C Programing

INDEX
1. Expressions
2. Declarations and Initializations
3. Control Instructions
4. Floating Point Issues
5. Functions
6. C Preprocessor
7. Pointers
8. Arrays
9. Strings
10. Structures, Unions, Enums
11. Typedef
12. Bitwise Operators
13. Command Line Arguments
Page 1
EXPRESSIONS
1. Which of the following is the correct order of evaluation for the below expression?
z=x+y*z/4%2-1
A.* / % + - = B. = * %/ + -
C. +*/%-= D.* /% - + =
2. Which of the following correctly shows the hierarchy of arithmetic operations in C?
A./ + * - B. * - / +
C. + - / * D./ * + -
3. Which of the following is the correct usage of conditional operators used in C?
A.a>b ? c=30 : c=40; B. a>b ? c=30;

C. max = a>b ? a>c?a:c:b>c?b:c D.return (a>b)?(a:b)
Answer & Explanation
4. Which of the following are unary operators in C?
1. !
2. sizeof
3. ~
4. &&
A.1, 2 B. 1, 3
C. 2, 4 D.1, 2, 3
5. In which order do the following gets evaluated
1. Relational
2. Arithmetic
3. Logical
4. Assignment
A.2134 B. 1234
C. 4321 D.3214
6. What will be the output of the program?
#include<stdio.h>
Page 2
int main()
{
int i=-3, j=2, k=0, m;
m = ++i && ++j && ++k;
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d\n", i, j, k, m);
return 0;
}
A.-2, 3, 1, 1 B. 2, 3, 1, 2
C. 1, 2, 3, 1 D.3, 3, 1, 2
7. Assunming, integer is 2 byte, What will be the output of the program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%x\n", -2<<2);
return 0;
}
A.ffff B. 0
C. fff8 D.Error
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=-3, j=2, k=0, m;
m = ++i || ++j && ++k;
return 0;
}
A.2, 2, 0, 1 B. 1, 2, 1, 0
C. -2, 2, 0, 0 D.-2, 2, 0, 1
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x=2, y=70, z;
z = x!=4 || y == 2;
printf("z=%d\n", z);
return 0;
}
Page 3
A.z=0 B. z=1
C. z=4 D.z=2
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
static int a[5];
int i = 0;
a[i] = i ;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", a[0], a[1], i);
return 0;
}
A.1, 0, 1 B. 1, 1, 1
C. 0, 0, 0 D.0, 1, 0
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=4, j=-1, k=0, w, x, y, z;
w = i || j || k;
x = i && j && k;
y = i || j &&k;
z = i && j || k;
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d\n", w, x, y, z);
return 0;
}
A.1, 1, 1, 1 B. 1, 1, 0, 1
C. 1, 0, 0, 1 D.1, 0, 1, 1
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=-3, j=2, k=0, m;
m = ++i && ++j || ++k;
return 0;
}
A.1, 2, 0, 1 B. -3, 2, 0, 1
C. -2, 3, 0, 1 D.2, 3, 1, 1
Page 4
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x=4, y, z;
y = --x;
z = x--;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", x, y, z);
return 0;
}
A.4, 3, 3 B. 4, 3, 2
C. 3, 3, 2 D.2, 3, 3
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x=55;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", x<=55, x=40, x>=10);
return 0;
}
A.1, 40, 1 B. 1, 55, 1
C. 1, 55, 0 D.1, 1, 1
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=2;
printf("%d, %d\n", ++i, ++i);
return 0;
}
A.3, 4
B. 4, 3
C. 4, 4
D.Output may vary from compiler to compiler

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int k, num=30;
Page 5
k = (num>5 ? num <=10 ? 100 : 200: 500);
printf("%d\n", num);
return 0;
}
A.200 B. 30
C. 100 D.500
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
ch = 'A';
printf("The letter is");
printf("%c", ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z' ? ch + 'a' - 'A':ch);
printf("Now the letter is");
printf("%c\n", ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z' ? ch : ch + 'a' - 'A');
return 0;
}
The letter is a The letter is A
A. B.
Now the letter is A Now the letter is a
C. Error D.None of above
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=20;
int j = i + (1, 2, 3, 4, 5);
printf("%d\n", j);
return 0;
}
A.21 B. 25
C. Garbage value D.error
19. Associativity has no role to play unless the precedence of operator is same.
A.True B.False
20. The expression of the right hand side of || operators doesn't get evaluated if the left hand side
determines the outcome.
Page 6
A.True B.False
21. In the expression a=b=c=50 the order of Assignment is NOT decided by Associativity of
operators
A.True B.False
22. Associativity of an operator is either Left to Right or Right to Left.
A.True B.False
Page 7
Declarations & Initializations
1. Which of the following statements should be used to obtain a remainder after dividing 3.5 by
2.5 ?
A. rem = 3.5 % 2.5;
B. rem = modf(3.5, 2.5);
C. rem = fmod(3.5, 2.5);
D. Remainder cannot be obtain in floating point division.
2. What are the types of linkages?
A.Internal and External B. External, Internal and None

C. External and None D.Internal
3. Which of the following special symbol allowed in a variable?

A.* (asterisk) B. $ (Dollar)
C. # (Hash) D._ (underscore)
4. Is there any difference between following declarations?
1 : extern int f1();

2 : int f1();
A.Both are identical
B. No difference, except extern int f1(); is probably in another file
C. int f1(); is overrided with extern int f1();
D.None of these
5. How would you round off a value from 2.75 to 3.0?
A.ceil(2.75) B. floor(2.75)
C. roundup(2.75) D.roundto(2.75)
6. By default a real number is treated as a
A.float B. double
C. long double D.far double
7. Which of the following is not user defined data type?
1 : struct book
{
char name[10];
float price;
int pages;
Page 8
};
long int l = 2L;

2:
3: enum day {Sun, Mon, Tue, Wed};
4: union employee
{
int id;
Char name[36];
int sal;
};
A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
8. Is the following statement a declaration or definition?

extern int i;
A.Declaration B. Definition &Defination

C. Function D. Defination
9. Identify which of the following are declarations

1 : extern int exe;
2 : void square ( float x ) { ... }
3 : double pow(double, double);
A.1 B. 2
C. 1 and 3 D.3
10. In the following program where is the variable a getting defined and where it is getting
declared?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
extern int a;
printf("%d\n", a);
return 0;
}
int a=10;
A.extern int a is declaration, int a = 10 is the definition
B. int a = 10 is declaration, extern int a is the definition
C. int a = 10 is definition, a is not defined
D.a is declared, a is not defined
11. When we mention the prototype of a function?

A.Defining B. Declaring
C. Prototyping D. invoking
Page 9
12. What is the output of the program
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
enum status { pass, fail, atkt};
enum status stud1, stud2, stud3;
stud1 = pass;
stud2 = atkt;
stud3 = fail;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", stud1, stud2, stud3);
return 0;
}
A.0, 2, 1 B. 1, 2, 3
C. error D. 0,0,0

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
extern int i;
i = 20;
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
A.20
B. Garbage value
C. Compiler error
D.Linker Error : Undefined symbol 'i'
14. What is the output of the program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
extern int exe;
printf("%d\n", exe);
return 0;
}
int exe=10;
A.10 B. 0
C. Garbage Value D.Linker Error
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
Page 10
char *s1;
char far *s2;
char huge *s3;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", sizeof(s1), sizeof(s2), sizeof(s3));
return 0;
}
A.2, 4, 6 B. 4, 4, 2
C. 2, 4, 4 D.2, 2, 2
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct emp
{
char name[20];
int age;
float sal;
};
struct emp e = {"Tiger"};
printf("%d, %f\n", e.age, e.sal);
return 0;
}
A.0, 0.000000 B. Garbage values

#include<stdio.h>
int X=10;
int main()
{
int X=20;
printf("%d\n", X);
return 0;
}
A. 20 B. 10
Error due to conflict between local and global
C. 0 D.
variable
18. #include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 10, y = 20, z = 5, i;
i = x < y < z;
Page 11
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
A.0 B. 1
C. Error D. Garbage value
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
extern int fun(float);
int a;
a = fun(3.14);
printf("%d\n", a);
return 0;
}
int fun(aa)
float aa;
{
return ((int)aa);
}
A.3 B. 3.14
C. 0 D.Error
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5] = {1,2};
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", a[2], a[3], a[4]);
return 0;
}
A.Garbage Values B. 2, 3, 3
C. Array should be completely initialized D.0, 0, 0
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
union a
{
int i;
char ch[2];
};
Page 12
union a u;
u.ch[0] = 3;
u.ch[1] = 2;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", u.ch[0], u.ch[1], u.i);
return 0;
}
A.3, 2, 515 B. 515, 2, 3
C. 3, 2, 5 D. Garbage values
22. In the following program how long will the for loop get executed?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
for(;scanf("%s", &i); printf("%d\n", i));
return 0;
}
A.The for loop would not get executed at all
B. The for loop would get executed only once
C. The for loop would get executed 5 times
D.The for loop would get executed infinite times
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int X=40;
{
int X=20;
printf("%d ", X);
}
printf("%d\n", X);
return 0;
}
A.40 40 B. 20 40
C. 20 20 D.Error
24. Point out the error in the following program.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
display();
return 0;
}
Page 13
void display()
{
printf("Disp fun");
}
A.No error
B. Disp fun
C. Compilation error: Type mismatch in redeclaration of function display()
D.None of these
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
void v = 0;
printf("%d", v);
return 0;
}
A.Error: Declaration syntax error 'v' (or) Size of v is unknown or zero.
B. Program terminates abnormally.
C. No error.
D.None of these.
#include<stdio.h>
struct emp
{
char name[20];
int age;
};
int main()
{
emp int xx;
int a;
printf("%d\n", &a);
return 0;
}
A.Error: in printf B. Error: in emp int xx;
C. No error. D.None of these.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Page 14
There is an error in the line emp int xx;
To overcome this error, remove the int and add the struct at the begining of emp int xx;
#include<stdio.h>
struct emp
{
char name[20];
int age;
};
int main()
{
struct emp xx;
int a;
printf("%d\n", &a);
return 0;
}
27. Which of the following is correct about err used in the declaration given below?
typedef enum error { warning, test, exception } err;

A.It is a typedef for enum error.
B. It is a variable of type enum error.
C. The statement is erroneous.
D.It is a structure.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int (*p)() = fun;
(*p)();
return 0;
}
int fun()
{
printf("Ind Test\n");
return 0;
}
A.Error: in int(*p)() = fun;
B. Error: fun() prototype not defined
C. No error
D.None of these
Page 15
29. Which of the definition is correct?
A.int len; B. char int;
C. int long; D.float double;
30. Which of the following operations are INCORRECT?
A. int i = 35; i = i%5;

B. short int j = 255; j = j;
C. long int k = 365L; k = k;
D. float a = 4.14; a = a%3;
31. Which of the following correctly represents a double constant?
A.6.68 B. 6.68L
C. 6.68f D.6.68LF
32. Which of the structure is incorrcet?

struct aa
{
int a=10;
1:
float b=3.14f;
};
struct aa
{
int a;
2:
float b;
struct aa var;
};
struct aa
{
int a;
3:
float b;
struct aa *var;
};
A.1 B. 2
C. 3 D. None of the above
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Page 16
1. In 1st structure there is a compilation error, we cannot assign values in structures for
structure members so 1st structure is invalid
2. Structure cannot conation variable of same type so 2nd structure is invalid.
33. which of the following are correct?
typedef long a;
1:
extern int a c;
typedef long a;
2:
extern a int c;
typedef long a;
3:
extern a c;
A.1 correct B. 2 correct
C. 3 correct D.1, 2, 3 are correct
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
typedef long a;
extern int a c; while compiling this statement becomes extern int long c;. This will result in to
"Declaration syntax error".
typedef long a;
extern a int c; while compiling this statement becomes extern long int c;. This will result in to
"Too many types in declaration error".
typedef long a;
extern a c; while compiling this statement becomes extern long c;. This is a valid c declaration
statement. It says variable c is long data type and defined in some other file or module.
So, Option C is the correct answer.
34. A long double can be used if range of a double is not enough to accommodate a real number.
A.False B.True
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Page 17
35. A float is 4 bytes wide, whereas a double is 8 bytes wide. long double is 10 byte wide
A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True,
float = 4 bytes.
double = 8 bytes.
long double=10 bytes .
36. If the definition of the external variable occurs in the source file before its use in a particular
function, then there is no need for an extern declaration in the function.
A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True, When a function is declared inside the source file, that function(local function) get a
priority than the extern function. So there is no need to declare a function as extern inside the
same source file.
37. Size of short integer and long integer can be verified using the sizeof() operator.
A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True, we can find the size of short integer and long integer using the sizeof() operator.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("short int is %d bytes.,\nlong int is %d bytes.",
sizeof(short),sizeof(long));
return 0;
}
Page 18
Output:
short int is 2 bytes.
long int is 4 bytes.
38. Range of double is -1.7e-308 to 1.7e+308
A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
False, The range of double is -1.7e-308 to 1.7e+308.
39. Size of short integer and long integer would vary from one platform to another.
A.True B.False
40. Range of float id -2.25e-38 to 2.25e+38
A.True B.False
41. Is there any difference int the following declarations?

int myfun(int a[]);
int myfun(a[20]);
A.Yes B.No
42. Suppose a program is divided into three files f1, f2 and f3, and a variable is defined in the file
f1 but used in files f2 and f3. In such a case would we need the extern declaration for the
variables in the files f2 and f3?
A.Yes B.No
43. Global variable are available to all functions. Does there exist a mechanism by way of which
it available to some and not to others.
A.Yes B.No
44. Is it true that a global variable may have several declarations, but only one definition?
A.Yes B.No
45. Is it true that a function may have several declarations, but only one definition?
A.Yes B.No
Page 19
Control Instructions
1.How many times "Ind Test" is get printed?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x;
for(x=-1; x<=10; x++)
{
if(x < 5)
continue;
else
break;
printf("Ind Test ");
}
return 0;
}
A.Infinite times B. 11 times
C. 0 times D.10 times
2.void main()
{
float me = 1.1;
double you = 1.1;
if(me==you)
printf("I love U");
else
printf("I hate U");
}
A.I Love U B. I hate U C. no output D.none of the above
3. How many times the while loop will get executed if a short int is 2 byte wide?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int j=1;
while(j <= 256)
{
printf("%c %d\n", j, j);
j++;
Page 20
}
return 0;
}
C. 256 times D.254 times
3. Which of the following is not logical operator?
A.& B. &&
C. || D.!
4.void main()
{
int i=3;
switch(i)
{
default:printf("zero");
case 1: printf("one");
break;
case 2:printf("two");
break;
case 3: printf("three");
break;
}
}
05.void main()
{
printf("%x",-1<<4);
}
A. ffff B. fffo C. -1 D.
12. main()
{
int c=- -2;
printf("c=%d",c);
}
A. -2 B. 2 C. 0 D. Error
06.void main()
{
int i=10;
i=!i>14;
Printf ("i=%d",i);
}
A. 10 B. 1 C. 0 D. 14
Page 21
07.. Which is the correct order of mathematical operators ?
A.Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division

B. Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction
C. Multiplication, Addition, Division, Subtraction
D.Addition, Division, Modulus, Subtraction
8. Which of the following cannot be checked in a switch-case statement?

A.Character B. Integer
C. Float D.enum
09.void main()
{
printf("\nab");
printf("\bsi");
printf("\rha");
}
A.absiha B.hai C.garbage value D.Error
10. void main()

{
int i=5;
printf("%d%d%d%d%d%d",i++,i--,++i,--i,i);
}
A. 5 5 5 5 5 B. 4 4 4 4 4 C. 4 5 5 4 5 D. 5 6 4 3 3
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=0;
for(; i<=5; i++);
printf("%d,", i);
return 0;
}
A.0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B. 5
C. 1, 2, 3, 4 D.6
12. void main()

{
int i=400,j=300;
printf("%d..%d");
}
Page 22
A.garbage value garbage value B.400..300 C.0..0
D.Error
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[]="C-program";
int a = 5;
printf(a >1?"Ind Test\n":"%s\n", str);
return 0;
}
A.C-program B. Ind Test
14. Will the following code compile

void main()
{
int i=1;
while (i<=5)
{
printf("%d",i);
if (i>2)
goto here;
i++;
}
}
fun()
{
here:
printf("PP");
}
A. Yes B. No
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 50, b = 10, c;
if(!a >= 400)
b = 30;
c = 200;
printf("b = %d c = %d\n", b, c);
return 0;
}
Page 23
A.b = 30 c = 200 B. b = 10 c = garbage
C. b = 30 c = garbage D.b = 10 c = 200
16. void main()

{
int i=5;
printf("%d",i++ + ++i);
}
17.Will the following code compile

void main()
{
int i=5;
printf("%d",i+++++i);
}
A. Yes B. No
main()
{
int i=1,j=2;
switch(i)
{
case 1: printf("GOOD");
break;
case j: printf("BAD");
break;
}
}
A. BAD B.GOOD C.GOODBAD D.error
void main()
{
int i;
printf("%d",scanf("%d",&i)); // value 10 is given as input here
}
A. Yes B. No
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int i = 65535; /* Assume 2 byte integer*/
Page 24
while(i++ >= 0)
printf("%d",i);
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
A.Infinite loop
B. 0 1 2 ... 65535
C. 0 1 2 ... 32767 - 32766 -32765 -1 0
D.No output
21.void main()
{
int i=0;
for(;i++;printf("%d",i)) ;
printf("%d",i);
}
A. 0 B.1 C. infinite loop D.error
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 3;
float y = 3.0;
if(x == y)
printf("I love you");
else
printf("I hate you");
return 0;
}
A.I love you B. I hate you
C. Unpredictable D.No output
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
if(ch = printf(""))
printf("It matters\n");
else
printf("It doesn't matters\n");
return 0;
}
Page 25
A.It matters B. It doesn't matters
C. matters D.No output
24.void main( )
{
char *q;
int j;
for (j=0; j<3; j++) scanf(%s ,(q+j));
for (j=0; j<3; j++) printf(%c ,*(q+j));
for (j=0; j<3; j++) printf(%s ,(q+j));
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float a = 0.7;
if(0.7 > a)
printf("Hi if\n");
else
printf("Hello else\n");
return 0;
}
A.Hi if B. Hello else
C. Hi if Hello else D.None of above

void main()
{
int k=1;
printf("%d==1 is ""%s",k,k==1?"TRUE":"FALSE");
}
A. Yes B. No
27. The program is used to check whether the given year is leap or not
void main()
{
int y;
scanf("%d",&y); // input given is 2000
if( (y%4==0 && y%100 != 0) || y%100 == 0 )
printf("%d is a leap year");
else
printf("%d is not a leap year");
}
A. Yes B. No
Page 26
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a=0, b=1, c=3;
*((a) ? &b : &a) = a ? b: c;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", a, b, c);
return 0;
}
A.0, 1, 3 B. 1, 2, 3
C. 3, 1, 3 D.1, 3, 1
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 5;
while(i-- >= 0)
printf("%d,", i);
i = 5;
printf("\n");
while(i-- >= 0)
printf("%i,", i);
while(i-- >= 0)
printf("%d,", i);
return 0;
}
5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1
A. B. 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1
5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
C. Error D.
5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0
30.Will the following code compilemain()

{
int i=-1;
-i;
printf("i = %d, -i = %d \n",i,-i);
}
A. Yes B. No
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
Page 27
{
const int i=4;
float j;
j = ++i;
printf("%d %f", i,++j);
}
A. Yes B. No

void main()
{
int i=-1;
-i;
printf("i = %d, -i = %d \n",i,-i);
}
B. Yes B. No

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
const int i=4;
float j;
j = ++i;
printf("%d %f", i,++j);
}
B. Yes B. No
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=3;
switch(i)
{
case 1:
printf("Hello\n");
case 2:
printf("Hi\n");
case 3:
printf("Bye\n");
default:
Page 28
continue;
}
return 0;
}
A.Error: Misplaced continue B. Bye
C. No output D.Hello Hi

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 1, y = 2;
if(!(!x) && x)
printf("x = %d\n", x);
else
printf("y = %d\n", y);
return 0;
}
A.y =20 B. x = 0
C. x = 1 D.x = 1
36. void main()
{
int i=5,j=6,z;
printf("%d",i+++j);
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=4;
switch(i)
{
default:
printf("This is default\n");
case 1:
printf("This is case 1\n");
case 2:
break;
case 3:
}
return 0;
Page 29
}
This is default
This is case 1 This is case 3
A. B.
This is case 2 This is default
This is case 1
C. D.This is default
This is case 3
38. void main()

{
int i =0;j=0;
if(i && j++)
printf("%d..%d",i++,j);
printf("%d..%d,i,j);
}
A. 0..0 B. 0..1 C. 1..1 D.error
39.
void main(){
int a= 0;int b = 20;char x =1;char y =10;
if(a,b,x,y)
printf("hello");
}
A.hello B.nooutput C.error D.none of the above
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 1;
switch(i)
{
printf("Hello\n");
case 1:
printf("Hi\n");
break;
case 2:
printf("\nBye\n");
break;
}
return 0;
}
Hello
Hello
A. B. Bye
Hi
Page 30
C. Hi D.Bye

void main()
{
int i=-1;
+i;
printf("i = %d, +i = %d \n",i,+i);
}
A. Yes B. No
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char j=1;
while(j < 5)
{
printf("%d, ", j);
j = j+1;
}
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
A.1 2 3 ... 127
B. 1 2 3 ... 255
C.1 2 3 ... 127 128 0 1 2 3 ... infinite times
D.1, 2, 3, 4
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x, y, z;
x=y=z=1;
z = ++x || ++y && ++z;
printf("x=%d, y=%d, z=%d\n", x, y, z);
return 0;
}
A.x=2, y=1, z=1 B. x=2, y=2, z=1
C. x=2, y=2, z=2 D.x=1, y=2, z=1
Page 31
44. Point out the error, if any in the for loop.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=1;
for(;;)
{
printf("%d\n", i++);
if(i>10)
break;
}
return 0;
}
A.There should be a condition in the for loop
B. The two semicolons should be dropped
C. The for loop should be replaced with while loop.
D.No error
45.. #include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 1000;
switch(a)
{
}
printf("This is c program.");
return 0;
}
A.Error: No case statement specified
B. Error: No default specified
C. No Error
D.Error: infinite loop occurs
46. Point out the error, if any in the program.
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
int i ;
i=1;
switch(i)
{
printf("This is c program.");
case 1:
printf("Case1");
Page 32
break;
case 2:
printf("Case2");
break;
}
}
A.Error: No default specified
B. Error: Invalid printf statement after switch statement
C. No Error and prints "Case1"
D.None of above
47. Point out the error, if any in the while loop.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=0;
while()
{
printf("%d\n", i++);
if(i>10)
break;
}
return 0;
}
A.There should be a condition in the while loop
B. There should be at least a semicolon in the while
C. The while loop should be replaced with for loop.
D.No error
48. Which of the following errors would be reported by the compiler on compiling the program
given below?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a = 4;
switch(a)
{
case 1:
printf("First");
case 2:
printf("Second");
case 3 + 1:
Page 33
printf("Third");
case 4:
printf("Final");
break;
}
return 0;
}
A.There is no break statement in each case.
B. Expression as in case 3 + 1 is not allowed.
C. Duplicate case case 4:
D.No error will be reported.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int j = 100;
switch(j)
{
case 10:
printf("Case 1");
case 20:
printf("Case 2");
break;
case j:
printf("Case j");
break;
}
return 0;
}
A.Error: No default value is specified
B. Error: Constant expression required at line case j:
C. Error: There is no break statement in each case.
D.No error will be reported.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
Page 34
int i = 10;
switch(i)
{
case 1:
printf("Case10");
break;
case 1*2+4:
printf("Case2");
break;
}
return 0;
}
A.Error: in case 1*2+4 statement
B. Error: No default specified
C. Error: in switch statement
D.No Error
51. Point out the error, if any in the while loop.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
void fun();
int i = 1;
while(i <= 5)
{
printf("%d\n", i);
if(i>2)
goto here;
}
return 0;
}
void fun()
{
here:
printf("It works");
}
A.No Error: prints "It works"
B. Error: fun() cannot be accessed
C. Error: goto cannot takeover control to other function
D.No error
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Page 35
goto is unconditional construct which transfer the control form one position to another position
unconditionally within the function. A label is used as the target of a goto statement, and that
label must be within the same function as the goto statement.
There are two type of jumps a) forward jump b) backward jump
Point out the error, if any in the program.
int main()
{
int a = 10, b;
a >=5 ? b=100: b=200;
printf("%d\n", b);
return 0;
}
A.100 B. 200
C. Error: L value required for b D.Garbage value
53. Which of the following statements are correct about the below program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 10, j = 20;
if(i = 5) && if(j = 10)
printf("Have a nice day");
return 0;
}
A.Output: Have a nice day
B. No output
C. Error: Expression syntax
D.Error: Undeclared identifier if
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 10, j = 15;
if(i % 2 = j % 3)
printf("IndiaBIX\n");
return 0;
}
A.Error: Expression syntax B. Error: Lvalue required
Page 36
C. Error: Rvalue required D.The Code runs successfully
55. Point out the correct statements are correct about the program below?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char x;
while(x=0;x<=255;x++)
printf("ASCII value of %d character %c\n", x, x);
return 0;
}
A.The code generates an infinite loop
B. The code prints all ASCII values and its characters
C. Error: x undeclared identifier
D.Error: while statement missing
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i = 0;
i++;
if(i++ <= 5)
{
printf("Ind Test\n");
exit();
main();
}
return 0;
}
A.The program prints ' Ind Test ' 5 times
B. The program prints ' Ind Test ' one time
C. The call to main() after exit() doesn't materialize.
D.The compiler reports an error since main() cannot call itself.
57. Which of the following statements are correct about the below C-program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x = 10, y = 100%90, i;
for(i=1; i<10; i++)
Page 37
if(x != y);
printf("x = %d y = %d\n", x, y);
return 0;
}
1 : The printf() function is called 10 times.
2 : The program will produce the output x = 10 y = 10
3 : The ; after the if(x!=y) will NOT produce an error.
4 : The program will not produce output.
A.1 B. 2, 3
C. 3, 4 D.4
58. The way the break is used to take control out of switch can continue to take control of the
beginning of the switch?
A.True B.False
59. Can we use a switch statement to switch on strings?
A.True B.False
60.We want to test whether a value lies in the range 1 to 3 or 9 to 11. Can we do this using a
switch?
A.True B.False
Page 38
Floating Point Concepts
1. What are the different types of real data type in C ?
A.float, double,long B. short int, double, long int,char

C. float, double, long double D.double, long int, float
2. What will you do to treat the constant 3.14 as a long double?
A.use 3.14LD B. use 3.14L

C. use 3.14DL D.use 3.14LF
3. Which statement will you add in the following program to work it correctly?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%f\n", log(36.0));
return 0;
}
A.#include<conio.h> B. #include<math.h>
C. #include<stdlib.h> D.#include<dos.h>
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float *p;
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));
return 0;
}
A.2 in 16bit compiler, 4 in 32bit compiler
B. 4 in 16bit compiler, 2 in 32bit compiler
C. 4 in 16bit compiler, 4 in 32bit compiler
D.2 in 16bit compiler, 2 in 32bit compiler
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float fval=7.987;
Page 39
printf("%d\n", (int)fval);
return 0;
}
A.0 B. 0.0
C. 7.0 D.7
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
printf("%f\n", sqrt(49.0));
return 0;
}
A.7.0 B. 7
C. 7.000000 D.Error: Prototype sqrt() not found.
Answer: Option C
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", sizeof(3.14f), sizeof(3.14), sizeof(3.14l));
return 0;
}
A.4, 4, 4 B. 4, 8, 8
C. 4, 8, 10 D.4, 8, 12
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float f=43.20;
printf("%e, ", f);
printf("%f, ", f);
printf("%g", f);
return 0;
}
A.4.320000e+01, 43.200001, 43.2 B. 4.3, 43.22, 43.21
Page 40
C. 4.3e, 43.20f, 43.00 D.Error
#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>
int main()
{
float n=1.54;
printf("%f, %f\n", ceil(n), floor(n));
return 0;
}
A.2.000000, 1.000000 B. 1.500000, 1.500000
C. 1.550000, 2.000000 D.1.000000, 2.000000
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float d=2.25;
printf("%e,", d);
printf("%f,", d);
printf("%g,", d);
printf("%lf", d);
return 0;
}
A.2.2, 2.50, 2.50, 2.5
B. 2.2e, 2.25f, 2.00, 2.25
C. 2.250000e+000, 2.250000, 2.25, 2.250000
D.Error
Page 41
Functions
1. The keyword used to transfer control from a function back to the calling function is
A.switch B. goto
C. go back D.return
2.void main()
{
static int var = 5;
printf("%d ",var--);
if(var)
main();
}
3.void main()
{
extern int i;
i=20;
printf("%d",i);
}
4. What is the notation for following functions?
1. int f(int a, float b)

{
/* Some code */
}
2. int f(a, b)
int a; float b;
{
/* Some code */
}
1. KR Notation 1. Pre ANSI C Notation
A. B.
2. ANSI Notation 2. KR Notation
1. ANSI Notation 1. ANSI Notation
C. D.
2. KR Notation 2. Pre ANSI Notation

void main()
{
extern out;
printf("%d", out);
}
int out=100;
A. Yes B. No
Page 42
main()
{
show();
}
void show()
{
printf("I'm the greatest");
}
A. Yes B. No
7. How many times the program will print "Ind Test" ?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Ind Test");
main();
return 0;
}
C. 65535 times D.Till stack doesn't overflow

void main()
{
printf("%d", out);
}
int out=100;
A. Yes B. No
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int fun();
int i;
i = fun();
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
Page 43
int fun()
{
_AX = 19;
}
A.Garbage value B. 0 (Zero)
C. 19 D.No output

void main()
{
main();
}
A. Yes B. No
#include<stdio.h>
void fun(int*, int*);
int main()
{
int i=5, j=2;
fun(&i, &j);
printf("%d, %d", i, j);
return 0;
}
void fun(int *i, int *j)
{
*i = *i**i;
*j = *j**j;
}
A.5, 2 B. 10, 4
C. 2, 5 D.25, 4
12. int i=10;
void main()
{
extern int i;
{
int i=20;
{
unsigned i=30;
printf("%d",i);
}
printf("%d",i);
}
printf("%d",i);
}
Page 44
A. 10 20 30 B. 30 20 10 C. 10 10 10 D. 20 20 20
#include<stdio.h>
int i;
int fun();
int main()
{
while(i)
{
fun();
main();
}
printf("Hello\n");
return 0;
}
int fun()
{
printf("Hi");
}
A.Hello B. Hi Hello
C. No output D.Infinite loop
14 #include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
register i=5;
char j[]= "hello";
printf("%s %d",j,i);
}
A. hello 5 B. 5 hello C. error D. none of the above
#include<stdio.h>
int reverse(int);
int main()
{
int no=5;
reverse(no);
return 0;
}
int reverse(int no)
{
if(no == 0)
return 0;
else
printf("%d,", no);
Page 45
reverse (no--);
}
A.Print 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 B. Print 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C. Print 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 D.Infinite loop
void main()
{
int i=_l_abc(10);
printf("%d\n",--i);
}
int _l_abc(int i)
{
return(i++);
}
A. Yes B. No

#include<stdio.h>
void fun(int);
int main()
{
int a=3;
fun(a);
return 0;
}
void fun(int n)
{
if(n > 0)
{
fun(--n);
printf("%d,", n);
fun(--n);
}
}
18. Will the code convert lower case to upper case
void main()
{
char c=' ',x,convert(z);
getc(c);
if((c>='a') && (c<='z'))

x=convert(c);
printf("%c",x);
}
convert(z)
{
Page 46
return z-32;
}
A. Yes B. No
19. void main(int argc, char **argv)

{
printf("enter the character");
getchar();
sum(argv[1],argv[2]);
}
sum(num1,num2)
int num1,num2;
{
return num1+num2;
}
Answer:
20. # include <stdio.h>
int one_d[]={1,2,3};
main()
{
int *ptr;
ptr=one_d;
ptr+=3;
printf("%d",*ptr);
}
A. 1 B.2 C.3 D. garbage value

21. # include<stdio.h>
aaa() {
printf("hi");
}
bbb(){
printf("hello");
}
ccc(){
printf("bye");
}
main()
{
int (*ptr[3])();
ptr[0]=aaa;
ptr[1]=bbb;
ptr[2]=ccc;
ptr[2]();
}
Page 47
A.hi B.hello C.bye D.error
main()
{
int i;
i = abc();
printf("%d",i);
}
abc()
{
_AX = 1000;
}
A. Yes B. No
23. void main()
{
extern int i;
i=20;
printf("%d",sizeof(i));
}
#include<stdio.h>
int sumdig(int);
int main()
{
int a, b;
a = sumdig(123);
b = sumdig(123);
printf("%d, %d\n", a, b);
return 0;
}
int sumdig(int n)
{
int s, d;
if(n!=0)
{
d = n%10;
n = n/10;
s = d+sumdig(n);
}
else
return 0;
return s;
}
Page 48
A. 4, 4 B. 3, 3 C. 6, 6 D. 12, 12

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
void fun(char*);
char a[100];
a[0] = 'A'; a[1] = 'B';
a[2] = 'C'; a[3] = 'D';
fun(&a[0]);
return 0;
}
void fun(char *a)
{
a++;
printf("%c", *a);
a++;
printf("%c", *a);
}
[A].AB [B]. BC
[C].CD [D].No output
#include<stdio.h>
int fun(int, int);
typedef int (*pf) (int, int);
int proc(pf, int, int);
int main()
{
printf("%d\n", proc(fun, 6, 6));
return 0;
}
int fun(int a, int b)
{
return (a==b);
}
int proc(pf p, int a, int b)
{
return ((*p)(a, b));
}
[A].6 [B]. 1
[C].0 [D].-1

#include<stdio.h>
Page 49
int main()
{
int i=1;
if(!i)
printf("Ind Test");
else
{
i=0;
printf("C-Program");
main();
}
return 0;
}
A.prints " Ind Test, C-Program" infinitely
B. prints "C-Program" infinetly
C. prints "C-Program, Ind Test " infinitely
D.Error: main() should not inside else statement

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=3, j=4, k, l;
k = addmult(i, j);
l = addmult(i, j);
printf("%d %d\n", k, l);
return 0;
}
int addmult(int ii, int jj);
{
int kk, ll;
kk = ii + jj;
ll = ii * jj;
return (kk, ll);
}
A.Function addmult()return 7 and 12
B. No output
C. Error: Compile error
D.None of above

#include<stdio.h>
int i;
int fun1(int);
int fun2(int);
Page 50
int main()
{
extern int j;
int i=3;
fun1(i);
printf("%d,", i);
fun2(i);
printf("%d", i);
return 0;
}
int fun1(int j)
{
printf("%d,", ++j);
return 0;
}
int fun2(int i)
{
printf("%d,", ++i);
return 0;
}
int j=1;
A.3, 4, 4, 3 B. 4, 3, 4, 3
C. 3, 3, 4, 4 D.3, 4, 3, 4
#include<stdio.h>
int func1(int);
int main()
{
int k=35;
k = func1(k=func1(k=func1(k)));
printf("k=%d\n", k);
return 0;
}
int func1(int k)
{
k++;
return k;
}
A.k=35 B. k=36
C. k=37 D.k=38
#include<stdio.h>
int fun(int(*)());
Page 51
int main()
{
fun(main);
printf("Hi\n");
return 0;
}
int fun(int (*p)())
{
printf("Hello ");
return 0;
}
[A].Infinite loop [B]. Hi
[C].Hello Hi [D].Error

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int fun(int);
int i=3;
fun(i=fun(fun(i)));
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
fun(int i)
{
i++;
return i;
}
A.5 B. 4
C. Error D.Garbage value
33.Point out the error in the program

f(int a, int b)
{
int a;
a = 20;
return a;
}
A.Missing parenthesis in return statement
B. The function should be defined as int f(int a, int b)
C. Redeclaration of a
D.None of above
34. Which of the following statements are correct about the program?
#include<stdio.h>
Page 52
int main()
{
printf("%p\n", main());
return 0;
}
A.It prints garbage values infinitely
B. Runs infinitely without printing anything
C. Error: main() cannot be called inside printf()
D.No Error and print nothing
35. There is a error in the below program. Which statement will you add to remove it?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a;
a = f(10, 3.14);
printf("%d\n", a);
return 0;
}
float f(int aa, float bb)
{
return ((float)aa + bb);
}
A.Add prototype: float f(aa, bb)
B. Add prototype: float f(int, float)
C. Add prototype: float f(float, int)
D.Add prototype: float f(bb, aa)
36. Which of the following statements are correct about the function?
long fun(int num)
{
int i;
long f=1;
for(i=1; i<=num; i++)
f = f * i;
return f;
}
A.The function calculates the value of 1 raised to power num.
B. The function calculates the square root of an integer
C. The function calculates the factorial value of an integer
D.None of above
22. A function cannot be defined inside another function

A.True B.False
37. Functions cannot return more than one value at a time
Page 53
A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True, A function cannot return more than one value at a time. because after returning a value the
control is given back to calling function.
But if you want return multiple values from function return structure type.
37. If return type for a function is not specified, it defaults to int
A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True, The default return type for a function is int.
38. In C all functions except main() can be called recursively.
A.True B.False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Any function including main() can be called recursively.
39. Functions can be called either by value or reference
A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Page 54
True, A function can be called either call by value or call by reference.
Example:
Call by value means c = sub(a, b); here value of a and b are passed.
Call by reference or address or pointer means c = sub(&a, &b); here address of a and b are
passed.
40. Names of functions in two different files linked together must be unique
A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True, If two function are declared in a same name, it gives "Error: Multiple declaration of
function_name())".
41. A function may have any number of return statements each returning different values.
A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True, A function may have any number of return statements each returning different values and
each return statements will not occur successively.
Eg:
int fun(int a,int b)
{
if(a>b)
return a;
else
return b;
}
42. Names of functions in two different files linked together must be unique
A.True B.False
Page 55
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
True, If two function are declared in a same name, it gives "Error: Multiple declaration of
function_name())".
Library Functions
1.What will the function rewind() do?
A.Reposition the file pointer to a character reverse.
B. Reposition the file pointer stream to end of file.
C. Reposition the file pointer to begining of that line.
D.Reposition the file pointer to begining of file.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Page 56
rewind() takes the file pointer to the beginning of the file. so that the next I/O operation will take
place at the beginning of the file.
Example: rewind(FilePointer);
2. Input/output function prototypes and macros are defined in which header file?
A.conio.h B. stdlib.h
C. stdio.h D.dos.h
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
stdio.h, which stands for "standard input/output header", is the header in the C standard library
that contains macro definitions, constants, and declarations of functions and types used for
various standard input and output operations.
3. Which standard library function will you use to find the last occurance of a character in a
string in C?
A.strnchar() B. strchar()
C. strrchar() D.strrchr()
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
strrchr() returns a pointer to the last occurrence of character in a string.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
char str[30] = "1234567891011121345567";
printf("The last position of '2' is %d.\n",
strrchr(str, '2') - str);
return 0;
}
Page 57
Output: The last position of '2' is 14.
4. Does there any function exist to convert the int or float to a string?
A.Yes B.No
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
1. itoa() converts an integer to a string.

2. ltoa() converts a long to a string.
3. ultoa() converts an unsigned long to a string.
4. sprintf() sends formatted output to a string, so it can be used to convert any type of values to
string type.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main(void)
{
int num1 = 12345;
float num2 = 5.12;
char str1[20];
char str2[20];
itoa(num1, str1, 10); /* 10 radix value */

printf("integer = %d string = %s \n", num1, str1);
sprintf(str2, "%f", num2);

printf("float = %f string = %s", num2, str2);
return 0;
}
// Output:
// integer = 12345 string = 12345
// float = 5.120000 string = 5.120000
5. Can you use the fprintf() to display the output on the screen?
A.Yes B.No
Page 58
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Do like this fprintf(stdout, "%s %d %f", hello,35,10.23);
6. What will the function randomize() do?
A.returns a random number.

B. returns a random number generator in the specified range.
C. returns a random number generator with a random value based on time.
D.return a random number with a given seed value.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The randomize() function initializes the random number generator with a random value based on
time. You can try the sample program given below in Turbo-C, it may not work as expected in
other compilers.
/* Prints a random number in the range 0 to 99 */
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
int main(void)
{
randomize();
printf("Random number in the 0-99 range: %d\n", random (100));
return 0;
}

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
i = printf("How r u\n");
i = printf("%d\n", i);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
Page 59
How r u How r u
A.7 B. 8
2 2
How r u
C. 1 D.Error: cannot assign printf to variable
1
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In the program, printf() returns the number of charecters printed on the console
i = printf("How r u\n"); This line prints "How r u" with a new line character and returns the
length of string printed then assign it to variable i.
So i = 8 (length of '\n' is 1).
i = printf("%d\n", i); In the previous step the value of i is 8. So it prints "8" with a new line
character and returns the length of string printed then assign it to variable i. So i = 2 (length of
'\n' is 1).
printf("%d\n", i); In the previous step the value of i is 2. So it prints "2"
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
char *i = "55.555";
int result1 = 10;
float result2 = 11.111;
result1 = result1+atoi(i);
result2 = result2+atof(i);
printf("%d, %f", result1, result2);
return 0;
}
A.55, 55.555 B. 66, 66.666600
C. 65, 66.666000 D.55, 55
Answer: Option C
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Explanation:
Function atoi() converts the string to integer.

Function atof() converts the string to float.
result1 = result1+atoi(i);
Here result1 = 10 + atoi(55.555);
result1 = 10 + 55;
result1 = 65;
result2 = result2+atof(i);
Here result2 = 11.111 + atof(55.555);
result2 = 11.111 + 55.555000;
result2 = 66.666000;
So the output is "65, 66.666000"
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char dest[] = {98, 98, 0};
char src[] = "bbb";
int i;
if((i = memcmp(dest, src, 2))==0)
printf("Got it");
else
printf("Missed");
return 0;
}
A.Missed B. Got it
C. Error in memcmp statement D.None of above
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
memcmp compares the first 2 bytes of the blocks dest and src as unsigned chars. So, the ASCII
value of 98 is 'b'.
if((i = memcmp(dest, src, 2))==0) When comparing the array dest and src as unsigned chars, the
first 2 bytes are same in both variables.so memcmp returns '0'.
Then, the if(0=0) condition is satisfied. Hence the output is "Got it".
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10. What will function gcvt() do?
A.Convert vector to integer value

B. Convert floating-point number to a string
C. Convert 2D array in to 1D array.
D.Covert multi Dimensional array to 1D array
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The gcvt() function converts a floating-point number to a string. It converts given value to a null-
terminated string.
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char str[25];
double num;
int sig = 5; /* significant digits */
/* a regular number */
num = 9.876;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str);
/* a negative number */
num = -123.4567;
/* scientific notation */
num = 0.678e5;
return(0);
}
Output:
string = 9.876
string = -123.46
string = 67800
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#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
char c;
for(i=1; i<=5; i++)
{
scanf("%c", &c); /* given input is 'a' */
printf("%c", c);
ungetc(c, stdin);
}
return 0;
}
A.aaaa B. aaaaa
C. Garbage value. D.Error in ungetc statement.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
for(i=1; i<=5; i++) Here the for loop runs 5 times.
Loop 1:
scanf("%c", &c); Here we give 'a' as input.
printf("%c", c); prints the character 'a' which is given in the previous "scanf()" statement.
ungetc(c, stdin); "ungetc()" function pushes character 'a' back into input stream.
Loop 2:
Here the scanf("%c", &c); get the input from "stdin" because of "ungetc" function.
printf("%c", c); Now variable c = 'a'. So it prints the character 'a'.
ungetc(c, stdin); "ungetc()" function pushes character 'a' back into input stream.
This above process will be repeated in Loop 3, Loop 4, Loop 5.
12. It is necessary that for the string functions to work safely the strings must be terminated with
'\0'.
A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
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C string is a character sequence stored as a one-dimensional character array and terminated with
a null character('\0', called NULL in ASCII).
The length of a C string is found by searching for the (first) NULL byte.
13.The prototypes of all standard library string functions are declared in the file string.h.
A.Yes B.No
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
string.h is the header in the C standard library for the C programming language which contains
macro definitions, constants, and declarations of functions and types used not only for string
handling but also various memory handling functions.
14. scanf() or atoi() function can be used to convert a string like "436" in to integer.
A.Yes B.No
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
scanf is a function that reads data with specified format from a given string stream source.
scanf("%d",&number);
atoi() convert string to integer.

var number;
number = atoi("string");
15. Which header file should be included to use functions like malloc() and calloc()?
A.memory.h B. stdlib.h
C. string.h D.dos.h
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
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Stdlib means standard library function. Which contains malloc(),calloc(),realloc(),free() function
declarations.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *p;
p = (int *)malloc(20); /* Assume p has address of 1318 */
free(p);
printf("%u", p);
return 0;
}
[A].1318 [B]. Garbage value
[C].1316 [D].Random address
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
free(p) means it deletes the memory pointed by p but not p so it prints 1318
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int main()
{
int *p;
p = (int *)malloc(20);
printf("%d\n", sizeof(p));
free(p);
return 0;
}
A.4 B. 2
C. 8 D.Garbage value
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
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The sizeof any pointer on 16 bit dos is 2 bytes.
If it under gcc then it is 4 bytes.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *s;
char *fun();
s = fun();
printf("%s\n", s);
return 0;
}
char *fun()
{
char buffer[30];
strcpy(buffer, "RAM");
return (buffer);
}
A.0xffff B. Garbage value
C. 0xffee D.Error
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The output is unpredictable since buffer is an auto array and will die when the control go back to
main. Thus s will be pointing to an array , which not exists. This is also called dangling pointer.
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Pointers
1.Can you combine the following two statements into one?
char *p;
p = (char*) malloc(10);
[A]. char p = *malloc(10);
[B]. char *p = (char) malloc(10);
[C]. char *p = (char*)malloc(10);
[D]. char *p = (char *)(malloc*)(10);
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Malloc will allocate space dynamically by default it returns void* type so inorder to get character
pointer we need to typecast it char *.
2. what is the sizeof near, far and huge pointers in DOS?

A. near=2 far=4 huge=4 B. near=4 far=8 huge=8
C. near=2 far=4 huge=8 D. near=4 far=4 huge=4
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
near=2, far=4 and huge=4 pointers exist only under DOS. Under windows and Linux every
pointers is 4 bytes long.
3. If a variable is a pointer to a structure, then which of the following operator is used to access
data members of the structure through the pointer variable?
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A. '.' B. '&'
C. '*' D. '->'
Answer: Option D
Explanation: ->operator is pointer to structure member
4. void main()
{
int const * p=5;
printf("%d",++(*p));
}
A.6 B.5 C.ERROR D.GARBAGE VALUE
Answer:
Compiler error: Cannot modify a constant value.
Explanation:
p is a pointer to a "constant integer". But we tried to change the value of the
"constant integer".
5. What would be the equivalent pointer expression for referring the array element
a[i][j][k][l][m]
[A].((((a+i)+j)+k)+l) [B]. *(*(*(*(*(a+i)+j)+k)+l)+m

[C].(((a+i)+j)+k+l) [D].((a+i)+j+k+l)
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
For every array a const poiner with the array name will be created internally.
So arrays can be written as
a[i]---->*(a+i);---*(i+a)-- i[a]
a[i][j]---->*(*(a+i)+j);
a[i][j][k]---->*(*(*(a+i)+j)+k);
6. What will be the output of the program ?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int x=30, *y, *z;
y=&x; /* Assume address of x is 500 and integer is 4 byte size */
z=y;
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*y++=*z++;
x++;
printf("x=%d, y=%d, z=%d\n", x, y, z);
return 0;
}
[A].x=31, y=502, z=502 [B]. x=31, y=500, z=500
[C].x=31, y=498, z=498 [D].x=31, y=504, z=504
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
X=30
Y=&x(y<=500)
Z contains y that the address in y is copied to z(500)
*y++=*z++ means contents at *z copied to *y .after that z and y are incremented to 504
X++ means 30 is incrementd by 1 and becomes 31
7. main()
{
int i=-1,j=-1,k=0,l=2,m;
m=i++&&j++&&k++||l++;
printf("%d %d %d %d %d",i,j,k,l,m);
}
Answer:
00131
A . -1 -1 0 2 garbage value B. 0 0 1 3 1 C.0 0 1 2 1 D. -1 -1 0 2 1

Explanation :
Logical operations always give a result of 1 or 0 . And also the logical AND
(&&) operator has higher priority over the logical OR (||) operator. So the expression i++ &&
j++ && k++ is executed first. The result of this expression is 0 (-1 && -1 && 0 = 0). Now
the expression is 0 || 2 which evaluates to 1 (because OR operator always gives 1 except for
0 || 0 combination- for which it gives 0). So the value of m is 1. The values of other variables
are also incremented by 1.
7. What will be the output of the program If the integer is 4 bytes long?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int ***r, **q, *p, i=8;
p = &i;
q = &p;
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r = &q;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", *p, **q, ***r);
return 0;
}
A.8, 8, 8 B. 4000, 4002, 4004
C. 4000, 4004, 4008 D.4000, 4008, 4016
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
p is pointer to an integer so it contains addres of i
q is pointer to an integer pointer .so it conatins address of p
r is pointer to pointer to an integer pointer which stores address of q
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
static char *s[] = {"black", "white", "pink", "violet"};
char **ptr[] = {s+3, s+2, s+1, s}, ***p;
p = ptr;
++p;
printf("%s", **p+1);
return 0;
}
A.ink B. ack
C. ite D.let
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
s is array character pointer

s[0]=black and ptr[0]=violet
s[1]=white ptr[1]=pink
s[2]=pink ptr[2]=white
s[3]=violet ptr[3]=black
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here p=ptr means p,ptr represents same address
++p means pointing to second element in the ptr array that is it contains the address of pink
**p+1 =>> here **p means pink addres and +1 means pointing to ink so the output is ink.
9.void main()
{
char *p;
printf("%d %d ",sizeof(*p),sizeof(p));
}
Answer:
12
A. 1 2 B. 1 1 C. 2 2 D. error
Explanation:
The sizeof() operator gives the number of bytes taken by its operand. P is a
character pointer, which needs one byte for storing its value (a character). Hence sizeof(*p)
gives a value of 1. Since it needs two bytes to store the address of the character pointer
sizeof(p) gives 2.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[20] = "Hello";
char *const p=str;
*p='M';
printf("%s\n", str);
return 0;
}
A.Mello B. Hello
C. HMello D.MHello
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Here p contains the base address.char *const p means p should not be modifed but *p can be
modified
So *p=M means H sholud be replaced by M.so out put is Mello

#include<stdio.h>
void fun(void *p);
int i=100;
Page 71
int main()
{
void *vptr;
vptr = &i;
fun(vptr);
return 0;
}
void fun(void *p)
{
int **q;
q = (int**)&p;
printf("%d\n", **q);
}
A.Error: cannot convert from void** to int**
B. Garbage value
C. 100
D. 0
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Here vptr contains the address of I after that,it is passed to function.the address of vptr(void **
type) is converted to (int**) and assigned to q. so **q will give the value of i that is 100

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *str;
str = "%s";
printf(str, "K\n");
return 0;
}
A.Error B. No output
C. K D.%s
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Here the printf 1st arugment is replaced with %s

Prinf(%s,K\n); that is how the compiler is treated.
Page 72
So the output is K
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[2][2][2] = {10, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8};
int *p, *q;
p = &arr[1][1][1];
q = (int*) arr;
printf("%d, %d\n", *p, *q);
return 0;
}
[A].8, 10 [B]. 10, 2
[C].8, 1 [D].Garbage values
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
arr[1][1][1]=8,
*p,
p=&arr[1][1][1],
*p means value at address i.e=8.
(int*)arr always gives first value addres ,
o/p= 8 10
14. The program wont compile

void main()
{
clrscr();
}
clrscr();
A. Ture B.False
Answer:
B.false
No output/error
Explanation:
The first clrscr() occurs inside a function. So it becomes a function call. In the
second clrscr(); is a function declaration (because it is not inside any
function).
Page 73
15. What will be the output of the program assuming that the array begins at the location 1002
and size of an integer is 4 bytes?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3][4] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 };
printf("%u, %u, %u\n", a[0]+1, *(a[0]+1), *(*(a+0)+1));
return 0;
}
[A].448, 4, 4 [B]. 520, 2, 2
[C].1006, 2, 2 [D].Error
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The array begins at the location 1002 and each integer occupies 4bytes. a[0]+1 =(1002+1(is
nothing but 4 bytes)) = 1006
*(a[0]+1) means a[0][1] so 2
*(*(a+0)+1) means a[0][1] so 2
16.void main()
{
char *p;
p="Hello";
printf("%c\n",*&*p);
}
A. Hello B. H C. Garbage Value D.Error

Answer:
H
Explanation:
* is a dereference operator & is a reference operator. They can be applied
any number of times provided it is meaningful. Here p points to the first
character in the string "Hello". *p dereferences it and so its value is H. Again
& references it to an address and * dereferences it to the value H.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *str;
str = "%d\n";
Page 74
str++;
str++;
printf(str-2, 3000);
return 0;
}
A.No output B. 30
C. 3 D.3000
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
str[0] str[1] str[2]

%d \n \0
500 501 502
Str contains 500
++str means 501
++str means 502
Str-2 menas 500
Printf(str-2,300)is treatd as printf(500 address,300)=>printf(%d\n,3000);
So the output is 3000
18.void main()
{
int *j;
{
int i=10;
j=&i;
}
printf("%d",*j);
}
A. 0 B. 10 C. Garbage Value D.error
Answer:
10
Explanation:
The variable i is a block level variable and the visibility is inside that block
only. But the lifetime of i is lifetime of the function so it lives upto the exit of
main function. Since the i is still allocated space, *j prints the value stored in i
since j points i.
19.What will be the output of the program ?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
Page 75
printf("%c\n", 5["IndTest"]);
return 0;
}
A.Error: in printf B. Nothing will print
C. print "E" of IndTest D.print "5"
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
a[i] can be written as i[a]
so 5["IndTest"] can be written as "IndTest"[5] that is value at 5th index

void main()
{
char *cptr,c;
void *vptr,v;
c=10; v=0;
cptr=&c; vptr=&v;
printf("%c%v",c,v);
}
A. Yes B. No
Answer:
B. No
Compiler error (at line number 4): size of v is Unknown.
Explanation:
You can create a variable of type void * but not of type void, since void is an
empty type. In the second line you are creating variable vptr of type void * and
v of type void hence an error.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[] = "peace wolrd";
char *s = str;
printf("%s\n", s++ +3);
return 0;
}
A.Peace wolrd B. Eace world
Page 76
C. Ace world D.ce world
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
S contains starting address of string so s++ +3 gives the addres from the thrid index so the
output is ce world
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *p;
p="hell";
printf("%s\n", *&*&p);
return 0;
}
A.ll B. hell
C. ell D.h
Answer: Option B
In printf * &*& will cancel out and it will be tread as printf(%s\n,p)=>printf(%s\n,hell);
23.void main()
{
char *p;
int *q;
long *r;
p=q=r=0;
p++;
q++;
r++;
printf("%p...%p...%p",p,q,r);
}
A . 0001...0002...0004 B.00020002.0002
C. 0001...0001...0001 D.0004...0004...0004
Answer:
A.0001...0002...0004
Explanation:
Page 77
++ operator when applied to pointers increments address according to their
corresponding data-types.
#include<stdio.h>
power(int**);
int main()
{
int a=6, *aa; /* Address od 'a' is 1000 */
aa = &a;
a = power(&aa);
printf("%d\n", a);
return 0;
}
power(int **ptr)
{
int b;
b = **ptr***ptr;
return (b);
}
A.6 B. 36
C. 216 D.Garbage value
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
aa = &a; // *aa = 6;
power(&aa) is of int** type
**ptr = &aa; ptr is a pointer to a pointer aa.
Hence value stored in a can be accessed using **ptr(which is **ptr = 6).
So the b = **ptr ***ptr means b = 6*6which is 36.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i, a[] = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10};
change(a, 5);
for(i=0; i<=4; i++)
printf("%d, ", a[i]);
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return 0;
}
change(int *b, int n)
{
int i;
for(i=0; i<n; i++)
*(b+i) = *(b+i)+5;
}
[A].7, 9, 11, 13, 15 [B]. 2, 15, 6, 8, 10
[C].2 4 6 8 10 [D].3, 1, -1, -3, -5
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
*(b+i) = *(b+i)+5;
1. i = 0 => *(b+1) ie 4 is replaced by *(b+0)+5 ie 2+5
26. Point out the error in the program
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int j;
for(j=0; j<5; j++)
{
printf("%d\n", a);
a++;
}
return 0;
}
A.Error: Declaration syntax B. Error: Expression syntax
C. Error: LValue required D.Error: Rvalue required
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
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The error at statement a++ a is the array name treated as constatn pointer which should
not be modifed
27. Which of the following statements correctly declare a function that receives a pointer to
pointer to a pointer to a float and returns a pointer to a pointer to a pointer to a pointer to a float?
[A].float **fun(float***); [B]. float *fun(float**);

[C].float fun(float***); [D].float ****fun(float***);
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
From the given question,
"... receives a pointer to pointer to a pointer to a float ***
"... returns a pointer to a pointer to a pointer to a pointer...so the return type is float ****
Therefore, float ****fun (float ***) is the correct answer.
28. Which of the statements is correct about the program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i=10;
int *j=&i;
return 0;
}
A.j and i are pointers to an int
B. i is a pointer to an int and stores address of j
C. j is a pointer to an int and stores address of i
D.j is a pointer to a pointer to an int and stores address of i
Answer: Option C
29. In the following program add a statement in the function fun() such that address of a gets
stored in j?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
Page 80
int *j;
void fun(int**);
fun(&j);
return 0;
}
void fun(int **k)
{
int a=10;
/* Add a statement here */
}
A.**k=a; B. k=&a;
C. *k=&a D.&k=*a
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Here in the function call k conatins address of j
Where k is of int ** and contains js address so any modification done on k will be effected on j.
Inorder to get as address in j
Add *k=&a
Where *k int of int *type and &a is also int * type
30. Which of the statements is correct about the program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[3][3] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
printf("%d\n", *(*(*(arr))));
return 0;
}
A.Output: Garbage value B. Output: 1
C. Output: 3 D.Error: Invalid indirection
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
Here arr is 2D array so at max we can go for pointer to pointer.

Here it is asked to print value at pointer to pointer to pointer
Page 81
31. Which statement will you add to the following program to ensure that the program outputs
"Ind Test" on execution?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char s[] = " Ind Test ";
char t[25];
char *ps, *pt;
ps = s;
pt = t;
while(*ps)
*pt++ = *ps++;
/* Add a statement here */

printf("%s\n", t);
return 0;
}
A.*pt=''; B. pt='\0';
C. pt='\n'; D.*pt='\0';
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
In the loop the data is copied by character by character basis so null character is not copied so,
after the loop terminates t conations only Ind Test so explicitly null character should be
appended.
36. Are the expression *ptr++ and ++*ptr are same?
A.True B.False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
*ptr++ increments the pointer and not the value, whereas the ++*ptr increments the value being
pointed by ptr
37. The program will compile?
Page 82
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char s[5] = "Ind Test";
return 0;
}
A.True B.False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
C doesn't do array bounds checking at compile time, hence this compiles.
But, the modern compilers like Turbo C++ detects this as 'Error: Too many initializers'.
GCC would give you a warning.
38. The following program reports an error on compilation.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float i=100, *j;
void *k;
k=&i;
j=k;
printf("%f\n", *j);
return 0;
}
A.True B.False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
This program will NOT report any error. (Tested in Turbo C under DOS and GCC under Linux)
The output: 100.000000
39. Are the three declarations char **a, char *a[], and char a[][] same?
A.True B.False
Page 83
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
char **a is pointer to pointer to character
char *a[] is array of character pointer
char a[][] is 2D character array.
40. Is there any difference between the following two statements?

char *a=0;
char *b=NULL
A.Yes B.No
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
NULL is #defined as 0 in the 'stdio.h' file. Thus, both a and b are NULL pointers
41. Is the NULL pointer same as an uninitialised pointer?
A.Yes B.No
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A Null pointer is one which holds 0 (zero) as its value and uninitialized pointer may have some
garbage value.
Page 84
Arrays
1.void main()
{
int c[ ]={2.8,3.4,4,6.7,5};
int j,*p=c,*q=c;
for(j=0;j<5;j++) {
printf(" %d ",*c);
++q; }
for(j=0;j<5;j++){
printf(" %d ",*p);
++p; }
}
Answer:
2222223465
A. 2 3 4 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 B. 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 6 5 C. garbage value D. error

Explanation:
Initially pointer c is assigned to both p and q. In the first loop, since only q is
incremented and not c , the value 2 will be printed 5 times. In second loop p itself is
incremented. So the values 2 3 4 6 5 will be printed.
2.What does the following declaration mean?

int (*ptr)[10]
A.ptr is array of pointers to 10 integers

B. ptr is a pointer to an array of 10 integers
C. ptr is an array of 10 integers
D.ptr is an pointer to array
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
If its is written as int *ptr[10] then it is treated as array of 10 pointer
Page 85
3. In C, if you pass an array as an argument to a function, what actually gets passed?
A.Value of elements in array

B. First element of the array
C. Base address of the array
D.Address of the last element of array
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The statement 'C' is correct. When we pass an array as a funtion argument, the base address of
the array will be passed.
Eg:
int fun(int*);
void main()
{
int a[5];
fun(a);//here it base addres of the array.
}
int fun(int *p1)
{
}
void main()
{
int a[2][2][2] = { {10,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8} };
int *p,*q;
p=&a[2][2][2];
*q=***a;
printf("%d----%d",*p,*q);
}
Answer:
SomeGarbageValue---1
A. 10 1 B. garbage value - -1 C. 10 5D. Error

Explanation:
p=&a[2][2][2] you declare only two 2D arrays, but you are trying to access the
third 2D(which you are not declared) it will print garbage values. *q=***a starting address of
a is assigned integer pointer. Now q is pointing to starting address of a. If you print *q, it will
print first element of 3D array.
Page 86
6. What will happen if in a C program you assign a value to an array element whose subscript
exceeds the size of array?
A.The element will be set to 0.

B. The compiler would report an error.
C. The program may crash if some important data gets overwritten.
D.The array size would appropriately grow.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
If the index of the array size is exceeded, the program will crash. Hence "option c" is the correct
answer.
Example: Run the below program, it will crash in Windows (TurboC Compiler)
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[10];
arr[100]=100;
printf("%d",arr[100]);
return 0;
}
In C there is no bounadary checking Since C is a compiler dependent language, it may give

different outputs at different platforms. We have given the Turbo-C Compiler (Windows) output.
Please try the above programs in Windows (Turbo-C Compiler) and Linux (GCC Compiler), you
will understand the difference better.
7. void main( )
{
int a[2][3][2] = {{{2,4},{7,8},{3,4}},{{2,2},{2,3},{3,4}}};//base address is 100
printf(%u %u %u %d \n,a,*a,**a,***a);
printf(%u %u %u %d \n,a+1,*a+1,**a+1,***a+1);
}
Answer:
100, 100, 100, 2
114, 104, 102, 3
Explanation:
The given array is a 3-D one. It can also be viewed as a 1-D array.
247834222334
Page 87
100 102 104 106 108 110 112 114 116 118 120 122
thus, for the first printf statement a, *a, **a give address of first element .
since the indirection ***a gives the value. Hence, the first line of the output.
for the second printf a+1 increases in the third dimension thus points to value at 114, *a+1
increments in second dimension thus points to 104, **a +1 increments the first dimension thus
points to 102 and ***a+1 first gets the value at first location and then increments it by 1. Hence,
the output.
8.void main( )
{
int a[ ] = {10,20,30,40,50},j,*p;
for(j=0; j<5; j++)
{
printf(%d ,*a);
a++;
}
p = a;
for(j=0; j<5; j++)
{
printf(%d ,*p);
p++;
}
}
A 10 20 30 40 50 10 20 30 40 50 B 10 20 30 40 50 C Error
D. None of the above.
Answer:
Compiler error: lvalue required.
Explanation:
Error is in line with statement a++. The operand must be an lvalue and may
be of any of scalar type for the any operator, array name only when
subscripted is an lvalue. Simply array name is a non-modifiable lvalue.
9.void main( )
{
static int a[ ] = {0,1,2,3,4};
int *p[ ] = {a,a+1,a+2,a+3,a+4};
int **ptr = p;
ptr++;
printf(\n %d %d %d, ptr-p, *ptr-a, **ptr);
*ptr++;
*++ptr;
++*ptr;
}
Page 88
Answer:
111
222
333
344
Explanation:
Let us consider the array and the two pointers with some address
a
01234
100 102 104 106 108
p
100 102 104 106 108
1000 1002 1004 1006 1008
ptr
1000
2000
After execution of the instruction ptr++ value in ptr becomes 1002, if scaling
factor for integer is 2 bytes. Now ptr p is value in ptr starting location of
array p, (1002 1000) / (scaling factor) = 1, *ptr a = value at address
pointed by ptr starting value of array a, 1002 has a value 102 so the value
is (102 100)/(scaling factor) = 1, **ptr is the value stored in the location
pointed by the pointer of ptr = value pointed by value pointed by 1002 = value
pointed by 102 = 1. Hence the output of the firs printf is 1, 1, 1.
After execution of *ptr++ increments value of the value in ptr by scaling factor,
so it becomes1004. Hence, the outputs for the second printf are ptr p = 2,
*ptr a = 2, **ptr = 2.
After execution of *++ptr increments value of the value in ptr by scaling factor,
so it becomes1004. Hence, the outputs for the third printf are ptr p = 3, *ptr
a = 3, **ptr = 3.
After execution of ++*ptr value in ptr remains the same, the value pointed by
the value is incremented by the scaling factor. So the value in array p at
location 1006 changes from 106 10 108,. Hence, the outputs for the fourth
printf are ptr p = 1006 1000 = 3, *ptr a = 108 100 = 4, **ptr = 4.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[5] = {5, 1, 15, 20, 25};
int i, j, m;
i = ++a[1];
j = a[1]++;
m = a[i++];
printf("%d, %d, %d", i, j, m);
return 0;
}
Page 89
A.2, 1, 15 B. 1, 2, 5
C. 3, 2, 15 D.2, 3, 20
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Step 1: int a[5] = {5, 1, 15, 20, 25}; The variable arr is declared as an integer array with a size of
5 and it is initialized to
a[0] = 5, a[1] = 1, a[2] = 15, a[3] = 20, a[4] = 25 .
Step 2: int i, j, m; The variable i,j,m are declared as an integer type.
Step 3: i = ++a[1]; becomes i = ++1; Hence i = 2 and a[1] = 2
Step 4: j = a[1]++; becomes j = 2++; Hence j = 2 and a[1] = 3.
Step 5: m = a[i++]; becomes m = a[2]; Hence m = 15 and i is incremented by 1(i++ means 2++
so i=3)
Step 6: printf("%d, %d, %d", i, j, m); It prints the value of the variables i, j, m
Hence the output of the program is 3, 2, 15
11 void main()
{
char name[10],s[12];
scanf(" \"%[^\"]\"",s);
}
How scanf will execute?
Answer:
First it checks for the leading white space and discards it.Then it matches with
a quotation mark and then it reads all character upto another quotation mark.
12. What will be the output of the program if the array begins at 65486 and each integer occupies
2 bytes?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[] = {12, 14, 15, 23, 45};
printf("%u, %u\n", arr+1, &arr+1);
return 0;
}
A.65488, 65490 B. 64490, 65492
C. 65488, 65496 D.64490, 65498
Answer: Option C
Page 90
Explanation:
Step 1: int arr[] = {12, 14, 15, 23, 45}; The variable arr is declared as an integer array and
initialized.
Step 2: printf("%u, %u\n", arr+1, &arr+1);
Here, the base address(also the address of first element) of the array is 65486.
=> Here, arr is reference to arr has type "pointer to int". Therefore, arr+1 is pointing to second
element of the array arr memory location. Hence 65486 + 2 bytes = 65488
=> Then, &arr is "pointer to array of 5 ints". Therefore, &arr+1 denotes "5 ints * 2 bytes * 1 = 10
bytes".
Hence, begining address 65486 + 10 = 65496. So, &arr+1 = 65496
Hence the output of the program is 65486, 65496
void main()
{
int a[2][2][2] = { {10,2,3,4}, {5,6,7,8} };
int *p,*q;
p=&a[2][2][2];
*q=***a;
printf("%d..%d",*p,*q);
}
Answer:
garbagevalue..1
Explanation:
p=&a[2][2][2] you declare only two 2D arrays. but you are trying to access the third 2D(which
you are not declared) it will print garbage values. *q=***a starting address of a is assigned
integer pointer. now q is pointing to starting address of a.if you print *q meAnswer:it will print
first element of 3D array.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
static int a[2][2] = {1, 2, 3, 4};
int i, j;
static int *p[] = {(int*)a, (int*)a+1, (int*)a+2};
for(i=0; i<2; i++)
{
for(j=0; j<2; j++)
{
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d\n", *(*(p+i)+j), *(*(j+p)+i),
*(*(i+p)+j), *(*(p+j)+i));
}
}
return 0;
Page 91
}
1, 1, 1, 1 1, 2, 1, 2
2, 3, 2, 3 2, 3, 2, 3
A. B.
3, 2, 3, 2 3, 4, 3, 4
4, 4, 4, 4 4, 2, 4, 2
1, 1, 1, 1 1, 2, 3, 4
2, 2, 2, 2 2, 3, 4, 1
C. D.
2, 2, 2, 2 3, 4, 1, 2
3, 3, 3, 3 4, 1, 2, 3
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
step1: p[3]={a,a+1,a+2}
step2:i=0,j=0
*(*(p+i)+j)=a[0]=1
*(*(j+p)+i)=a[0]=1
*(*(i+p)+j)=a[0]=1
*(*(p+j)+i)=a[0]=1
step2:i=0,j=1
*(*(p+i)+j)=a[1]=2
*(*(j+p)+i)=a[1]=2
*(*(i+p)+j)=a[1]=2
*(*(p+j)+i)=a[1]=2
step3:i=1,j=0
*(*(p+i)+j)=a[1]=2
*(*(j+p)+i)=a[1]=2
*(*(i+p)+j)=a[1]=2
*(*(p+j)+i)=a[1]=2
step4:i=1,j=1
*(*(p+i)+j)=a[2]=3
*(*(j+p)+i)=a[2]=3
*(*(i+p)+j)=a[2]=3
*(*(p+j)+i)=a[2]=3

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
static int arr[] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4};
int *p[] = {arr, arr+1, arr+2, arr+3, arr+4};
int **ptr=p;
ptr++;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", ptr-p, *ptr-arr, **ptr);
Page 92
*ptr++;
*++ptr;
++*ptr;
return 0;
}
0, 0, 0 1, 1, 2
1, 1, 1 2, 2, 3
A. B.
2, 2, 2 3, 3, 4
3, 3, 3 4, 4, 1
1, 1, 1 0, 1, 2
2, 2, 2 1, 2, 3
C. D.
3, 3, 3 2, 3, 4
3, 4, 4 3, 4, 5
Answer: Option C
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int arr[1]={100};
printf("%d\n", 0[arr]);
return 0;
}
A.1 B. 100
C. 0 D.6
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1: int arr[1]={100}; The variable arr[1] is declared as an integer array with size '2' and it's
first element is initialized to value '10'(means arr[0]=100)
Step 2: printf("%d\n", 0[arr]); It prints the first element value of the variable arr.
Hence the output of the program is 100.
Page 93
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
float arr[] = {1.4, 0.3, 4.50, 6.70};
printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]));
return 0;
}
A.5 B. 4
C. 6 D.7
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The sizeof function return the given variable. Example: float a=10; sizeof(a) is 4 bytes
Step 1: float arr[] = {2.4, 0.3, 4.50, 6.70}; The variable arr is declared as an floating point array
and it is initialized with the values.
Step 2: printf("%d\n", sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]));
The variable arr has 4 elements. The size of the float variable is 4 bytes.
Hence 4 elements x 4 bytes = 16 bytes
sizeof(arr[0]) is 4 bytes
Hence 16/4 is 4 bytes
Hence the output of the program is '4'.
18. What will be the output of the program if the array begins 1200 in memory?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[]={2, 3, 4, 1, 6};
printf("%u, %u, %u\n", a, &a[0], &a);
return 0;
}
A.1200, 1202, 1204 B. 1200, 1200, 1200
C. 1200, 1204, 1208 D.1200, 1202, 1200
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1: int a[]={2, 3, 4, 1, 6}; The variable a is declared as an integer array and initialized.
Step 2: printf("%u, %u, %u\n", a, &a[0], &a); Here,
The base address of the array is 1200.
Page 94
=> a, &a is pointing to the base address of the array a.
=> &a[0] is pointing to the address of the first element array a. (ie. base address)
19. What will be the output of the program if the array begins at address 65486?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
printf("%u, %u\n", a, &a);
return 0;
}
A.65486, 65488 B. 65486, 65486
C. 65486, 65490 D.65486, 65487
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1: int a[] = {12, 14, 15, 23, 45}; The variable a is declared as an integer array and
initialized.
Step 2: printf("%u, %u\n", a, a); Here,
The base address of the array is 65486.
=> a, &a is pointing to the base address of the array a.
20. Which of the following is correct way to define the function fun() in the below program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int a[3][4];
fun(a);
return 0;
}
void fun(int p[][4]) void fun(int *p[4])
[A].{ [B]. {
} }
void fun(int *p[][4]) void fun(int *p[3][4])
[C].{ [D].{
} }
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Page 95
void fun(int p[][4]){ } is the correct way to write the function fun(). while the others are
considered only the function fun() is called by using call by reference.
21. Which of the following statements are correct about the program below?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int size, i;
scanf("%d", &size);
int arr[size];
for(i=1; i<=size; i++)
{
scanf("%d", arr[i]);
printf("%d", arr[i]);
}
return 0;
}
A.The code is erroneous since the subscript for array used in for loop is in the range 1 to size.
B. The code is erroneous since the values of array are getting scanned through the loop.
C. The code is erroneous since the statement declaring array is invalid.
D.The code is correct and runs successfully.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The statement int arr[size]; produces an error, because we cannot initialize the size of array
dynamically. Constant expression is required here.
Example: int arr[10];
One more point is there, that is, usually declaration is not allowed after calling any function in a
current block of code. In the given program the declaration int arr[10]; is placed after a function
call scanf().
22. Which of the following statements are correct about 6 used in the program?
int num[6];
num[6]=21;
In the first statement 6 specifies a particular element, whereas in the second statement it
A.
specifies a type.
Page 96
In the first statement 6 specifies a array size, whereas in the second statement it specifies a
B.
particular element of array.
In the first statement 6 specifies a particular element, whereas in the second statement it
C.
specifies a array size.
D.In both the statement 6 specifies array size.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The statement 'B' is correct, because int num[6]; specifies the size of array and num[6]=21;
designates the particular element(7th element) of the array.
23. Which of the following statements are correct about an array?
1: The array int num[26]; can store 26 elements.

2: The expression num[1] designates the very first element in the array.
3: It is necessary to initialize the array at the time of declaration.
4: The declaration num[SIZE] is allowed if SIZE is a macro.
A.1 B. 1,4
C. 2,3 D.2,4
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
1. The array int num[26]; can store 26 elements. This statement is true.
2. The expression num[1] designates the very first element in the array. This statement is false,
because it designates the second element of the array.
3. It is necessary to initialize the array at the time of declaration. This statement is false.
4. The declaration num[SIZE] is allowed if SIZE is a macro. This statement is true, because the
MACRO just replaces the symbol SIZE with given value.
Hence the statements '1' and '4' are correct statements.
24. A pointer to a block of memory is effectively same as an array

A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Page 97
Explanation:
Yes, It is possible to allocate a block of memory (of arbitrary size) at run-time, using the
standard library's malloc or calloc or reaclloc function, and treat it as an array.
25. Does this mentioning array name gives the base address in all the contexts?
A.Yes B.No
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
No, Mentioning the array name in C or C++ gives the base address in all contexts except one.
Syntactically, the compiler treats the array name as a pointer to the first element. You can
reference elements using array syntax, a[n], or using pointer syntax, *(a+n), and you can even
mix the usages within an expression.
When you pass an array name as a function argument, you are passing the "value of the pointer",
which means that you are implicitly passing the array by reference, even though all parameters in
functions are "call by value".
26. Is there any difference int the following declarations?

int f1(int arr[]);
int f1(int arr[100]);
A.Yes B.No
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
No, both the statements are same. It is the prototype for the function f1() that accepts one integer
array as an parameter and returns an integer value.
27. Are the expressions arr and &arr same for an array of 10 integers?
A.Yes B.No
Answer: Option B
Page 98
Explanation:
Both mean two different things. arr gives the address of the first int, whereas the &arr gives the
address of array of ints.
Strings
Page 99
1. How will you print \n on the screen?
A.printf("\n"); B. echo "\\n";

C. printf('\n'); D.printf("\\n");
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The statement printf("\\n"); prints '\n' on the screen.
2. The library function used to reverse a string is
A.strstr() B. strrev()
C. revstr() D.strreverse()
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
strrev(s) Reverses all characters in s
3. Which of the following function sets first n characters of a string to a given character?
A.strinit() B. strnset()
C. strset() D.strcset()
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Declaration:
char *strnset(char *s, int ch, size_t n); Sets the first n characters of s to ch
4. #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
Page 100
{
char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
char letter = 'x';
printf("string before strnset: %s\n", string);

strnset(string, letter, 13);
printf("string after strnset: %s\n", string);
return 0;
}
Output:
string before strnset: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
string after strnset: xxxxxxxxxxxxxnopqrstuvwxyz
5.void main()
{
char s[ ]="man";
int i;
for(i=0;s[ i ];i++)
printf("\n%c%c%c%c",s[ i ],*(s+i),*(i+s),i[s]);
}
A.man
man
man
man
B. mmmm
aaaa
nnnn
C. Error
D. None of the above

Answer:
mmmm
aaaa
nnnn
Explanation:
s[i], *(i+s), *(s+i), i[s] are all different ways of expressing the same idea.
Generally array name is the base address for that array. Here s is the base address. i is the
index number/displacement from the base address. So, indirecting it with * is same as s[i].
i[s] may be surprising. But in the case of C it is same as s[i].
6.void main()
{
char string[]="Hello World";
display(string);
Page 101
}
void display(char *string)
{
printf("%s",string);
}
Answer:
Compiler Error : Type mismatch in redeclaration of function display
A. Hello World B. Compiler Error C. H D. None of the above
Explanation :
In third line, when the function display is encountered, the compiler doesn't
know anything about the function display. It assumes the arguments and return types to be
integers, (which is the default type). When it sees the actual function display, the arguments
and type contradicts with what it has assumed previously. Hence a compile time error
occurs.
void main()
{
char s[]={'a','b','c','\n','c','\0'};
char *p,*str,*str1;
p=&s[3];
str=p;
str1=s;
printf("%d",++*p + ++*str1-32);
}
Answer:
77
A.
Explanation:
p is pointing to character '\n'. str1 is pointing to character 'a' ++*p. "p is pointing to '\n'
and that is incremented by one." the ASCII value of '\n' is 10, which is then incremented to
11. The value of ++*p is 11. ++*str1, str1 is pointing to 'a' that is incremented by 1 and it
becomes 'b'. ASCII value of 'b' is 98.
Now performing (11 + 98 32), we get 77("M");
So we get the output 77 :: "M" (Ascii is 77).
8. If the two strings are identical, then strcmp() function returns
A.-1 B. 1
C. 0 D.Yes
Page 102
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Declaration: strcmp(const char *s1, const char*s2);
The strcmp return an int value that is

if s1 < s2 returns a value < 0
if s1 == s2 returns 0
if s1 > s2 returns a value > 0
9.void main()
{
char *p="hai friends",*p1;
p1=p;
while(*p!='\0') ++*p++;
printf("%s %s",p,p1);
}
A. haifriends B. ibj!gsjfoet C. friendshai D.error

Answer:
ibj!gsjfoet
Explanation:
++*p++ will be parse in the given order
*p that is value at the location currently pointed by p will be taken
++*p the retrieved value will be incremented
when ; is encountered the location will be incremented that is p++ will be executed
Hence, in the while loop initial value pointed by p is h, which is changed to i by executing
++*p and pointer moves to point, a which is similarly changed to b and so on. Similarly
blank space is converted to !. Thus, we obtain value in p becomes ibj!gsjfoet and since p
reaches \0 and p1 points to p thus p1doesnot print anything.
10. Which of the following function is used to find the first occurrence of a given string in
another string?
A.strchr() B. strrchr()
C. strstr() D.strnset()
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Page 103
The function strstr() Finds the first occurrence of a substring in another string
Declaration: char *strstr(const char *s1, const char *s2);
Return Value:
On success, strstr returns a pointer to the element in s1 where s2 begins (points to s2 in s1).
On error (if s2 does not occur in s1), strstr returns null.
Example:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main(void)
{
char *str1 = "Ind Test", *str2 = "Ex", *ptr;
ptr = strstr(str1, str2);

printf("The substring is: %s\n", ptr);
return 0;
}
Output: The substring is: Test

void main()
{
static char names[5][20]={"pascal","ada","cobol","fortran","perl"};
int i;
char *t;
t=names[3];
names[3]=names[4];
names[4]=t;
for (i=0;i<=4;i++)
printf("%s",names[i]);
}
A. Yes B. No
Answer:
Compiler error: Lvalue required in function main
Explanation:
Array names are pointer constants. So it cannot be modified.
void main()
{
Page 104
char s[]={'a','b','c','\n','c','\0'};
char *p,*str,*str1;
p=&s[3];
str=p;
str1=s;
printf("%c",++*p + ++*str1-32);
}
A. a B. M C.X D.Error
Answer:
M
Explanation:
p is pointing to character '\n'.str1 is pointing to character 'a' ++*p meAnswer:"p
is pointing to '\n' and that is incremented by one." the ASCII value of '\n' is 10.
then it is incremented to 11. the value of ++*p is 11. ++*str1 meAnswer:"str1
is pointing to 'a' that is incremented by 1 and it becomes 'b'. ASCII value of 'b'
is 98. both 11 and 98 is added and result is subtracted from 32.
i.e. (11+98-32)=77("M");
13. Which of the following function is more appropriate for reading in a multi-word string?
A.printf(); B. scanf();
C. gets(); D.puts();
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
gets(); collects a string of characters terminated by a new line from the standard input stream
stdin
#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{
char string[60];
printf("Enter a string:");
gets(string);
printf("The string input was: %s\n", string);
return 0;
}
Output:
Enter a string: Ind Test
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The string input was: Ind Test
51) main( )
{
void *vp;
char ch = g, *cp = goofy;
int j = 20;
vp = &ch;
printf(%c, *(char *)vp);
vp = &j;
printf(%d,*(int *)vp);
vp = cp;
printf(%s,(char *)vp + 3);
}
A. g20fy B. goofy 20fy C. g2fy D.error

Answer:
g20fy
Explanation:
Since a void pointer is used it can be type casted to any other type pointer.
vp = &ch stores address of char ch and the next statement prints the value
stored in vp after type casting it to the proper data type pointer. the output is g. Similarly the
output from second printf is 20. The third printf statement type casts it to print the string from
the 4th value hence the output is fy.
14 void main ( )
{
static char *s[ ] = {black, white, yellow, violet};
char **ptr[ ] = {s+3, s+2, s+1, s}, ***p;
p = ptr;
**++p;
printf(%s,*--*++p + 3);
}
A. ck B .te C.ow D.et
Answer:
ck
Explanation:
In this problem we have an array of char pointers pointing to start of 4 strings. Then we have ptr
which is a pointer to a pointer of type char and a variable p which is a pointer to a pointer to a
pointer of type char. p hold the initial value of ptr, i.e. p = s+3. The next statement increment
value in p by 1 , thus now value of p = s+2. In the printf statement the expression is evaluated
*++p causes gets value s+1 then the pre decrement is executed and we get s+1 1 = s . the
indirection operator now gets the value from the array of s and adds 3 to the starting address. The
string is printed starting from this position. Thus, the output is ck.
15 void main()
{
int i, n;
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char *x = girl;
n = strlen(x);
*x = x[n];
for(i=0; i<n; ++i)
{
printf(%s\n,x);
x++;
}
}
A.girl
irl
rl
l
(blank space)
B.
(blank space)
irl
rl
l
C. error
D. none of the above
Answer:
B.
(blank space)
irl
rl
l
Explanation:
Here a string (a pointer to char) is initialized with a value girl. The strlen
function returns the length of the string, thus n has a value 4. The next
statement assigns value at the nth location (\0) to the first location. Now the string becomes
\0irl . Now the printf statement prints the string after each iteration it increments it starting
position. Loop starts from 0 to 4. The first time x[0] = \0 hence it prints nothing and pointer
value is incremented. The second time it prints from x[1] i.e irl and the third time it prints rl
and the last time it prints l and the loop terminates.
16. What are the files which are automatically opened when a C file is executed?
Answer:
stdin, stdout, stderr (standard input,standard output,standard error).
17. what will be the position of the file marker?

a: fseek(ptr,0,SEEK_SET);
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b: fseek(ptr,0,SEEK_CUR);
Answer :
a: The SEEK_SET sets the file position marker to the starting of the file.
b: The SEEK_CUR sets the file position marker to the current position
of the file.
18. Which of the following function is correct that finds the length of a string?
int xstrlen(char *s) int xstrlen(char s)

{ {
int length=0; int length=0;
A. while(*s!='\0') B. while(*s!='\0')
{ length++; s++; } length++; s++;
return (length); return (length);
} }
int xstrlen(char *s) int xstrlen(char *s)
{ {
int length=0; int length=0;
C. while(*s!='\0') D. while(*s!='\0')
length++; s++;
return (length); return (length);
} }
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Option A is the correct function to find the length of given string.
Example:
#include<stdio.h>
int xstrlen(char *s)

{
int length=0;
while(*s!='\0')
{ length++; s++; }
return (length);
}
int main()
{
char d[] = "Ind Test";
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printf("Length = %d\n", xstrlen(d));
return 0;
}
Output: Length = 11
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char str1[20] = "Hello", str2[20] = " World";
printf("%s\n", strcpy(str2, strcat(str1, str2)));
return 0;
}
A.Hello B. World
C. Hello World D.WorldHello
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Step 1: char str1[20] = "Hello", str2[20] = " World"; The variable str1 and str2 is declared as an
array of characters and initialized with value "Hello" and " World" respectively.
Step 2: printf("%s\n", strcpy(str2, strcat(str1, str2)));
=> strcat(str1, str2)) it append the string str2 to str1. The result will be stored in str1. Therefore
str1 contains "Hello World".
=> strcpy(str2, "Hello World") it copies the "Hello World" to the variable str2.
Hence it prints "Hello World".
25. void main()
{
char *str1="abcd";
char str2[]="abcd";
printf("%d %d %d",sizeof(str1),sizeof(str2),sizeof("abcd"));
}
A. 4 4 4 B. 2 5 5 C. 2 2 2 d.error
Page 109
Answer:
B.2 5 5
Explanation:
In first sizeof, str1 is a character pointer so it gives you the size of the pointer
variable. In second sizeof the name str2 indicates the name of the array
whose size is 5 (including the '\0' termination character). The third sizeof is
similar to the second one.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char p[] = "%d\n";
p[1] = 'c';
printf(p, 65);
return 0;
}
A.A B. a
C. c D.65
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Step 1: char p[] = "%d\n"; The variable p is declared as an array of characters and initialized
with string "%d".
Step 2: p[1] = 'c'; Here, we overwrite the second element of array p by 'c'. So array p becomes
"%c".
Step 3: printf(p, 65); becomes printf("%c", 65);
Therefore it prints the ASCII value of 65. The output is 'A'.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
printf("%d\n", strlen("12345"));
return 0;
}
A.5 B. 12
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C. 6 D.2
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The function strlen returns the number of characters in the given string.
Therefore, strlen("12345") returns 5.
Hence the output of the program is "5".
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf(5+"Good Morning\n");
return 0;
}
A.Good Morning B. Good
C. M D.Morning
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
printf(5+"Good Morning\n"); It skips the 5 characters and prints the given string.
Hence the output is "Morning"
This can also be written as printf("Good Morning\n"+5); or
printf(%s,5+"Good Morning\n");
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char str[] = "Ind\0\ROCKS\0";
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return 0;
}
A.ROCKS B. Ind
C. Ind ROCKS D.Ind\0ROCKS
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A string is a collection of characters terminated by '\0'.
Step 1: char str[] = "Ind\0\ROCKS\0"; The variable str is declared as an array of characters and
initialized with value "Ind"
Step 2: printf("%s\n", str); It prints the value of the str.
The output of the program is "Ind".
30. What will be the output of the program If characters 'a', 'b' ,'c',d ans enter are supplied as
input?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
void fun();
fun();
printf("\n");
return 0;
}
void fun()
{
char c;
if((c = getchar())!= '\n')
fun();
printf("%c", c);
}
A.abcd abcd B. dbca
C. Infinite loop D.dcba
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
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Step 1: void fun(); This is the prototype for the function fun().
Step 2: fun(); The function fun() is called here.
The function fun() gets a character input and the input is terminated by an enter key(New line
character). Due to recursion ,it prints the given character in the reverse order.
The given input characters are "abcd"and \n
Output: dcba
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Ind", "ROCKS\n");
return 0;
}
A.Error B. Ind ROCKS
C. Ind D.ROCKS
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
printf("Ind", "ROCKS\n"); It prints "Ind". Because ,(comma) operator has Left to Right
associativity. After printing "Ind", the statement got terminated.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *names[] = { "Suresh", "Siva", "Sona", "Baiju", "Ritu"};
int i;
char *t;
t = names[3];
names[3] = names[4];
names[4] = t;
for(i=0; i<=4; i++)
printf("%s,", names[i]);
return 0;
}
Page 113
A.Suresh, Siva, Sona, Baiju, Ritu
B. Suresh, Siva, Sona, Ritu, Baiju
C. Suresh, Siva, Baiju, Sona, Ritu
D.Suresh, Siva, Ritu, Sona, Baiju
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1: char *names[] = { "Suresh", "Siva", "Sona", "Baiju", "Ritu"}; The variable names is
declared as an pointer to a array of strings.
Step 2: int i; The variable i is declared as an integer type.
Step 3: char *t; The variable t is declared as pointer to a string.
Step 4: t = names[3]; names[3] = names[4]; names[4] = t; These statements the swaps the 4 and
5 element of the array names.
Step 5: for(i=0; i<=4; i++) printf("%s,", names[i]); These statement prints the all the value of the
array names.
Hence the output of the program is "Suresh, Siva, Sona, Ritu, Baiju".

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
static char str1[] = "dills";
static char str2[20];
static char str3[] = "Daffo";
int i;
i = strcmp(strcat(str3, strcpy(str2, str1)), "Daffodills");
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
[A].0 [B]. 1
[C].2 [D].4
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
step 1: strcpy(str2,str1) cpoy the str1="dills" into str2.
step 2: strcat(str3,str2) append the dills at the end of Daffo.
step 3: strcmp(str3,"Daffodils") returns the no. of charecters of str3 which are not find in
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Daffodills.
step 4: since both strings are same so results will be 0(zero)
34.. What will be the output of the program ?

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
static char s[] = "Hello!";
printf("%d\n", *(s+strlen(s)));
return 0;
}
A.8 B. 0
C. 16 D.Error
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Length of the string will be 6. 's' is a pointer which is pointing to the first character of the string.
After getting incremented its value by 6 it will point to null character, having ASCII value 0. So
0 will be printed.

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
static char s[25] = "The cocaine man";
int i=0;
char ch;
ch = s[++i];
printf("%c", ch);
ch = s[i++];
printf("%c", ch);
ch = i++[s];
printf("%c", ch);
ch = ++i[s];
printf("%c", ch);
return 0;
}
Page 115
A.hhe! B. he c
C. The c D.Hhec
Answer: Option A
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
char a[] = "\0";
if(printf("%s", a))
printf("The string is empty\n");
else
printf("The string is not empty\n");
return 0;
}
A.The string is empty B. The string is not empty
C. No output D.0
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The function printf() returns the number of charecters printed on the console.
Step 1: char a[] = "\0"; The variable a is declared as an array of characters and it initialized with
"\0". It denotes that the string is empty.
Step 2: if(printf("%s", a)) The printf() statement does not print anything, so it returns '0'(zero).
Hence the if condition is failed.
In the else part it prints "The string is not empty".
37.If char=1, int=4, and float=4 bytes size, What will be the output of the program ?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch = 'A';
printf("%d, %d, %d", sizeof(ch), sizeof('A'), sizeof(3.14f));
return 0;
Page 116
}
A.1, 2, 4 B. 1, 4, 4
C. 2, 2, 4 D.2, 4, 8
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1: char ch = 'A'; The variable ch is declared as an character type and initialized with value
'A'.
Step 2: printf("%d, %d, %d", sizeof(ch), sizeof('A'), sizeof(3.14));
The sizeof function returns the size of the given expression.
sizeof(ch) becomes sizeof(char). The size of char is 1 byte.
sizeof('A') becomes sizeof(65). The size of int is 4 bytes (as mentioned in the question).
sizeof(3.14f). The size of float is 4 bytes.
38. If the size of pointer is 32 bits What will be the output of the program ?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char a[] = "Visual C++";
char *b = "Visual C++";
printf("%d, %d\n", sizeof(a), sizeof(b));
printf("%d, %d", sizeof(*a), sizeof(*b));
return 0;
}
10, 2 10, 4
A. B.
2, 2 1, 2
11, 4 12, 2
C. D.
1, 1 2, 2
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Char a[] has 10 letters and 1 escape character \0(null) so size of will give 11, size of pointer is 32
bit = 4 byte (1 byte = 8 bits), *a points to char V so sizeof(V) = 1 similarly *b also points to V.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
Page 117
char str1[] = "Hello";
char str2[10];
char *t, *s;
s = str1;
t = str2;
while(*t=*s)
*t++ = *s++;
printf("%s\n", str2);
return 0;
}
[A].Hello [B]. HelloHello
[C].No output [D].ello
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Here s will points to the beginig of string str1.

And t will points to the begining address of string str2.
In while loop we are copying the elements from str1 to str2 using pointers s and t untill end of
string is reached. At last when s[n] == '\0' then ( *t=*s ) == zero, so it is false, so the loop will
exit.The above can be written in one step while(*t++=*s); most of the time asked in interviews
.this is copying of string in single line.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[50] = "Ind Test";
printf("%s\n", &str+2);
return 0;
}
A.Garbage value B. Error
C. No output D.rga Test
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Step 1: char str[50] = "Ind Test"; The variable str is declared as an array of characteres and
initialized with a string "Ind Test".
Page 118
Step 2: printf("%s\n", &str+2);
=> In the printf statement %s is string format specifier tells the compiler to print the string in the
memory of &str+2
=> &str is a location of string "Ind Test". Therefore &str+2 is another memory location.
Hence it prints the Garbage value.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str = "Ind Test";
return 0;
}
A.Error B. Ind Test
C. Base address of str D.No output
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The line char str = "Ind Test"; generates "Non portable pointer conversion" error.
To eliminate the error, we have to change the above line to
char *str = "Ind Test"; (or) char str[] = "Ind Test";
Then it prints "Ind Test".
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[] = "Nagpur";
str[0]='K';
printf("%s, ", str);
str = "Kanpur";
printf("%s", str+1);
return 0;
}
Page 119
A.Kagpur, Kanpur B. Nagpur, Kanpur
C. Kagpur, anpur D.Error
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The statement str = "Kanpur"; generates the LVALUE required error. We have to use strcpy
function to copy a string.To remove error we have to change this statement str = "Kanpur"; to
strcpy(str, "Kanpur");The program prints the string "anpur"
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char sentence[80];
int i;
printf("Enter a line of text\n");
gets(sentence);
for(i=strlen(sentence)-1; i >=0; i--)
putchar(sentence[i]);
return 0;
}
[A].The sentence will get printed in same order as it entered
[B]. The sentence will get printed in reverse order
[C].Half of the sentence will get printed
[D].None of above
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In for loop we initializing i with 1 less the length of the string, so i points to the last element of
the string(before null character), and we printing each character and decrementing i by 1 which
willl print the characters in reverse order.
#include<stdio.h>
void swap(char *, char *);
int main()
{
Page 120
char *pstr[2] = {"Hello", "Ind Test"};
swap(pstr[0], pstr[1]);
printf("%s\n%s", pstr[0], pstr[1]);
return 0;
}
void swap(char *t1, char *t2)
{
char *t;
t=t1;
t1=t2;
t2=t;
}
Ind Test
A. B. Address of "Hello" and "Ind Test"
Hello
Hello Dello
C. D.
Ind Test Hurga Test
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Step 1: void swap(char *, char *); This prototype tells the compiler that the function swap accept
two strings as arguments and it does not return anything.
Step 2: char *pstr[2] = {"Hello", "Ind Test"}; The variable pstr is declared as an pointer to the
array of strings. It is initialized to
pstr[0] = "Hello", pstr[1] = "Ind Test"
Step 3: swap(pstr[0], pstr[1]); The swap function is called by "call by value". Hence it does not
affect the output of the program.
If the swap function is "called by reference" it will affect the variable pstr.
Step 4: printf("%s\n%s", pstr[0], pstr[1]); It prints the value of pstr[0] and pstr[1].
Hence the output of the program is
Hello
Ind Test
45. If the size of pointer is 4 bytes then What will be the output of the program ?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *str[] = {"Frogs", "Do", "Not", "Die", "They", "Croak!"};
printf("%d, %d", sizeof(str), strlen(str[0]));
return 0;
}
A.22, 4 B. 25, 5
C. 24, 5 D.20, 2
Page 121
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Step 1: char *str[] = {"Frogs", "Do", "Not", "Die", "They", "Croak!"}; The variable str is
declared as an pointer to the array of 6 strings.
Step 2: printf("%d, %d", sizeof(str), strlen(str[0]));
sizeof(str) denotes 6 * 4 bytes = 24 bytes. Hence it prints '24'
strlen(str[0])); becomes strlen(Frogs)). Hence it prints '5';

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
char str1[5], str2[5];
int i;
gets(str1);
gets(str2);
i = strcmp(str1, str2);
printf("%d\n", i);
return 0;
}
A.Unpredictable integer value B. 0
C. -1 D.Error
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
gets() gets collects a string of characters terminated by a new line from the standard input stream
stdin.
The gets(str1) read the input string from user and store in variable str1.
The gets(str2) read the input string from user and store in variable str2.
The code i = strcmp(str1, str2); The strcmp not only returns -1, 0 and +1, but also other negative
or positive values. So the value of i is "unpredictable integer value".
printf("%d\n", i); It prints the value of variable i.
#include<stdio.h>
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int main()
{
if(str1 == str2)
printf("Equal\n");
else
printf("Unequal\n");
return 0;
}
A.Equal B. Unequal
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Step 1: char str1[] = "Hello"; The variable str1 is declared as an array of characters and
initialized with a string "Hello".
Step 2: char str2[] = "Hello"; The variable str2 is declared as an array of characters and
We have to use strcmp(s1,s2) function to compare strings.
Step 3: if(str1 == str2) here the address of str1 and str2 are compared. The address of both
variable is not same. Hence the if condition is failed.
Step 4: At the else part it prints "Unequal"

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char *p1 = "Ind", *p2;

p2=p1;
p1 = "TEST";
printf("%s %s\n", p1, p2);
return 0;
}
A.Ind TEST B. TEST Ind
C. Ind Ind D.TEST TEST
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Page 123
Step 1: char *p1 = "Ind", *p2; The variable p1 and p2 is declared as an pointer to a character
value and p1 is assigned with a value "Ind".
Step 2: p2=p1; The value of p1 is assigned to variable p2. So p2 contains "Ind".
Step 3: p1 = "TEST"; The p1 is assigned with a string "TEST"
Step 4: printf("%s %s\n", p1, p2); It prints the value of p1 and p2.
Hence the output of the program is "TEST Ind".
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
int main()
{
printf("%c\n", "abcdefgh"[4]);
return 0;
}
A.Error B. d
C. e D.abcdefgh
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
printf("%c\n", "abcdefgh"[4]); It prints the 5 character of the string "abcdefgh".
Hence the output is 'e'.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%u %s\n", &"Hello", &"Hello");
return 0;
}
A.65530 Hello B. Hello 65530
C. Hello Hello D.Error
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In printf("%u %s\n", &"Hello", &"Hello");.
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The %u format specifier tells the compiler to print the memory address of the "Hello".
The %s format specifier tells the compiler to print the string "Hello".
Hence the output of the program is "65530 Hello". (Note: 65530 is memory address it may
change.)
51. Which of the following statements are correct about the program below?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char str[20], *s;
printf("Enter a string\n");
scanf("%s", str);
s=str;
while(*s != '\0')
{
if(*s >= 97 && *s <= 122)
*s = *s-32;
s++;
}
printf("%s",str);
return 0;
}
A.The code converts a string in to an integer
B. The code converts lower case character to upper case
C. The code converts upper case character to lower case
D.Error in code
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
This program converts the given string to upper case string.

Output:
Enter a string: Ind Test
IND TEST
52. Which of the following statements are correct about the below declarations?
char *p = "Ind";
char a[] = "Ind";
1: There is no difference in the declarations and both serve the same purpose.
p is a non-const pointer pointing to a non-const string, whereas a is a const pointer pointing to
2:
a non-const pointer.
Page 125
The pointer p can be modified to point to another string, whereas the individual characters
3:
within array a can be changed.
4: In both cases the '\0' will be added at the end of the string "Ind".
A.1, 2 B. 2, 3, 4
C. 3, 4 D.2, 3
Answer: Option B
53. Which of the following statements are correct ?

1: A string is a collection of characters terminated by '\0'.
2: The format specifier %s is used to print a string.
3: The length of the string can be obtained by strlen().
4: The pointer CAN work on string.
A.A, B B. A, B, C,D
C. B, D D.C, D
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Clearly, four statements is correct.
54. Which of the following statement is correct?
A.strcmp(s1, s2) returns a number less than 0 if s1>s2

B. strcmp(s1, s2) returns a number greater than 0 if s1<s2
C. strcmp(s1, s2) returns 0 if s1==s2
D.strcmp(s1, s2) returns 1 if s1==s2
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The strcmp return an int value that is
if s1 < s2 returns a value < 0
if s1 == s2 returns 0
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if s1 > s2 returns a value > 0
From the above statements, that the third statement is only correct.
55.will the program compile successfully?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
char a[] = "Ind";
char *p = "TEST";
a = "TEST";
p = "Ind";
printf("%s %s\n", a, p);
return 0;
}
A.Yes B.No
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Because we can assign a new string to a pointer but not to an array a.
56. For the following statements will arr[3] and ptr[3] fetch the same character?
char arr[] = "Ind Test";
char *ptr = "Ind Test";
A.Yes B.No
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Yes, both the statements print the same character 'g'.
Page 127
Structures ,Unions ,Enums
1.What is the similarity between a structure, union and enumeration?
A.All of them let you define new values

B. All of them let you define new data types
C. All of them let you define new pointers
D.All of them let you define new structures
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
structures unions and enumeration is used to create a new datatype .
void main()
{
struct xx
{
int x=3;
char name[]="hello";
};
struct xx *s;
printf("%d",s->x);
printf("%s",s->name);
}
Page 128
A. 3 hello B.Compiler Error C. hello 3 D. none of the above
Answer:
Compiler Error
Explanation:
You should not initialize variables in declaration
3. The following code will compile
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
struct xx
{
int x;
struct yy
{
char s;
struct xx *p;
};
struct yy *q;
};
}
A. Ture B.False
Answer:
B.False
Compiler Error
Explanation:
The structure yy is nested within structure xx. Hence, the elements are of yy
are to be accessed through the instance of structure xx, which needs an instance of yy to be
known. If the instance is created after defining the structure the compiler will not know about
the instance relative to xx. Hence for nested structure yy you have to declare member.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
union a
{
int i;
char ch[2];
};
union a u;
u.ch[0]=3;
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u.ch[1]=2;
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", u.ch[0], u.ch[1], u.i);
return 0;
}
A.3, 2, 515 B. 515, 2, 3
C. 3, 2, 5 D.515, 515, 4
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The system will allocate 2 bytes for the union.
The statements u.ch[0]=3; u.ch[1]=2; store data in memory as given below
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
union var
{
int a, b;
};
union var v;
v.a=10;
v.b=20;
printf("%d\n", v.a);
return 0;
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}
A.10 B. 20
C. 30 D.0
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In union the memory will be allocated for the highest data type.
Here the size of union is two bytes not four bytes. Hence 10 will be overwritten by 20. So the
output is 20
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct value
{
int bit1:1;
int bit3:4;
int bit4:4;
}bit={1, 2, 13};
printf("%d, %d, %d\n", bit.bit1, bit.bit3, bit.bit4);

return 0;
}
A.1, 2, 13 B. 1, 4, 4
C. -1, 2, -3 D.-1, -2, -13
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Note the below statement inside the struct:

int bit1:1; --> 'int' indicates that it is a SIGNED integer.
For signed integers the leftmost bit will be taken for +/- sign.
If you store 1 in 1-bit field:
The left most bit is 1, so the system will treat the value as negative number.
The 2's complement method is used by the system to handle the negative values.
Therefore, the data stored is 1. The 2's complement of 1 is also 1 (negative).
Therefore -1 is printed.
If you store 2 in 4-bits field:
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Binary 2: 0010 (left most bit is 0, so system will treat it as positive value)
0010 is 2
Therefore 2 is printed.
If you store 13 in 4-bits field:
Binary 13: 1101 (left most bit is 1, so system will treat it as negative value)
Find 2's complement of 1101:
1's complement of 1101 : 0010
2's complement of 1101 : 0011 (Add 1 to the result of 1's complement)
0011 is 3 (but negative value)
7. void main()
{
char far *farther,*farthest;
printf("%d..%d",sizeof(farther),sizeof(farthest));
}
A. 4..2 B. 2..2 C.8.. 8 D.2..4

Answer:
4..2
Explanation:
the second pointer is of char type and not a far pointer
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct value
{
int bit1:2;
int bit3:5;
int bit4:4;
}bit;
printf("%d\n", sizeof(bit));
return 0;
}
A.1 B. 2
C. 4 D.11
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
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Since C is a compiler dependent language, in Turbo C (Windows) the output will be 2, but in
GCC (Linux) the output will be 4.

#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
struct xx
{
int x=3;
char name[]="hello";
};
struct xx *s=malloc(sizeof(struct xx));
printf("%d",s->x);
printf("%s",s->name);
}
A. Yes B. No
Answer:
Compiler Error
Explanation:
Initialization should not be done for structure members inside the structure
Declaration
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
enum days {MON=-1, TUE, WED=6, THU, FRI, SAT};
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d, %d, %d\n", MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT);
return 0;
}
A.-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 B. -1, 2, 6, 3, 4, 5
C. -1, 0, 6, 2, 3, 4 D.-1, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
In Enum by default cur=prev+1, here mon=-1 so tue will be assigned to 0(tue=mon+1) even
you can overwrite with your own value for eg wed=6 so thu will become 7.
11.The following code is for single linked lists

struct aaa{
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struct aaa *prev;
int i;
struct aaa *next;
};
main()
{
struct aaa abc,def,ghi,jkl;
int x=100;
abc.i=0;
abc.prev=&jkl;
abc.next=&def;
def.i=1;
def.prev=&abc;
def.next=&ghi;
ghi.i=2;
ghi.prev=&def;
ghi.next=&jkl;
jkl.i=3;
jkl.prev=&ghi;
jkl.next=&abc;
x=abc.next->next->prev->next->i;
printf("%d",x);
}
A. Yes B. No
Answer:
B. No
Output: 2
Explanation:
above all statements form a double circular linked list;
abc.next->next->prev->next->i
this one points to "ghi" node the value of at particular node is 2.

struct point
{
int x;
int y;
};
struct point origin,*pp;
main()
{
pp=&origin;
printf("origin is(%d%d)\n",(*pp).x,(*pp).y);
printf("origin is (%d%d)\n",pp->x,pp->y);
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}
A. Yes B. No
Answer:
Yes
Output:
origin is(0,0)
origin is(0,0)
Explanation:
pp is a pointer to structure. we can access the elements of the structure either
with arrow mark or with indirection operator.
Note:
Since structure point is globally declared x & y are initialized as zeroes
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct employee
{
char *n;
int age;
};
struct employee e1 = {"Dravid", 23};
struct employee e2 = e1;
strupr(e2.n);
printf("%s\n", e1.n);
return 0;
}
A.Error: Invalid structure assignment
B. DRAVID
C. Dravid
D.No output
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The value of e1 is passed in e2 and then changes are made to the value present in e2 and then we
want to print the values of e1 then dravid will come in lower case
14. What will be the output of the program in 16-bit platform (under DOS)?
#include<stdio.h>
Page 135
int main()
{
struct node
{
int data;
struct node *link;
};
struct node *p, *q;
p = (struct node *) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
q = (struct node *) malloc(sizeof(struct node));
printf("%d, %d\n", sizeof(p), sizeof(q));
return 0;
}
A.2, 2 B. 8, 8
C. 5, 5 D.4, 4
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Under 16 bit DOS the size of any pointer is 2 bytes.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct byte
{
int one:1;
};
struct byte var = {1};
printf("%d\n", var.one);
return 0;
}
[A].1 [B]. -1
[C].0 [D].Error
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
If you store 1 in 1-bit field:

The left most bit is 1, so the system will treat the value as negative number.
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The 2's complement method is used by the system to handle the negative values.
Therefore, the data stored is 1. The 2's complement of 1 is also 1 (negative).
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
enum days {MON=-1, TUE, WED=6, THU, FRI, SAT};
printf("%d, %d, %d, %d, %d, %d\n", ++MON, TUE, WED, THU, FRI, SAT);
return 0;
}
A.-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 B. Error:L value required
C. 0, 1, 6, 3, 4, 5 D.0, 0, 6, 7, 8, 9
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Because ++ or -- cannot be done on enum value. Because these are treated as constants
#include<stdio.h>
struct course
{
int courseno;
char coursename[25];
};
int main()
{
struct course c[] = { {102, "Java"},
{103, "PHP"},
{104, "DotNet"} };
printf("%d", c[1].courseno);
printf("%s\n", (*(c+2)).coursename);
return 0;
}
[A].103 Dotnet [B]. 102 Java
[C].103 PHP [D].104 DotNet
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Answer: Option A
Explanation:
When you do c[1].courseno it will print the 'c[1]' array 2nd variable ie(2 nd index) 103 then
(*(c+2)).coursename it will go into c[2] array's coursename contents ie DOTNET
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
enum value{VAL1=0, VAL2, VAL3, VAL4, VAL5} var;
printf("%d\n", sizeof(var));
return 0;
}
[A].1 [B]. 2
[C].4 [D].10
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
If we run this program in DOS (compiled with Turbo C), it will show the output as 2. Because it
is a 16-bit platform. If you compile in a 32-bit platform like Linux (compiled with GCC
compiler), it will show 4 as the output.
14. Point out the error in the program?
struct employee
{
int ecode;
struct employee *e;
};
A.Error: in structure declaration
B. Linker Error
C. No Error
D.None of above
Answer: Option C
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Explanation:
This type of declaration is called as self-referential structure. Here *e is pointer to a struct

employee.
typedef struct smalldata mystruct;

struct smalldata
{
int x;
mystruct *b;
};
B. Linker Error
C. No Error
D.None of above
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Here the type name mystruct is known at the point of declaring the structure, as it is already
defined.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct a
{
float category:5;
char scheme:4;
};
printf("size=%d", sizeof(struct a));
return 0;
}
A.Error: invalid structure member in printf
B. Error in this float category:5; statement
C. No error
D.None of above
Page 139
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Bit field type must be signed int or unsigned int.

The char type: char scheme:2; is also a valid statement.
struct employee
{
int ecode;
struct employee e;
};
B. Linker Error
C. No Error
D.None of above
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The structure employee contains a member e of the same type.(i.e) struct employee. At this stage
compiler does not know the size of structure.
18.Point out the error in the program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct emp
{
char name[20];
float sal;
};
struct emp e[10];
int i;
for(i=0; i<=9; i++)
scanf("%s %f", e[i].name, &e[i].sal);
return 0;
}
A.Error: invalid structure member
B. Error: Floating point formats not linked
C. No error
Page 140
D.None of above
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
At run time it will show an error then program will be terminated.
Sample output: Turbo C (Windows)
c:\>myprogram
Sample
12.123
scanf : floating point formats not linked

Abnormal program termination
In order to remove error add following code in the program

void linkfloat()
{
float a=0,*b;
b=&a;
a=*b;
}
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct bits
{
int i:40;
}bit;
printf("%d\n", sizeof(bit));
return 0;
}
A.4
B. 2
C. Error: Bit field too large
D.Error: Invalid member access in structure
Page 141
Answer: Option C
Explanation
The width of int is 4 bytes (32 bits) or 2 bytes (16 bits) depending upon the machine, so the
allocation for int is upto 32 bits. The declaration int i:40; exceeds the width of int so the compiler
generates the error:width of 'i' exceeds its type.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
union a
{
int i;
char ch[2];
};
union a z1 = {512};
union a z2 = {0, 2};
return 0;
}
A.Error: invalid union declaration
B. Error: in Initializing z2
C. No error
D.None of above
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
In union at a time, only one variable can be initialised.. so union a z2={0,2} is an error.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
struct emp
{
char name[25];
int age;
Page 142
float bs;
};
struct emp e;
e.name = "Ind";
e.age = 25;
printf("%s %d\n", e.name, e.age);
return 0;
}
A.Error: Lvalue required/incompatible types in assignment
B. Error: invalid constant expression
C. Error: Rvalue required
D.No error, Output: Ind 25
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
We cannot assign a string to a struct variable like e.name = "Ind"; in C.

We have to use strcpy(char *dest, const char *source) function to assign a string.
Ex: strcpy(e.name, "Ind");
22. A union cannot be nested in a structure

[A].True [B].False
Answer: Option B
Explanation
The below code is legal

struct emp
{
int z;
union fac
{
int a;
};
};
23. If a char is 1 byte wide, an integer is 2 bytes wide and a long integer is 4 bytes wide then will
the following structure always occupy 7 bytes?
struct ex
{
Page 143
char ch;
int i;
long int a;
};
A.Yes B.No
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
A compiler may leave holes in structures by padding the first char in the structure with another
byte just to ensures that the integer that follows is stored at an location. Also, there might be
2extra bytes after the integer to ensure that the long integer is stored at an address, which is
multiple of 4. Such alignment is done by machines to improve the efficiency of accessing values.
Page 144
Typedef
1.In the following code, the P2 is Integer Pointer or Integer?
typedef int *ptr;

ptr p1, p2;
A.Integer B. Integer pointer
C. Error in declaration D.None of above
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Here ptr is of int * type so ptr is alias to int *. P1,p2 are of ptr type so p1,p2 are int * type. Ie pte
is integer pointer or pointer to an integer.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
typedef int arr[5];
arr iarr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int i;
for(i=0; i<=4; i++)
printf("%d,", iarr[i]);
return 0;
}
[A].1, 2, 3, 4
[B]. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
[C].No output
[D].Error: Cannot use typedef with an array
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Typedef can be used even for arryas also. Arr is alias to int[5] so irr is integer array
arr iarr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; is treated as
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int iarr[5]={1,2,3,4,5};
#define max 5
#define int arr1[max]
main()
{
typedef char arr2[max];
arr1 list={0,1,2,3,4};
arr2 name="name";
printf("%d %s",list[0],name);
}
A. Yes B. No
Answer:
B. No
Compiler error (in the line arr1 list = {0,1,2,3,4})
Explanation:
arr2 is declared of type array of size 5 of characters. So it can be used to
declare the variable name of the type arr2. But it is not the case of arr1.
Hence an error.
Rule of Thumb:
#defines are used for textual replacement whereas typedefs are used for
declaring new types.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
typedef float f;
f *fptr;
float fval = 900;
fptr = &fval;
printf("%f\n", *fptr);
return 0;
}
A.9 B. 0
C. 900.000000 D.90
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Page 146
f is the new name of float. So fptr is of f* (ie float * type) so it can store float address of fval.
5. Is the following declaration acceptable?
typedef long no, *ptrtono;

no n;
ptrtono p;
A.Yes B.NO
Answer: Option A
Here no is long type and ptrtono is of long* type and the declaration is correct.
6. typedef's have the advantage that they obey scope rules, that is they can be declared local to a
function or a block whereas #define's always have a global effect.
[A].Yes [B].No
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Lets us see simple example

Void main()
{
typedef int x;
#define a 100
}
Here x is having local scope.
Where as a is having global scope even though it is written in main()
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int y=12;
const int x=y;
printf("%d\n", x);
return 0;
}
A.12 B. Garbage value
C. Error D.0
Page 147
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Step 1: int y=12; The variable 'y' is declared as an integer type and initialized to value "12".
Step 2: const int x=y; The constant variable 'x' is declared as an integer and it is initialized with
the variable 'y' value.
Step 3: printf("%d\n", x); It prints the value of variable 'x'.
Hence the output of the program is "12"
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
const int x=5;
const int *ptrx;
ptrx = &x;
*ptrx = 10;
printf("%d\n", x);
return 0;
}
A.5 B. 10
C. Error D.Garbage value
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Step 1: const int x=5; The constant variable x is declared as an integer data type and initialized
with value '5'.
Step 2: const int *ptrx; The constant variable ptrx is declared as an integer pointer.
Step 3: ptrx = &x; The address of the constant variable x is assigned to integer pointer variable
ptrx.
Step 4: *ptrx = 10; Here we are indirectly trying to change the value of the constant vaiable x.
This will result in an error.
Page 148
To change the value of const variable x we have to use *(int *)&x = 10;
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
const char *s = "";
char str[] = "Hello";
s = str;
while(*s)
printf("%c", *s++);
return 0;
}
A.Error B. H
C. Hello D.Hel
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Step 1: const char *s = ""; The constant variable s is declared as an pointer to an array of
characters type and initialized with an empty string.
Step 2: char str[] = "Hello"; The variable str is declared as an array of charactrers type and
Step 3: s = str; The value of the variable str is assigned to the variable s. Therefore str contains
the text "Hello".
Step 4: while(*s){ printf("%c", *s++); } Here the while loop got executed untill the value of the
variable s is available and it prints the each character of the variable s.
Hence the output of the program is "Hello".
#include<stdio.h>
int get();
int main()
{
const int x = get();
printf("%d", x);
return 0;
Page 149
}
int get()
{
return 2;
}
A.Garbage value B. Error
C. 2 D.0
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Step 1: int get(); This is the function prototype for the funtion get(), it tells the compiler returns
an integer value and accept no parameters.
Step 2: const int x = get(); The constant variable x is declared as an integer data type and
initialized with the value "2".
The function get() returns the value "2".
Step 3: printf("%d", x); It prints the value of the variable x.
Hence the output of the program is "2".
11. What will be the output of the program (in Turbo C)?
#include<stdio.h>
int fun(int *f)
{
*f = 100;
return 0;
}
int main()
{
const int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
printf("Before modification arr[3] = %d", arr[3]);
fun(&arr[3]);
printf("\nAfter modification arr[3] = %d", arr[3]);
return 0;
}
Before modification arr[3] = 4
A.
After modification arr[3] = 100
B. Error: cannot convert parameter 1 from const int * to int *
C. Error: Invalid parameter
Page 150
D.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Step 1: const int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; The constant variable arr is declared as an integer array
and initialized to
arr[0] = 1, arr[1] = 2, arr[2] = 3, arr[3] = 4, arr[4] = 5
Step 2: printf("Before modification arr[3] = %d", arr[3]); It prints the value of arr[3] (ie. 4).
Step 3: fun(&arr[3]); The memory location of the arr[3] is passed to fun() and arr[3] value is
modified to 100.
A const variable can be indirectly modified by a pointer.
Step 4: printf("After modification arr[3] = %d", arr[3]); It prints the value of arr[3] (ie. 100).
Hence the output of the program is
Preprocessor
1. #define square(x) x*x
void main()
Page 151
{
int i;
i = 64/square(4);
printf("%d",i);
}
A. 64 B.4 C. 16 D. error
Answer:
64
Explanation:
the macro call square(4) will substituted by 4*4 so the expression becomes i =64/4*4 . Since /
and * has equal priority the expression will be evaluated as (64/4)*4 i.e. 16*4= 64
2. What will the SWAP macro in the following program be expanded to on preprocessing? will
the code compile?
#include<stdio.h>
#define SWAP(a, b, c)(c t; t=a, a=b, b=t)
int main()
{
int x=10, y=20;
SWAP(x, y, int);
printf("%d %d\n", x, y);
return 0;
}
A. It compiles
B. Compiles with an warning
C. Not compile
D. Compiles and print nothing
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
The code won't compile since declaration of t cannot occur within parenthesis.
3. #define int char

void main()
{
int i=65;
printf("sizeof(i)=%d",sizeof(i));
}
Answer:
sizeof(i)=1
Page 152
A. 2 B. 1 C. 0 D. none of the above
Explanation:
Since the #define replaces the string int by the macro char
4.In which stage the following code

#include<conio.h>
gets replaced by the contents of the file conio.h
A. During editing B. During linking

C. During execution D.During preprocessing
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The preprocessor replaces the line #include <conio.h> with the system header file of that name.
More precisely, the entire text of the file 'conio.h' replaces the #include directive
4. Point out the error in the program
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
int i;
#if A
printf("Enter any number:");
scanf("%d", &i);
#elif B
printf("The number is odd");
return 0;
}
A. Error: unexpected end of file because there is no matching #endif
B. The number is odd
C. Garbage values
D. None of above
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The conditional macro #if must have an #endif. In this program there is no #endif statement
written.
5. #include <stdio.h>
#define a 10
main()
{
Page 153
#define a 50
printf("%d",a);
}
A. 0 B.50 C.garbagevalue D.error
Answer:
50
Explanation:
The preprocessor directives can be redefined anywhere in the program. So
the most recently assigned value will be taken.
6. #define clrscr() 100

void main()
{
clrscr();
printf("%d\n",clrscr());
}
A 100 B. 0 C.garbagevalue D.error

Answer:
100
Explanation:
Preprocessor executes as a seperate pass before the execution of the
compiler. So textual replacement of clrscr() to 100 occurs.The input program to compiler
looks like this :
main()
{
100;
printf("%d\n",100);
}
Note:
100; is an executable statement but with no action. So it doesn't give any
problem

#define f(g,g2) g##g2
void main()
{
int var12=100;
printf("%d",f(var,12));
}
A. Yes B. No
Answer:
100
Page 154
Explanation:
#define f(g,g2) g##g2
g##g2 means token pasting so it will become gg2
similarly f(var,12) will become var12
so printf(%d,var12);give 100as output

void main()
{
char not;
not=!2;
printf("%d",not);
}
A. Yes B. No
Answer:
A.Yes
Output: 0
Explanation:
! is a logical operator. In C the value 0 is considered to be the boolean value
FALSE, and any non-zero value is considered to be the boolean value TRUE.
Here 2 is a non-zero value so TRUE. !TRUE is FALSE (0) so it prints 0.
9) #define FALSE -1
#define TRUE 1
#define NULL 0
main() {
if(NULL)
puts("NULL");
else if(FALSE)
puts("TRUE");
else
puts("FALSE");
}
A.TRUE B.FALSE C.NULL D.error
Answer:
A. TRUE
Explanation:
Page 155
The input program to the compiler after processing by the preprocessor is,
main(){
if(0)
puts("NULL");
else if(-1)
puts("TRUE");
else
puts("FALSE");
}
Preprocessor doesn't replace the values given inside the double quotes. The
check by if condition is boolean value false so it goes to else. In second if -1
is boolean value true hence "TRUE" is printed.
Bitwise Operator
1. In which numbering system can the binary number 011111000101 be easily converted to?
A.Decimal system B. Hexadecimal system

C. Octal system D.No need to convert
Page 156
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Hexadecimal system is better, because each 4-digit binary represents one Hexadecimal digit.
2. Which bitwise operator is suitable for turning off a particular bit in a number?
A.|| operator B. & operator

C. && operator D.! operator
Answer: Option B
Explanation
Any bit AND(&) with 0 will give a zero .i.e. will turn that particular bit OFF.
3.Assunming, integer is 2 byte, What will be the output of the program?

#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("%x\n", -1>>1);
return 0;
}
A.ffff B. 0fff
C. 0000 D.fff0
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Negative numbers are treated with 2's complement method.
1's complement: Inverting the bits ( all 1s to 0s and all 0s to 1s)

2's complement: Adding 1 to the result of 1's complement.
Binary of 1(2byte) : 0000 0000 0000 0001

Representing -1:
1s complement of 1(2byte) : 1111 1111 1111 1110
Adding 1 to 1's comp. result : 1111 1111 1111 1111
Right shift 1bit(-1>>1): 1111 1111 1111 1111 (carry out 1)
Hexadecimal :f f f f
(Filled with 1s in the left side in the above step)
Page 157
Note:
1. Fill with 1s in the left side for right shift for negative numbers.
2. Fill with 0s in the right side for left shift for negative numbers.
3. Fill with 0s in the left side for right shift for positive numbers.
4. Fill with 0s in the right side for left shift for positive numbers.
4. If an unsigned int is 2 bytes wide then, What will be the output of the program ?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int m = 32;
printf("%x\n", ~m);
return 0;
}
A.ffff B. 0000
C. ffdf D.ddfd
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
32 can be written as 0000 0000 0010 0000 in 2 bytes and complement operator convert this to
1111 1111 1101 1111 and it is printed with %x format hence option c.
5.If an unsigned int is 2 bytes wide then, What will be the output of the program ?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int a=0xffff;
~a;
printf("%x\n", a);
return 0;
}
A.ffff B. 0000
C. 00ff D.ddfd
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Page 158
Here the modification done to a is not reassigned so a value is not affected.
6.What will be the output of the program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned char i = 0x80;
printf("%d\n", i<<1);
return 0;
}
A.0 B. 256
C. 100 D.80
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
i = 0x80 = 00000000 10000000 in binary form.

After i<<1 it becomes 00000001 00000000. Its decimal equivallent is 256.
#define P printf("%d\n", -1^~0);

#define M(P) int main()\
{\
P\
return 0;\
}
M(P)
[A].1 [B]. 0
[C].-1 [D].2
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
After the First macro function executed

{\
P\
return 0;\
}
Page 159
M(printf("%d\n", -1^~0);)
After the second Macro function executed

{\
P\
return 0;\
}
int main()
{
printf("%d\n", -1^~0);
return 0;
}
~0 is -1
-1^-1 is 0
8. Which of the following statements are correct about the program?
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int num;
int i;
scanf("%u", &num);
for(i=0; i&lt16; i++)
{
printf("%d", (num<<i & 1<<15)?1:0);
}
return 0;
}
A.It prints all even bits from num
B. It prints all odd bits from num
C. It prints binary equivalent num
D.Error
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
If we give input 4, it will print 00000000 00000100 ;

9.w hich of the following statements are correct about the program?
Page 160
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
unsigned int num;
int c=0;
scanf("%u", &num);
for(;num;num>>=1)
{
if(num & 1)
c++;
}
printf("%d", c);
return 0;
}
A.It counts the number of bits that are ON (1) in the number num.
B. It counts the number of bits that are OFF (0) in the number num.
C. It sets all bits in the number num to 1
D.Error
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
If we give input 4, it will print 1.

Binary-4 == 00000000 00000100 ; Total number of bits = 1.
Command Line Arguments

1.According to ANSI specifications which is the correct way of declaring main when it receives
command-line arguments?
A.int main(int argc, char *argv[]){}
int main(argc, argv){
B.
int argc; char *argv;}
int main()
{
C.
int argc; char *argv;
}
D.None of above
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Answer: Option A
2. The maximum combined length of the command-line arguments including the spaces between
adjacent arguments is
A.128 characters
B. 256 characters
C. 64 characters
D.It may vary from one operating system to another
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The command promt is based on OS.
3. What will be the output of the program (my.c) given below if it is executed from the command
line?
cmd> my one two three
/* my.c */
#include<stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)

{
printf("%c\n", **++argv);
return 0;
}
A.my one two three B. my one
C. o D.two
Answer: Option C
Explanation
argv[0] = my
argv[1] = one
So ++argv=> argv[1]. That is it points to 2 nd word ie one

**++argv gives first char in the second word
Page 162
4. What will be the output of the program (sam.c) given below if it is executed from the
command line?
cmd> sam 1 2 3
/* sam.c */
#include<stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])

{
int j;
j = argv[1] + argv[2] + argv[3];
printf("%d", j);
return 0;
}
[A].6 [B]. sam 6
[C].Error [D].Garbage value
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Here argv[1],argv[2],argv[3] are strings so we cannot add. use atoi() to convert string to int
As shown below
atoi(argv[1])+atoi(argv[2])
command line?
cmd> sam "*.c"
/* sam.c */
#include<stdio.h>
int main(int argc, int *argv)
{
int i;
for(i=1; i<argc; i++)
printf("%s\n", argv[i]);
return 0;
}
A.*.c
B. "*.c"
C. sam *.c
D.List of all files and folders in the current directory
Answer: Option A
Page 163
*.c is the 1st argument so it is printed on the screen
6.What will be the output of the program if it is executed like below?

cmd> sam
/* sam.c */
#include<stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
printf("%s\n", argv[argc-1]);
return 0;
}
A.0 B. sam
C. samp D.No output
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
argc by default contain 1. So argv[argc-1] is taken as argv[0] the 1 st argument is by default the
program name so the output is sam
command line?
cmd> sam one two three
/* sam.c */
#include<stdio.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i=0;
i+=strlen(argv[1]);
while(i>0)
{
printf("%c", argv[1][--i]);
}
return 0;
}
[A].three two one [B]. owt
[C].eno [D].eerht
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
Page 164
Argv[1] contains one
i=i+strlen(argv[1]); //i=0+3;
while(i>0) //while(3>0)
argv[1][--i] //argv[1][3] =>e and
i value decremented to 2[--i]
argv[1][2]=>n
and i=1[--i]
argv[1][1]=>o
o/p:eno
8. Every time we supply new set of values to the program at command prompt. we need to
recompile the program.
[A].True [B].False
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The command line arguments are entered after compilation and execution we are not changing
the program code so there is no need to recompile .
9. Even if integer/float arguments are supplied at command prompt they are treated as strings.
A.True B.False
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
The command line arguments are by default strings

As char*[]argv that is array of string addresses.
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INDEX

2. Which of the following correctly shows the hierarchy of arithmetic operations in C?

3. Which of the following is the correct usage of conditional operators used in C?

A.a>b ? c=30 : c=40; B. a>b ? c=30;

4. Which of the following are unary operators in C?

5. In which order do the following gets evaluated

6. What will be the output of the program?

7. Assunming, integer is 2 byte, What will be the output of the program?

8. What will be the output of the program?

9. What will be the output of the program?

Answer & Explanation

10. What will be the output of the program?

11. What will be the output of the program?

12. What will be the output of the program?

14. What will be the output of the program?

15. What will be the output of the program?

16. What will be the output of the program?

17. What will be the output of the program?

18. What will be the output of the program?

22. Associativity of an operator is either Left to Right or Right to Left.

2. What are the types of linkages?

A.Internal and External B. External, Internal and None

3. Which of the following special symbol allowed in a variable?

4. Is there any difference between following declarations?

1 : extern int f1();

5. How would you round off a value from 2.75 to 3.0?

6. By default a real number is treated as a

7. Which of the following is not user defined data type?

long int l = 2L;

8. Is the following statement a declaration or definition?

A.Declaration B. Definition &Defination

9. Identify which of the following are declarations

11. When we mention the prototype of a function?

13. What will be the output of the program?

14. What is the output of the program?

15. What is the output of the program

16. What is the output of the program

17. What will be the output of the program?

19. What is the output of the program

20. What is the output of the program

21. What is the output of the program

23. What will be the output of the program?

24. Point out the error in the following program.

25. Point out the error in the following program.

26. Point out the error in the following program.

typedef enum error { warning, test, exception } err;

28. Point out the error in the following program.

30. Which of the following operations are INCORRECT?

A. int i = 35; i = i%5;

31. Which of the following correctly represents a double constant?

32. Which of the structure is incorrcet?

33. which of the following are correct?

So, Option C is the correct answer.

long double=10 bytes .

38. Range of double is -1.7e-308 to 1.7e+308

False, The range of double is -1.7e-308 to 1.7e+308.

40. Range of float id -2.25e-38 to 2.25e+38

41. Is there any difference int the following declarations?

A.I Love U B. I hate U C. no output D.none of the above

3. Which of the following is not logical operator?

A.Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division

8. Which of the following cannot be checked in a switch-case statement?

A.absiha B.hai C.garbage value D.Error