1. A sound wave propagates a point about 50 meters below the surface of a calm sea.

The instantaneous pressure at the point is given by: p = 6x +1000sin (400t),

where t is in seconds and p in Pascals.
a) What is the value of static pressure at the point?

is pressure from the height of the column of fluid above the

wave.
=6x Pa

b) What is the value of maximum (or peak) acoustic pressure at the point?

= 1000 Pa

c) What is the root-mean-square acoustic pressure?

= = = 707.107 Pa

d) What is the acoustic pressure when t=0, 1.25, 2.5, 3.75, 5.00 milliseconds?

= 1000 sin (400t)

(t = 0 mS) = 1000 sin (400x0 ) = 1000 sin 0 = 0 Pa
(t = 1.25 mS) = 1000 sin (400x1.25x ) = 1000 sin(0.5) = 1000 Pa
(t = 2.5 mS) = 1000 sin (400x2.5x ) = 1000 sin(0.5) = 0 Pa
(t = 3.75 mS) = 1000 sin (400x 3.75 x ) = 1000 sin(1.5) = -1000 Pa
(t = 5.00 mS) = 1000 sin (400x 5.00 x ) = 1000 sin(2) = 0 Pa

e) What is the average acoustic intensity of the sound wave? (The density of the
water is 1000 kg/ and the sound speed is 1500 m/sec.)
=

= =

= = = 0.3333 W/
f) What is the intensity level, L, in dB re 1 Pa?
L = 10log ( )

= = = 6.66667x

L= 10log ( ) = 176. 99dB

2. A plane acoustic wave is propagating in a medium of density =1000 kg/ . The
equation for a particle displacement in the medium due to the wave is given by:
s = (1x )cos(8x 12000t), where distances are in meters and time is in
seconds.

a) What is the rms particle displacement?

= = = M

b) What is the wavelength of the sound wave?

From : s = cos( x + t)
K= = 8
= = 0.25 M
= 0.25 M

c) What is the frequency?

s = cos( x + t)
= 2 f = 12000
= = 6000Hz

= 6 kHz

d) What is the speed of sound in the medium?

c=
c = 0.25 x 6000 M/S

c = 1500M/S
e) What is the value of maximum (or peak) particle velocity?

s = (1x )cos(8x 12000t)

= -(-1x )sin(8x 12000t)
v = 3.7699 x sin(8x 12000t) m/s

= 3.7699x m/s

f) What is the value of maximum acoustic pressure?

= V(t)x
= = 1000 x 1500
V(t) = 3.7699 x sin(8x 12000t) m/s
P = (1000 x 1500 x 3.7699 x sin(8x 12000t) m/s
P = (5.65485x sin(8x 12000t) m/s

= 56,548. 5 Pa
 g) What is the specific acoustic impedance of the medium?

= = 1000 x 1500 = 1.5 x rayls

h) What is the bulk modulus of the medium?
=
= = (1500 x 1000

= 2.25x 1 N/

i) What is the acoustic intensity of the sound wave?

= =

=1065.9 W/
1065.9 W/
j) What is the acoustic power radiated over a 3 area?

P = Intensity X Area

P = 1065.9 W/
P =3197.73 W
3. A plane acoustic wave is propagating in a medium of density and sound speed c.
The equation for pressure amplitude in the medium due to the wave is given by:
p= cos (kx t), where p0 is the maximum pressure amplitude of the sound.

p= cos (kx t) ........ (1)

K= ; = 2 f ; c = f= ....... (2)
Substituting eqn (2) in eqn (1).
p = cos ( x 2 f t)
p= cos ( x 2 t)
Factoring out
p= cos x - t)

b) Show that maximum pressure amplitudes (compressions) can be found at the following
locations in space: x=n+ct where n= 0, 1, 2, 3,

for maximum amplitude(compression) , cos (kx t) = 1

substituting x =n in the pressure equation , p = cos (kx t).

We have:
p= cos (kx t)
p= cos x t)
p= cos t)}
p= cos )}
p = cos
from the identity cos = 1 for all n i.e n = 1 , 2, 3,...

Therefore: p = which is always a maximum for n = 1 , 2, 3,...

c) Show that maximum pressure amplitudes (rarefactions) can be found at the following
location in space x= (n+1/2) +ct, where n = 0, 1, 2, 3,...

For maximum pressure amplitude (rarefaction), cos (kx t) = -1

Substituting x= (n+1/2) +ct in the pressure equation, p = cos x t)
We have:
p= cos x t)
p= cos t)}
p = cos }
p = cos + )
From the identity, cos + )= -1 for all n i.e n = 0, 1, 2, 3,...
Therefore: p = which is always a maximum (rarefaction) for n = 0, 1 , 2, 3,...

s(x,t) = 6x 1 m cos ( )

= (6x 1 ) m sin ( )

V(x,t) = 6.03185 x

(x,t) = 6.03185 x m/s

V(x,t) = 6.03185 x

= 2.0 x 1 N/

c= = 13 x 160 = 2080 m/ s

= ; = = = 462.278

= c = 462.278 x 2080 =961, 538.24 rayls

= x V (t) = (961, 538.24 x6.03185 x Pa

= 5800 Pa

= 5800Pa