Microbiology Exam 2 Practice Questions

1.Which set of four elements makes the largest portion of cell dry
weight?
A. Carbon, sulfur, potassium, oxygen
B. Oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, hydrogen
C. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen**
D. Nitrogen, carbon, sulfur, potassium

2. Any substance, whether in elemental or molecular form, that must be

provided to an organism is called a/n
A) ionic nutrient.
B) essential nutrient.**
C) micronutrient.
D) trace element.

3. Cytoplasm is comprised primarily of:

A. Water and protein**
B. Macronutrient in elemental form
C. Salt and glucose
D. Peptidoglycan

4.An autotroph
A) uses inorganic carbon dioxide as its carbon source.**
B) uses organic carbon as its carbon source.
C) obtains its carbon from the bodies of other organisms.
D) is nutritionally dependent on other living things

5.Nitrogen is vital to microbial growth. It is obtained from organic or

inorganic sources to make
A) amino acids.
B) proteins.
C) nucleotides.
D) All of the choices are correct.**
6.When the environment is equal in solute concentration to the cell's
internal environment then there is no net change in cell volume. This
indicates a/n ____________ solution around the cell.
A) hypotonic
B) hypertonic
C) isotonic**
D) barometric

7.Cell walls are useful for structural integrity as well as to keep a cell
from bursting in a/n __________ solution.
A) hypotonic**
B) isotonic
C) hypertonic
D) barometric

8. The majority of medically significant microorganisms are:

A. Thermophiles
B. Mesophiles**
C. Psychrophilic
D. Halophiles

9. Most cultured bacteria tend to multiply by: Binary fission

10. During this phase of growth, newly inoculated cells require a period
of adjustment, enlargement, and synthesis.
A) death phase
B) exponential growth phase
C) stationary growth phase
D) lag phase**

10.
The duration of each bacterial division is called the generation or
A) exponential time.
B) viable growth.
C) doubling time.**
D) growth curve.
11.The stationary growth phase in a bacterial growth chart is due to all
of the following EXCEPT
A) depletion of nutrients in the culture.
B) increased density of cells.
C) a period of adjustment to growing conditions.**
D) accumulation of wastes and byproducts.

12. The optimum PH for most culturable microbes ranges between:

A. 3-5
B. 5-7
C. 6-8**
D. 8-10

13. An organism that is capable of living without oxygen of necessary is

termed: FACULTATIVE ANEROBE

14.Microbes in most environments form ecological associations with

other organisms. The term for a symbiotic relationship beneficial to
both partners is termed a
A) commensalism.
B) mutualism.**
C) parasitism.
D) competition.

15.Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are forms of

A) osmosis.
B) diffusion.
C) passive transport.
D) active transport.

16. Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrance is

called osmosis.
A. TRUE

17. The word root troph means: food feeding

18. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to
low concentration is called:
A. facilated diffusion
B. diffusion**
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis
E. Endocytosis

19. Diffusion of water through a semi permeable membrane is called:

A. Facilated diffusion
B. Diffusion
C. Active transport
D. Osmosis**
E. Endocytosis

20. Bacteria living in a fresh stream that are moved to salty sea water
will:
A. Be in a hypotonic solution
B. Gain water
C. Be in an isotonic solution
D. Shrivel**

21. Which of the following require the cell to use energy?

A. Facilated diffusion
B. Diffusion
C. Endocytosis**
D. Osmosis
E. None of the above

22. An organisms with a temperature growth range from 45-60 degree C

is called:
A. Extremopjile
B. Thermophile**
C. Psychrophile
D. Facultative psychrophile
E. Thermoduric

23. The phase of bacterial growth curve in which rate of multiplication

equals the rate of cell death is called: STATIONARY PHASE
24. Facilitated diffusion is limited by:
A. Substrate concentration
B. Carrier protein in the membrane**
C. Size of pores in the membrane
D. Osmotic pressure
E. All of the above

25. In which condition, the cell wall will protect the cell from bursting?
A. Hypertonic
B. Hypotonic**
C. Isotonic
D. None of the above

26. The E.coli that normally live in large intestine and produces vitamin
K is:

a) parasite
b) saprobe
c) commensal**
d) none of the above.

27.A microorganism that does not have catalase or superoxide

dismutase would find it difficult to live in an environment with:
A) carbon dioxide
B) oxygen**
C) high salt
D) temperatures above 37 C
E) high acidit

28. A halophile would grow best in:

A. Acid pools
B. Fresh water ponds
C. Hot geyser springs
D. Arid, desert soils
E. Salt lakes**
29. Lithoautotroph use inorganic nutrient for carbon and energy
sources. True ( answer)

30. Bacteria have an average generation time of 24 hours. False

The average generation time is 30 to 60 minutes but can be as
short as 10 to 12 minutes.

31. In a commensal relationship, the commensal benefit but the

cohabitant is neither harmed nor benefited. TRUE

32. The toxic superoxide ion is converted to harmless oxygen by two

enzymes CATALASE and SUPERDIMUTASE.

33. Whether an organism is an autotroph or hetertroph depends on its

source of nitrogen. FALSE

34. how many ATP do you expect aerobic respiration to yield in a

patients cells?
36 ATP

35.Fatty Acids can be converted to acetyl-CoA for entering the Krebs

cycle by the process of
A. animation
B. deanimation
C. phosphorylation
D. beta oxidation**
E. gluconeogenesis

36. Exergonic reactions

A. include synthesis of large carbohydrates.
B. only occur in heterotrophs.
C. release energy.**
D. do not occur in anaerobic cellular respiration.
E. occur when ADP binds to inorganic phosphate to form ATP.
37.In the cell, energy released by electrons is often used to
phosphorylate
A. ATP.
B. ADP.**
C. pyruvic acid.
D. oxygen.
E. NAD.

38.In addition to electrons, which of the following is also involved in

electron transfers? HYDROGEN.

39.All of the following pertain to glycolysis except it

A. occurs without oxygen.
B. ends with formation of pyruvic acid.
C. occurs during fermentation.
D. degrades glucose to CO2 and H2O.**
E. involves reduction of NAD

40.Glycolsis
A. uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, and requires oxygen.
B. uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, and requires oxygen.
C. uses 2 ATPs, produces 4 ATPs, without using oxygen. **
D. uses 2 ATPs, produces 2 ATPs, without using oxygen.
E. None of the choices is correct.

41.The formation of citric acid from oxaloacetic acid and an acetyl group
begins
A. glycolysis.
B. the electron transport system.
C. the Krebs cycle.**
D. fermentation.
E. oxidative phosphorylation.