Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Agudos:
Irritacin de ojos y nariz.
Aumento de IRAS altas y bajas.
Exacerbacin de Asma (intensidad y
frecuencia de las crisis).
Agravacin de EPOC.
Agravacin de cardiopatas.
Aumento de la tasa de mortalidad por todas las causas.
CONTAMINACIN POR MP
EFECTOS EN SALUD.
Crnicos:
Asma bronquial
EPOC
Diferidos:
Cncer Pulmonar
Dao cardiovascular por material particulado
del aire.
Puesta al da 2008.
PORCENTAJE DE AUMENTO DEL RIESGO RELATIVO DE ISQUEMIA E INFARTO MIOCRDICO POR CONTAMINACIN DE
PARTCULAS MP10 Y MP2,5 SEGN EL DA PREVIO CONJUNTAMENTE CON EL MISMO DA Y LOS 3 POSTERIORES A LA
APARICIN
DEL CUADRO CLNICO.
Oscar Romn A1, Mara Jos Prieto C2, Pedro Mancilla F2,
Pedro Astudillo O2, Ana Mara Dussaubat A1,
Carolina Miguel W1, Jennifer Lara M1.
Generador de FARMACO.
aerosoles:
Dispositivos.
MDI (IDM).
DPI (IPS).
NEBULIZADORES.
PRINCIPIOS FSICOS QUE REGULAN LA
PENETRACIN Y EL DEPOSITO DE LOS
AEROSOLES.
1. Estabilidad.
2. Penetracin.
3. Depsito.
4. Clearence.
1.- ESTABILIDAD.
Capacidad de un aerosol de mantenerse
en suspensin por un perodo de tiempo
significativo.
Movimiento Browniano.
LA ACCIN DE FUERZAS ELECTROSTTICAS
ENTRE IONES.
Flujos altos.
Flujos turbulentos.
American Association for Respiratory Care A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for
Respiratory Therapists, 2nd Edition
2.- SEDIMENTACIN GRAVITACIONAL.
En las zonas en que el flujo se hace laminar
(bronquolos) el depsito se realiza
principalmente por sedimentacin lo cual es
favorecido por la retencin de la respiracin al
final de la inspiracin.
Gravitational settling is a function of particle
mass and time, with the rate of settling
proportional to particle size and mass.
Tamao de partculas entre 2-5 micras.
American Association for Respiratory Care A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for
Respiratory Therapists, 2nd Edition
Geometra de la Va Area
American Association for Respiratory Care A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for
Respiratory Therapists, 2nd Edition
Bronchospasm: Administering a cold and high-
density aerosol may induce bronchospasm in
patients with asthma or other respiratory
diseases.
If bronchospasm occurs during aerosol therapy,
the patient should be given a rest. If it persists,
the physician should be notified.
American Association for Respiratory Care A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for
Respiratory Therapists, 2nd Edition
Drug Concentration: In both jet and ultrasonic
nebulizers, drug concentration may increase
significantly during aerosol therapy.
An increase in drug concentration may be due to
evaporation, heating, or the inability to
efficiently nebulize suspensions.
As a result of changes in drug concentration, the
amount of the drug remaining in the nebulizer at
the end of aerosol therapy is increased and the
patient is exposed to higher concentrations of
inhaled medications. This is a great problem with
continuous feed nebulization
American Association for Respiratory Care A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for
Respiratory Therapists, 2nd Edition
Infection: It has been well documented that
aerosol generators were contaminated with
bacteria and increase the risk of infection in
patients with respiratory diseases.
The risk of transmission of an infection is
dependent upon duration of exposure of drugs
with pathogens and the procedures taken by
respiratory therapists to avoid pathogen
exposure.
Proper practices of medication handling, device
cleaning, and sterilization can greatly reduce this
risk.
American Association for Respiratory Care A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for
Respiratory Therapists, 2nd Edition
Eye Irritation: Inhaled medications delivered
with a face mask may inadvertently deposit in
the eyes and result in eye irritation.
Improving the interface between the face masks
and patients may eliminate this problem and
increase the amount of drug delivered to the
distal airways.
Therefore, caution should be exercised when
using a face mask during aerosol drug
administration.
American Association for Respiratory Care A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for
Respiratory Therapists, 2nd Edition
RIESGOS ASOCIADOS A LA
AEROSOLTERAPIA PARA EL TERAPUTA.
Exposure to Secondhand Aerosol Drugs: Care
providers and bystanders have the risk of
exposure to inhaled medications during routine
monitoring and care of patients. While workplace
exposure to aerosol may be detectable in the
plasma, it may also increase the risk of asthma-
like symptoms and cause occupational asthma.
The development and implementation of an
occupational health and safety policy in
respiratory therapy departments can minimize
exposure to secondhand aerosol drugs.
American Association for Respiratory Care A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for
Respiratory Therapists, 2nd Edition
Infection: Care providers, bystanders, and even
other patients have the risk of inhaling
pathogens during aerosol therapy.
The risk of infection can be minimized with the
development and implementation of an infection
control management system including use of
masks, filters, and ventilation systems.
American Association for Respiratory Care A Guide to Aerosol Delivery Devices for
Respiratory Therapists, 2nd Edition
Generacin Teraputica de
Aerosoles
Fcil aplicacin.
Hydrofluoroalkano.
Qumicamente estable y no
inflamable
No contiene tomos de clorina
CFC HFA
Up Draft I Up Draft II
NEBULIZADOR HUDSON U-MIST
NEBULIZADOR TIPO JET
De Alto Debito
Dbito (output) > de 0,3 ml/min
Nebulizacin ms rpida
Mejora entrega de frmaco
Nebulizador Sidestream
10-20%.
Ej.:
Nebulizador Sidestream
Nebulizadores Pari
Compresor Pari Compresor Pulmo-Aide
NEBULIZACION DE SOLUCIONES.
Permiten administrar de forma continua un aerosol constituido
por un producto activo disuelto en un medio acuoso.
Principio de Bernoulli o
efecto jet:
Al pasar un fluido a travs de
un tubo, al llegar a una
restriccin, la velocidad del gas
aumenta, y la P lateral
disminuye.
Nebulizadores Ultrasnicos:
Efectos primarios:
Broncoconstrictor
Irritante de VA
Hidratacin de secreciones
Dosis teraputicas
3%
7%
14%
MECANISMOS DE ACCIN
Rehidrata, mejorando el clearence mucociliar
Salida HO
[NaCl]
Wallis C. Mucolytic therapy in cystic fibrosis. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
2001; 94: 17-23
PATOLOGAS
Bronquiectasias
FQ
Asma moderada
Daviskas E, Anderson SD. Hyperosmolar agents and clearance of mucus in the diseased airway. J Aerosol
Med. 2006;19(1):100-9.
SOLUCIN SALINA HIPERTNICA.
Efectos colaterales
Broncoconstriccin
i VEF1
A pesar de la medicacin previa con broncodilatador, la cada
del VEF1 se vio inmediatamente despus del uso de manitol
(7.3+/-2.5%) y SH (5.8+/-1.2%).
Robinson M et al. The effect of inhaled mannitol on bronchial mucus clearance in cystic fibrosis
patients: a pilot study. Eur Respir J. 1999 Sep;14(3):678-85.
SOLUCIN SALINA HIPERTNICA
Mezcla de agua destilada y cloruro de sodio.
Concentracin X%
Forma de aplicacin.
Complementario a DNAsa.
Wallis C. Mucolytic therapy in cystic fibrosis. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
2001; 94: 17-23
MECANISMOS DE ACCIN
Estimula reflejo tusgeno
Wallis C. Mucolytic therapy in cystic fibrosis. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine
2001; 94: 17-23
EFECTOS
GRACIAS TOTALES..