 tcLeg43 = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,t,tn)) = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,0.55,0.75)) tc43 = 0.250
132 F = 1.000 F = 1.000
141 Pipe Required Wall Thickness - trn from internal, trnE from external pressure
143 trn = (P*Rn)/(Sn*E - 0.6*P) <= tn-UT = (155.2*8)/(17100*1 - 0.6*155.2) trn = 0.073 Acceptable
145 trnR = (P*Rn)/(Sn*1 - 0.6*P) = (155.2*8)/(17100*1 - 0.6*155.2) E=1 trnR = 0.073
146 trnE = (3*Do*Pa)/(4*B) <= tn-ut = (3*17.5*0)/(4*17600) trnE = 0.000 Acceptable
148 Geometry Constraints:
151 0.7*Leg41 >= 0.7*min(0.75,te,tn) 0.7*0.5 >= 0.7*Min(0.75,0.5,0.75) 0.350 >= 0.350 Acceptable
155 0.7*Leg42 >= 0.5*Min(0.75,te,t) 0.7*0.375 >= 0.5*Min(0.75,0.5,0.55) 0.263 >= 0.250 Acceptable
158 0.7*Leg43-nca >= tc43 0.7*0.375-0 >= 0.25 0.263 >= 0.250 Acceptable
171
175
M1 - 12" x 16" Manway on Head c/w 3" x 3/4" Ring Pressure From:
207 A Required (internal) = Internal External
Area Replacement: Fig UG-37.1
208 A = 1.0*d*tr*F + 2*tn*tr*F*(1-fr1) 6.690
209 = 1.0*16*0.413*1 + 2*0.75*0.413*1*(1-0.855)
212 Ae = 0.5*(d*trE*1 + 2*tn*trE*1*(1-fr1)) = 0.5*(16*0*1 + 2*0.75*0*1*(1-0.855)) A Requi red (external) = 0.000
215 A1 = max(d, 2*(t+tn)) * (E1*t-F*tr)-2*tn*(E1*t-F*tr)*(1-fr1) A1 = 2.170
216 = max(16,2*(0.55+0.75))* (1*0.55-1*0.413)-2*0.75*(1*0.55-1*0.413)*(1-0.855)
219 A1e = max(d, 2*(t+tn)) * (E1*t-F*trE)-2*tn*(E1*t-F*trE)*(1-fr1) A1e = 8.680
220 = max(16,2*(0.55+0.75))* (1*0.55-1*0)-2*0.75*(1*0.55-1*0)*(1-0.855)
223 A2 = min((tn-trnR)*fr2*min(5*t,2*L) , (tn-trnR)*(Min(2.5*tn+te,L)*fr2*2) A2 = 1.592
224 = min((0.75-0.073)*0.855*min(5*0.55,2*1.5) , (0.75-0.073)*(Min(2.5*0.75+0.5,2*1.5)*0.855*2)
228 A2e = min((tn-trnE)*fr2*Min(5*t,2*L) , 2*(tn-trnE)*Min(2.5*tn+te,L)*fr2) A2e = 1.763
229 = min((0.75-0)*0.855*Min(5*0.55,2*1.5) , 2*(0.75-0)*Min(2.5*0.75+0.5,1.5)*0.855)
233 A3 = Min(5*t*ti*fr2, 5*ti*ti*fr2, 2*h*ti*fr2) A3 = 0.802 0.802
234 = Min(5*0.55*0.75*0.855, 5*0.75*0.75*0.855, 2*0.625*0.75*0.855)
236 A5 = (Dp - d - 2tn)te*fr4 =(21.5 - 16 - 2*0.75)*0.5*1 A5 = 2.000 2.000
241 A41 = Leg41^2*fr3 A41 = 0.5^2*0.855 A41 = 0.214 0.214
244 A42 = Leg42^2*fr4 A42 = 0.375^2*1 A42 = 0.141 0.141
247 A43 = (Leg43-nca)^2*fr2 = (0.375-0)^2*0.855 A43 = 0.120 0.120
249 Actual Area = 7.038 13.720
250 Acceptable Actual-Required = 0.348 13.720
256 Internal Weld Load: (UG-41)
257 WmaxI = (A - A1 + 2*Tn*Fr1*(E1*t-F*tr))*Sv, min0 = (6.69 - 2.17 + 2*0.75*0.855*(1*0.55-1*0.413))*20000 WmaxI = 93,927
260
261 W 1-1 = MIN((A2 + A5 + A41 + A42)*Sv,WmaxI) = MIN((1.592 + 2 + 0.214 + 0.141)*20000,93927) W 1-1 = 78,923
262 W 2-2 = Min((A2 + A3 + A41 + A43 + 2*Tn*t*frone)*Sv,WmaxI) = Min((1.592 + 0.802 + 0.214 + 0.12 + 2*0 W 2-2 = 68,654
266 W 3-3 = Min((A2 + A3 + A5 + A41 + A42 + A43 + 2*Tn*t*fr1)*Sv,WmaxI) Weld load W 3-3 = 93,927
267 = Min((1.592 + 0.802 + 2 + 0.214 + 0.141 + 0.12 + 2*0.75*0.55*0.855)*20000,93927)
271
309 Failure mode along strength path (Greater than Weld Load, see App L-7)
312 S1-1 = A42s + A2s >= W1-1 Acceptable S1-1 = 360,318
313 = 124113 + 236206 >= 78923
320 S2-2 = A41s + gt >= W2-2 Acceptable S2-2 = 349,960
321 = 115165 + 234795 >= 68654
326 S3-3 = gt + A42s >= W3-3 Acceptable S3-3 = 358,908
327 = 234795 + 124113 >= 93927
331 Tstd = Standard pipe wall thickness from chart Tstd =
0.375
332 Swre = tr * Pa / P = 0.413 * 0 / 155.197 Req. Exterior pressure Swre =
0.000
333 Nact = Nt * (1-UTp) = 0.75 * (1-0) Actual Wall Thick. Nact =
0.750
334 Tt = 0.8/Nth = 0.8/0 Ug-31(c)(2) threads Tt =
0.000
335 UG-45 Acceptable
336 UG45 = Max(UG45a, UG45b) <= Nact = Max(0.073, 0.328) <= 0.75 UG45 = 0.328
337 UG45a = Max(trn,trnE) + Nca + Tt = Max(0.073,0) + 0 + 0 UG45a = 0.073
338 UG45b = Min(UG45b3,UG45b4) = Min(0.538, 0.328) UG45b = 0.328
339 UG45b1 = Max(tr + Sca, tmin16b + Sca) = Max(0.413 + 0.125, 0.094 + 0.125) UG45b1 = 0.538
340 UG45b2 = Max(Swre + Sca,tmin16b + Sca) = Max(0 + 0.125,0.094 + 0.125) UG45b2 =
341 UG45b3 = Max(UG45b1,UG45b2) = Max(0.538,) UG45b3 = 0.538
342 UG45b4 = Tstd*0.875 + Nca = 0.375*0.875 + 0 UG45b4 = 0.328
30 Nozzle Reinforcement UW16(c)mod <- SavedDesign Page 16 of 22
31 Automatic dh - not hillside
22 Sample Vertical Vessel <- Vessel Automatic Limit Diameter
33 M2 - 12" x 16" Manway c/w 4 x 3/4" Ring on Shell <- Description Curved Shell or Head Section
34 Shell:
35 SA-516 70 <- Shell Material
36 20,000 <- Sv, shell allowable stress level, PSI OD Nozzle
37 1.00 <- E1, efficiency of shell at nozzle
38 59.00 <- Ds, Shell ID Nt Leg43
39 0.500 <- Vt, shell wall thick, uncorroded, UT removed Full
40 0.231 <- tr, required shell wall thickness int. press.(E=1) t Penn.
41 0.000 <- trE, required shell wall thickness ext. press.(E=1) Leg41
42 0.125 <- sca, shell corrosion allowance
Nozzle
43 0.094 <- tmin16b, Min allowed wall per UG-16(b)
44 Nozzle:
Leg41 Shell
45 SA-106B <- Nozzle Material
46 17,100 <- Sn, allowable stress level (Sn) Vt
47 17,600 <- B, from A = 0.09590
48 1.00 <- E, nozzle efficiency Leg43
49 155.20 <- P, internal design pressure Proj
50 0.0 <- Pa, external design pressure
51 17.500 <- Do, outside diameter
54 0.750 <- Nt, wall thick, uncorroded UW-16.1 (c) modified
55 0.0% <- UTp, undertolerance (%)
57 0.125 <- nca, nozzle corrosion allowance
58 2.625 <- L, exterior Projection
59 0.875 <- Ip, interior projection
61 Reinforcing:
71 0.375 <- Leg41, size of weld fillet
73 0.625 <- Leg43, size of weld fillet
74 1.000 <- F
87 Variables:
88 UT = Nt*UTp = 0.75 * 0 Undertolerance UT = 0.000
90 Rn = Do/2 - (Nt-nca) + UT = 17.5/2 - (0.75-0.125) + 0 Effective Radius Rn = 8.125
95 t = Vt-sca = 0.5 - 0.125 Effective Shell Thickness t= 0.375
96 ti = Nt-2*nca = 0.75 - 2 * 0.125 Nom Thick of Int. Proj. ti = 0.500
101 tn = Nt-nca = 0.75-0.125 Avail. Nozzle Thick. No tn = 0.625
102 d = Do-2*tn = 17.5 - 2*0.625 UT Opening Dia. d= 16.250
108 fr1 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1) = MIN(17100/20000, 1) fr1 = 0.855
111 fr2 = MIN(Sn/Sv,1) = MIN(17100/20000, 1) fr2 = 0.855
126 h = MIN(Ip-sca,2.5*t,2.5*ti) = MIN(0.875-0.125,2.5*0.375,2.5*0.5) h= 0.750
127 tcLeg41 = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,tn,t)) = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,0.625,0.375)) tc41 = 0.250
131 tcLeg43 = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,t,tn)) = Min(0.25,0.7*Min(0.75,0.375,0.625)) tc43 = 0.250
133 F = Min(Fenterered, 1) F= 1.000
141 Pipe Required Wall Thickness - trn from internal, trnE from external pressure
142 LDo = L/Do LDo = 0.150 Dot = Do/trnE Dot = 0.000
143 trn = (P*Rn)/(Sn*E - 0.6*P) <= tn-UT = (155.2*8.125)/(17100*1 - 0.6*155.2) trn = 0.074 Acceptable
145 trnR = (P*Rn)/(Sn*1 - 0.6*P) = (155.2*8.125)/(17100*1 - 0.6*155.2) E=1 trnR = 0.074
146 trnE = (3*Do*Pa)/(4*B) <= tn-ut = (3*17.5*0)/(4*17600) trnE = 0.000 Acceptable
148 Geometry Constraints:
150 0.7*Leg41 >= tc41 0.7*0.375 >= 0.25 0.263 >= 0.250 Acceptable
158 0.7*Leg43-nca >= tc43 0.7*0.625-0.125 >= 0.25 0.313 >= 0.250 Acceptable
171
52 Leg Supports:
53 W6x15 <- Structural Description
54 4 <- n, number of legs
55 29.100 <- Ix, for one leg
56 9.320 <- Iy, for one leg
57 1.460 <- fFactor, Least radius of Gyration
58 4.430 <- A, Leg Cross Sectional Area
59 6.000 <- 2cx, Beam Depth
60 6.000 <- 2cy, Beam Width
61 0.800 <- K1, Leg Anchor Factor
62
63 Material Properties:
64 17,100 <- maximum leg bending stress (Sb)
65 20,000 <- maximum shell stress (Sa)
66
67 Attachment Dimensions:
68 6.000 <- 2C1, Width of rectangular loading
69 6.000 <- 2C2, Length of rectangular loading
71 Static Deflection
72 E = 30,000,000
73 bc = 12.0 leg boundary condition based on fixed or loose leg
74 y = (2*W*ls^3)/(bc*n*E*(Ix + Iy)) y = 0.014
75 = (2*19000*27^3)/(12*4*30000000*(29.1 + 9.32))
76
77 Period of Vibration
78 g = 386
79 T = 2*pi*sqrt(y/g) =2 * 3.14 * sqrt(0.01/386) T = 0.037
80
84 Base Shear
94 Sms = Fa*Ss = 1.2*0.75 Sms = 0.9
95 Sm1 = Fv*S1 = 2.8*0.3 Sm1 = 0.84
96 Sds = 2/3*Sms = 2/3*0.9 Sds = 0.600
97 Sd1 = 2/3*Sm1 = 2/3*0.84 Sd1 = 0.560
98 Cs = Sds/(R/I) = 0.6/(3/1) Cs = 0.200
99 CsMAX = Sd1/(T*R/I) = 0.56/(0.037*3/1) CsMAX = 5.020
100 CsMIN = 0.044*Sds*I = 0.044*0.6*1 CsMIN = 0.026
101 Csfinal = if(cs<=csmax, if(cs>csmin, cs, csmin), csmax) Csfinal = 0.200
102 V= Csfinal*W = 0.2*19000 V= 3800
112
115 Sample Vertical Vessel Vessel On Beams 7-Jan-09
117 Horizontal Seismic Force at Top of Vessel
118 Ftmax = 0.25*V = 0.25 * 3800 Ftmax = 950
119 Ftp = 0.07 * T * V = 0.07 * 0.037 * 3800 Ftp = 9.89
120 Ft = if (T < 0.7, 0, min(0.07*T*V, Ftmax)) Ft = 0
121
173
174
Beam to Shell Attachment Stresses
175 Beam Dimensions
176 cx = 2cx/2 cx = 3.000
177 cy = 2cy/2 cy = 3.000
178
179
180
242 Parameters
243 MaxSPm = Sa for Pm stresses Pm - primary membrance stress MaxSPm = 20,000
244 MaxSPmb = 1.5*Sa for Pm + Pb stresses Pb - primary bending stress MaxSPmb = 30,000
245 MaxSPmbQ = 1.5*Sa for Pm + Pb + Q Q - secondary stress MaxSPmbQ = 30,000
246 Ri = (Do-2*T)/2 stresses Ri = 29.5
247 Rm = (Do-T)/2 Rm = 29.75
248 r = Rm/T = 29.75/0.5 r= 59.50
249 Beta1 = 2C1/2/Rm = 6/2/29.75 Beta1 = 0.101
250 Beta2 = 2C2/2/Rm = 6/2/29.75 Beta2 = 0.101
280 SL = (Ri-0.4*T)*Pr/(2*T) = (29.5-0.4*0.5)*155.197/(2*0.5) SL = 4,547
281 Sc = (Ri+0.6*T)*Pr/T = (29.5+0.6*0.5)*155.197/0.5 Sc = 9,250
282 Stress concentration factors Kb = 1 Kn = 1
283 Shell Combined Stresses:
284 Lookup A Curve A Value A Value Equation Cat Au AL Bu BL Cu CL Du DL
285 Pressure Stress VIII-1 Code 4C 3C SC Pm 9250 9250 9250 9250 9250 9250 9250 9250
286 No/(P/Rm) 3C or 4C 9.80981 7.99937 Kn*A*P/(Rm*T) Pm -949 -949 -949 -949 -774 -774 -774 -774
287 Mo/P 1C or 2C-1 0.10736 0.07214 Kb*A*6*P/T^2 Pb -2492 2492 -2492 2492 -3708 3708 -3708 3708
288 No/(Mc/ 3A 2.00349 Kn*A*Mc/(Rm^2*beta*T) Pm 0 0 0 0
289
(Rm^2*beta))
Mo/(Mc/(Rm*beta)) 1A 0.08976 Kb*A*6*Mc/(Rm*beta*T^2) Q 0 0 0 0
290 No/(ML/ 3B 6.62238 Kn*A*ML/(Rm^2*beta*T) Pm -2171 -2171 2171 2171
291
(Rm^2*beta))
Mo/(ML/(Rm*beta)) 1B or 1B-1 0.04054 Kb*A*6*ML/(Rm*beta*T^2) Q -4661 4661 4661 -4661
292 Pm So 6130 6130 10472 10472 8476 8476 8476 8476
293 Pm+Pb So 3638 8621 7980 12963 4768 12184 4768 12184
294 Pm+Pb+Q So -1023 13282 12641 8302 4768 12184 4768 12184
295 Pressure Stress VIII-1 Code SL Pm 4547 4547 4547 4547 4547 4547 4547 4547
296 Nx/(P/Rm) 3C or 4C 9.80981 7.99937 Kn*A*P/(Rm*T) Pm -774 -774 -774 -774 -949 -949 -949 -949
297 Mx/P 1C-1 or 2C 0.07151 0.10957 Kb*A*6*P/T^2 Pb -3784 3784 -3784 3784 -2470 2470 -2470 2470
298 Nx/(Mc/ 4A 3.02513 Kn*A*Mc/(Rm^2*beta*T) Pm 0 0 0 0
299
(Rm^2*beta))
Mx/(Mc/(Rm*beta)) 2A 0.04374 Kb*A*6*Mc/(Rm*beta*T^2) Q 0 0 0 0
300 Nx/(ML/ 4B 1.96743 Kn*A*ML/(Rm^2*beta*T) Pm -645 -645 645 645
301
(Rm^2*beta))
Mx/(ML/(Rm*beta)) 2B or 2B-1 0.05817 Kb*A*6*ML/(Rm*beta*T^2) Q -6486 6486 6486 -6486
302 Pm Sx 3128 3128 4418 4418 3598 3598 3598 3598
303 Pm+Pb Sx -656 6913 634 8203 1128 6068 1128 6068
304 Pm+Pb+Q Sx -7142 13399 7120 1717 1128 6068 1128 6068
305 Shear VL VL/(Pi*sqrt(c1*c2)*T) -2208 -2208 2208 2208
306 Shear VC VC/(Pi*sqrt(c1*c2)*T) 0 0 0 0
307 Total Shear Sum of shears Txo 0 0 0 0 -2208 -2208 2208 2208
308 S1m ((Sx+So)/2)+SQRT(((Sx-So)/2)^2+Txo^2) 6,130 6,130 10,472 10,472 9,327 9,327 9,327 9,327
309 S2m ((Sx+So)/2)-SQRT(((Sx-So)/2)^2+Txo^2) 3,128 3,128 4,418 4,418 2,747 2,747 2,747 2,747
310 S12 abs(S1m - S2m) 3,001 3,001 6,053 6,053 6,579 6,579 6,579 6,579
311 S23 abs(S2m-0) 3,128 3,128 4,418 4,418 2,747 2,747 2,747 2,747
312 S31 abs(0-S1m) 6,130 6,130 10,472 10,472 9,327 9,327 9,327 9,327
313 Sm<= MaxSPmb max(S12,S23,S31)<=30000 Acceptable 6,130 6,130 10,472 10,472 9,327 9,327 9,327 9,327
314 S1m+b ((Sx+So)/2)+SQRT(((Sx-So)/2)^2+Txo^2) 3,638 8,621 7,980 12,963 5,809 12,897 5,809 12,897
315 S2m+b ((Sx+So)/2)-SQRT(((Sx-So)/2)^2+Txo^2) -656 6,913 634 8,203 87 5,354 87 5,354
316 S12 abs(S1m - S2m) 4,294 1,709 7,346 4,761 5,722 7,543 5,722 7,543
317 S23 abs(S2m-0) 656 6,913 634 8,203 87 5,354 87 5,354
318 S31 abs(0-S1m) 3,638 8,621 7,980 12,963 5,809 12,897 5,809 12,897
319 Smb<= MaxSPmb max(S12,S23,S31)<=30000 Acceptable 4,294 8,621 7,980 12,963 5,809 12,897 5,809 12,897
320 S1m+b+Q ((Sx+So)/2)+SQRT(((Sx-So)/2)^2+Txo^2) -1,023 13,399 12,641 8,302 5,809 12,897 5,809 12,897
321 S2m+b+Q ((Sx+So)/2)-SQRT(((Sx-So)/2)^2+Txo^2) -7,142 13,282 7,120 1,717 87 5,354 87 5,354
322 S12 abs(S1m - S2m) 6,119 116 5,521 6,585 5,722 7,543 5,722 7,543
323 S23 abs(S2m-0) 7,142 13,282 7,120 1,717 87 5,354 87 5,354
324 S31 abs(0-S1m) 1,023 13,399 12,641 8,302 5,809 12,897 5,809 12,897
325 Smb<= MaxSPmbQ max(S12,S23,S31)<=60000 Acceptable 7,142 13,399 12,641 8,302 5,809 12,897 5,809 12,897
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