Biographies of Habibie

B.J. Habibie, in full Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (born June 25, 1936, Parepare,
Indonesia), Indonesian aircraft engineer and politician who was president of Indonesia
(199899) and a leader in the countrys technological and economic development in the late
20th and early 21st centuries. Brilliant in science and mathematics from childhood, Habibie
received his postsecondary education at the Bandung Institute of Technology in Bandung,
Indonesia, and furthered his studies at the Institute of Technology of North RhineWestphalia
in Aachen, West Germany. After graduating in 1960, he remained in West Germany as an
aeronautics researcher and production supervisor.

Suharto took power as Indonesias second president in 1966, and in 1974 he asked
Habibiewhom he had known for 25 yearsto return to the country to help build advanced
industries. Suharto assured him that he could do whatever was needed to accomplish that
goal. Initially assigned to the state oil company, Pertamina, Habibie became a government
adviser and chief of a new aerospace company in 1976. Two years later he became research
minister and head of the Agency for Technology Evaluation and Application. In these roles
he oversaw a number of ventures involving the production and transportation of heavy
machinery, steel, electronics and telecommunications equipment, and arms and ammunition.

Habibie believed his enterprises ultimately would spawn high-tech ventures in the
private sector and allow the country to climb the technology ladder. In 1993 he unveiled the
first Indonesian-developed plane, which he helped design, and in the following year he
launched a plan to refurbish more than three dozen vessels bought from the former East
German navy at his initiative. The Finance Ministry balked at the cost of the latter endeavour,
while the armed forces thought that its turf had been violated. Nevertheless, Habibie got more
than $400 million for refurbishing.

Meanwhile, in 1990 Habibie was appointed head of the Indonesian Muslim

Intellectuals Association, and during the 1993 central-board elections of the countrys ruling
party,Golkar, Habibie helped the children and allies of President Suharto rise to top positions,
easing out long-standing military-backed power brokers. By the late 1990s Habibie was
viewed as one of several possible successors to the aging Suharto. In March 1998 Suharto
appointed Habibie to the vice presidency, and two months later, in the wake of large-scale
violence in Jakarta, Suharto announced his resignation. Thrust unexpectedly into the
countrys top position, Habibie immediately began to implement major reforms.
 He appointed a new cabinet; fired Suhartos eldest daughter as social affairs minister
as well as his longtime friend as trade and industry minister; named a committee to draft less-
restrictive political laws; allowed a free press; arranged for free parliamentary and
presidential elections the following year; and agreed to presidential term limits (two five-year
terms). He also granted amnesty to more than 100 political prisoners. In 1999 Habibie
announced that East Timor, a former Portuguese colony that had been invaded by Indonesia
in 1975, could choose between special autonomy and independence; the territory chose
independence. Indonesia held free general elections (the first since 1955) in June, as
promised. Later that year Habibie ran for president, but he withdrew his candidacy shortly
before the October election, which was won by Abdurrahman Wahid. After Wahid took
office, Habibie essentially stepped out of politics, although in 2000 he established the
Habibie Center, a political research institute.

(Source : http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/250794/BJ-Habibie)

Detais :

1. B.J. Habibie, in full Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie (born June 25, 1936, Parepare,
Indonesia), Indonesian aircraft engineer and politician who was president of Indonesia
(199899) and a leader in the countrys technological and economic development in the
late 20th and early 21st centuries.

2. Brilliant in science and mathematics from childhood, Habibie received his postsecondary
education at the Bandung Institute of Technology in Bandung, Indonesia, and furthered
his studies at the Institute of Technology of North RhineWestphalia in Aachen, West
Germany.

3. After graduating in 1960, he remained in West Germany as an aeronautics researcher and

production supervisor.

4. Suharto took power as Indonesias second president in 1966, and in 1974 he asked
Habibiewhom he had known for 25 yearsto return to the country to help build
advanced industries.

5. Suharto assured him that he could do whatever was needed to accomplish that goal.
Initially assigned to the state oil company, Pertamina, Habibie became a government
adviser and chief of a new aerospace company in 1976.

6. Two years later he became research minister and head of the Agency for Technology
Evaluation and Application.

7. In these roles he oversaw a number of ventures involving the production and

transportation of heavy machinery, steel, electronics and telecommunications equipment,
and arms and ammunition.

8. In 1993 he unveiled the first Indonesian-developed plane, which he helped design, and in
the following year he launched a plan to refurbish more than three dozen vessels bought
from the former East German navy at his initiative.
9. The Finance Ministry balked at the cost of the latter endeavour, while the armed forces
thought that its turf had been violated. Nevertheless, Habibie got more than $400 million
for refurbishing.

10. in 1990 Habibie was appointed head of the Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals Association,
and during the 1993 central-board elections of the countrys ruling party,Golkar, Habibie
helped the children and allies of President Suharto rise to top positions, easing out long-
standing military-backed power brokers.

11. By the late 1990s Habibie was viewed as one of several possible successors to the aging
Suharto.

12. In March 1998 Suharto appointed Habibie to the vice presidency, and two months later, in
the wake of large-scale violence in Jakarta, Suharto announced his resignation.

13. Thrust unexpectedly into the countrys top position, Habibie immediately began to
implement major reforms.

14. He appointed a new cabinet; fired Suhartos eldest daughter as social affairs minister as
well as his longtime friend as trade and industry minister; named a committee to draft
less-restrictive political laws; allowed a free press; arranged for free parliamentary and
presidential elections the following year; and agreed to presidential term limits (two five-
year terms).

15. He also granted amnesty to more than 100 political prisoners.

16. In 1999 Habibie announced that East Timor, a former Portuguese colony that had been
invaded by Indonesia in 1975, could choose between special autonomy and
independence; the territory chose independence.

17. Indonesia held free general elections (the first since 1955) in June, as promised.

18. Later that year Habibie ran for president, but he withdrew his candidacy shortly before
the October election, which was won by Abdurrahman Wahid.

19. After Wahid took office, Habibie essentially stepped out of politics, although in 2000 he
established the Habibie Center, a political research institute.
 Coffee Can Improve Energy Levels and Make You Smarter
Coffee can help people feel less tired and increase energy levels. This is because it
contains a stimulant called caffeine, which is actually the most commonly consumed
psychoactive substance in the world. After you drink coffee, the caffeine is absorbed into the
bloodstream. From there, it travels into the brain. In the brain, caffeine blocks an inhibitory
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like norepinephrine and dopamine actually increases, leading to enhanced firing of neurons.
Many controlled trials in humans show that coffee improves various aspects of brain
function. This includes memory, mood, vigilance, energy levels, reaction times and general
cognitive function.

(Source : http://authoritynutrition.com/top-13-evidence-based-health-benefits-of-coffee/)

Details :

20. Coffee can help people feel less tired and increase energy levels.

21. This is because it contains a stimulant called caffeine, which is actually the most
commonly consumed psychoactive substance in the world.

22. After you drink coffee, the caffeine is absorbed into the bloodstream. From there, it
travels into the brain.

23. In the brain, caffeine blocks an inhibitory neurotransmitter called Adenosine.

24. When that happens, the amount of other neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and
dopamine actually increases, leading to enhanced firing of neurons.

25. Many controlled trials in humans show that coffee improves various aspects of brain
function.

26. This includes memory, mood, vigilance, energy levels, reaction times and general
cognitive function.