HUMIDIFICATION

1. Air-water system at 1 atm has a dry bulb temperature of 85F and a wet bulb temperature of 74F.
1.1. What is the mixing ratio in lb H2O/lb d.a.?
A. 0.0145 B. 0.0158 C. 0.0175 D. 0.0130
1.2. What is the relative humidity?
A. 41.512% B. 50.956% C. 61.370% D. 72.671%
1.3. What is the humid volume in ft3 air/lb d.a.?
A. 14.06 B. 13.5 C. 14.81 D. 12.58
1.4. What is the percentage saturation?
A. 55.52% B. 67.307% C. 50.241% D. 60.386%
2. Benzene-nitrogen system with 20% ratio of vapor pressure to equilibrium pressure at 720 mmHg and a temperature of
30C is analyzed.
2.1. Determine the mass ratio in kg C6 H6/kg N2.
A. 0.09550 B. 0.00107 C. 0.1018 D. 0.01871
2.2. What is the saturation humidity in kg C6H6/kg N2?
A. 0.5188 B. 0.5534 C. 0.0713 D. 0.0123
2.3. What is the humid volume in m3 mixture/kg N2?
A. 0.812 B. 0.904 C. 0.751 D. 0.970
2.4. What is the percentage absolute humidity?
A. 17.26% B. 18.41% C. 19.62% D. 26.24%
3. A stream of methanol vapor is mixed with dry argon. The resulting mixture is at 40% (P A/PEq) at -10C and a total
pressure of 121 kPa. It is desired to recover 65% of the methanol fed.
3.1. To what temperature must it be lowered if the final total pressure becomes 300 kPa and the mixture is at
40% (PA/PEq)?
A. -38.15C B. -27.10C C. -40.12C D. -18.81C
3.2. If the outlet mixture is saturated and at 200 kPa total pressure, what is the new vapor pressure of methanol?
A. 0.936 kPa B. 1.089 kPa C. 0.544 kPa D. 0.468 kPa
4. 200 m3/hr of air enters at 40C and 60%RH. It is dehumidified and leaves saturated at 17C dew point. Determine the
rate of water removal in the process.
A. 3.50 kg/hr B. 3.25 kg/hr C. 0.016 kg/hr D. 2.41 kg/hr
5. A stream of 300 ft3 of benzene-air system at 20C and 78% absolute humidity and pressure of 15 psia is mixed with
another 100 ft3 of dry air in a benzene-air stream saturated at 50C at 18 psia.
5.1. What is the outlet humidity?
A. 0.666 lb C6H6/lb d.a. C. 0.474 C6H6/lb d.a.
B. 0.840 lb C6H6/lb d.a. D. 0.512 C6H6/lb d.a.
5.2. What is the outlet humid volume in ft3 mixture/lb d.a.?
A. 15.417 B. 14.888 C. 13.499 D. 20.742
5.3. Considering the heat balance, what must be the outlet temperature in dry bulb?
A. 95.000F B. 86.126F C. 78.821F D. 92.822F
5.4. What is the outlet final pressure of the system?
A. 16.500 psia B. 15.210 psia C. 16.151 psia D. 17.595 psia
5.5. Determine the relative humidity of the outlet mixture.
A. 88.86% B. 50.40% C. 61.25% D. 100%
6. Room 401 of BatStateU is to have an adiabatic humidifier operating under atmospheric pressure installed on it for
accreditation purposes. Often, there are 40 chemical engineering students in a room and one instructor, each
occupying 5.6 ft3 of volume on the 27 ft. x 28 ft. x 10 ft. room. It is expected that the whole process will be finished
within 4 hours. The room is initially at 77F, 30% RH and will be cooled to 64.4F by allowing counter-current water
sprayed over the ceiling. The unevaporated water will be recirculated with make-up water fed at 60F to compensate
its losses. 15 lb/ft2-hr of water will be sprayed with an expected dry air rate of 25 lb/ft 2-hr. The dean will show the
design for the room and it should have a gas phase heat transfer coefficient of 7.5 BTU/hr-ft3-F.
6.1. If everyone would be present to witness the operation, what will be the cross sectional area of the humidifier?
A. 5.376 ft2 B. 5.544 ft2 C. 8.960 ft2 D. 17.920 ft2
6.2. At what rate should the make-up water be?
A. 0.787 lb/hr B. 0.395 lb/hr C. 1.183 lb/hr D. 2.240 lb/hr
6.3. Using the adiabatic humidification line, what is the latent heat of vaporization of the water evaporated?
 A. 1026.21 BTU/lb C. 1039.23 BTU/lb
B. 1102.76 BTU/lb D. 1091.38 BTU/lb
6.4. What should be the length of the spray chamber?
A. 1691.02 ft. B. 4.33 ft. C. 1.24 ft. D. 0.843 ft
6.5. If all conditions are kept as it is, and a decision was made to replace it by a simple humidifier, what should be
the outlet temperature of water?
A. 57F B. 70.291F C. 62.917F D.72.6F
6.6. If it is replaced by a simple humidifier, what is the new log-mean temperature difference?
A. 8.323F B. 5.635F C. 12.543F D. 4.4F
6.7. For the simple humidifier, how much ton of refrigeration is necessary?
A. 0.0581 B. 0.0343 C. 0.0924 D. 0.0196
6.8. Provided that the adiabatic and simple humidifiers have the costs PhP. 349781/ft of length and PhP.
151077/ft of length respectively, by cost analysis which would you recommend?
A. Adiabatic humidifier is highly recommended.
B. Simple humidifier is more recommended.
C. Either of the two will do.
D. None of the above fits the room.
7. A cryogenic building besides CEAFA building is to be maintained at 11.85C and 50% saturation by charging it with a
refrigerant R-11 every 20 minutes. It measures 40 m x 20 m x 30 m of which 70% is void because of the large tools
and equipment inside. It is desired to cool it using R-11 over dry nitrogen gas. If 300 kg/hr-m2 dry N2 is available at
38C and 40% saturation and is dehumidified by a counter-current contact with very cold water at 4C flowing at 500
kg/hr-m2.
7.1. What should be the rate of water to be used?
A. 136.5 kg/hr B. 840 kg/hr C. 140 kg/min D. 1137 kg/min
7.2. If R-11/N2 mixture is simultaneously rejected at the same rate from the cryogenic building as a feed to a
heater operating at 3 MPa, what is the outlet temperature if it comes out at 70% saturation? Assume sensible
heating only applies.
A. 125.41C B. 136.85C C. 87.66C D. 102.79C

EVAPORATION

1. What is the boiling point rise of a 30% NaOH solution boiling at 200F?
A. 20F B. 25F C. 30F D. 35F
2. What is the boiling point of the solution of 50% KCl at 80.568 kPa?
A. 108.33C B. 101.67C C. 93.33C D. 112.78C
3. The over-all heat transfer coefficients of a multiple effect evaporator are 200, 420, 511 BTU/hr-ft2-F. The steam is fed
at 300 kPa and the condenser at last effect operates at 100 mmHg.
3.1. Estimate the temperature gradient between the steam and boiling point of each effect respectively.
A. 17.23 K, 20.97 K, 44.03 K C. 44.03 K, 20.97 K, 17.23 K
B. 14.54 K, 30.53 K, 37.15 K D. 37.15C, 30.53C, 14.54C
3.2. What is the operating pressure at the second effect?
A. 68.91 kPa B. 73.09 kPa C. 60.08 kPa D. 29.23 kPa
4. After 3 hours of operation of an evaporator that deposits scales, U = 900 W/m2-K is reduced to 80% of its original
value. If the operation is continued 7 hours more, what would be the final over-all heat transfer coefficient in W/m2-K?
A. 300 B. 530.79 C. 394.36 D. 591.84
5. In a single effect evaporator, 20 grams sucrose/80 grams water is to be concentrated to 50% (wt.) by evaporating the
water present on the 1600 kg/hr feed rate. What is the rate at which vapor is escaping?
A. 640 kg/hr B. 960 kg/hr C. 800 kg/hr D. 1200 kg/hr
6. One-hundred twenty kilograms per hour of 8 molal aqueous urea solution at 20C is fed to an evaporator operating at
141 kPa. Sixty percent of the water present is removed. Superheated steam is fed at 2.5 MPa and 600 K.
6.1. What amount of superheated steam is necessary to deliver the required heat?
A. 48.6302 kg/hr C. 51.2928 kg/hr
B. 71.3700 kg/hr D. 81.0504 kg/hr
6.2. Determine the required surface area if the over-all heat transfer coefficient is 35 W/m2-K.
A. 9.990 m2 B. 4.071 m2 C. 7.217 m2 D. 5.749 m2
 7. In a falling film long-tube vertical evaporator with heating area of 3.7 m2, saturated steam is supplied at 280F at a rate
of 1935.476 lbm/hr while the feed is at 100F. The specific heat capacity of the seawater is given by the equation
cp(xF),BTU/lbF = 1.3+0.51xF2 while the boiling point rise is given by BPE(xL),F = 21.29(xL)+1.28/xL. The evaporator
operates at 89.93 kPa with over-all heat transfer coefficient of 750 BTU/hr-ft2-F, and the concentrate which is 50% of
the feed leaves saturated.
7.1. Determine the %saturation of the leaving concentrate.
A. 27.55% B. 55.10% C. 62.87% D. 41.99%
7.2. What is the feed rate of the seawater?
A. 2750.9061 lb/hr C. 4125.9141 lb/hr
B. 1375.3047 lb/hr D. 687.65235 lb/hr
7.3. Does the design conform to the commercial standards?
A. Yes. B. No. C. Maybe. D. Lacks data.
8. A 20% (wt.) with a density of 190.538 lb/ft3 at 20C NaOH solution fed at 1100 lbm/hr was evaporated to 40% (wt.) in a
forced circulation evaporator by delivering heat from a dry saturated steam at 120C. The evaporator was operated at
60 kPa and the solution was charged on a 3 inch ID and 100 ft. length (in total) copper tube.
8.1. Calculate the steam requirement.
A. 550 lb/hr B. 1141 lb/hr C. 756 lb/hr D. 815 lb/hr
8.2. Estimate the surface area using the over-all heat transfer coefficient by Fragen and Badger.
A. 73.68 ft2 B. 65.61 ft2 C. 52.90 ft2 D. 86.48 ft2
9. One thousand pounds per hour cane sugar solution at 68F is concentrated to 45 Brix on a constant area, forward-
feed double effect standard horizontal tube evaporator. At 200 kPa, saturated steam is fed on the first effect while the
last effect operates at 115 mmHg. The specific heat capacity of the solution is constant at 0.92 BTU/lbF. The vapor on
the first effect leaves at 43.31 kPa. There is no appreciable boiling point elevation.
9.1. What is the area of the evaporator?
A. 10.21 ft2 B. 8.64 ft2 C. 5.93 ft2 D. 17.28 ft2
9.2. What amount of cane sugar in Brix is present after the first effect?
A. 40.11 B. 44.21 C. 41.63 D. 42.96
9.3. Determine the steam economy.
A. 1.283 B. 1.711 C. 1.861 D. 0.7794
9.4. If a condenser which operates at 850 mmHg vacuum is installed at the last effect, at what rate must the
cooling water at 20C be fed if the mixture of the condensate and water leaves at 36C?
A. 963.4827 lb/hr C. 2638.4805 lb/hr
B. 891.3034 lb/hr D. 1854.7861 lb/hr
10. A standard backward-feed double-effect evaporator was used to concentrate a 10% aqueous, viscous solution of an
organic medicine to 55%. The dry saturated steam was supplied at 7 psig and the last effect operates at 18.91 psi
vacuum. The over-all heat transfer coefficients were 3.2 kW/m2-K and 4.5 kW/m2-K, respectively. The solution is fed at
a rate of 2.5 kg/s at 25C and specific heat capacity is constant at 4 kJ/kg-K.
10.1. At what temperature did the vapor on the first effect escape?
A. 68.1C B. 110.5C C. 26.8C D. 85.4C
10.2. What was the area of the evaporator?
A. 27 m2 B. 33 m2 C. 39 m2 D. 24 m2
10.3. What was the rate of water left after the second effect?
A. 1.33 kg/s B. 0.25 kg/s C. 1.13 kg/s D. 1.58 kg/s
10.4. Determine the steam economy.
A. 0.856 B. 0.93 C. 1.69 D. 1.08

CRYSTALLIZATION

1. A solution of alum at 50C is crystallized in a Swenson-Walker Crystallizer to produce its icositetrahydrate crystals at
17C. If one ton of product is required by the client, how much water is present on the feed?
A. 4.464 tons B. 3.464 tons C. 3.717 tons D. 0.747 tons
2. A 25% solution of FeSO4 at 50 C is crystallized by evaporating 45% of the water present in the solution. It produces
copperas at 25C and saturated liquor.
2.1. What is the percent yield of crystals?
A. 30.973% B. 67.688% C. 35.277% D. 54.634%
 2.2. If the feed is saturated, what is the percent yield?
A. 92.30% B. 30.187% C. 20.748% D. 85.758%
3. BSU Inc. plans to produce 7000 lbm of blue vitriol at 22C for its market.
3.1. If 13000 lbm of saturated feed is to be used, what temperature must the feed be?
A. 64.47C B. 50C C. 75.212C D. 98.845C
3.2. If 13000 lbm of saturated mother liquor is to be obtained, what temperature must the feed be?
A. 69.128C B. 85.301C C. 75.043C D. 53.681C
4. For every 29 grams of Na2CO3H2O, 1 gram impure (but soluble) substance is present. A certain amount of this feed is
sufficiently dissolved in water mixed with the recycled mother liquor to produce a saturated solution at 30C. It is then
cooled to 10C to produce 500 kg Na2CO310H2O with 5% of its dry weight as adhered liquor and the remaining liquor
is partly discarded and recycled. According to commercial standards, the crystals must only contain 0.1% impurity and
as dry as possible.
4.1. What amount of water is removed from the drying process?
A. 24.497 kg B. 21.775 kg C. 22.278 kg D. 31.483 kg
4.2. What amount of feed is needed?
A. 243.834 kg B. 378.785 kg C. 524.497 kg D. 502.722 kg
4.3. What is the ratio of the discarded mother liquor to that of the recycled?
A. 1.553 B. 0.1435 C. 0.5740 D. 0.2130
5. The feed of a cooling crystallizer is cooled from 120F to 70F. It has 5 ft 2 of cooling surface per foot of running length
of crystallizer. If the heat rate is 44900 BTU/hr and the cooling water will be provided at 60F and 85F at the outlet,
determine its length. Use over-all heat transfer coefficient as 30 BTU/hr-ft2-F.
A. 15 ft. B. 16 ft. C. 17 ft. D. 18 ft.
6. A saturated solution containing 28% MnSO4 is to be cooled to 60C to produce 1.67 kg/s crystals on its hydrated form
and mother liquor unsaturated by 40% of its saturation percentage. The cooling water enters at 15C and leaves at
65C. Five units with 4 m2 of heating surface area each are needed.
6.1. What is the log-mean temperature difference?
A. 26.182C B. 36.560C C. 30.581C D. 45.10F
6.2. What is the over-all heat transfer coefficient?
A. 6.460 kW/m2-K C. 2.0461 kW/m2-C
B. 0.7005 kW/m -K 2 D. 1.2919 kW/m2-C
7. Strontium chloride saturated at 60C is crystallized on a vacuum crystallizer operating at 100 mm Hg. The saturated
solution corresponds to 4.5F boiling point elevation. One thousand five hundred pounds of SrCl 26H2O is required.
Assume no heat is absorbed from an external source.
hF = 80 BTU/lb hL = -20 BTU/lb hC = -200 BTU/lb
7.1. What is the temperature difference of the feed and the liquor?
A. 9F B. 16.15F C. 20.65F D. 6.5C
7.2. What is the enthalpy of the vapor?
A. 1117.791 BTU/lb C. 1098.412 BTU/lb
B. 1115.766 BTU/lb D. 191.072 BTU/lb
7.3. How much vapor is released during the process?
A. 495.790 lb B. 2448.250 lb C. 458.159 lb D. 1952.460 lb
8. One ton per hour of Na2S2O35H2O is to be crystallized by cooling a solution containing 40.5% Na2S2O3 to 30C with
no evaporation. The product is to be sized closely to No. 14 Tyler Mesh. Seed crystals of size No. 25 Tyler Mesh are
introduced with the solution as it enters the crystallizer. Solubility of Na2S2O35H2O at 30C is 27g/100g.
8.1. What is the ratio of the product to that of the seed crystal assuming that the mother liquor is separated?
A. 0.1261 B. 3.365 C. 0.994 D. 7.9323
8.2. What is the rate of mother liquor removal?
A. 0.4534 tons/hr C. 0.5466 tons/hr
B. 0.5189 tons/hr D. 0.7030 tons/hr
8.3. How much seed crystals are necessary to start the process?
A. 0.0654 tons/hr C. 0.1261 tons/hr
B. 0.5200 tons/hr D. 0.0933 tons/hr