CONDICIONAL TIPO CERO

FORMACIN
En las oraciones condicionales de tipo 0 ("zero conditional"), el tiempo verbal en ambas proposiciones es el "simple present".

Proposicin "if" (condicin) Proposicin principal (resultado)

"If" + "simple present" "simple present"

If this thing happens that thing happens.

Como ocurre con todas las oraciones condicionales, el orden de las proposiciones no es fijo. Es posible que sea necesario modificar los pronombres y la
puntuacin al revertir el orden de las proposiciones pero el significado de la oracin no cambiar. En las oraciones de "zero conditional" se puede sustituir "if"
por "when" sin afectar al significado, puesto que ambos trminos sirven para expresar hechos generales.

EJEMPLOS
If you heat ice, it melts.
Ice melts if you heat it.
When you heat ice, it melts.
Ice melts when you heat it.
If it rains, the grass gets wet.
The grass gets wet if it rains.
When it rains, the grass gets wet.
The grass gets wet when it rains.
FUNCIONES
El condicional tipo 0 se emplea para realizar afirmaciones sobre el mundo real y suele referirse a hechos generales que damos por ciertos, como los hechos
cientficos. En estas oraciones el marco temporal es ahora o siempre y la situacin es real y posible.

EJEMPLOS
If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
Plants die if they don't get enough water.
If my husband has a cold, I usually catch it.
If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.
If you mix red and blue, you get purple.

El condicional tipo cero suele tambin utilizarse para dar instrucciones y, en este caso, el verbo de la clusula principal va en imperativo.

EJEMPLOS
If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema.
Ask Pete if you're not sure what to do.
If you want to come, call me before 5:00.
Meet me here if we get separated.
CONDICIONAL TIPO 1
FORMACIN
En una oracin condicional de tipo 1, el verbo de la proposicin "if" va en "simple present", mientras que el de la clusula principal va en "simple future".

Proposicin "if" (condicin) Proposicin principal (resultado)

If + simple present simple future

If this thing happens that thing will happen.

Como ocurre con todas las oraciones condicionales, el orden de las proposiciones no es fijo. Es posible que sea necesario modificar los pronombres y la
puntuacin al cambiar el orden de las clusulas pero el significado de la oracin no cambia.

EJEMPLOS
If it rains, you will get wet.
You will get wet if it rains.
If Sally is late again I will be mad.
I will be mad if Sally is late again.
If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.
You will miss the bus if you don't hurry.
FUNCIONES
El "type 1 conditional" se refiere a una condicin posible y su resultado probable. Estas oraciones se basan en hechos y se utilizan para hacer afirmaciones
sobre la realidad y sobre situaciones particulares; solemos emplearlas para hacer advertencias. El marco temporal de las oraciones condicionales de tipo 1
es el presente o el futuro y la situacin es real.

EJEMPLOS
If I have time, I'll finish that letter.
What will you do if you miss the plane?
Nobody will notice if you make a mistake.
If you drop that glass, it will break.
If you don't drop the gun, I'll shoot!
If you don't leave, I'll call the police.

En oraciones condicionales de tipo 1 tambin es posible utilizar verbos modales en la clusula principal, en lugar del futuro, para expresar el grado de
certeza, permiso o una recomendacin sobre el resultado.

EJEMPLOS
If you drop that glass, it might break.
I may finish that letter if I have time.
If he calls you, you should go.
If you buy my school supplies for me, I will be able to go to the park.
CONDICIONAL TIPO 2
FORMACIN
En una oracin condicional de tipo 2, el tiempo verbal de la clusula "if" es el "simple past" y el de la proposicin principal puede ser el "present conditional" o
el "present continuous conditional".

Proposicin "if" Proposicin principal

If + simple past "present conditional" o "present continuous conditional"

If this thing happened that thing would happen.

Como ocurre con todas las oraciones condicionales, el orden de las proposiciones no es fijo. Es posible que sea necesario modificar los pronombres y la
puntuacin al cambiar el orden de las clusulas pero el significado de la oracin sigue siendo el mismo.

EJEMPLOS
If it rained, you would get wet.
You would get wet if it rained.
If you went to bed earlier you wouldn't be so tired.
You wouldn't be so tired if you went to bed earlier.
If she fell, she would hurt herself.
She would hurt herself if she fell.
FUNCIONES
El "type 2 conditional" sirve para hacer referencia a una condicin hipottica o poco probable y a su resultado probable. Estas oraciones no aluden a una
situacin real. En las oraciones condicionales de tipo 2, el marco temporal es ahora o en cualquier momento y la situacin es hipottica.

EJEMPLOS
If the weather wasn't so bad, we would go to the park. (Pero hace mal tiempo, as que no podemos ir.)
If I was the Queen of England, I would give everyone a chicken. (Pero no soy la Reina.)
If you really loved me, you would buy me a diamond ring.
If I knew where she lived, I would go and see her.

Con el verbo "to be", es correcto y adems muy habitual decir "if I were" en lugar de "if I was".

EJEMPLOS
If I were taller, I would buy this dress.
If I were 20, I would travel the world.
If I were you, I would give up smoking.
If I were a plant, I would love the rain.

En las oraciones condicionales de tipo 2 tambin pueden emplearse los modales en la proposicin principal para expresar el grado de certeza, permiso o una
recomendacin sobre el resultado.

EJEMPLOS
We might buy a larger house if we had more money
He could go to the concert if you gave him your ticket.
If he called me, I couldn't hear.
EL "PRESENT CONDITIONAL"
El "present conditional" de cualquier verbo est compuesto por dos elementos:
"would" + infinitivo sin "to" del verbo principal

Sujeto + would + infinitivo

He would go

They would stay

TO GO: PRESENT CONDITIONAL

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa Interrogativa negativa

I would go I wouldn't go Would I go? Wouldn't I go?

You would go You wouldn't go Would you go? Wouldn't you go?

He would go He wouldn't go Would he go? Wouldn't he go?

She would go She wouldn't go Would she go? Wouldn't she go?

We would go We wouldn't go Would we go? Wouldn't we go?

They would go They wouldn't go Would they go? Wouldn't they go?
CONDICIONAL TIPO 3
FORMACIN
En una oracin condicional de tipo 3, el tiempo verbal de la proposicin "if" es el "past perfect" y el de la clusula principal puede ser el "perfect conditional" o
el "perfect continuous conditional".

Proposicin "if" Proposicin principal

If + past perfect "perfect conditional" o "perfect continuous conditional"

If this thing had happened that thing would have happened.

Como ocurre con todas las oraciones condicionales, el orden de las proposiciones no es fijo. Es posible que sea preciso modificar los pronombres y la
puntuacin al revertir el orden de las clusulas pero el significado de la oracin seguir siendo el mismo.

EJEMPLOS
If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
You would have gotten wet if it had rained.
You would have passed your exam if you had worked harder.
If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me before.
If you hadn't lied to me before, I would have believed you.
FUNCIONES
El "type 3 conditional" se refiere a una condicin imposible, situada temporalmente en el pasado, y a su resultado probable en el pasado. Estas oraciones son
ciertamente hipotticas e irreales porque, en este momento, es demasiado tarde para que la condicin o su resultado se produzcan. El condicional tipo 3 casi
siempre implica cierto arrepentimiento o que lamentamos algo. La realidad es lo opuesto o lo contrario de lo que se expresa en la oracin. En las oraciones
condicionales de tipo 3 el marco temporal es el pasado y la situacin es hipottica.

EJEMPLOS
If I had worked harder I would have passed the exam. (But I didn't work hard, and I didn't pass the exam.)
If I had known you were coming I would have baked a cake. (But I didn't know and I didn't bake a cake.)
I would have been happy if you had called me on my birthday. (But you didn't call me and I am not happy.)

En las oraciones condicionales de tipo 3 tambin pueden emplearse los modales en la clusula principal, en lugar de "would", para expresar el grado de
certeza, permiso o una recomendacin sobre el resultado.

EJEMPLOS
If I had worked harder I might have passed the exam.
You could have been on time if you had caught the bus.
If he called you, you could go.
If you bought my school supplies for me, I might be able to go to the park.

CONTRACCIONES
Tanto "would" como "had" pueden contraerse de la misma forma, -'d, algo que puede generar confusin si no dominamos las oraciones condicionales de tipo
3. Recuerda estas 2 reglas:
1. "would" nunca aparece en la proposicin "if", por tanto, si "-'d" aparece en la proposicin "if", ser la contraccin de "had".
2. "had" nunca se pone antes de "have", por tanto, si "-'d" aparece tras un pronombre y va seguido de "have", ser la contraccin de "would".

EJEMPLOS
 If I'd known you were in hospital, I'd have visited you.
If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited you.
I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your birthday.
I would have bought you a present if I had known it was your birthday.
If you'd given me your e-mail, I'd have written to you.
If you had given me your e-mail, I would have written to you.

EL "PERFECT CONDITIONAL"
El "perfect conditional" de cualquier verbo est compuesto por tres elementos:
would + have + past participle
"Have", seguido del "past participle" de un verbo, se emplea tambin en otras construcciones. Se denomina "perfect infinitive".

Sujeto + would + have + past participle

He would have gone

They would have stayed

TO GO: PERFECT CONDITIONAL

Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa Interrogativa negativa

I would have gone I wouldn't have gone Would I have gone? Wouldn't I have gone?

You would have gone You wouldn't have gone Would you have gone? Wouldn't you have gone?

He would have gone He wouldn't have gone Would he have gone? Wouldn't he have gone?
She would have gone She wouldn't have gone Would she have gone? Wouldn't she have gone?

We would have gone We wouldn't have gone Would we have gone? Wouldn't we have gone?

They would have gone They wouldn't have gone Would they have gone? Wouldn't they have gone?
The structure to form affirmative sentences is: Subject + auxiliary verb
(to have) + past participle + complement.

For example:
-I have [Ive] talked to Peter.
-She has [Shes] gone to work.
-We have [Weve] been to London.
-They have [Theyve] learned English.

The structure to form negative sentences is: Subject + auxiliary verb

(to have) (-)+ past participle + complement.

For example:
-I havent talked to Peter.
-She hasnt gone to work.
-We havent been to London.
-They havent learned English.

The structure to form questions is: Auxiliary verb (to have) + subject
+ past participle + complement.
Have you talked to Peter?

Is used the perfect present for actions that occurred in a non-specific

time before now. The specific time is not important. Therefore, we do
not usually use the present perfect expressions of specific time ("this
morning", "yesterday", "last year" ...). You can use the present perfect
with no concrete expressions of time ("never", "ever", "many times",
"for", "since", "already", "yet" ...).
Por ejemplo:

If I had known the answer, I would have raised my hand

Si hubiese sabido la respuesta, habra levantado la mano

If she had studied, she would have passed the exam

Si ella hubiese estudiado, habra aprobado el examen
Para formar la negativa simplemente hay que seguir las reglas normales de la
gramtica inglesa para las negaciones.
Seguimos con los dos ejemplos anteriores:

If I hadn't known the answer, I wouldn't have raised my hand

Si no hubiese sabido la respuesta, no habra levantado la mano

If she hadn't studied, she wouldn't have passed the exam

Si ella no hubiese estudiado, no habra aprobado el examen
En cuanto a las interrogativas, tambin debemos tener en cuenta la estructura
de las interrogaciones segn la gramtica inglesa. Por ejemplo:

What would you have done if you had been in London?

Qu habras hecho si hubieras estado en Londres?
Si pinchis aqu podris practicar el tercer condicional online.
Y si pinchis aqu podris practicar todos los condicionales.

Os aconsejo que veis mi video tutorial sobre la segunda condicional, ya que

ah explico algunos aspectos que hay que tener en cuenta cuando utilizamos
condicionales y que os pueden venir bien para las terceras condicionales.

Por ltimo, no quera dejar pasar la oportunidad de comentaros que hoy es el

cumpleaos del escritor y filsofo italiano Umberto Eco (84 aos), con lo cual
os dejo una cita de l.
 Irregular Verbs

Simple Past Past Participle

awake awoke awoken / awakened
be was/were been
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bend bent bent
bet bet bet
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brough brought
build built built
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
get got gotten
give gave given
go went gone
have had had
hear heard heard
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
 leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie lay lain
lie lied lied
lose lost lost
make made made
meet met met
pay paid paid
put put put
read read read
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
show showed shown
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
speak spoke spoken
spend spent spent
stand stood stood
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
LESSON EIGHTEEN (leson eitin) Leccin 18
VOCABULARY (vokebiulari) Vocabulario
SOME REGULAR VERBS / Algunos Verbos Regulares
PAST PARTICIPE
PRESENTE (Presente) PAST (Pasado) (Participio Pasado)
TO PLAY Jugar PLAYED Jug PLAYED Jugado
TO TALKE Platicar TALKED Platic TALKED Platicado
TO WALK Caminar WALKED Camin WALKED Caminado

Como podemos ver los verbos REGULARES, tiene el participio pasado igual que el pasado y este
normalmente se forma -agregando las terminaciones "D" o "ED" al presente. Los Verbos Irregulares, no
siguen ninguna regla para formar el Pasado ni el Participio Pasado, sino que hay que aprender de
memoria los tres tiempos.

SOME REGULAR VERBS / Algunos Verbos Regulares

PAST PARTICIPE
PRESENTE (Presente) PAST (Pasado) (Participio Pasado)
TO BE Ser o Estar WAS / WERE Fu / Estuvo BEEN Sido
TO HAVE Tener / Haber HAD Tuvo / Hubo HAD Tenido / Habido
TO DO Hacer DID Hizo DONE Hecho
BE ABLE / CAN Poder COULD Pudo BEEN ABLE Podido
BECOME Llegar a ser BECAME BECOME
BEGIN Empezar BEGAN Empez BEGUN Empezado
HEAR Oir HERD Oy HERD Oido
LEAVE Salir LEFT Sali LEFT Salido

Cuando se usa el verbo TO HAVE en presente o en pasado con el significado de "HABER" se le

acompaa, siempre, por un verbo regular o irregular en tiempo PARTICIPIO PASADO. A continuacin
veremos ejemplos de ello.

I HAVE TALKED Yo he platicado

SHE HAD TALKED
WE HAVEN'T TALKED
HAS ALICE GONE TO THE MOVIES?
YES SHE HAS GONE TO THE MOVIES
HAS TOM BEGUN TO READ THE BOOK?
NO TOM HASN'T BEGUN
HAVE ALL THE EMPLOYEES LEFT THE OFFICE?
HAVE THEY LEFT THE OFFICE?
NO, THEY HAVEN'T LEFT THE OFFICE
HAS HELLEN TALKED TO MARIO?
YES SHE HAS
HAD HELLEN ENOUGH MONEY TO BUY THE
CAR?
HAS MIKE SEEN SUSAN?
HE HASN'T SEEN SUSAN FOR YEARS
HAVE YOU BEEN WAITING FOR A LONG TIME?
NO, I HAVEN'T BEEN WAITING FOR A LONG
TIME
HAS SHE BEEN RUNNING?
YES SHE HAS
HAS TOM WORKED ENOUGH?
HAS TOM BEEN WORKING ENOUGH?
HAVE YOU SLEPT IN A COMFORTABLE BED?
HAVE YOU BEEN SLEEPING IN A COMPORTABLE Han estado ustedes durmiendo en una cama
BED?
HAVE YOU HAD MY BOOK?
YES I HAVE HAD IT FOR A WEEK
HAS SHE HAD TIME TO SLEEP ENOUGH?
YES, SHE HAS HAD TIME TO SLEEP WELL
Ella ha platicado
Nosotros hemos platicado
Ha ido Alicia al cine?
S, ella ha ido al cine
Ha empezado Tom a leer el libro?
No, Tom no ha empezado
Han salido todos los empleados de la oficina?
Han salido ellos (ellas) de la oficina?
No, ellos no han salido de la oficina
Ha platicado Hellen con Mario?
S
Tena Hellen suficiente dinero para comprar el
auto?
Ha visto Mike a Susana?
El no ha visto a Susana por aos
Has estado esperando por mucho tiempo?
No, Yo no he estado esperando por mucho tiempo
Ha estado ella corriendo?
S
Ha trabajado Tom lo suficiente?
Ha estado trabajando Tom lo suficiente?
Han dormido ustedes en una cama confortable?
confortable?
Has tenido mi libro?
S, lo he tenido por una semana
Ha tenido ella tiempo de dormir lo suficiente?
S, ella ha tenido tiempo de dormir bien