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International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056

Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Sequestration and storage of carbon by trees in and around University


campus of Aurangabad city in Maharashtra, India.
Potadar Vishnu R1, and Satish S Patil2

Research student, Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad

vishnupotadar@gmail.com

Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad

sushshrey@rediffmail.com

Abstract:Trees from the urban regions currently store Climate Change has provided a vehicle for considering the
carbon, which can be released into the atmosphere after the various effects of carbon sinks and sources, as well as
death of tree, and capture carbon as they grow. A major addressing issues concerned to fossil fuels emission.
challenge is the lack of correct and spatially explicit Growing concern about the climate change and concerned
estimates of tree carbon storage over the entire urbanized problems led to the research quantifying the overall effects
area. The study was carried out in and around university of trees from the urban area on atmospheric carbon dioxide
campus of Aurangabad city to know the CO2 sequestration (CO2 ) [4,5,6,7,8,9]. Trees from Urban area also affect
from the selected ten tree species. Assessment of the carbon temperatures of air and building energy use, and
sequestration of urban trees was carried out through the consequently alter carbon release from numerous urban
biomass estimation and quantification. For the estimation of sources [2]. Thus, urban trees potentially influence the
total CO2 sequestration DBH and height measured. Wood climate at the local level, carbon cycles, energy use and the
densities were obtained from world agroforestry centre. It climate change [10, 11, 12, 13, 14]. Urban trees affect
is found that highest CO2 3916. 81 kg/tree captured by climate change, but these trees are often disregarded
Swietenia mahagoni followed by Pithocellobium dulce which because their environmental services are not so well
is captured 1401.18 kg of CO2 per tree. Total above ground understood or quantified. Trees act as a sink for carbon
biomass 3463.10, total below ground biomass 900, total dioxide (CO2) by fixing carbon during the photosynthesis
biomass 4363.50, total carbon 2181.75 kg/tree. Total tree and storing carbon as the biomass. The clear long-term CO2
count is 835 out of which Roystonea regia found 206 tree origin dynamics of the forests change through time as trees
count which is maximum. It is found that total CO2 grow, die, and decay. Human influences on forests can
sequestered by the selected area is 565.32 tonnes. Carbon further affect CO2 source dynamics of urban forests through
sequestration is a way to mitigate the accumulation of such components as fossil fuel emissions and harvesting of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere released by the burning biomass [3].
of fossil fuels and other anthropogenic activities.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
KEYWORDS: - biomass, tree, CO2 sequestration, gas, fuels
2.1 Location

1. INTRODUCTION The study area comprises of 2126 hectares of area which is


mainly from B.A.M. University campus and Jaisingpura,
More than half of the population at the global level now lives Pahadsingpura etc. The district is from 19 to 20 degrees
in urban regions, and this figure will continue to increase at north longitude and 74 to 76 degrees east latitude.
a rate of 4% a decade by 2050 [1]. Carbon sequestration is Aurangabad city is situated on the river bank Kham a
one of the important processes of storage of CO2 or other tributary of the Godavari river. The entire city is situated at
forms of carbon to mitigate environmental issues like global the latitude of 19o5350 N and longitude of 75o2246 E.
warming, green house effect and its one of the important Aurangabad District is located mainly in the Godavari river
clause of Kyoto Protocol, through biological, chemical or basin and partly in the Tapi river basin. The city is
physical processes; CO2 is sequestered from the atmosphere. surrounded by the hills of the Vindhya ranges and the river
The Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on the Kham passes through it.

2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 598
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

2.2 Measurement of diameter at breast height (DBH) 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


and tree height:
Humans constantly interact with the natural environment to
To estimate the biomass of different trees, non-destructive create some differences in the tree cover. Costs of
method was used. The biomass of the tree was estimated on maintaining the cover of vegetation and attitudes toward the
the basis of diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height. trees in urban landscape, both related to ambient
DBH can be determined by measuring tree Girth at Breast environmental factors, alter the desire and ability of
Height (GBH), approximately 1.3 meter above the ground. individuals to incorporate trees in the urban landscape. Tree
The GBH of trees having the diameter greater than 10 cm cover can be increased by allowing space for the vegetation
were measured directly by the measuring tape [21]. The tree cover, planting, and inspiring natural regeneration.
height measured by the Theodolite instrument. Measurements of the tree cover provide important basic
structural data used to model urban tree cover functions
2.3 Above ground biomass (AGB) of trees:
such as air pollution control and carbon dioxide capture
The above ground biomass of the tree includes whole shoot,
[19]. Understanding the relationship among the urban trees,
branches, flowers, leaves and fruits. It is calculated using the
people, and environment can facilitate probable urban
following formula.[22].
designs that might increase the environmental and social
AGB kg = volume of tree (m3) x wood density Kg/m3
benefits from trees. Large trees also preserve approximately
V = r2H
1000 times maximum carbon than smaller trees [19,20]. It
Where H = Height of the tree in meter, V= volume of the
may be one of the crucial green region in the urban and
cylindrical shaped tree in m3, r = radius of the tree in meter,
industrial sectors. Carbon capture rates vary by species, soil,
Radius of the tree is calculated from GBH of tree. Height was
climate, topography and most important is management
measured with the help of the instrument Theodolite. The
practice [13]. Environmentalists have highlighted the role of
wood densities were obtained from the website
urban forests as a place of social integration as they provide
www.worldagroforestycentre.org. The standard average
recreation and relief to the urban population from their
density of 0.6 gm/cm was applied wherever the density
hectic life.
value is not available for tree species [20].
2.4 Estimation of the Below Ground Biomass (BGB)
More research work is required on the overall effects of
The Below Ground Biomass (BGB) includes all biomass of
trees, soils and its proper management in the urban areas.
live roots excluding fine roots having < 2 mm diameter. The
Carbon storage by tree species in woodlands at national
below ground biomass was calculated by multiplying AGB
level was 20.2 billion tonnes in 2008 [20].
by 0.26 factors as the root: shoot ratio. BGB is calculated by
Table 2: Shows Biophysical measurements with AGB
following formula [21,20, 23].
BGB (Kg/tree) = AGB (Kg/tree) or (ton/tree) x 0.26 and BGB
Table 1: Wood densities of tree species
Sr Heigh Volu
Sr. Tree Species Local name Wood DBH AGB BGB
. Scientific t me
No. (Scientific Name) density in (Mete (kg/tr (kg/tr
N name (Mete (m3)
g/cm3 rs) ee) ee)
o. rs)
Pithecellobium
Vilayati chinch Pithecello
1 dulce 0.6657
bium 606.6 157.7
Polyalthia 1 dulce 0.363 8.79 0.91 4 3
Ashok
2 longifolia 0.5635
Polyalthia 131.2
3 Pongamia pinnata Karanj 0.6198
2 longifolia 0.194 7.88 0.23 2 34.12
4 Psidium guajava Peru 0.6713
5 Punica granatum Dalimb 0.771 Pongamia 101.7
6 Roystonea regia palm tree 0.66 3 pinnata 0.189 5.88 0.16 0 26.44
7 Santalum album Chandan 0.9367 Psidium 116.0
Sesbania sesban Shevari 4 guajava 0.192 5.99 0.17 5 30.17
8 0.43
Spathodea Punica
Pichkari 5 granatum 0.142 4.19 0.07 50.97 13.25
9 campanulata 0.3303
Swietenia Roystonea 400.4 104.1
Mohogony regia
10 mahagoni 0.66 6 0.317 8.46 0.67 7 2

2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 599
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

Santalum Carbon capture and sequestration is a theoretical approach


7 album 0.17 4.49 0.10 91.79 23.86 to control and mitigate the contribution of emissions of
fossil fuels to global warming, based on capturing carbon
Sesbania
dioxide from large point sources such as the fossil fuel
8 sesban 0.148 4.25 0.07 31.50 8.19 power plants. The carbon dioxide might then be stored away
Spathodea from the atmosphere permanently. As urban areas discharge
campanul 237.0 maximum amount of emissions of carbon, tree creates an
9 ata 0.295 10.50 0.72 0 61.62 impact on carbon emissions through changing in climates at
1 Swietenia 1695. 440.9 micro level, albedo, use of energy, and maintenance of
0 mahagoni 0.464 15.22 2.57 76 0 emissions which require to be added with tree storage and
346.3 capture estimates to improve a more complete evaluation of
Average the role of trees of the urban area on climate change [20].
0.247 7.56 0.56 0 90.04
Total 3463. 900.4
2.474 75.64 5.67 10 0 3916.8
4000.0
3000.0
Table 3: Shows TB, C, CO2, Tree count, Total CO2 2000.0 1401.2 925.0
1000.0 303.1234.9268.0117.7 212.072.8547.4
Sr Tre Total 0.0
TB C CO2
. Scientific e CO2
(kg/tr (kg/tr (kg/tr
N name cou (Tonn
ee) ee) ee)
o. nt es)
Pithecello 764.3 382.1 1401. 218.5
1 bium dulce 6 8 19 156 86
Polyalthia 165.3 303.1 12.12
2 longifolia 4 82.67 0 40 4
Graph showing CO2 sequestration
Pongamia 128.1 234.9 48.15
3 pinnata 4 64.07 1 205 6 The study was conducted in the Aurangabad city to estimate
Psidium 146.2 268.0 41.81 the above ground biomass, below ground biomass, total
4 guajava 2 73.11 5 156 5 biomass, carbon dioxide, carbon from selective ten tree
Punica 117.7 species. Swietenia mahagoni has sequestered 3916.81
5 granatum 64.22 32.11 2 40 4.709 kg/tree of CO2 which is highest compared to other tree
Roystonea 504.6 252.3 925.0 190.5 species from the study area. It is due to high DBH and height
6 regia 0 0 0 206 50 of the tree. At the same time AGB 1695.76, BGB 440.89, total
biomass 2136.65, carbon 1068.32 which is highest in the
Santalum 115.6 212.0 Swietenia mahagoni which has only 11 tree count. Sesbania
7 album 5 57.83 1 7 1.484 sesban sequestered lowest CO2 72.75 kg/tree compared to
Sesbania other trees which is may be due to lowest DBH i.e. 0.148
8 sesban 39.69 19.85 72.76 6 0.437 meters, total biomass sequestered 39.69 kg/tree. Total tree
Spathodea count of the study area is 835. Maximum 206 trees found of
campanul 298.6 149.3 547.4 Roystonea regia and only 6 trees found of Sesbania sesban
9 ata 2 1 2 8 4.379 from the study area. Total AGB 3463.10, total BGB 900, Total
1 Swietenia 2136. 1068. 3916. 43.08 biomass 4363.50, Total carbon 2181.75, total CO2
0 mahagoni 66 33 82 11 5 sequestered is 7998.96kg/tree and total CO2 from all tree
436.3 218.1 799.8 56.53 species from the study area is 565.32 tonnes. Large healthy
Average trees having the diameter more than 77 cm sequester
5 7 9 83.5 0
approximately 90 times more carbon as compared to the
Total 4363. 2181. 7998. 565.3
small healthy trees species which have the diameter less
50 75 96 835 20
than 8 cm [19]. Large trees also store nearly 1000 times
maximum carbon than smaller trees [20, 19].

2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 600
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

REGRESSION ANALYSIS done by nondestructive method. Theodolite instrument was


used for height measurement. Wood densities were
To estimate the closeness and relationships various obtained from the World Agroforestry Centre for the
parameters a regression analysis was performed with the measurement of carbon sequestered by trees. Carbon stock
help of SPSS 16.0 software. was determined for Pithecellobium dulce, Polyalthia
longifolia, Pongamia pinnata, Psidium guajava, Punica
Model Summary granatum, Roystonea regia, Santalum album, Sesbania
sesban, Spathodea campanulata, Swietenia mahagoni tree
Adjuste Std. Error of species in and around university campus of Aurangabad city.
Mode R dR the Results show that Swietenia mahagoni has the better carbon
l R Square Square Estimate sequestration potential rate which sequestered 3916.81
1 .949a .900 .871 .27519 kg/tree of CO2 whereas Sesbania sesban has the least
sequestration rate which sequestered 72.75 kg/tree of CO2
a. Predictors: (Constant), Height, as compared to other species. Total tree count is 835. Total
DBH carbon sequestered 2181.75. Total carbon dioxide from all
the tree species sequestered 7998.96 kg/tree. Carbon
Coefficientsa dioxide sequestered by the trees 565.32 tonnes. More field
measurements are needed in urban regions to help improve
Standardize carbon accounting and other functions of urban forest
Unstandardized d ecosystems. Before applying the approach of urban tree
Coefficients Coefficients management, quantification of organic carbon in the urban
region by nondestructive method will be helpful.
Std.
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2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 601
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 01 | Jan -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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