Adolf Hitler (German: [adlf htl] ( listen); 20 April 1889 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born

German politician and the leader of the Nazi Party (German: Nationalsozialistische Deutsche
Arbeiterpartei (NSDAP); National Socialist German Workers Party). He was chancellor of Germany
from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany (as Fhrer und Reichskanzler) from 1934 to 1945.
Hitler was at the centre of Nazi Germany, World War II in Europe, and the Holocaust.

Hitler was a decorated veteran of World War I. He joined the German Workers' Party (precursor of
the NSDAP) in 1919, and became leader of the NSDAP in 1921. In 1923, he attempted a coup d'tat
in Munich, known as the Beer Hall Putsch. The failed coup resulted in Hitler's imprisonment, during
which time he wrote his memoir, Mein Kampf (My Struggle). After his release in 1924, Hitler gained
popular support by attacking the Treaty of Versailles and promoting Pan-Germanism, antisemitism,
and anti-communism with charismatic oratory and Nazi propaganda. After his appointment as
chancellor in 1933, he transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a single-party
dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism.

Hitler's aim was to establish a New Order of absolute Nazi German hegemony in continental Europe.
To this end, his foreign and domestic policies had the aim of seizing Lebensraum ("living space") for
the Germanic people. He directed the rearmament of Germany and the invasion of Poland by the
Wehrmacht in September 1939, resulting in the outbreak of World War II in Europe. Under Hitler's
rule, in 1941 German forces and their European allies occupied most of Europe and North Africa. In
1943, Germany had been forced onto the defensive and suffered a series of escalating defeats. In
the final days of the war, during the Battle of Berlin in 1945, Hitler married his long-time partner, Eva
Braun. On 30 April 1945, less than two days later, the two committed suicide to avoid capture by the
Red Army, and their corpses were burned.

Hitler's aggressive foreign policy is considered the main cause of the outbreak of World War II in
Europe. His antisemitic policies and racially motivated ideology resulted in the deaths of at least 5.5
million Jews, and millions of other people deemed racially inferior.

NAPOLEON
apoleon Bonaparte (French: Napolon Bonaparte [napole bnpat], Italian: Napoleone
Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 5 May 1821) was a French military and political leader who rose to
prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe.

As Napoleon I, he was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815. His legal reform, the Napoleonic
Code, has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide, but he is best
remembered for his role in the wars led against France by a series of coalitions, the so-
called Napoleonic Wars. He established hegemony over most of continental Europe and sought to
spread the ideals of the French Revolution, while consolidating animperial monarchy which restored
aspects of the deposed Ancien Rgime. Due to his success in these wars, often against numerically
superior enemies, he is generally regarded as one of the greatest military commanders of all time,
and his campaigns are studied at military academies worldwide.[1]

Napoleon was born at Ajaccio in Corsica in a family of noble Italian ancestry which had settled
Corsica in the 16th century. He trained as an artillery officer in mainland France. He rose to
prominence under the French First Republic and led successful campaigns against
the First and SecondCoalitions arrayed against France. He led a successful invasion of the Italian
peninsula.

In 1799, he staged a coup d'tat and installed himself as First Consul; five years later the French
Senate proclaimed him emperor, following aplebiscite in his favour. In the first decade of the 19th
century, the French Empire under Napoleon engaged in a series of conflictsthe Napoleonic Wars
that involved every major European power.[1] After a streak of victories, France secured a dominant
position in continental Europe, and Napoleon maintained the French sphere of influence through the
formation of extensive alliances and the appointment of friends and family members to rule other
European countries as French client states.

The Peninsular War and 1812 French invasion of Russia marked turning points in Napoleon's
fortunes. His Grande Arme was badly damaged in the campaign and never fully recovered. In 1813,
the Sixth Coalition defeated his forces at Leipzig; the following year the Coalition invaded France,
forced Napoleon to abdicate and exiled him to the island of Elba. Less than a year later, he escaped
Elba and returned to power, but was defeated at theBattle of Waterloo in June 1815. Napoleon spent
the last six years of his life in confinement by the British on the island of Saint Helena. An autopsy
concluded he died of stomach cancer, but there has been some debate about the cause of his death,
as some scholars have speculated that he was a victim of arsenic poisoning.