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iRIC Software
Changing River Science

Nays2DH
Examples

Copyright 2013 iRIC Project All Right Reserved.

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Introduction to Nays2DH

You can use Nays2DH in the iRIC for your calculations as following procedures;

Launch Nays2DH
Prepare to use Nays2DH in iRIC

Generating the computational grid

Generate the computational grid by using several geographic data
(river survey data, Digital Elevation Mode, etc).

Setting the computational conditions

Set initial and boundary conditions, etc.

Running a simulation
Use Nays2DH to run a simulation.

Visualizing the simulated results

Visualize the simulated results by contour maps, vectors, streamlines,
particles and etc.

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Tutorial 1.
Calculation of flow and morphological change of river bed
in a meandering channel

Purpose of this tutorial

You can understand the basic operation of Nays2DH in iRIC by calculating the flow and morphological
change of river bed in a meandering channel with simple bed geometry, and also understand the fundamental
bed evolution phenomena in a meandering channel.

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1. Generate a computational grid

Generate a computational grid of a meandering channel with a rectangular cross section by using [Multi-
function Grid Generator] attached in iRIC.

Select Menu bar -> [Grid] -> [Select Algorithm to Create Grid].
You can select [Multifunction Grid Generator] in the dialog of [select grid creating algorithm].

The dialog for grid generation will be opened.

You can generate the computational grid by clicking on [Create Grid] after setting the conditions defined as
follows;

[Channel Shape]
- select channel shape
: Sine-generated curve
[Cross Sectional Shape Parameters]
- Width : 0.3m
- Number of Grid in Lateral Direction : 16
[Channel Shape Parameters]
- Wave Length of Meander : 4.7m
- Meander Angle : 28.6 degree
- Number of Grids in One Wave Length
: 40
[Bed and Channel Shape]
- Channel Slope : 0.004

The default values are used for the other

parameters.

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A confirmation dialog which asks you [Do you want to map geographic data to grid attributes now?] will
appear. Click on [Yes], and the computational grid will be generated as follows;

The computational grid will appear on

the screen.

2. Set the cell conditions

The cell conditions can be set on the generated computational grid. Here, you set the [Mannings rough-
ness coefficient].

Click on [Cell attributes] in the object browser, and change the status of cell attributes to . You can open
the item of cell attributes by clicking on bottom on the left side of [Cell attributes], and then click on
[Mannings roughness coefficient].

The left side of the figure is object

browser, and the right side of the figure
is the visualization screen.

When you want to change something

such as geographic data, cell attribute,
etc. in the visualization screen, you
need to click on the related item in the
object browser. When you click on that
item, the background color of the item
changes to light blue. Such status is de-
fined as active here.

While you keep the status of [Man-

nings roughness coefficient] as , the
contour on the grid indicates the
value of [Mannings roughness co-
efficient].

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Select all of computational grid by operating your mouse, and then right-click on the selected region.
Then select [Edit value] on appeared menu.

You can directly change the value of

cell attributes of each cell.

Hold Shift key and select some cells.

You can select a group of cells, even if
they are not directly connected.

On the dialog [Edit Mannings roughness coefficient], you can specify the value of this coefficient in the
region you selected.
By this procedure, Mannings roughness coefficient is set to all of cells in the grid.

Mannings roughness coefficient

: 0.013

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3. Set the computational conditions

This section explains how to set the computational conditions for Nays2DH. The modified part which need
for this computation is only described below. For the rest of parameters, the default values are used.

Select [Calculation conditions] -> [Setting] on menu bar.

[Import] : iRIC reads the computational

conditions from another iRIC project
file which was created using Nays2DH.

[Export] : You can output the computa-

tional condition for other runs.

Set the computational conditions for this run as follows;

Solver Type : setting the general set-

tings of Nays2DH

- Bed deformation : Enabled

Note) You can select the items with mark

[+], in case that you select [Advanced] in
[Select Solver Type].

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Set the boundary conditions. After setting the conditions as shown below, click [Edit] for [Time series of
discharge at upstream and water level at downstream].

Boundary conditions

- Periodic boundary condition

: Enabled
- Time unit of discharge/water surface
file : Second

Set the discharge of upstream end.

Clicking on [Add] makes new line.

Time from 0 to 1800 (sec), and a con-

stant discharge of 0.004 m3/s, is given
in this example.

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Setting conditions related to time

- Output time interval : 60 sec

- Calculation time step : 0.01 sec

- Start time of output : 0 sec

4. Run a simulation

Run the computation.

For running a simulation, select [Simulation] -> [Run] in menu bar or select on menu tool bar.

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Solver console will appear, and it starts the calculation

The numbers shown in solver console

are time (sec), discharge (m3/s) and
downstream water level (m) (from left
to right).

The [out] shown in right of numbers

means that the iRIC output the result to
the file to be visualized.

You can visualize the result after getting dialog which informs you [The solver finished calculation] (left
figure) or by reading the result during the calculation by selecting [Calculation result] -> [Reload] (right
figure).

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5. Visualize the results

You can visualize the output data.

Select [calculation result] -> [Open new 2D post-processing window] in menu bar, or click on the button
shown in the following figure;

The buttons for visualization are from

left;

2D post-processing window :
for visualizing top view of the
result

2D birds eye post-processing

windows : for visualizing three
dimensional view
3D post-processing windows :
for 3D model only

Graph window : for visualizing

one dimensional graph

2D post-processing window will open.

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You can visualize the item listed in the object browser to the visualization screen. Firstly, for visualizing
the morphological change of bed, check the box of [ElevationChange] under [Scalar].

[Scalar] : show a contour map of

selected scalar data.

[Arrow] : show a vector of se-

lected vector data.

[Streamlines] : draw a stream-

lines based on the selected vec-
tor data.

[Particles] : visualize particle

movement by selected vector
data.

[Cell attributes] : show the cell

attributes you set in the cell
conditions.

[Measured values] : You can

read the measured data such as
experimental data.

For changing the range of color legend, right-click on [Scalar] and select [Property].

You can change the location of

the color legend by dragging it.
(You need to click [Scalar] to
make the status of [scalar] ac-
tive.)

You can pan, zoom and rotate

the visualization screen by
mouse operations shown in fol-
lowing figure;

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In this dialog, you can set the maximum/minimum value for the legend colours range, the number of la-
bels for the color legend and etc.

deselect [Automatic] box

Max0.02 (m)

Min-0.04 (m)

Display setting : Contour Figure

deselect [Transparent] box

Note) The default setting of display

setting is [color Fringe]. But, a color
contour will be much clear by select-
ing [Contour Figure]. In this case, the
visualization will have higher quality
but the load for visualization will be
larger.

Now, you can clearly observe a point bar on the inner bend and the erosion in the outer bend.

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In the next step, the flow field is visualized by vectors. Click on the box of [Velocity] under [Arrow] in
the object browser.

The flow in the computation is visu-

alized by vectors. However, the
length of vectors is not suitable for
the visualization.

For setting the properties of vectors, right-click on [Arrow], and select [Property] on the appeared pop-up
menu. The dialog for setting the vector will open.

deselect [Auto] check box

Length on screen : 20 pixel

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By adjusting the length of vectors, you now can see the flow field in the meandering channel.

One dimensional graphic function is used for visualizing the water level and bed elevation in a cross sec-
tions. Select [Calculation Result] -> [Open new graphic window].

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The dialog for setting the data of 1D graph will open. Select X Axis as [J], and add [Elevation] and
[WaterSurfaceElevation] from [Two dimensional data] to [Selected data].

X Axis : J

Two dimensional Data : Select

[Elevation]
[WaterSurfaceElevation] and
click on [Add].

Note) I and J mean the index of lon-

gitudinal and transverse direction in
the grid.

The water surface and bed in a cross section are visualized. Click on [Draw Setting] for changing the
visualization properties of this graph.

By moving the location of I on

Controller, you can see the 1D
graph in a different cross sec-
tions.

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You can change the style width and color of lines.

Setting for Elevation(m)

- Line style : Solid Line
- Line Width : 3
- Color : Black

Setting for WaterSurfaceEleva-

tion(m)
- Line style : Solid Line
- Line Width : 3
- Color : Blue

You can visually understand the line of water surface and river bed.

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As the last step, simulated bed elevation change is compared with the experimental results. Right-click on
[Measured Values], and select [Import] on the pop-up menu.

measured.txt is specified as a
[Measured values].

The measured data will be imported. The range of color legend in the simulated result and measured value
is set to be same.
You can change the range of color legend by right-clicking [Scalar] under [Measured Values] and selecting
[property] on appeared pop-up menu.

Nays2DH can reproduce the

trend of morphological change
of bed in the experiment.

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IIICalculation of flow and bed morphological change of a

real river

Purpose
You can learn how to generate a computational grid from cross sectional river survey data, and set the
computational conditions to calculate the flow and morphological changes in a real river. The computational
results are visualized by the post-processing tools of iRIC. You will make a snapshot and animation of the
computational results.

1. Generate a computational grid

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A computational grid will be generated by using a river survey data which includes the cross sectional
geometry data for river reaches.

You can import a river survey data by selecting Menu bar -> [Geographic Data] -> [Elevation (m)].

You will specify [I27-35.riv] as

a river survey data.

The dialog for setting the imported river survey data will open.

Check on [Middle point of left

bank and right bank] for defin-
ing the location of centerline of
the river survey data.

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The imported river survey data will appear on the screen as shown in the following figure.
Next, a background image can be imported. Right-clicking on [Background Images] in the objective
browser, and select [Add Image] on the pop-up menu.

Please specify [I27-35.jpg] as

background image.

[Background Images]

Importing the background image will

help you to understand the location of
river embankment, the line between
low water channel and floodplain and
vegetated areas, when you generate a
computational grid and set the cell
conditions.

Align the position of the river survey data and the background image.

Click on [I27-35.jpg] under

[Background Images] to make
the status of the image active.

You can do parallel shifts by

dragging the image, rotation by
right-clicking-and-hold the im-
age, also zoom by pushing the
middle button of mouse.

When you do above things with

press Ctrl key, the image moves
with other visualized data (in
this case, the river survey data).

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Imported river survey data may make problems for grid generation. Sometimes some cross-sectional lines
are not perpendicular to the centreline of the river, or some lines are overlapped on each other. This causes
an awkward shape grid which is critical for the computational accuracy. To avoid this problems, the lines of
cross sectional data are re-located by rotating them.

Click on [RiverSurvey 1] under

The line of cross section is not per- [Elevation (m)].
pendicular to the centreline of river.
Click on the blue point of each
line which will be modified.

The lines are over- The red and green points will
lapped each other. appear on the left and right
banks. When you click on these
points, the following figure will
appear. By dragging red and
green points, you can change the
direction of the line.

The direction of the cross sectional lines is adjusted, but the location of the left and right banks is over
from the river embankment as shown in the background figure. Reducing the lines is necessary.

Click on the line which will be

modified, and select [Extend
Horizontally] from the pop-up
menu.

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The dialog for setting of extend traversal line will open.

You can specify the [Extension

Ratio] on this dialog.

Now, the lines of cross section are within the river embankment.
A line located in the middle of this river reach is protruded to the left side.

You need to open the window

for editing the geometry of cross
sections by double-clicking on
the line which will be corrected.

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The window for editing the data of cross sections will be opened.

Select the points of bed eleva-

tion which are not used for this
computation in the left side of
river, and right-click on the se-
lected points and select [Inac-
tive] from the pop-up menu.

The lines of the left and right bank become smooth. The centre point of the river survey data will be set
to the centreline of the low water channel.

Click on the cross section line,

then you can move the location
of the center point of the river
survey data by dragging the blue
points by pressing Shift key.

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The centre points of the river are set to the centreline of the low water channel.

You need to set the conditions for generating the computational grid.
As shown in the following figure (left), select menu bar -> [Grid] -> [Select Algorithm to Create Grid].
Then, the dialog for setting the grid creating algorithm will be opened. Select [Create grid from river sur-
vey data] as shown in the following figure (right).

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Now, the grid generation functions are available. The yellow points, located between the centre point and
left and right banks, are the locations between the low water channel and the floodplains. (These yellow
points can be specified in .riv file. Please refer to the user manual of iRIC where it explains the file format
used for iRIC. You can generate a smooth grid which fits to the line between the low water channel and the
floodplains by using the yellow points. If the locations of yellow points are different then the points between
the low water channel and the floodplains, you can move change their location by dragging them.

Click on [Grid Creating

Condition] in the objec-
tive browser.

You can move the yellow

points by dragging them.

In the next step, you will set the division points in the transverse and longitudinal directions.

Click on the cross sec-

tional line for setting the
division points as shown
in the figure (left part).
The color of selected line
will be blue.

Right-click on this blue

line, and select [Add Di-
vision Points] in the
pop-up menu.

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The settings for the division points for low water channel and floodplains are as follows;

The division points for the floodplains

The division points for the low water channel

For the low water channel, select [Divide Equally] in the Division Method, and select [Equal Ratio Division
(Specify Common Ratio)] is used for the floodplains. The value you specify for [Equal Ratio Division]
should be in the rage of 0.8 to 1.2. An exponential change of grid size may cause numerical instabilities.

The division points for the grid in transverse direction are set as shown in the following figure. Thereaf-
ter, the division points for the grid in longitudinal direction have to be set.
Select menu bar -> [Grid] -> [Grid Creating Condition] -> [Add Division Points Regionally].

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Specify collectively the division points of the lines between each line of cross section.

Select [Specify target

distance division points],
and specify 130 m for the
target distance division
points.

Now, the division points for the computational grid in the transverse and longitudinal direction are
specified. By selecting menu bar -> [Grid] -> [Create Grid], you can generate the computational grid.

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You can specify the start and end cross sectional line for generating the grid. Here, you generate the grid
of all river reach for the current river survey data. After click on OK, the dialog for confirmation will
open. By clicking on [Yes], the geographic data of the river survey data will be interpolated to the grid
node attributes.

The computational grid will be generated as follows;

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2. Set the cell conditions

In Nays2DH, you can set several conditions for the computational cells. Here, two of cell conditions, [Fixed
or Movable Bed] and [Mannings roughness coefficient] will be set in the computational grid. These condi-
tions are given on the grid cells of low water channel and the floodplains, respectively.

Right-click on [Fixed or Movable bed] in the object browser, and select [Add] -> [Polygon] on pop-up
menu.

The area which the cell

conditions will set is
given by polygon.

At first, all of the computational cells are covered with polygon as following figure. This is for setting
the condition for the cells on the floodplains.

The locations of the pol-

ygon vertices are fixed
by clicking.

You can finish setting the

polygon shape by press-
ing Enter key.

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Specify the values of polygon.

[Fixed bed] is set for this

polygon to avoid the ero-
sion of the floodplain.

Next, the polygon which specifies the condition of low water channel is created.

The upper polygon

which is listed on [Fixed
or Movable Bed] in the
object browser takes
precedence for the attrib-
utes mapping.

The value of polygon 2 is

mapped to the cells of
low water channel, and
the value of polygon 1 is
mapped only to the
floodplains.

[Movable bed] is given to the polygon for setting the low water channel.

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The polygons for the cell condition for the low water channel and the floodplain are created as follows;

In this case, same polygons set for [Fixed or Movable Bed] are used for also [Manings roughness coeffi-
cient]. You can copy the polygons of [Fixed or Movable bed] to [Mannings roughness coefficient].
Right-click on [Polygon1] of [Fixed or Movable Bed], and then select [Copy] in the pop-up menu.

You can specify the destination of selected polygon.

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Copy the polygon to

[Mannings roughness
coefficient].

Set the value of copied polygon.

The value for polygon

for the low water chan-
nel : 0.022

The value for polygon

for the floodplains : 0.04

The polygons for giving the cell conditions are set over the computational grid.
But, in this stage, the values you specified in the polygons are not interpolated to the cell attributes of the
computational grid. Select menu bar -> [Grid] -> [Attributes Mapping] -> [Execute] for giving the values
of the polygons to the computational cells.

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You will confirm the cell attributes given in the grid by clicking the check box of [Fixed or Movable Bed]
or [Mannings roughness coefficient] located under the [Cell attributes] in the object Browser.

After [Attributes Map-

ping], if you want to
change the value of the
cell attributes, you can
change the value by se-
lecting each cell directly.

But, changing the cell

attributes by above men-
tioned method will dis-
appear by [Attributes
Mapping] again.

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3. Set the computational conditions

Here we explain the settings for this simulation case. The changed items from default values are only de-
scribed below. You can leave the values for the other parameters as default.

The necessary conditions will be set as follows;

Solver Type : setting the general set-

tings of Nays2DH

- Bed deformation : Enabled

Note) You can select the items with mark

[+], in case that you select [Advanced] in
[Select Solver Type].

Settings for the boundary conditions.

Boundary condition

- Time unit of discharge/water surface file :

Hour

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Setting the discharge given in the upstream end.

Click on [Import] and specify [qh.txt]

as the discharge input file.

Set the conditions related to time.

Output time interval : 200 sec

Calculation time step : 0.5 sec

Start time of output : 0 sec

Start time of bed deformation

: 3600 sec

Set the bed material.

Diameter of uniform bed material

: 0.4 mm

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4. Run the simulation

Select menu bar -> [Simulation] -> [Run].

5. Visualize the simulated results and export as snapshots and the animation

Select menu bar -> [Calculation Result] -> [Open new 2D post-processing Window].

Click on the check box of [Background

Images] and [Depth (m)] in the object
Browser.

You can see the simulated water depth

in the river reach.

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Change the range of color legend and apply a setting to avoid the visualization of water depth under a
threshold value.
Right-click on [Scalar] in the object browser, and select [Property] on the pop-up menu.

deselect [Automatic]

Max : 15 m

Min : 0.05 m

deselect [Fill lower area]

Display Setting : Contour Figure

deselect [Transparent]

By this way, you can see the dry areas of the river.
Next, the flow field can be visualized by defining particles from the upstream end.
Click on [Particles] in the object browser, and select [Property] on the pop-up menu.

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The dialog for setting about the particles will open.

Generation time interval : 2

Note) Large value of [Generation time in-

terval] and [Generation space interval] caus-
es heavy computational loads.

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You can start the animation by using the animation tool bar as follows;

The animation tool bar

The function of items of the animation tool
bar is from left :
- Back to the start point of the simulation
- One step back
- Start the animation
- One step forward
- Go to the end of simulation

You can see the hydrograph you gave to the upstream end with the calculation results.
Select menu bar -> [Calculation Results] -> [Open new Graph Window].

X Axis : Time

Select [Discharge (m3s-1)] listed in

[Point Data], and click on [Add].

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The simulated water depth with the movement of particles and time changing of discharge are visualized
on the same screen. For the final step of this tutorial, you will save this screen as the continuous snapshot
and an animation file.
Select menu bar -> [File] -> [Continuous snapshot/Google Earth Export].

The dialog for setting the snapshots and the animation will open.

Target windows : select both

Output file : In one file

Layout : As is

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Specify the place for saving the files and the format of snapshot files.

Directly : The folder you want to save

the snapshot files

Format : JPEG

Specify whether you output the animation file of your result.

select [Output movie files]

Frames per second : 10

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Specify the start and end time for output of the snapshot files and the animation file.

After setting all the properties, the dialog shown in left figure will appear. Click on [Finish], then the files
will save the place you specified. The right figure shows the dialog which will appear during the output the
files.

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The image files which include the contour map of the water depth and the hydrograph and an animation
file will be saved on your computer.

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