Apparatus for Practical of MSc class

MSc Class Semester 1

Phycology and bryology Course Code BOT-301

Practical outline:

1. Phycology
Collection of fresh water and marine algae
Identification of benthic and planktonic algae
Preparation of temporary slides
Section cutting of thalloid algae
Use of camera lucida/ Micrographs
2. Bryology
1- Study of following genera
Pellia, Porella, Anthocerose and pollytrichome

Apparatus Chemicals Glassware Plant Sample

1- Microscope 2- Camera 5- Slides Pellia, Porella,
Anthocerose and
lucida 6- Cover slips
pollytrichome.
3- Methyl blue 7- Distilled
Chlamydomonas,
4- Safranine water cladophora,
Diatoms, Ectocrpus,
polysiphonia,
sorghassam,
Vaucharia,

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Mycology Course Code BOT-302

Practical outline:

1- Processing and staining of roots for VA mycorrhizal assessment in roots of crop plants.
Isolation and identification of endogonaceous fungi from soil by wet sieving and
decanting techniques.
2- Field study of Macro fungi, Mushrooms, Toadstools, Rusts, Smuts and other parasitic
fungi.
3- Isolation of pathogenic fungi from diseased tissues.
4- Anatomical and microscopic study of lichens.
5- Identification of various types of Ecto-myccorhiza
6- Study of interaction of fungi in culture, Macroscopic and microscopic examination of
common locally available types representing various taxonomic groups.
7- Collection, preservation and identification of at least 25 mycological specimens.

Apparatus Glassware Chemical Plants

1. Binocular 1. Test tubes 1- Lichen,
Microscope 2. Petri Dishes 1- Stains 2- Mycorrhizal
2. Laminar Air 3. Cover slips 2- Methanol roots,
Flow 4. Droppers 3- KOH 3- Mushrooms gill
3. Autoclave 5. Pippets 4- Agar samples
advanced 6. Micro pippets 5- Nutrient
7. Needles Agar
8. Aluminum 6- Yeast
Foil 7- Iodine blue
9. Cotton

Prepared slides
1- Mucor
2- Rhizopus
3- Pencillium
4- Rusts
5- Smuts
6- Pilobolus
7- Mushroom gills
8- Agaricus
9- Puccinia Graminus
10- Myccorrhizal roots( VAM and AM)
11- Liche

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Diversity of vascular plants Course Code BOT-303

Practical outline:

1- To study of the morphological and reproductive features of available genera.

2- Study trips to different parts of Pakistan for the collection of identification of important
pteridophytes, Gymnopsperms and Angiosperms.

Apparatus Chemicals Glassware Plant

Sample
1- Microscope 1. Methyl blue 1- Slides Psilotum,
Lycopodium,
2. Safranine 2- Cover slips
sallaginalla,
3. Fast Green 3- Distilled water
Equistem,
4. Alcohol 4- Petri dishes Marsillia,
Dryopteris,
Cooksonia,
Cones of
gymnosperms
.

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Cell Biology Course Code BOT-304

Practical outline:

1- Measurement of Cell Size.

2- Study of different types of plastids.
3- Study of streaming movement in stamina Tradescantia.
4- Identification of DNA in plant material. Carmine orcein staining.
5- Study of Mitosis and Meiosis by smear / Squash method. And from prepared slides.
6- Study of Drosophila culture techniques and salivary glands and chromosomes.

Apparatus Glassware Chemicals

1- Binocular 1. Slides 1- Aceto orcein Stain
Microscope 2. Cover slips 2- Ethanol
3. Ocular and stage 3- Distilled Water
micrometers 4- Aceto Carmin stain
4. Centrifugal machine 5- Protease enzyme
5. Test tubes
6. Beakers
7. Prepared slides of
mitosis and Meiosis
8. Slide of plasma
membrane and
Nucleus
9. Slides of prokaryotes
and Eukaryotic cells

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Plant Biochemistry Course Code BOT-305

Practical outline:

1- Solutions, Acids and bases. Electrolytes and non-electrolytes, Buffers, PH,

Chemical Bonds.
2- To determine the Rf value of monosaccharides on a paper chromatograms.
3- To estimate the amount of reducing and non-reducing sugars in plant material titrimetric
ally/ spectrophotometric ally.
4- To determine the saponification number of fats.
5- To extract and estimate oil from plant metrical using soxhlet apparatu7s.
6- Analysis of various lipids by TLC Method.
7- To estimate the soluble proteins by biuret or lowery or dye binding method.
8- To estimate the total amount of nitrogen in plant material by Kjheldals method.to
determine the Rf value of amino acids on a paper chromatograms.
9- Extraction of Nucleic acid from plant material and their estimation by UV absorption of
color reaction.

Apparatus Glassware Chemicals

1- Ph measuring papers 1. Beakers
2- Spectrophotometer 2. Test tubes
3- Soxhlet apparatus 3. Pippets
4- Kjehldal apparatus 4. Burretes
5- Tripod stands
6- Chromatographic tanks
7- WhatmansFilter Paper

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Plant Ecology Course Code BOT-306

Practical outline:

1- Determination of physic chemical properties of soil and water.

2- Measurement of wind velocity.
3- Measurement of light and temperature under different ecological conditions.
4- Measurement of CO2 and O2 concentration in air and water.
5- Effect of light, Temperature, Humidity, Salinity and soil type on germination and
growing of seeds.
6- Measurement of stomatal conductance, osmotic potential, water potential and leaf area in
relation to different environmental factors.
7- Study tour to different water logged and saline areas.

Apparatus Glassware Chemicals

1- Drying oven 1- Beakers 1. NaCl
2- Desiccator 2- Test tubes 2. KOH
3- Lux meter 3- Measuring cylinders 3.
4- Photometer 50, 100, 250, 500,
5- Spectrophotometer 1000 (ml).
6- Anemometer
7- Thermometer
8- CO2 Sensor

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