CE362 Hydraulic Engineering Pumps3

Pumps in Parallel or Series

SPump e varies Q and H

SLimited range of high e for single pump
STo cover broad range of conditions use several pumps
SParallel
XQ increased H the same
XTwo identical pumps do not give 2 Q
XHp Q2
Q Figure 511 Curve B
Q Joint Q < 2 x single Q
SSeries
XIncreases H but Q the same
Q Figure 511 Curve C
SPump e same for series or parallel
SInstallation can have separate motors or single motor
drive
SInstallation can be made to operate in series or parallel

Pumps
Intake Valves Discharge

Pumps

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CE362 Hydraulic Engineering Pumps3

Example: Two reservoirs with 10 m elevation difference are connected

by a 300 m asphaltcast iron 40 cm pipe with a gate valve. Determine
the Q, H, and e suing (a) one pump (b) two series pumps, and (c) two par-
allel pumps described in Figure 5.11.

Solution: To deliver the water, pump must supply total energy Hp. In-
cluding entrance (ke = .5), exit (ke = 1.0) and fully open valve (kv = .15)
loss

Hp = H + f L +
D
( ) 2
K V = 10 + (750f + 1.65) V
2g
2
2g
Assuming 10o C water, = 1.31 x 106 m2/s, e/D = 0.0003

SNow develop HQ curve for expected range of operation

Q(L/s) V(m/s) Re f HP (m)
0 0 10.0
100 0.796 2.4 . 10 5 0.0175 10.48
300 2.387 7.3 . 10 5 0.016 13.96
500 3.979 1.2 . 10 6 0.0155 20.71
700 5.570 1.7 . 10 6 0.0155 30.99

From curve E Fig. 511

(a) One pump

Q = 420 L/s Hp = 18 m ep = 40%

(b) Two pumps in series

Q = 470 L/s Hp = 20 m ep = 15%

(a) Two pumps in parallel

Q = 590 L/s Hp = 26 m ep = 62%

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CE362 Hydraulic Engineering Pumps3

Cavitation in Water Pumps

SImportant Consideration elevation of pumps above wa-
ter surface
SWater enters intake through strainer under suction
XP < Patm
SIf P < PV cavitation danger
XOccurs at impeller tips V is high P is low
XDamages pumps!

2
z1 P
1 p 1 = p atm

SOn the suction side, near impeller

XCompare ps/ + Vs2/2g with liquid vapor perssure head
pv/
between terms is Net Positive Suction
XDifference
Head NPSH
p s V 2s p
NPSH = + v
2g
STwo important terms
XNPSHR : Net positve suction head required
QMust be maintained or exceeded
QExperimentally determined given by
manufacturer
XNPSHA: Net positve suction head available

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CE362 Hydraulic Engineering Pumps3

SWriting Bernouli to impeller inlet on suction side

p s V 2s
p atm
z 1 = + 2g + hL
SHead available @ pump inlet
p s V 2s
+
2g
=
p atm
z1 hL
SSo that
NPSH A == atm
p
z 1 h L
pv

SSo
NSPH A NPSH R
SCavition parameter is defined
H
= s
HP
XNumerator is NPSHR

XDenominator is total head developed pump

QManufacturer gives for each pump based on test
data
SIf hP < 0, must submerge pump

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 CE362 Hydraulic Engineering Pumps3

Example: The above pump supplies water at 0.5 cfs. The NPSHR of the
pump is 15 feet at this flowrate. If the water temperature is 80oF with
atm pressure of 14.7 psi, what is the maximum hieght z1 of the pump
above the reservoir? Assume the major loss is due to a filter at the inlet
with K = 20, and the suction pipe is 4 diam. Neglect all other losses.
What is the maximum elevation of the pump?

Determine NPSHA
p
NPSH A = atm z 1 h L
pv

Maximum value for z1 occurs when NPSHA = NPSHR
p
(z 1) max = atm
h L
pv
NPSH R 1
Considering only minor loss
Q 0.05
V= = = 5.73 fts
Ap (4)(412) 2

hL = KL 2g
V 2 = 20 5.73 2 = 10.2 ft
2(32.2)
So 1 becomes
(14.7 lbin. 2)(144 in. 2ft 2) (0.5069 lbin. 2)(144 in. 2ft 2)
(z 1) max = 10.2 ft 15 ft
62.22 lbft 3 62.22 lbft 3

(z 1) max = 7.65 ft
To prevent caviation, place pump no higher than this above surface!