Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
PROJECT REPORT
ON
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY
OF
(SESSION 2015-2017)
MR. (SUPERVISOR)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would take this opportunity to thank Mrs. Bhawana Sharma, Faculty, D.A.V. Institute of
Management, Faridabad for being cooperative and helpful guide.
A note of thanks is due to all those, too many to single out by names, which have helped in no
small measure by cooperating during by providing their valuable time, inputs and assistance.
Their support, guidance and motivation were very valuable and encouraging.
DHEERAJ
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PREFACE
The introduction and application of the concept of customer services entered in a welcoming way
in India only after independence. The banking system in India has come a long way during the
last two centuries. Its growth was faster and the coverage wider since 1969. In 1969a major
position of banking sector was entrusted to the public sector. This process continued and
embraced few private banks in 1980.
The transfer of ownership of banks from the public to private was aimed at entrusting the banks
with greater responsibilities for the economic development of India by taking banking services to
the masses and taking special care of the weaker section of the society and the priority sector of
the economy. Though the number of banks offices magnitude and the variety of their operations
has grown considerably during the period of near about three decades, but it appears that the
banking sector has entered into serious among customers.
For overcoming this problem, banking industry should seek introspection and adopt refined
management techniques. It has been endeavor of this study to analyze the present state of various
banks keeping in view the primary data has been collected regarding the present state of loan
schemes in various banks by using a questionnaire.
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DECLARATION
I undersigned Dheeraj The student of MBA 3rd Sem. hereby declare that the project work
in my own work and has been carried out under the guidance of Mrs. Bhawana Sharma Faculty
Member of DAV Institute of Management of Studies in Faridabad (Haryana). This Report
has been submitted to M.D. University for Evaluation.
Date:
Place:
Bajrang Kaushik
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Table of contents
S. No. Indian Banking SystemPages
Particulars 2017
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMERY 07-08
2. INTRODUCTION: 09-19
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CONCEPTULIZATION
FOCUS OF THE PROBLEM
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Indian Economy is driven by strong fundamentals with GDP growth at 9.1% for H1 FY07
strongest growth in any six months since H1 FY04 and uptrend in Industrial Cycle with Average
Index of Industrial Production growth at 10.2% being the strongest run in the past 11 years.
On political front, the Indian Government has signed nuclear deal with America indicating
Indias importance in the global context opening up many opportunities. Along with this,
Chinese President Hu is expected to visit India. This will improve trade and other ties between
two of the fastest growing economies.
In Capital Market, Strong foreign inflows with Portfolio flows of nearby USD 9.2bn took BSE
Sensex to 14,000 + (50% higher) compared to FY 05-06. The Indian corporate raised USD 6bn
by issuing Initial public offer in India and abroad. High Credit growth at 30%, it continued the
trend of last 5 years where it has averaged around 25% and lastly M&A activity which was at its
peak with sectors beyond IT and Pharma making global & domestic acquisitions.
The high growth sectors are Power where power ministry and local private players
announce 9 ultra mega projects (4,000 MW each) provides visibility on power & infra
front.
Retail - a Point of inflection with major Indian corporate announcing plans, entry of
world majors like Wal-Mart & foreign investment allowed in single brand retail and Real
Estate with major huge build-out plans and Special Economic Zone policy of government
is major driver of growth.
Banking in which Banks are allowed to raise hybrid capital which opens new avenues for
funding credit growth.
As such, the report focus on change factors in Banking Industry as this industry is expected to
have major impact on Indian Economy.
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INTRODUCTI
ON
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INTRODUCTION
In India, given the relatively underdeveloped capital market and with little internal resources,
firms and economic entities depend, largely, on financial intermediaries to meet their fund
requirements. In terms of supply of credit, financial intermediaries can broadly be categorized as
institutional and non-institutional. The major institutional suppliers of credit in India are banks
and non-bank financial institutions (that is, development financial institutions or DFIs), other
financial institutions (FIs), and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs). The non-institutional
or unorganized sources of credit include indigenous bankers and money-lenders. Information
about the unorganized sector is limited and not readily available.
While banks and NBFCs predominantly cater for short-term needs, FIs provide mostly medium
and long-term funds.
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REVIEW OF LITERATURE
http://indiapost.com/article/techbiz/1038/
NEW JERSEY: Indus American Bank has tied up with State Bank of India to offer money
transfer services to India for its clients. Under the new money transfer service, which will
provide expanded services to Indus American Bank customers can expect service at over 14,000
branch locations of State Bank of India within India, and at over 14,000 additional RTGS
participating banks.
Funds remitted from Indus American Bank would reach recipients typically within 24 hours. As
the largest bank in India, State Bank of India offers excellent exchange rates which are now
available to Indus American Bank customers. India is one of the biggest destinations for foreign
remittances.
http://www.myiris.com/newsCentre/newsPopup.php?
fileR=20070925165003043&dir=2007/09/25&secID=livenews
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ICICI Bank allotted 17,800 equity shares of face value of Rs 10 each on Sep. 18, 2007 under the
employees stock option sceme, 2000 (ESOS).ICICI Bank (ICICIBANK) was promoted in 1994
by ICICI, an Indian development financial institution. The two entities subsequently merged to
become the largest commercial bank in the private sector.
Shares of the company gained Rs 7.75, or 1.38%, to settle at Rs 569.9. The total volume of
shares traded was 173,655 at the BSE.(Tuesday)
MUMBAI (Reuters) - HDFC Asset Management Co Ltd said on Tuesday that it will launch a
close-ended debt fund on Sept. 27.
The fund, HDFC FMP 18M September 2007, will be open for subscription till Oct. 8. It will
invest at least 60 percent of the assets in debt and money market instruments and the rest in
government securities, the fund house said.
Mortgage lender Housing Development Finance Corp is likely to cut its interest rates next week,
the Economic Times reported on Saturday.
"The cost of wholesale funding has come down and we are taking a look at passing on the
benefits to borrowers," HDFC Chairman Deepak Parekh was quoted as saying.
The report also quoted HDFC Managing Director Keki Mistry as saying the company was
looking at a half percentage point cut and that the new rates would be announced next week.
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Todays banking sector play a dominant role regarding investment decision. It basically
tells about how these funds are effectively and efficiently utilized in order to maximize
profits.
To study the growth and performance of banking company.
To find out what are the policies that we have to be adopted to increase the goodwill of
the company.
To provide suggestions for better functioning of business.
To know about the various loan schemes of these two banking companies i.e. ICICI &
SBI.
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To make a detailed study of various financial services provide by the different banks.
To analyze customers view point regarding their banks.
To study effective and most popular bank among the customers regarding its services.
To find out the rate of interest of banks and reaction of customers on it.
To make analysis on the economic benefits provided by various banks.
Suggest the investors whether to invest in shares of Banking Companies.
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CONCEPTUALIZATION
The last decade has seen many positive developments in the Indian banking sector. The policy
makers, which comprise the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Ministry of Finance and related
government and financial sector regulatory entities, have made several notable efforts to improve
regulation in the sector. The sector now compares favourably with banking sectors in the region
on metrics like growth, profitability and non-performing assets (NPAs). A few banks have
established an outstanding track record of innovation, growth and value creation. This is
reflected in their market valuation. However, improved regulations, innovation, growth and value
creation in the sector remain limited to a small part of it.
The cost of banking intermediation in India is higher and bank penetration is far lower than in
other markets. Indias banking industry must strengthen itself significantly if it has to support the
modern and vibrant economy which India aspires to be. While the onus for this change lies
mainly with bank managements, an enabling policy and regulatory framework will also be
critical to their success.
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The failure to respond to changing market realities has stunted the development of the financial
sector in many developing countries. A weak banking structure has been unable to fuel continued
growth, which has harmed the long-term health of their economies. In this white paper, we
emphasize the need to act both decisively and quickly to build an enabling, rather than a limiting,
banking sector in India
The research report concentrates on macro and micro factors affecting Banking Industry,
Evolution of Banking Industry and its current status. Various regulatory and reform processes
also affect banking industry. The report also throws a light on them.
The report finally ends with valuation of major players in banking Industry and the major
challenges faced by this industry.
1. Banking Challenges
It is expected that the Indian banking and finance system will be globally competitive. For this
the market players will have to be financially strong and operationally efficient. Capital would be
a key factor in building a successful institution. The banking and finance system will improve
competitiveness through a process of consolidation, either through mergers and acquisitions
through strategic alliances. Technology would be the key to the competitiveness of banking and
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finance system. Indian players will keep pace with global leaders in the use of banking
technology.
In such a scenario, on-line accessibility will be available to the customers from any part of the
globe; Anywhere and Anytime banking will be realized truly and fully. In this context, the
research paper approached Indian Banking System as the shape of the banking sector will be
the result of a strong interplay between the decisions taken by policy makers and actions of bank
managements.
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government and financial sector regulatory entities, have made several notable efforts to improve
regulation in the sector.
The sector now compares favorably with banking sectors in the region on metrics like growth,
profitability and non-performing assets (NPAs). A few banks have established an outstanding
track record of innovation, growth and value creation. This is reflected in their market valuation.
However, improved regulations, innovation, growth and value creation in the sector remain
limited to a small part of it. The cost of banking intermediation in India is higher and bank
penetration is far lower than in other markets. Indias banking industry must strengthen itself
significantly, if it has to support the modern and vibrant economy which India aspires to be,
while the onus for this change lies mainly with bank managements, and enabling policy and
regulatory framework will also be critical to their success.
The research focuses on emphasizing the need of decisively and quickly to build and enabling,
rather than a limiting, banking sector in India. The major challenges ahead for bank management
are as follows:
First, cost management, a key to sustainability of bank profits as well as their long-term
viability.
Second, recovery management, which is a key to the stability of the banking sector.
Third, technological intensity of banking, an area where India happens to be a world leader in
information technology, but its usage by our banking system is somewhat muted. It is wise
for Indian banks to exploit this globally state-of-art expertise, domestically available, to their
fullest advantage.
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Fourth, risk management, Banks can, on their part, formulate early warning indicators
suited to their own requirements, business profile and risk appetite in order to better monitor
and manage risks.
Fifth, governance because the quality of corporate governance in the banks becomes critical as
competition intensifies, banks strive to retain their client base, and regulators move out of
controls and micro-regulation.
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RESEARCH
METHODOLO
GY
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Problem Definition:
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To determine and analyze the hidden potential in Banking sector in India so as to suggest the
investors whether to invest in shares of Banking Companies.
Objective:
Discover insights into and develop an understanding of the various Macro and Micro Economic
Factors that have bearing on the functioning of the Banking sector.
Evaluate the performance of some of the banks based on the past data and forecast the future
prospects.
Valuation:
The project involves valuation of major Indian Banks including ICICI Bank, SBI and HDFC
Bank. The methodology followed is Target Pricing, which includes estimating growth rate by
regression on historical sales to forecast next year sales, earning and Profit and Loss account.
Then EPS is calculated which is multiplied to Historical P/E to forecast intrinsic value of share.
Result:
All shares are undervalued and expected to give positive risk adjusted returns to investors. Since
the intrinsic value is more than current market price for all the companies, the share can be
recommended to conservative investors.
RESEARCH DESIGN
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Exploratory Research Design because the problem required an in-depth study of all the related
variables.
Collected the past information in the form of details of the various accounting statements
(Income Statement, Balance Sheet etc.), including the sales for the past 10 years (1997-2006).
Forecasts are done in relation to the future performance in terms of sales for HDFC Bank, ICICI
Bank, and SBI. Other forecasts include the EPS calculation and comparison of forecasted Future
Target Price with the Current Market Price.
Once the information was collected, the next step was to search for resources and constraints
with respect to the area of research.
Resources:
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Constraints:
Lack of time availability with the people involved in any manner with the research
especially when decisions were to be made quickly.
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Sampling Technique:
Sample Size:
Sample Size was restricted to 3, including ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank and State Bank of India.
Through making a comparison among the various key figures of sales, profits and accounting
ratios deduced from accounting statements.
Secondary Data is collected to carry out the study. To review the literature available regarding
the subject; various journals, magazines, related research papers and Internet would be used
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INDIAN
ECONOMY
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The Indian Economy is driven by the strong fundamentals and uptrend in industrial cycle.
The Indian economy maintained a strong growth momentum for the third successive year in
2005-06 with real GDP growth accelerating to 8.4% 2005-06. The services sector recorded
double digit growth to contribute nearly three-fourths of incremental GDP. A consistent
increase in domestic investment rate from 23.0% of GDP in 2001-02 to 30.1% in 2004-05
supported a high credit growth witnessed during the past few years. The manufacturing
sector the key growth driver for banking credit, clocked a healthy growth of 9.0% during
FY06.
Source: www.rbi.org.in
In FY 06-07, services sector account for major 55% of India GDP followed by 25% in Industrial
sector and 20% in agriculture sector.
FY07 Vs Q2FY06, the growth rate in GDP components are as follows:
Agriculture: 1.7%
Industry: 10.5%
Service: 10.7
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3. Inflation:
Inflation remained largely benevolent due to investment driven nature of growth and
subsidized nature of oil prices as pass-on of international crude price rise remained
incomplete in India. WPI Inflation has risen to 5.45% for the week ended November 18,
2006 after remaining in the range of 4.0-5.0% earlier. RBI has repeatedly cautioned that
maintaining inflation in the target range may call for substantial monetary tightening should
crude prices persist at high level. The money supply has grown by 18.7% yoy till November
10, 2006 during the current fiscal, which poses a significant threat to RBIs efforts of
containing inflation in the desired range of 5.0-5.5%.
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5. Interest Rate:
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The yield on dated government securities (G-Sec) has been moving up since the
beginning of FY05. The yield on 10 year paper began during Q1 to close the quarter at
8.12%. During July 06, it continue to move up to 8.42% but reacted sharply thereafter to
once again come down to 7.4% at present as the market participants believed that US Fed
and other central banks worldwide would not only pause rate hikes but soon get into rate the
current fiscal at 7.50% but moved up quite sharply cut mode.
Source: RBI
Real interest rate indicated by spread between inflation and 10 year benchmark yield has trended
in the range of 2-4%. The real interest rate in developed economies is normally in the range of 2-
3%. However, the marginal productivity of capital being much higher in the developing economy
like India. Due to this, real interest should be higher than those prevailing in more matured
economies.
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7. Capital Market:
Financial markets in India and globally have seen little volatility over the last few Years.
There have been only two spikes in India in April 2004 when the UPA government came to
power and in May 2006. In India, stock markets will be the most impacted by negative news
flows as other areas where shocks can be absorbed such as the currency, interest rate and
corporate bond markets are not free or well developed. The Capital Market has seen balance
sheet value being unlocked through monetization of embedded assets, demergers, IPOs, etc.
Indian companies continue to build value in the balance sheet as newer opportunities emerge
through smart capex, inorganic growth and extracting value thru the revenue statement.
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INDIAN
BANKING
INDUSTRY
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While banks and NBFCs predominantly cater for short-term needs, FIs provide mostly medium
and long-term funds.
Role of Bank
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India inherited a weak financial system after Independence in 1947. At end-1947, there were 625
commercial banks in India, with an asset base of Rs. 11.51 billion. Commercial banks mobilized
household savings through demand and term deposits, and disbursed credit primarily to large
corporations. Following Independence, the development of rural India was given the highest
priority. The commercial banks of the country including the IBI had till then confined their
operations to the urban sector and were not equipped to respond to the emergent needs of
economic regeneration of the rural areas. In order to serve the economy in general and the rural
sector in particular, the All India Rural Credit Survey Committee recommended the creation of a
state-partnered and state-sponsored bank by taking over the IBI, and integrating with it, the
former state-owned or state-associate banks. Accordingly, an act was passed in Parliament in
May 1955, and the State Bank of India (SBI) was constituted on July 1, 1955. More than a
quarter of the resources of the Indian banking system thus passed under the direct control of the
State. Subsequently in 1959, the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Bank) Act was passed (SBI
Act), enabling the SBI to take over 8 former State-associate banks as its subsidiaries (later named
Associates).
The GoI also felt the need to bring about wider diffusion of banking facilities and to change the
uneven distribution of bank lending. The proportion of credit going to industry and trade
increased from a high 83% in 1951 to 90% in 1968. This increase was at the expense of some
crucial segment of the economy like agriculture and the small-scale industrial sector. Bank
failures and mergers resulted in a decline in number of banks from 648 (including 97 scheduled
commercial banks or SCBs and 551 non-SCBs) in 1947 to 89 in 1969 (comprising 73 SCBs and
16 non-SCBs). The lop-sided pattern of credit disbursal, and perhaps the spate of bank failures
during the sixties, forced the government to resort to nationalization of banks. In July 1969, the
GoI nationalized 14 scheduled commercial banks (SCBs), each having minimum aggregate
deposits of Rs. 500 million. State-control was considered as a necessary catalyst for economic
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growth and ensuring an even distribution of banking facilities. Subsequently, in 1980, the GoI
nationalised another 6 banks2, each having deposits of Rs. 2,000 million and above.
The nationalization of banks was the culmination of pressures to use the banks as public
instruments of development. The GoI imposed `social control on banks. However, by the 1980s,
it was generally perceived that the operational efficiency of banks was declining. Banks were
characterized by low profitability, high and growing non-performing assets (NPAs), and low
capital base. Average returns on assets were only around 0.15% in the second half of the 1980s,
and capital aggregated an estimated 1.5% of assets. Poor internal controls and the lack of proper
disclosure norms led to many problems being kept under cover. The quality of customer service
did not keep pace with the increasing expectations. In 1991, a fresh era in Indian banking began,
with the introduction of banking sector reforms as part of the overall economic liberalization in
India.
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Strengths:
Weaknesses:
Continued crowding out effect from govt budget deficit, combined with accelerating
private sector credit demands
Ownership restrictions
Constraints on state-owned banks' micro reforms, including HR, staff cut, branch cut
constraints
Opportunities:
Improving secular GDP growth prospects
Establishment of special economic zones likely to promote further industrialization
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Years, if not decades, of catch-up economics low per capita income, educated
workforce
Rapid financial deepening, i.e. loan growth as multiple of nominal GDP growth
Rising consumer spending, consumer credit business
Rising corporate capex, investments
M&A optionality
Threats:
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STRUCTURE
Of
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banking
The banking sector in India functions under the umbrella of the RBIthe regulatory, central
bank. The Reserve Bank of India Act was passed in 1934 and the RBI was constituted in 1935 as
the apex bank. The Banking Regulations Act was passed in 1949. This Act brought the RBI
under government control. Under the Act, the RBI received wide-ranging powers in regards to
establishment of new banks, mergers and amalgamations of banks, opening and closing of
branches of banks, maintaining certain standards of banking business, inspection of banks, etc.
The Act also vested licensing powers and the authority to conduct inspections with the RBI.
Banks in India can broadly be classified as regional rural banks or RRBs, scheduled commercial
banks or SCBs, and co-operative banks. The scope of the report includes the SCBs only3.
The SCBs for the purpose of this comment can be classified into the following three categories:
Public sector banks or PSBs (SBI & its associates, and nationalized banks);
Private sector banks (old and new); and
Foreign banks
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Source: IBA
Source : IBA
In terms of asset size, among Foreign banks Citibank, HSBC and Standard Chartered bank are
leaders with asset base of Rs.45437 cr, Rs.37473 cr and Rs.48412 cr. Resp. in FY 05-06. Among
private sector banks, ICICI Bank is the leader with asset base of Rs.251389 cr followed by
HDFC Bank of size Rs.73506 cr and UTI Bank of size Rs.49731 cr. In terms of asset size,
public sector banks have highest base compared to private and foreign banks. SBI & Associated
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have asset base of Rs.691872 cr while other banks such as BOB, BOI, Canara Bank and PNB
Bank have each more than Rs.100000 cr.
Credit Growth
The bank lending has expanded in a number of emerging market economies, especially in Asia
and Latin America, in recent years. Bank credit to the private sector, in real terms, was rising at a
rate between 10 and 40 per cent in a number of countries by 2005 (BIS, 2006). Several factors
have contributed to the significant rise in bank lending in emerging economies such as strong
growth, excess liquidity in banking systems reflecting easier global and domestic monetary
conditions, and substantial bank restructuring.
The recent surge in bank lending has been associated with important changes on the asset side of
banks balance sheet. First, credit to the business sector - historically the most important
component of banks assets has been weak, while the share of the household sector has
increased sharply in several countries. Second, banks investments in Government securities
increased sharply until 2004-05. As a result, commercial banks continue to hold a very large part
of their domestic assets in the form of Government securities - a process that seems to have
begun in the mid-1990s
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MICRO
FACTORS
Loan Demand:
Over the past three years, Indian Banking Industry has seen sustained strength in credit growth,
which is not just a function of economic buoyancy but also the broad-basing of loan demand.
This has recently been articulated by the central bank too:
A contextual analysis of the co-movement between macroeconomic performance and bank
credit in the current phase of the business cycle suggests that factors other than demand may
also be at work: financial deepening from a low base; structural shifts in supply elasticitys;
rising efficiency of credit markets; and competitive pressures augmenting the overall supply of
credit. (Reserve Bank of India, Monetary Policy Review, October 2006).
Source: RBI
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The slowdown of the mid-1990s hit the banks very hard because corporate, which accounted for
a lions share of bank credit, went into a less profitable and hence a financial restructuring mode.
There was no retail credit then, banks did not focus on Small and Medium Enterprises and farm
lending was done grudgingly, under compulsion. Along with the diversification of the pie that
keeps the tempo of demand intact, after a long time industry has also started demanding higher
levels of credit. In the five years prior to FY05, growth in industrial credit was almost wholly
driven by infrastructure. There is a perceptibly wider participation from other segments during
FY05 and FY06.
If a substantial portion of loan growth gets driven by the banking system taking away market
shares from informal sectors this is clearly happening to farm credit, SMEs and to a limited
extent non-mortgage retail interest rate considerations influencing demand will be relatively
low. SMEs and the rural folk have accessed credit from other sources at exorbitant interest rates,
and hence banks rates going by 200-300bps is not so meaningful. That explains the apparent
lack of correlation between rates that have been rising and loan demand.
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Loan growth-NPL
The asset price deflation (read real estate prices) may hurting banks asset quality has been blown
out of proportion.
Residential mortgages:
It is very unlikely in near term that there can be a large-scale increase in delinquencies on loans
taken for the first house (typically self-occupied); unless there is a household income problem, it
does not matter to the borrower whether the price of the house he is staying in is rising or falling.
Even then, with an average loan-to-value of 75%, a 25% fall is theoretically not possible. LTV
ratios had gone up to more risky levels at the peak of the mortgage boom.
Problems can arise more frequently for loans taken for the second house, typically for
investment/speculation. Banks have been reluctant to disclose the exact volume of second houses
financed. Most banks claim that it is in the range of 2-5% of incremental mortgage lending.
There is a possibility that some individuals have been hiding from banks the fact that they
already have one more loan, but this is becoming increasingly difficult with a credit bureau now
in full swing. Even if the assumption that 10% of the outstanding mortgages are for the second
house and all of that goes bad, it will mean 1% of the banking systems loans go bad.
Commercial real estate: According to figures disclosed by the RBI itself, real estate loans
constituted 2.0% of gross non-food credit of banks as of end-June 2006. Even if it has been
growing at high percentage rates is not material as the base was very low. In any case, by
increasing standard assets provisioning on these loans to 100bps from 25bps, risk weights from
100% to 150% and instructing banks not to lend unless the developer has all the permissions.
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One stark example of this is the largest bank SBI itself. In the mid 1990s, SBIs portfolio was
distributed between large corporate, farm credit and trade, with little coming from others. The
Sep06 portfolio looks dramatically different.
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fact that manufactured product inflation has been rising. Even the RBI has recently commented
on the increased ability of manufacturers to pass on cost increases. And with a considerably de-
leveraged corporate India compared with the early/mid 1990s, these levels of increases in interest
costs have been easily absorbed by companies.
Technology:
The trend in banking is changing from computerization of branches to laying a common platform
by having a core banking solution in all the branches. At the same time, Indian banks are looking
at internet banking which promises to grow into an alternate self-service channel. As the mindset
of the Indian customer undergoes a change, Indian banks need to encompass the extension of all
the services that are required and dictated by customers. In future, banks will need to focus on
value-differentiating services by keeping in-Houser their competitive advantages while
partnering with others who complement its services. The emergence of peer-to-peer money
transmission mechanisms (such as Western Union Money Transfer) poses a challenge to current
role of bankers and emphasizes the role of robust payment systems like RTGS in maintaining
and promoting financial stability.
Areas of Improvement:
Few challenges associated with technology adoption by banks are:
Indian banks still dont have the robust systems required for efficient functioning
of online banking. RBI has provided guidelines relating to security and other
issues and hopefully, online banking will see a surge in the usage from current 1%
to at least 10% in the next couple of years.
Banks need to explore newer channels such as SMS, WAP and 3G mobile
telephony applications to facilitate online access to customers.
Banks, in a drive to carry on with tremendous expansion in terms of customer
base, needs to have employees who are well informed about products and services
and are comfortable with technology which requires extensive training.
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Potential Pitfalls:
Banks should not get overwhelmed by the concept of automation and online banking. The banks
need to realize that they need to maintain different delivery for different generations. Banks still
need to maintain brick-and-mortar locations that people feel comfortable with.
VALUATION
TOOLS
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ICICI Bank:
Business
ICICI Bank was promoted in 1994 by ICICI Ltd., an Indian development financial institution.
The two entities subsequently merged to become the largest commercial bank in the private
sector. A new generation bank, ICICI Bank started with all the latest technologies to hit the
Indian banking industry in the second half of the nineties. All its branches are fully computerized
with the state-of-the-art technology and systems, networked through VSAT technology. The bank
is connected to the SWIFT International network. In 2005, it expanded its network to 562
branches and 1,910 ATMs. It continued to expand its electronic channels, namely internet
banking, mobile banking, call centers and ATMs, and migrate customer transaction volumes to
these channels. Over 70% of customer induced transactions take place through these electronic
channels. It has acquired a small Russian banking entity, Investitsionno-Kreditny Bank (IKB),
which will help boost its corporate business and deposit franchise overseas. The bank has also
built several strategic alliances with banks like Wells Fargo in USA, Lloyds TSB in UK and DBS
in Singapore.
ICICI has entered into strategic alliance with Prudential plc. of UK for its mutual find
business. The duo has been fairly aggressive through their companies, Prudential ICICI
Asset Management Company Limited and Prudential ICICI Trust Limited. The bank is
also keen to offer its services to the Indian agricultural sector. Over 2,000 Internet kiosks
and 70 agri-desks have been established in locations with large agricultural markets.
Developments
ICICI Bank launched `Mutual Fund Sweep Account` - an automatic sweeping facility
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which allows current account holders to park their short-term surpluses into liquid mutual
funds and earn higher returns. Initially, ICICI Bank current account customers will have
the facility to invest their account surpluses in the liquid fund schemes of Prudential
ICICI Asset Management Company and GIC Mutual Fund.
The bank is in the process of the reverse merger of ICICI with ICICI Bank. The merger of
two wholly-owned subsidiaries of ICICI, ICICI Personal Financial Services Limited and
ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank is also underway.
ICRA has assigned an A1+ rating, indicating highest safety in the short-term, to the Rs
500 crore certificates of deposit (CD) programme of ICICI Bank Ltd (IBL). The rating
agency said in its report that the rating takes into consideration IBL`s strategic
importance to its parent ICICI, IBL`s comfortable profitability and capital adequacy,
good control on asset quality.
ICICI Bank has tied up with MasterCard International to launch ICICI Bank MasterCard
credit cards. At present ICICI Banks credit card base stands at around 5, 50,000, while
for debit cards it is 4,50,000. ICICI Bank is the largest card issuer in the market. The
bank is adding credit and debit cards at the rate of 1,00,000 per month. The bank had
launched the credit card business 2 years back, while the debit card business is relatively
new.
ICICI Bank is India's second-largest bank with total assets of Rs. 3,562.28 billion (US$ 77
billion) at December 31, 2009 and profit after tax Rs. 30.19 billion (US$ 648.8 million) for the
nine months ended December 31, 2009. The Bank has a network of 1,646 branches and about
4,883 ATMs in India and presence in 18 countries. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking
products and financial services to corporate and retail customers through a variety of delivery
channels and through its specialised subsidiaries and affiliates in the areas of investment
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banking, life and non-life insurance, venture capital and asset management. The Bank currently
has subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, Russia and Canada, branches in United States,
Singapore, Bahrain, Hong Kong, Sri Lanka, Qatar and Dubai International Finance Centre and
representative offices in United Arab Emirates, China, South Africa, Bangladesh, Thailand,
Malaysia and Indonesia. Our UK subsidiary has established branches in Belgium and Germany.
ICICI Bank's equity shares are listed in India on Bombay Stock Exchange and the National Stock
Exchange of India Limited and its American Depositary Receipts (ADRs) are listed on the New
York Stock Exchange (NYSE).
HDFC Bank:
HDFC Bank Ltd was set up in 1994 by Indias leading housing finance company Housing
Development Finance Corporation (HDFC). The bank offers a wide range of services which can
be classified into three categories namely, treasury, wholesale banking and retail banking
services. The bank has a distribution network of 535 (in 228 cities) and 1,323 ATMs and a
customer base of 9.6 million as of March 2006.
Under wholesale banking, it provides working capital finance, trade services, transactional
services and cash management. Treasury function includes foreign exchange & derivatives,
money market securities and equities. Retail loan products are auto loans, personal loans and
loans for two-wheelers. It also provides depository participant services for retail customers. It
was the first Indian bank which launched an international debit card.
With products including the Kisan Gold Card, rural supply chain initiatives and commodity
finance covering the entire agriculture financing cycle, the banks agriculture lending increased
by over 60% during the year. The proportion of NPA`s to total advances increased to 0.4 per cent
from 0.3 per cent last year. This marginal increase is because of the changing mix of loans as
HDFC Bank has a high share of auto loans.
The banks focus on semi-urban and under banked markets continued with more than half of its
retail loans being given in non-metro markets. The banks total capital adequacy ratio (CAR) as
on March 31, 2006 stood at 11.41%
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Indian Banking System 2017
The authorized capital of HDFC Bank is Rs.450 crore (Rs.4.5 billion). The paid-up capital is
Rs.311.9 crore (Rs.3.1 billion). The HDFC Group holds 22.1% of the bank's equity and about
19.4% of the equity is held by the ADS Depository (in respect of the bank's American Depository
Shares (ADS) Issue). Roughly 31.3% of the equity is held by Foreign Institutional Investors
(FIIs) and the bank has about 190,000 shareholders. The shares are listed on the Stock Exchange,
Mumbai and the National Stock Exchange. The bank's American Depository Shares are listed on
the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol "HDB".
Technology:
HDFC Bank operates in a highly automated environment in terms of information technology and
communication systems. All the bank's branches have online connectivity, which enables the
bank to offer speedy funds transfer facilities to its customers. Multi-branch access is also
provided to retail customers through the branch network and Automated Teller Machines
(ATMs).
The Bank has made substantial efforts and investments in acquiring the best technology available
internationally, to build the infrastructure for a world class bank. The Bank's business is
supported by scalable and robust systems which ensure that our clients always get the finest
services we offer.
The Bank has prioritised its engagement in technology and the internet as one of its key goals
and has already made significant progress in web-enabling its core businesses. In each of its
businesses, the Bank has succeeded in leveraging its market position, expertise and technology to
create a competitive advantage and build market share.
Business:
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HDFC Bank offers a wide range of commercial and transactional banking services and treasury
products to wholesale and retail customers. The bank has three key business segments:
Wholesale Banking Services:
The Bank's target market ranges from large, blue-chip manufacturing companies in the
Indian corporate to small & mid-sized corporates and agri-based businesses. For these
customers, the Bank provides a wide range of commercial and transactional banking
services, including working capital finance, trade services, transactional services, cash
management, etc. The bank is also a leading provider of structured solutions, which
combine cash management services with vendor and distributor finance for facilitating
superior supply chain management for its corporate customers.
Based on its superior product delivery / service levels and strong customer orientation,
the Bank has made significant inroads into the banking consortia of a number of leading
Indian corporates including multinationals, companies from the domestic business houses
and prime public sector companies. It is recognised as a leading provider of cash
management and transactional banking solutions to corporate customers, mutual funds,
stock exchange members and banks.
Retail Banking Services:
The objective of the Retail Bank is to provide its target market customers a full range of
financial products and banking services, giving the customer a one-stop window for all
his/her banking requirements. The products are backed by world-class service and
delivered to customers through the growing branch network, as well as through
alternative delivery channels like ATMs, Phone Banking, NetBanking and Mobile
Banking.
The HDFC Bank Preferred program for high net worth individuals, the HDFC Bank Plus
and the Investment Advisory Services programs have been designed keeping in mind
needs of customers who seek distinct financial solutions, information and advice on
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various investment avenues. The Bank also has a wide array of retail loan products
including Auto Loans, Loans against marketable securities, Personal Loans and Loans for
Two-wheelers. It is also a leading provider of Depository Participant (DP) services for
retail customers, providing customers the facility to hold their investments in electronic
form.
HDFC Bank was the first bank in India to launch an International Debit Card in
association with VISA (VISA Electron) and issues the Mastercard Maestro debit card as
well. The Bank launched its credit card business in late 2001. By March 2009, the bank
had a total card base (debit and credit cards) of over 13 million. The Bank is also one of
the leading players in the merchant acquiring business with over 70,000 Point-of-sale
(POS) terminals for debit / credit cards acceptance at merchant establishments. The Bank
is well positioned as a leader in various net based B2C opportunities including a wide
range of internet banking services for Fixed Deposits, Loans, Bill Payments, etc.
Treasury
Within this business, the bank has three main product areas - Foreign Exchange and
Derivatives, Local Currency Money Market & Debt Securities, and Equities. With the
liberalisation of the financial markets in India, corporates need more sophisticated risk
management information, advice and product structures. These and fine pricing on
various treasury products are provided through the bank's Treasury team. To comply with
statutory reserve requirements, the bank is required to hold 25% of its deposits in
government securities. The Treasury business is responsible for managing the returns and
market risk on this investment portfolio.
Management:
Mr. Jagdish Capoor took over as the bank's Chairman in July 2001. Prior to this, Mr. Capoor was
a Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. The Managing Director, Mr. Aditya Puri, has
been a professional banker for over 25 years, and before joining HDFC Bank in 1994 was
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Indian Banking System 2017
SBI :
State Bank of India (SBI) is the largest bank in India. It is also, measured by the number of
branch offices and employees, the largest bank in the world. Established in 1806 as Bank of
Bengal, it remains the oldest commercial bank in the Indian Subcontinent and also the most
successful one providing various domestic, international and NRI products and services, through
its vast network in India and overseas. With an asset base of $126 billion and its reach, it is a
regional banking behemoth. The bank was nationalized in 1955 with the Reserve Bank of India
having a 60% stake. It has laid emphasis on reducing the huge manpower through Golden
handshake schemes and computerizing its operations.
State Bank of India has often acted as guarantor to the Indian Government, most notably during
Chandra Shekhar's tenure as Prime Minister of India. With more than 9400 branches and a
further 4000+ associate bank branches, the SBI has extensive coverage. State Bank of India has
electronically networked most of its metropolitan, urban and semi-urban branches under Core
Banking System(CBS). The bank has the largest ATM network in the country having more than
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Indian Banking System 2017
5600 in number [1]. The State Bank of India has had steady growth over its history, though it
was marred by the Harshad Mehta scam in 1992.Following its arch-rival ICICI Bank, the bank
has started Core banking process by which more than 4400+ branched have been completed so
far. In recent years, the bank has sought to expand its overseas operations by buying foreign
banks. It is the only Indian bank to feature in the top 100 world banks in the Fortune Global 500
rating and various other rankings. According to the Forbes 2000 listing it tops all Indian
companies.
Group companies
According to PM Network, State Bank of India launched a project in 2002 to network more than
14,000 domestic and 70 foreign offices and branches. The first and the second phases of the
project have already been completed and the third phase is still in progress. As of December
2006, over 10,000 branches have been covered.The new infrastructure serves as the bank's
backbone, carrying all applications, such as the IP telephone network, ATM network, Internet
banking and internal e-mail. The new infrastructure has enabled the bank to further grow its
ATM network with plans to add another 3,000 by the end of 2008 raising the total number to
8,600.
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MAJOR
FINDINGS
MAJOR FINDINGS
Major Macro Economic Factors include Gross Domestic Product which has grown by over
8% in 2005-06, FDI Confidence Index where India stands II in the world, Inflation which has
slow down due to falling crude prices, Gross Fiscal Deficit Interest Rate the UPA government
is confident to achieve the budgeted targets, Rising Oil prices & Exchange Rate Indian
government and oil companies are relax as oil prices have fallen beside Indian Rupee has
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Indian Banking System 2017
strengthen against USD, EURO and Yen and Capital Market the year is booming for market
with FII and mutual fund are pumping money increasing BSE Sensex returns over 50%.
In June 2006, Indian Banking System is spread through 66000 branches with an asset base of
about $270 billion. There are 87 Scheduled Commercial Banks operating in India including 8
Bank of SBI & Associates, 20 Nationalized Banks, 29 Private Banks and 30 Foreign Banks. In
terms of asset size, public sector banks have highest base compared to private and foreign banks.
SBI & Associated have asset base of Rs.691872 cr. Bank group-wise, new private sector banks
grew at the highest rate during 2005-06 (43.2 per cent), followed by foreign banks (31.2 per
cent), public sector banks (13.6 per cent) and old private sector banks (12.2 per cent).
As a result, the relative significance of PSBs declined significantly with their share in total assets
of SCBs declining to 72.3 per cent at end-March 2006 from 75.3 per cent at end-March 2005,
while that of new private sector banks increasing to 15.1 per cent from 12.5 per cent.
Credit to the priority sector increased by 33.7 per cent in 2005-06 as against 40.3 per cent in the
previous year. The agriculture and housing sectors were the major beneficiaries, which together
accounted for more than two-third of incremental priority sector lending in 2005-06. Credit to
small scale industries also accelerated. Retail loans, which witnessed a growth of over 40.0 per
cent in 2004-05 and again in 2005-06, have been the prime driver of the credit growth in recent
years. Retail loans as a percentage of gross advances increased from 22.0 per cent in March 2004
to 25.5 per cent in March 2006.
ICICI Bank is the leading market player with change in loans market share in FY02-06 of over
5% and change in deposits market share in FY 02-06 is nearby 2.5%. HDFC Bank and UTI Bank
are also in high growth phase. The laggards are SBI Bank, Bank of Baroda Bank, Bank of India
and Punjab National Bank.
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Indian Banking System 2017
Loan Demand in which the Indian Banking Industry has seen sustained strength in credit
growth (a 30% increase in Oct 2006, of which 58% growth has seen in service sector and
100% in real estate sector).
Rising funding costs with soft lending rates Deposits has seen a growth of 22% of
which household savings contribute to 43%, credit spread increase to 3.3% and Yield on
government bonds reduced to 7.75% due to rising interest cost
Non Performing Loans (NPLs) - The Total bank loans stood at Rs 15,231.7bn, of which
housing loans are Rs. 1719.2bn. However, the Industrys share of total credit has dropped
to 40%
Technology - Indian banks still dont have the robust systems required for efficient
functioning of online banking and Banks need to explore newer channels such as SMS,
WAP and 3G mobile telephony applications to facilitate online access to customers.
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conclusion
CONCLUSION
The project involves valuation of major Indian Banks including ICICI Bank, SBI and HDFC
Bank. The methodology followed is Target Pricing, which including estimating growth rate by
regression on historical sales to forecast next year sales, earning and Profit and Loss account.
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Then EPS is calculated which is multiplied to Historical P/E to forecast intrinsic value of share.
All shares are undervalued and expected to give positive risk adjusted returns to investors. Since
the intrinsic value is more than current market price for all the companies, the share can be
recommended to conservative investors.
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BIBLIOGRAPH
Y
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Indian Banking System 2017
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Company Reports
IMF Working Paper - Competition in Indian Banking by A. Prasad and Saibal Ghosh
Reserve Bank of India, 2008, Annual Policy Statement for the year 2007-08 (Mumbai).
Reserve Bank of India (a), Various Years, Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in
India (Mumbai).
Reserve Bank of India (b), Various Years, Statistical Tables Relating to Banks in India
(Mumbai).
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