Performance Analysis of Alamouti Scheme with Transmit Antenna

Selection in MISO Systems

Y N Trivedi and A K Chaturvedi
Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur
contact :{tyogesh, akc}@iitk.ac.in

AbstractWe consider a Multiple Input Single Output antenna, denoted by hi for 1 i Lt , are identically
(MISO) system equipped with Lt transmit antennas in spa- distributed circularly symmetric complex Gaussian ran-
tially uncorrelated Rayleigh fading channels. We consider dom variables with zero mean and unit variance. We
a sub-optimum Antenna Selection (AS) scheme, wherein all
the Lt antennas are divided into two groups with L1 and assume that the channels remain constant for a block of
L2 antennas such that L1 + L2 = Lt . Assuming perfect at least two data symbols. Let us denote the low pass
CSI, the best single antenna within each group is selected. equivalent received signals for two consecutive instants
For the well known Alamouti transmit diversity, we derive as r1 and r2 . Then using the well-known Alamouti trans-
exact closed-form expressions for the pdf of received SNR, mit diversity [4], the received signal can be represented
probability of outage and SER for MPSK and MQAM
constellations. as
" # " #" # " #
I. I NTRODUCTION r1 hU hV x1 n1
= + (1)
Antenna selection (AS) schemes in Space Time Coded r2 hV hU x2 n2
Multiple Input Multiple Output (STC-MIMO) systems
where ni CN (0, N0 ) for 1 i 2 is Additive
are well documented in the literature. Performance anal-
Noise, x1 and x2 are data symbols taken from M-
ysis of STC-MIMO systems with AS have appeared in
ary modulation schemes with average power Es /2. We
[1]-[3]. With the motivation to reduce the complexity
assume that perfect CSI is available at the receiver
of AS criteria and the rate of feedback bits some sub
and based on which the receiver selects two transmit
optimum AS schemes have also been proposed and
antennas with indices {U, V } such that
analyzed in [3][6][7].
Recently [5] has proposed three different sub-optimum U = arg max {|hu |2 }
transmit AS schemes and derived the closed form expres- 1uL1

sion of BER for BPSK with Alamouti transmit diversity V = arg max {|hv |2 } (2)
1vL2
for Scheme 3. For the remaining two schemes (Schemes
1 and 2), [5] has presented approximate expressions for where L1 + L2 = Lt . This AS scheme is a generalized
the pdf of the received SNR and BER. version of [5], wherein Lt antennas are divided as
In this paper, we have considered Scheme 1 of [5]. We equally as possible into two groups. Then the receiver
have derived the exact closed form expressions for the feeds back the indices of the selected antennas to the
pdf of SNR, probability of outage, and symbol error rate transmitter via a noiseless link without any delay. At
(SER) for M-PSK and M-QAM modulations. In addition the receiver, the resulting decision variables for both the
to this we have considered a generalized version of this symbols have been given in [4] as
scheme as follows. While in [5], the Lt transmit antennas " #
are divided into two groups, as equally as possible, in r1
z1 = [hU hV ]
this paper we allow the number of antennas in groups r2
one and two to be L1 and L2 such that L1 + L2 = Lt .
The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section
" #
r1
II describes the system model and in Section III we z2 = [hV hU ]
r2
present a detailed performance analysis. In Section IV
we discuss some special cases of our system model. where z1 and z2 are the decision variables for data
Sections V and VI deal with results and conclusion symbols x1 and x2 respectively.
respectively.
II. SYSTEM MODEL III. P ERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

We consider a MISO system equipped with Lt trans- As both the symbols x1 and x2 are independent and
mit antennas, where (Lt 2). The channel fading equally likely, we consider any one symbol and derive
coefficients, between ith transmit antenna and the receive the pdf of received SNR.
 1
The instantaneous (with respect to fading) SNR can 10
L =1, L =1
1 2
be represented [4] as L =2, L =1
1 2
L =2, L =2
1 2
2 2
= khk c (3) 10

where h = [hU hV ]T and c denotes Es /2No . Now

3
the pdf of can be obtained as follows. 10

For convenience, let us denote the channel power

SER
gain |hi |2 as Xi , where 1 i Lt . Then each Xi 4
10
is a chi-squared distributed variable with two degrees
of freedom. As all Xi are equally distributed, we can
represent the pdf pX (x) and the Cumulative Distribution 5
10

Function (CDF) FX (x) as [9]

pX (x) = ex , x0 6
10
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
FX (x) = 1 ex Avg. SNR dB

Further since all Xi are independent, the pdf of XU can Fig. 1. SER Vs Avg. SNR for BPSK.
be expressed using order statistics [10] as
pXU (xU ) = L1 [FX (xU )]L1 1 pX (xU ), xU 0 IV. S PECIAL CASES
LX1 1
 
L1 1 A. M=2
= L1 (1)n e(n+1)xU (4)
n=0
n This case corresponds to BPSK for which (10) reduces
to
Similarly for the other group of L2 antennas, the pdf
L1 1 L2 1
" P 1

!
of XV is same as (4) by replacing L1 with L2 . Let us L1 L2 X p 1 p
p p3
represent the resulting channel power gain XU + XV or Pe =
2 p=0
p+1 p+1 2c
khk2 as Y . Then the pdf pY (y) can be determined by
LX1 1 L 2 1 L1 1
(
L2 1
(1)m+n 1 m



[8] as X
n m
+
Z y
n=0 m=0
nm m+1
pY (y) = pXU (t)pXV (y t)dt m6=n
0 )#
" P 1 
X L1 1L2 1 1 n
(7)
= L1 L2 ye(p+1)y n+1
p=0
p p
LX1 1 L 2 1    where
X L1 1 L2 1
+ (1)m+n c
r
n=0 m=0
n m i =
m6=n c + i + 1
(m+1)y
#
e(n+1)y B. L1 = 1 and L2 = 1 for BPSK

e
, y0 (5)
nm This case corresponds to two transmit antennas. In this
case (10) reduces to
where P = min{L1 , L2 }. Finally the pdf p () can be
r 3 !
represented using (3) and (5)as 1 c c
r
Pe = 23 + (8)
" P 1  (p+1) 4 c + 1 c + 1
L1 L2 X L1 1 L2 1 e c
 
p () =
c p=0
p p c which represents the BER for the conventional Alamouti
LX
scheme without antenna selection.
1 1 L 2 1   
X L1 1 L2 1
+ (1)m+n V. R ESULTS
n=0 m=0
n m
m6=n In this section we present the results obtained by
( (m+1) (n+1) )#
evaluating the analytical expressions. In all the figures,
e c e c
, 0 (6) average SNR is Es/N0 in dB. Fig. 1 and 2 show
nm
SER for BPSK and probability of outage respectively
We have derived the expression of SER for MPSK and for different values of Lt like 2, 3, 4. For Lt = 3 and 4,
MQAM in Appendix-A and probability of outage in these analytical results are matching with the simulation
Appendix-C. Now we consider two special cases of our results shown in Figure (5) of [5], as are expected. For
system. Lt = 2 it is matching with Alamouti transmit diversity.
 0 2
10 10
L =1, L =1 Suboptimum
1 2
L =2, L =1 Optimum
1 2
L =2, L =2
1 2
1 3
10 10
Probability of Outage

SER
2 4
10 10

3 5
10 10

4 6
10 10
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Avg. SNR dB Avg. SNR dB

Fig. 2. Probability of Outage Vs Avg. SNR. Fig. 4. SER Vs Avg. SNR for BPSK.

0
10
L1=2, L2=2 VI. C ONCLUSION
L =2, L =3
1 2
L =3, L =3
1 2
1
10 16QAM We have considered a MISO system equipped with
Lt transmit antennas assuming spatially independent
Rayleigh fading channels. We consider a sub-optimum
AS scheme, wherein two out of Lt transmit antennas
SER

2
10
are selected. For Alamouti transmit diversity, we have
QPSK
derived the exact closed-form expressions for the pdf of
received SNR, probability of outage and SER for MPSK
3
10
and MQAM. We have verified our analytical results with
the simulations and compared the performance of the
considered sub-optimum AS scheme with the optimum
4
10 one. We have also discussed two special cases of the
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Avg. SNR dB system.
Fig. 3. SER Vs Avg. SNR for MPSK and MQAM.

A PPENDIX A
D ERIVATION OF SER
Fig. 3 shows the SER for QPSK and 16-QAM for
different values of L1 and L2 . As can be seen that the A. MPSK
performance is improved for larger values of Lt due to
better AS gain. The SER for MPSK can be represented as [11]
We would like to compare the performance of the con-
sidered (sub-optimum) AS scheme with the performance (M 1)
2
1
Z Z
M
sinsin
(/M )
of the optimum AS scheme [1] for one receive antenna. Pe = p ()e 2 ()
dd (9)
In the case of the optimum AS scheme, the best two out =0 =0
of all the Lt antennas are selected for transmission. Fig.
4 shows the performance of both the schemes for BPSK Plugging (6) in (9), using equation (5A.17) of [11] and
for Lt = 8, where L1 = 4 and L2 = 4. As expected, the the result in Appendix-B, we get
optimum scheme outperforms our sub-optimum scheme.
The performance of a scheme depends on the number " P 1 L1 1 L2 1



M 1 L1 L2 X p p
of feedback bits allocated for AS. Like for Lt = 8, the Pe =
optimum and the sub-optimum schemes require 6 and 4 M p=0
2(1 + Kp )3/2 (p + 1)2
feedback bits respectively to represent the indices of the
(
 
+ tan1 (p ) (2Kp + 3)
p
two selected antennas. Thus the sub-optimum scheme Kp
2
reduces the feedback rate at the cost of performance.
 LX
1 1 L 2 1
)
L1 1 L2 1



sin(2 tan1 (p )) X
n m A PPENDIX B
+ +
2 n=0 m=0
nm We prove that
m6=n " P 1 L1 1
L2 1
L 1 L 1
L1 1 L2 1
( r 1 2



1 Km  p p
X X X
 n m
(1)m+n + tan1 (m ) L1 L2 +
m+1 Km + 1 2 p=0
(p + 1)2 n=0 m=0
(n m)
)# m6=n
r
1 Kn   #
+ tan1 (n ) (10) (1) m+n
=1 (13)
n+1 Kn + 1 2

where Proof : We can also present the LHS of (13) as

2
c sin (/M ) LX1 1 L 2 1 L1 1

L2 1

(1)m+n
Ki =
X
n m
i + 1 X = L1 L2
r n=0 m=0
(n + 1)(m + 1)
Ki
i = cot(/M ) LX1 1 L 2 1 L1 1

L2 1

(1)m+n
Ki + 1 = L1 L2
X
n m

n=0 m=0
(n + 1)(m + 1)
B. MQAM " L 1 #" L 1 #
L1 1 n L2 1 m
1

2


The SER for MQAM can be represented as [11]
X
n (1) X
m (1)
= L1 L2
!Z Z n=0
(n + 1) m=0
(m + 1)

4 1 2
3 " Z 0 #" Z 0 #
Pe = 1 p ()e 2(M 1) sin2 () dd L 1 L 1
M 0 0 = L1 L2 (1 + x) 1
dx (1 + y) 2
dx
!2 Z Z 1 1

4 1 4
3 " #" #
1 p ()e 2(M 1) sin2 () dd 1 1
M 0 0 = L1 L2
L1 L2
(11)
=1
Plugging (6) in (11), using equations (5A.1) and (5A.21)
of [11] and the result in Appendix-B, we get A PPENDIX C
!" " P 1 L1 1
L2 1
D ERIVATION OF P ROBABILITY OF OUTAGE
1 X p p p The probability of outage, Pout , is defined as
Pe = 2 1 1 L1 L2 2
M 2(1 + K p )(p + 1)
p=0 Pout = P ( < th )
LX1 1 L 2 1 L 1

L2 1
m+n
Z th
X 1
(1)
(2Kp + 3) + n m = p ()d (14)
n=0 m=0
nm 0
m6= n where th is the minimum required SNR below which
( )# !2 "
m n 1 4L1 L2 the system is in outage. Now plugging (6) in (14), we
1 1 get
m+1 n+1 M
" P 1 L1 1
L2 1

L1 1 L2 1

P 1 1 p p th


(
X p p p

1

P = L L
X p p

tan (p ) out 1 2
2(p + 1)2 (1 + Kp ) 2 p=0
p+1 p+1 c
p=0
LX1 1 L 2 1 L1 1
(
L2 1
(1)m+n 1 m
) L 1 L 1


sin(2 tan1 (p )) 1 2 X
n m
+
X X
(2Kp + 3) + nm m+1
2 n=0 m=0
n=0 m=0
m6=n
m6= n )
1 n
(
L1 1
L2 1
(1)m+n m tan1 (1/m )



n m (15)
nm m+1 n+1
)#
n tan1 (1/n ) where
(12) (i+1)th
n+1 i = e c (16)
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