KIET/EN/EECAD-Lab/1

PRACTICAL MANUAL
EE CAD Lab

To design single phase core-type transformer

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Experiment No. - 1

Object: To design single phase core-type transformer

Apparatus Used:

S No. Software Specification/Version Qty.

1. MATLAB MATLAB 6.5 30 Users

Theory:

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PROBLEM :
Determine the dimension of the core and yoke for a 200 kVA, 50Hz single phase core type
transformer. A cruciform core is used with distance between adjacent limbs equal to 1.6
times the width of core laminations.
Assume
voltage per turn 14 V,
maximum flux density 1.1Wb/mm2.
window space factor .32,
current density 3amp/mm2 and stacking factor = .9
The net iron area is .56d2 in a cruciform core where d is the diameter of circumscribing
circle. Also width of largest stamping is .85d

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SOLUTION:
Given that:
Et = 14 V , f = 50Hz, Bm = 1.1Wb/m2
Et = 4.44fBmAi
Therefore Ai = Et/(4.44x50x1.1) = .0573m2
Diameter of circumscribing circle d = Ai/.56 = .32m
As we now have d so we also got...
Width of largest stamping a = .85d = .272m
Distance between core centres D = 1.6a = .435m
Width of window Ww = D - d = .435 - .32 = .115m
Now in single phase transformer equation
Q = 2.22fBmKwJAwAi x 10-3
we already have
Q = 200kVA ;
f = 50Hz ;
Bm = 1.1Wb/m2;
J =3x106 amp/m2 and
Ai = .0573m2
so Aw = Q/(2.22fBmKwJAi x 10-3) = .0298 m2
Height of window Hw = Aw/Ww = .0298/.115 = .26m
As core type therefore Dy = Hy = a = .272m
Overall height of frame H = Hw + 2Hy = .26 + 2x0.272 = .804m
Overall length of frame W = D + a = .435 + .272 = .737m

MATLAB Program

% determining_dimensions_of_core
function transformer ()
Vrate = 200;
f = 50;
% IronArea = .56(d^2);
% giving multiplicative constant KAi = .56
KAi = .56;
% cruciform core
flux_max_den = 1.1;
window_space_factor = .32;

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J = 3;
% k = Stepping_factor = .9;
% Largest_stamping_width = .85d;
% giving KLsw = .85;
KLsw = .85;
VperTurn = 14;
fprintf('Program to determine dimension of core Single Phase\n');
fprintf('---------------------------------------------------`\n');
fprintf('First finding area of iron core...\n');
Ai = VperTurn/(4.44*f*flux_max_den);
fprintf('\nSo Ai area of iron core = ');
disp(Ai);
fprintf('\nSo from Ai we get diameter of circumscribing circle dcir = ');
dcir = sqrt(Ai/KAi);
disp(dcir);
% finding largest stamping width
fprintf('\nSo from dcir we also got largest stamping width = ');
a = KLsw*dcir;
disp(a);
% distance between adjacent limb Dadjacent = 1.6 times largest stamping width
KDadjacent = 1.6;
Dadjacent = KDadjacent*a;
fprintf('\nDistance between adjacent limb Dadjacent = ');
disp(Dadjacent);
% q = v rating
q = Vrate;
% finding Aw area of window
Aw = (q*(1e3))/(2.22*J*f*flux_max_den*window_space_factor*(1e6)*Ai);
fprintf('\nFinding Aw area of window width = ');
disp(Aw);
% width of window
fprintf('\nWidth of window Ww = ');
Ww = Dadjacent - dcir;
disp(Ww);
% Hw height of window
Hw = Aw/Ww;

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fprintf('\nHeight of window Hw = ');

disp(Hw);
% depth of yolk Dy
fprintf('\nDepth of yoke = ');
%as core type therefore
Dy = a;
Hy = a;
disp(Dy);
fprintf('\nHeight of yoke = ');
disp(Hy);
% Hframe height of frame
Hframe = Hw + (2*Hy);
fprintf('\nHeight of frame Hframe = ');
disp(Hframe);
% Wframe width of frame
Wframe = Dadjacent + a;
fprintf('\nWidth of frame Wframe = ');
disp(Wframe);
fprintf('\nEnd of Program....');
fprintf('\n--------------------------------------');
fprintf('\nCreated by MasoodRizvi\n');
fprintf('\n--------------------------------------');
end

PROGRAM OUTPUT
Program to determine dimension of core of Single Phase transformer

First finding area of iron core...

So Ai area of iron core = 0.0573
So from Ai we get diameter of circumscribing circle dcir = 0.3200
So from dcir we also got largest stamping width = 0.2720
Distance between adjacent limb Dadjacent = 0.4351
Finding Aw area of window width = 0.0298
Width of window Ww = 0.1152

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Height of window Hw = 0.2584

Depth of yoke = 0.2720
Height of yoke = 0.2720
Height of frame Hframe = 0.8023
Width of frame Wframe = 0.7071
End of Program....

Result :- we will be got same result as manually find out.

Precaution:-

1. Never Switch Off the Supply mains without proper shutting down the computer.
2. Dont keep the bags on the computer table.
3. Dont disturb settings of computer.
4. Dont use the computer for playing games.
5. Use internet only for project and seminar work.
6. Always LOG OFF the computer before leaving the lab.

Viva Quotations:-

1. What are the advantages of Advantages of computer aided machine design over
conventional machine design
Ans : The use of computer reduces the time and money used for the tedious and lengthy
calculations. This time can be utilized by the designer in developing some kind of
ideology. Several characteristics of computer aided design are as follows:
(i) The computer has large memory so it can store maximum data required in the
design.
(ii) Computer can perform calculations in short time.
(iii)Change in large number of parameters can be modeled, simultaneously using loops
in computer aided design.
(iv) Optimization of design can be obtained by computers hence it reduces cost on
fabrication.
(v) Design of transformer/machine becomes accurate, reliable and cost effective due to
less error in calculations, high speed, fast decision and better optimization.

2. Why stepped core are generally used for transformer.

Ans: LV and HV coils are circular ,for better utilization of apace, for reducing the mean
length of LV and HV turns, resulting in saving of copper material.

3. What are the advantages of using higher flux density in the core?
Ans: Reduction in core and yoke section for same output. reduction in mean length of LV
and HV turns, resulting in saving of copper material, reduced over all size and weight of
transformer.
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4. List various disadvantages of using higher flux density in design of core.

Ans: Increased magnetizing current and iron losses, saturation of magnetic material, lower
efficiency, because of higher no load losses, higher temperature rise of transformer.

5. Why the cross section of yoke is taken greater than core section.
Ans: In order to reduce flux density in the yoke, there by reducing iron losses and no load
current in the yoke section.

6. Name a few insulating materials that are used in transformers.

Ans: Press board, cable paper, varnished silk, transformer oil, porcelain, insulating varnish.

Industrial application:-

1. It steps up the level of voltage at generation side before transmission and

distributionupto 400kV.At distribution side, for commercial or domestic use of
electricity, transformer steps down the level of voltage for example from 11kV to 220 V
(single phase) and 440 V (three phase).
2. It can increase or decrease the value of capacitor, an inductor or resistance in an
AC circuit. It can thus act as an impedance transferring device.
3. It can be used to prevent DC from passing from one circuit to the other.
4. It can isolate two circuits electrically.
5. It is used for impedance matching.
6. It is used as Current Transformer and Potential Transformerin power system and in
industry for measurement.

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