99

X = Z1 x 1.25 (C.T. Ratio)

-------------------- x ----------------
Cos (theta-delta) (P.T. Ratio)

b) Assuming single line operation from the feeding post (FP) upto the sectioning post
(SP) & double line operation from SP to the adjoining FP, calculate the OHE impedance;
say this is Z calculate Y from the following relation:2

Y = Z x 1.25 (C.T. Ratio)

Cos (delta-delta) (P.T. Ratio)

a) a) Assuming an overload of 50% of the traction transformer and that the entire
current is fed through one feeder circuit breaker, critical impedance setting of the
relay (to allow line operation at maximum loads) is calculated from the following
relation:

Critical impedance setting = 24,000V CT Ratio

------------- -------------
1.5x rated full load PT ratio
current of transformer
in Ampere x cos ( theeta-fyi )

Where Theeta= maximum torque angle of relay

Fyi = Load angle may be taken as 40 degree

Say, critical impedance setting is Z. For the relay not to operate under the said overload
conditions, the impedance setting of the relay must be lower than Z.

b) b) The impedance setting of the Mho relay should be a minimum of Y and a

maximum of X. The setting should also not exceed Z. In other words, when the
value of Z lies between X & Y, the relay may be set to Z. If Z is higher than Z,. then
the relay may be set to Z. If Z is less than Y, then the relay should be set to Y and it
should be understood that the assumed overload will not be permitted by the relay.
Note that the values X, Y and Z are calculated along the maximum torque angle line
of the relay.

iii. iii. The relay settings may be calculated by following the procedure given
at (I) or (ii) above for the two sides of the feeding post separately. However, the
distance protection relays of both the feeders should be set to higher of the two
calculated values. This is to ensure that when one feeder breaker is taken out for
maintenance, the relay should be able to see the faults on either side of feeding
post.
2.2 2.2 Instantaneous over-current protection

This relay provides primary protection to the catenary on earth faults in the vicinity of the
feeding post. The current setting of the relay may correspond to about 200% of the
continuous current rating of the traction transformer. Assuming that a factor of 1.25 will
account for the CT and relay errors and relay transient over reach, the relay will allow
loads of about 200/1.25 i.e. 160% of the rated load current.
23. 23. Wrong Phase coupling protection using offset MHO type
YCG 14( English Electric Make)
The impedance setting of the English Electric make YCG-14 relay is given by K 1 K 2
(K3 + K4 ), where K1 & K2 are plug board settings and K & KK are potentinmeter
setting ( Refer Relay Catalogue). The maximum torque angle of the relay is 125 and
forward off set is about 10% of K K .. The WPC relay at that substation where the 25
kV voltage is lagging with respect to the voltage at the substation with which it has been
wrongly coupled will operate.
The impedance setting of the WPC relays at TSS 1 may be determined graphically
following the procedure
INDIAN RAILWAYS-AC TRACTION MANUAL [100]
h. The impedance settings of wrong phase coupling relay for two sides of the TSS-1
may be calculated individually following the above procedure. The higher of the two
values may be adopted for both the WPC relays at TSS-1.\

1. 1. Traction sub-station Transformer protection:

Low Voltage side ( 25 kV side)

1. Restricted earth fault relay

The current setting of this relay may correspond to 10% of the rated current of traction
power transformer.

ii. ii. IDMT over current relay

The function of this relay is to act as back up protection to the feeder protection relays.
The reach of the relay should be as much as possible. However, to permit overloading of
the traction power transformer of the traction substation, the current setting of the relay
may be selected to correspond to 150% of the rated current of the traction power
transformer.

The time-multiplier setting of the IDMT relay may be selected such that the relay
operation time is 0.4 to 0.5 sec. For an earth fault on the 25 kV bus.

1.2 1.2 High Voltage side ( 220KV/132KV/110KV/66KV side)

I. I. Restricted earth fault relay

The current setting of the relay may correspond to 10% of the rated current of traction
power transformer.

ii. ii. IDMT over current relay with instantaneous over current element

The instantaneous element may be set to correspond to a current of 1.25 times the fault
current, for an earth fault on the 25 kV bus at the traction substation. The purpose of
such setting is to avoid operation of this relay for 25 kV bus faults at the traction
substation.

The current setting of the IDMT relay may be such that it has maximum reach but
permits overloading of traction transformer. The setting may, therefore, be selected to
correspond to 150% of the rated current of traction power transformer. To have time
grading with the IDMT relay on the 25 kV side, the time multiplier setting may be
selected such that the relay operating time is 0.8 to 0.9 sec. For earth fault on the 25 kV
bus at the traction sub-station.

iii. Biased differential relay (type DDT)

The three settings of the relay may be selected as follows:

a) The percentage bias setting should be so chosen that the relay remains inoperative
on differential currents resulting from (1) tap changing on traction transformer, (2)
mismatch in CT ratios and (3) difference in CT saturation levels under through-fault
conditions. Percentage mismatch resulting from factors (1) and (2) may be calculated
from actual data and an allowance of 7.5 to 15% may be made for factor (3).

b) The operating current setting may be taken as 40%. If mal-operations of the relay
are observed on through faults and magnetizing inrush (switching in of power
transformer), a higher setting may be considered.

c) The time multiplier setting may be taken as 1. If mal-operations of the relay are
noted on magnetizing in rush but not on through faults, then the time multiplier
setting may be increased.

d) INDIAN RAILWAYS AC TRACTION MANUAL VOL II PART II

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