SEGI UNIVERSITY KOTA DAMANSARA

B.ENG (HONS) CIVIL ENGINEERING

MECHANICS OF MATERIAL ECV 3143

buckling test
LAB 02

S.NO NAME STUDENT ID

1 AHMED MAHMOUD SALAMA ELQAZAZ SUKD1504363

Submission of Report : 25/4/2017

Submitted To : Mr. Ir Pan

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Abstract ............................................................... 3

2. Objective ............................................................... 3

3. Apparatus ............................................................... 3

4. Introduction ...................................................... 4

5. Procedure ..................................................................4-10

6. Result & Calculation ................................................... 9-12

7. Discussion ................................................. 13

8. Conclusion ............................................... 13

9. Reference ..... .........................................13

10. Apparatus 14

ABSTRACT

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At the beginning of the experiment I will mention the most important use of
columns . Columns are used in part design especially rocket wings. It supports load
but most often a critical load is determined when twisting occurs. This occurs either
by defects in the column or by loading .This test was arranged with confirmed
default predictions when columns buckle and how to increase critical load. It was
accepted that The longer columns were supposed to buckle sooner and also simply
backed up. See also The clamped end columns are also further established by a
factor of 4. Another assumption was that increasing the bending ratio of columns
would reduce their critical stress. The experiment analysis was prepared by loading
varying lengths of beams with both a simple support and clamped fixiti .

OBJECTIVE

1. To determine the effect the slenderness ratio has on the load

carrying strength of pin ended columns.

2. To determination critical buckling loads for columns with support.

3. To checking the Euler theory of buckling.

4. To verify the effect of different material parameters

5. To keep an eye on short intermediate and long column behavior under the
application of a compressible load.

APPRATUS

Column buckling machine.

S4 and S6 metal bar
Ruler
Dial gauge
Vernier caliper
INTRODUCTION

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 Deformation of columns under load is an important property of materials that must
be considered for planning and designing calculations.(Leonard Euler) was the first
scientist to work on it and derived the equations that specialized in this field. In the
buckling test, the maximum load which is the largest load column can support before
deformation is associated with the yong coefficient of moment of inertia and
sample. If appropriate material is used so the result going be reliable and accurate

enough.
A column under a concentric axial load exhibiting the characteristic deformity of
buckling

If the load on a column is applied through the center of gravity of its cross section, it
is called an axial load. A load at any other point in the cross section is known as an
whimsical load.

a. Columns and supports in construction and steel engineering

b. Lifting spindles in lifting gear.
c. Stop rods for valve actuation and connecting rods in motor construction .
d. Piston rods for hydraulic cylinders

PROCEDURE
Some of the instruments were used for experiment such as test device( machine)
vernier caliper, ruler, mild steel bar S4 and S6 bar and force gauge and measuring
gauge which were attached in machine by a guide column, a piece of paper and a
pen to record data

PROCEDURE (PIN PIN)

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1) The testing machine, The The test model were set well in vertical position, as shown
in figure as shown in figure no.1 .

Fig 1.

A mild steel bar S4 pin-pin was measured with a long metal ruler and recorded the
length which was64.8 cm long, height 0.1 cm and base was 1.80 cm

as shown in figure 2

Fig 2

2) Guide column and load cross bar were adjusted as we required .

3) A long thrust with notch was inserted into the guide bush of the load cross bar.
4) A steel bar S4 was inserted with in the notch and let it hold promptly as
shown in figure 3.

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 fig 3

Fig 4

5) A measuring Measure was aligned to the middle of the steel sample using the
supports clamps and it was set at a right angle to the direction of buckling.
6) The measuring gauge was pretighened to 12.885 mm deflection with the
adjustable support.
7) The specimen bar load was subjected by using the load nut when the force was
applied 100N as shown in figure 4 and the specimen bar was bent when the
forced was applied 950 N and as shown in figure 5.

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 8) Then we applied different forces one by one, reading was shown in force
gauge and deflection reading was shown in measuring gauge and recorded as
shown in the table below

Fig 5
9) Then we made a table to record the readings as shown in the table below.

Force (N) Deflection(mm)

100 0

200 0.205

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 300 0.385

400 0.620

500 0.910

600 1.390

700 2.245

800 3.97

PROCEDURE (PIN FIXED)

1. The testing machine, force gauge were set well in vertical position, other tools
were in good condition as well and as shown in figure as shown in figure no 6.

Fig 6.

2. A mild steel bar S6 fixed-pin specimen were measured with a long ruler and on
record the length which was 64.7 cm long, height 0.1 cm and base was 1.8 cm as
shown in figure 6

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 Fig 6

3. Then we did the same steps as the first experiment and recording the outputs
shown below in table no 2 and which was recorded during experiment.

Force(N) Deflection(mm
)
100 0

150 0.830

200 1.235

250 1.760

300 2.510

350 3.550

400 5.495

450 7.785

500 12.510

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RESULT & CALCULATIONS

Pin-pin joint (S4) :

Length =650 mm
Dimensions =650 17 1.5mm

Modulus of elasticity = 210000 N/mm

Force (N) Deflection(mm)

100 0

200 0.205

300 0.385

400 0.620

500 0.910

600 1.390

700 2.245

800 3.97

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 Graph of Load (N) vs Deflection (mm) for the Pinned-Pinned
1000
Joints
900
800
700
Load, P (N)

600
500
Series1
400
Linear (Series1)
300
200
100
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
Deflection d (mm)

CALCULATIONS

lk = L lk = 650 mm

Area = breadth * height

=1.5 mm X 17 mm
= 25.5 mm

= = = 4.78 mm4

= = 23.45 N

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 Fixed pinned joint (S6 )

Length =650 mm
Dimensions =650 17 1.5mm

Modulus of elasticity = 210000 N/mm

Force(N) Deflection(mm
)
100 0

150 0.830

200 1.235

250 1.760

300 2.510

350 3.550

400 5.495

450 7.785

500 12.510

Graph of Load (N) vs Deflection (mm) for the fixed-Pinned Joints lk =.

600 0.7L
lk
500
= 455

400 mm
Load, P (N)

300
Series1
Linear (Series1)
200

100

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Deflection d (mm)

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 Area = breadth * height
=1.5 mm X 17 mm
= 25.5 mm

= = = 4.78 mm4

= = 47.85 N

DISCUSSION

Materials vary according to their different mechanical characteristics and must be

tested before use for construction and engineered structured In this experiment we
tested the torsion of steel column and pulled it according to the table and agreed
outputs and discovered some errors

There are three reasons for the first error is that the columns have been used
repeatedly to repeat this experiment and this causes weakness and strain It was
better to use the newly manufactured columns for each experiment to reduce the
error ratio

Each experience came in a style that increased lift rate decreased critical stress. This
shows that it is best when designing columns to resist twisting should be kept as
short as possible, and also should be installed at the end

There has also been a measurement error due to poor testing of bad samples and
poor calibration equipment. Torsion samples have been seen several times prior to
this test, and the clamps are not aligned to the parallel force position along the beam

CONCLUSION

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Each experiment followed the trend, which lead to an increase in critical altitude.
This demonstrates that when the twisting torsion columns are designed it should be
kept as short as likely and also should be installed at the ends.Another way that has
not been tested in this experiment is to increase the column stiffness by using
engineering properties and materials. As for the ratio of the grade to the critical data
has been supported despite the fact that there are some errors than the thirtical loads
of the stabilized case

REFERENCE

abstract and Introduction Available at :

https://www.slideshare.net/asghar123456/buckling-test-engt110

Apparatus and OBJECTIVE Available at :

file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/Buckling%20Test%20Proper%20one%20(2).pdf

Result and Calculation Available at :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckling

DISCUSSION and Conclusion Available at :

https://www.scribd.com/doc/30744553/Column-Buckling-Lab

Apparatus:

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