Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
and Economics
Anderson Sweeney Williams
Slides by
John Loucks
St. Edwards University
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 1
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Measures of Distribution Shape,
Relative Location, and Detecting Outliers
Distribution Shape
z-Scores
Chebyshevs Theorem
Empirical Rule
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 2
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Distribution Shape: Skewness
xi x
3
n
Skewness
(n 1)(n 2) s
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 3
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Distribution Shape: Skewness
.25
.20
.15
.10
.05
0
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 4
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Distribution Shape: Skewness
.25
.20
.15
.10
.05
0
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 5
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Distribution Shape: Skewness
.25
.20
.15
.10
.05
0
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 6
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Distribution Shape: Skewness
.25
.20
.15
.10
.05
0
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 7
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Distribution Shape: Skewness
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 8
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Distribution Shape: Skewness
.25
.20
.15
.10
.05
0
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 9
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
z-Scores
xi x
zi
s
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 10
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
z-Scores
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 11
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
z-Scores
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 12
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Chebyshevs Theorem
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 13
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Chebyshevs Theorem
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 14
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Chebyshevs Theorem
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 15
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Empirical Rule
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 16
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Empirical Rule
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 17
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Empirical Rule
99.72%
95.44%
68.26%
x
m m + 3s
m 3s m 1s m + 1s
m 2s m + 2s
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 18
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Measures of Association
Between Two Variables
Thus far we have examined numerical methods used
to summarize the data for one variable at a time.
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 19
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Covariance
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 20
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Covariance
( xi x )( yi y ) for
sxy
n 1 samples
( xi m x )( yi m y ) for
s xy populations
N
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 21
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Correlation Coefficient
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 22
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Correlation Coefficient
for for
samples populations
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 23
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Correlation Coefficient
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 24
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Covariance and Correlation Coefficient
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 25
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Covariance and Correlation Coefficient
x y ( xi x ) ( yi y ) ( xi x )( yi y )
277.6 69 10.65 -1.0 -10.65
259.5 71 -7.45 1.0 -7.45
269.1 70 2.15 0 0
267.0 70 0.05 0 0
255.6 71 -11.35 1.0 -11.35
272.9 69 5.95 -1.0 -5.95
Average 267.0 70.0 Total -35.40
Std. Dev. 8.2192 .8944
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 26
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Covariance and Correlation Coefficient
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 27
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
End of Chapter 3, Part B
2011 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied
Slide 28
or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.