An UJT used for triggering a SCR has the supply

voltage VBB = 25 V. The intrinsic stand off-ratio 1.44 1.44

f = (+2) = = 12 kHz
(4000+2(4000))(0.016)
n = 0.75. The UJT will conduct when the bias
voltage VE is
Calculate the drain current and source to drain
25
voltage of a common source circuit. Device
25VF
parameters VDD=+5V, R1=50k, R2=50k,
>=18.75 V
RD=7.5k, VT=0.8 V and k=0.2mA/V2.
33.3 V
>= 19.35 V
Solution:
VG = VDD xR2/ R1+R2 = 5(50) / 50+50 =2.5
VE >= nVBB + 0.6
VGS = 2.5 5 = -2.5 V
VE >= 0.75 (25) + 0.6
VE >= 19.35 V
Where: ID=k(VGS-VT)2 = 0.2x10-3((-2.5V)-(0.8V))2
= 0.578mA
An average-reading digital multimeter reads 10
V when fed with a triangular wave, symmetric
VSD = VDD IDRD = 5V-(0.578x10-3)(7.5x103) =
about the time axis. For the same input an rms-
0.0665V
reading meter will read

20 3 For an op-amp having a slew rate of 2 V/us,

10 3 what is the maximum closed-loop voltage gain
15 3 that can be used when the input signal varies
25 3 by 0.5 V in 10 us?

Vrms = Vpeak /3 ; Vave = Vpeak /2 a. 10

Vrms = 2Vave /3 = 2(10) /3 b. 20
Vrms = 20 3 c. 30
d. 40
The boost regulator has a input voltage of 5V =

and output voltage of 15V. The average load = =
current is 0.5A. The switching frequency is 25
/
Khz. If L = 150 H and C = 220 F calculate, the = = =
ripple current of the inductor. .

A certain voltage regulator has a 12 V output

Solution:
when there is no load. When there is a full-
= 1 (Vs / V0 (av))
load current of 10 mA, the output voltage is
= 1 (5 /15) = 0.6667 or 66.67%
11.9 V. What is the voltage regulation? Express
in %/mA.
Io (ripple) = Vs / fL
Io (ripple) = 5x0.6667 / 25x103 x 150x10-6

Io (ripple) = 0.889 A = ( 100%)

12 11.9
A 555 timer is configured to run in astable =( 100%)10
mode with Ra = 4k, Rb = 4k and C = 0.01F. 11.9
= . %/
Determine the frequency of the ouput.

Solution:
A class C amplifier is driven by a 200 kHz signal.
The transistor is on for 1us, and the amplifier is
operating over 100 percent of its load line. If
IC(sat) = 100 mA and VCE(sat) = 0.2 V, what is the
average power dissipation of the transistor?
The metal tag of a power transistor operating at
2.2 W is at 90 degree Celsius. It is bolted to a
heat sink and the ambient temperature (inside
the circuit enclosure) is 35 degree Celsius. What
is the thermal resistance of the heat sink?

a. 20mW b. 2mW c. 40mW d. 4mW Thermal resistance = (90-35)/2.2 = 25 C/W

1 The gate source of an n-channel depletion-

= = 5
200 mode JFET are connected together. What value
of will ensure that this two terminal device
is biased in the saturation region. What is the
() = ( ) () ()
drain current for the bias condition?
= (0.2)(100 )(0.2 )
= 4 2
a. (1 ) (1 + )

2
c. (1
)
The nominal output voltage of a certain b.
regulator is 8 V. The output changes 2 mV
d. (1 + )
when the input voltage foes from 12 V to 18 V.
Determine the line regulation and express it in
units of %/V. ANSWER:
b.
( ) 100%
=

(2 mV8 ) 100%
= Determine the unity-gain bandwidth of an FET.
(12 V 18 V) Consider on n-channel MOSFET with
= . %/
parameters Kn = 1.5 2 , = 0.4, A=0, Cgd
What is VOUT for a transistor log amplifier with = 10fF and Cgs = 50fF. Assume the transistor is
VIN = 3 V and R1 = 68 k? Assume IEBO = 40 nA. biased of = 0.8.

= 2 ( ) = 2(1.5)(. 8 .4)
= (0.025 ) ( )
1 = 1.2
3
= (0.025 ) ( ) 1.2 103
(40 )(68 ) = =
= 175.1 2( + ) 2(50 + 10) 1013
= 3.18 109
The current in a coil begins to fall at the rate of
6 A/s. If L = 840 mH, what emf is produced in
the coil? Determine what maximum dissipation will be
allowed for an 80-W silicon transistor (rated
VL = L(di/dt) = 840mH(6A/s) at25) if the reading is required above 25 by
VL = 5.04V a derating factor of 0.5W/ at case
temperature of 125.
 (125) = (125 25)(0.5/)
= 80 100(0.5 /) = Calculate the efficiency of a transformer-
coupled class A amplifier for a supply of 12 V
Calculate the efficiency of a class B amplifier for and outputs of 6V.
a supply of Vcc = 24 V with peak output voltages
of VL (p) = 22 V. = + () = 12 + 6 = 18
= () = 12 6 = 6
() 22
% = 78.54 % = 78.54 ( ) = 72 % 18 6 2
24 % = 50 ( ) % = 12.5%
18 + 6
A silicon power transistor is operated with a
For a class B amplifier using a supply of Vcc = 30
heat sink ( = 1.5/).the transistor, rated
V and driving a load of 16, determine the
at150 W (25), = 0.5/, and the
maximum output power.
mounting insulation has = 0.6/. What
maximum power can be dissipated if the
Maximum ;
ambient temperature is 40 =
2 2 2(30 )2
200? () = = = 35.81
(16)

= For a class B amplifier using a supply of Vcc = 30
+ +
V and driving a load of 16, determine the
200 40
= . transistor dissipation
0.5/ + 0.6/ + 1.5/
Maximum;
Calculate the filter dc Voltage of a full-wave
rectifier with a 100-F filter capacitor 2 2 2
connected to a load drawing to a load drawing = 2
= 0.5 ( 2 )

50 mA if the peak rectifier voltage is 30 V. 2(30 )2
= 0.5 [ 2 ] = 5.7
16
4.17 4.17(50)
= = 30 = 27.9
100 Calculate the efficiency of a class B amplifier for
a supply of Vcc = 24 V with peak output voltages
Calculate the ripple of a capacitor filter for a of VL (p) = 22 V.
peak rectified voltage of 30 V, capacitor C= () 22
100F, and a load current of 50 mA. % = 78.54 % = 78.54 ( ) = 72 %
24
2.41 2.4(50)
= 100% = 100%
100(27.9) Which of the following is required to start
= 4.3% oscillation?
For an op-amp having a slew rate of SR = 2V/s,
what is the maximum closed loop voltage gain *Both BA > 1 and the phase shift around the
that can be used when the input signal varies by feedback network must be 180 degrees.
0.5 V in 10 s?
Determine the output voltage of an op-amp for
input voltages of Vi1 = 150 V and Vi2 = 140 V.
The amplifier has a differential gain of Ad =4000
and the value of CMRR is 100.

Vo = Ad Vd ( 1 + (1/CMMR) (Vc/Vd))
 = 4000 (10V) ( 1 + (1/100) (145V / 10V)) |2 | 0.25
%2 = 100% = 100%
= 45.8mV |1 | 2.5
= %
If an amplifier with gain of -1000 and feedback |3 | 0.1
%3 = | | 100% = 2.5 100% = %
of =-0.1 has a gain change of 20% due to 1

temperature; calculate the change in gain of the | | 0.05

feedback amplifier %4 = |4 | 100% = 2.5
100% = %
1

1 1
| | || | | = |0.1(1000)|(20%) = 0.2%

% = 22 + 32 + 42 100%
Determine the thermal voltage of a diode at
27C (common temperatures for components in
= (0.10)2 + (0.04)2 + (0.02)2 100%
an enclosed operating system)
= 0.1095 100% =. %
Vt =kT/q=(1.38x10-23J/K)(273+17)/1.6x10-19C
= 26mV

What is the wavelength of the light produced by

an LED with an energy gap level of 1.43 eV?
An 8 bit DAC has a full scale output of 2 mA and
full scale error of 0.5%. If input is 10000000
=hc/Eg =(6.626x10-34Js*3x108m/s)
the range of outputs is
/(1.43eV*1.6x10-19J/eV)
A. 994 to 1014 A
= 869nm
B. 990 to 1020 A
C. 800 to 1200 A
For a class B amplifier providing a 20- V peak
D.none of the above
to a 16- load (speaker) and a power supply of
Vcc = 30 V, determine the circuit efficiency.

() 20 Answer: Option A
() = = = 1.25
16
2 2 Explanation:
= () = (1.25 ) = 0.796
() = = (30 )(0.796 ) = 23.9 10000000 = 128, 11111111 = 255
2 (20 )2
() = 2 = 2(16)
= 12.5

For resulting efficiency of If there is no error, output = =

() 12.5 1004A.
% = 100% = 100% = =
( 23.9
52.3%
Maximum error =
Calculate the total harmonic distortion for the
following amplitude components: fundamental Hence range of output 994 to 1014 A.
amplitude of 2.5 V, second harmonic amplitude
of 0.25 V, third harmonic amplitude of 0.1 V,
and fourth harmonic amplitude of 0.05 V.
In the below figure the average load current is
15 A. The rms value of transformer secondary
current is A two winding transformer is feeding a single
phase half wave rectifier circuit. The load is
purely resistive. The rms value of transformer
secondary current is Is and rms value of load
current in Irms. Then
I = I irrespective of the value of firing
A. s rms
angle
I = 0.5 Irms irrespective of the value of firing
B. s
angle
C. Is = Irms if firing angle is less than 30
D.Is = Irms if firing angle is more than 30

Answer: Option A
A. 15 A
B. 10.61 A Explanation:
C. 7.5 A
D.14.14 A

Answer: Option B .

Explanation:
An SUS is
A.exactly similar to SCR but with higher rating
B. similar to UJT
RMS secondary current = = 15/1.414 =
PUT and avalanche diode connected in anti
10.608 A. C.
parallel
SCR and avalanche diode connected in
D.
parallel
An SCR is triggered at 40 in the positive half
cycle only. The average anode current is 50 A. If Answer: Option C
the firing angle is changed to 80, the average
anode current is likely to be
A.50 A The symbol in figure is for
B. 25 A
C. less than 50 A but more than 25 A
D.less than 25 A

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

A.SUS
B. SBS
C. SCS
D.Shockley diode

Answer: Option B
 D.zero value
A TRIAC can be turned on : Answer & Explanation
A.by applying a positive signal to gate
B. by applying a negative signal to gate Answer: Option A
by applying either positive or negative signal
C.
to gate
D.none of the above

Answer: Option C

Assertion (A): When the anode current of an

SCR starts increasing during turn on process, the
anode cathode voltage drop starts decreasing.

Reason (R): During turn on the reverse biased

junction in SCR breaksdown. Which method bypasses the CPU for certain
Both A and R are correct and R is correct types of data transfer?
A. A.Software interrupts
explanation of A
Both A and R correct but R is not correct B. Interrupt-driven I/O
B. C. Polled I/O
explanation of A
C. A is correct but R is wrong D.Direct memory access (DMA)
D.A is wrong but R is correct

Answer: Option A Which of the following is not an enhancement to

Assertion (A): SUS is a PUT and avalanche
diode connected between gate and cathode
Reason (R): SBS has two SUS inbuilt together
and connected in anti-parallel
Both A and R are correct and R is correct
A.
explanation of A
Both A and R correct but R is not correct
B.
explanation of A
C. A is correct but R is wrong
D. A is wrong but R is correct
Answer: Option B
the Pentium that was unavailable in the
8086/8088?
A."Pipelined" architecture
B. Expansion of cache memory
C. Inclusion of an internal math coprocessor
D.Data/address line multiplexing
Which of the following is not a basic element
within the microprocessor?
A.Microcontroller
B. Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
C. Register array
D.Control unit

Which bus is bidirectional?

A.Address bus
B. Control bus
In a power diode the reverse recovery time is the C.Data bus
time from the instant the forward current is zero D.None of the above
to the instant when reverse recovery current has
decayed to
A.50% of peak reverse current DMA is particularly suited for data transfer
B. 25% of peak reverse current between the ________.
C. 10% of peak reverse current A.disk drive and CPU
B. disk drive and RAM D.the polling rate is below 1000 s
C. disk drive and ROM
D.disk drive and I/O
Which of the following is not an arithmetic
instruction?
The first microprocessor had a(n)________. A.INC (increment)
A.1-bit data bus B. CMP (compare)
B. 2-bit data bus C. DEC (decrement)
C.4-bit data bus D.ROL (rotate left)
D.8-bit data bus

The first Intel microprocessor to contain on-

Which microprocessor has multiplexed data and board cache memory was the ________.
address lines? A.80386
A.8086/8088 B. 80286 B. 80486
C. 80386 D.Pentium C. Pentium
D.Pentium Pro

Which is not an operand?

A.Variable Which of the following is not an 8086/8088
B. Register general-purpose register?
C. Memory location A.Code segment (CS)
D.Assembler B. Data segment (DS)
C. Stack segment (SS)
D.Address segment (AS)
Which is not part of the execution unit (EU)?
A.Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
B. Clock With interrupt-driven I/O, if two or more
C. General registers devices request service at the same time,
D.Flags ________.
A.the device closest to the CPU gets priority
B. the device that is fastest gets priority
Which of the following is not a jump the device assigned the highest priority is
instruction? C.
serviced first
A.JB (jump back) D.the system is likely to crash
B. JA (jump above)
C. JO (jump if overflow)
D.JMP (unconditional jump) The Pentium microprocessor has a data bus of
________.
A.16 bits
Which of the following was not a design B. 32 bits
improvement for the 8086/8088 over the 8085? C.64 bits
A.Execution unit (EU) D.128 bits
B. 16-bit data bus
C.Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
D.Bus interface unit (BIU) The devices that provide the means for a
computer to communicate with the user or other
computers are referred to as:
Polled I/O works best when ________. A.CPU
A.there are no priority considerations B. ALU
B. priority considerations are frequent C.I/O
C. the polling rate exceeds 1000 s D.none of the above
 operand, register, and arithmetic/logic unit
A.
(ALU)
The circuits in the 8085A that provide the control and timing, register, and
arithmetic and logic functions are called the: B.
arithmetic/logic unit (ALU)
A.CPU C. control and timing, register, and memory
B. ALU arithmetic/logic unit (ALU), memory, and
C. I/O D.
input/output
D.none of the above

The 8085A is a(n):

How many buses are connected as part of the A.16-bit parallel CPU
8085A microprocessor?
B. 8-bit serial CPU
A.2 B. 3
C. 5 D.8 C.8-bit parallel CPU
D.none of the above

The ________ ensures that only one IC is active

at a time to avoid a bus conflict caused by two How is a J-K flip-flop made to toggle?
ICs writing different data to the same bus. A.J = 0, K = 0
A.control bus B. J = 1, K = 0
B. control instructions C. J = 0, K = 1
C.address decoder D.J = 1, K = 1
D.CPU

The timing network that sets the output

The technique of assigning a memory address to frequency of a 555 astable circuit contains
each I/O device in the computer system is ________.
called:
A.three external resistors are used
A.memory-mapped I/O
B. ported I/O two external resistors and an external
B.
C. dedicated I/O capacitor are used
D.wired I/O an external resistor and two external
C.
capacitors are used
no external resistor or capacitor is
The register in the 8085A that is used to keep D.
required
track of the memory address of the next op-code
to be run in the program is the:
A.stack pointer Which of the following is correct for a gated
B. program counter D flip-flop?
C. instruction pointer The output toggles if one of the inputs is
D.accumulator A.
held HIGH.
Only one of the inputs can be HIGH at a
B.
The 8085A is a(n): time.
A.16-bit parallel CPU The output complement follows the input
C.
B. 8-bit serial CPU when enabled.
C.8-bit parallel CPU Q output follows the input D when the
D.none of the above D.
enable is HIGH.

Which of the following are the three basic

sections of a microprocessor unit?
A horizontal force of 5N is required to maintain a B. 0.2142 D. 0.3029
velocity of 2 m/s for an object with mass of 10 kg

sliding on a certain rough surface. What is the work =1- = 0.5109

done by a horizontal force in 1 minute?
A rigid contains a hot fluid that is cooled while being
A. 589 J C. 600 J
stirred by a paddle wheel. Initially, the internal energy
B. 590 J D. 602 J
of the fluid is 850 kJ. During the cooling process, the
fluid losses 550 kJ of heat, and the paddle wheel does
Distance = Vt = (2m/s)(60s) = 120 m
200 kJ of work on the fluid. Determine the final
W = Fd = (5)(120) = 600 J
energy of the fluid. Neglect the energy stored in the
paddle wheel.
A piston cylinder device contains a liquid-vapor
mixture of water at 400K. During a constant pressure
A. 250 kJ C. 500 kJ
process, 700 KJ of heat is transferred to the water. As
B. 324 kJ D. 600 kJ
a result, part of the liquid in the cylinder vaporizes.
Q = U + W
200 kJ = ( U2 850 kJ) + 550 kJ
A. 1.57 kJ/K C. 5.17 kJ/K
U2 = 500 kJ
B. 1.75 kJ/K D. 7.15 kJ/K

S = Q/T = 700kJ/400K = 1.75 kJ/K

Consider a person standing in breezy room at 22C.
Determine the total rate of heat transfer from this
person if the exposed surface area and the average
outer surface temperature of the person are 1.2 m2
and 33C, respectively, and the convection heat
transfer coefficient is 5 W/m2-C. ( e = 0.95)
A. 143.2 J/s C. 123.56 J/s
B. 167.21 J/s D. 170.25 J/s
Qconvection= hA (Ts-Tp); Qconvection= 66 W
Qradiation= eA (Ts4 Tp4); Qradiation= 77.2 W
Qtotal= 66 W + 77.2 W = 143.2 J/s
A piston cylinder device initially contains 0.8 m2 of
air at 110 kPa and 80C. The air is now compressed
to 0.2 m3 in such a way that the temperature inside
the cylinder remains constant. Determine the work
done during this process.
A. 125 kJ C. 122 kJ
B. 214 kJ D. 302 J
W = P1V1ln (V2/V1) ; 122kJ
Heat is transferred to a heat engine from a furnace at
a rate of 92 MW. If the rate of the waste heat
rejection to a nearby river is 45 MW, determine the
thermal efficiency for this heat engine.
A. 0.5109 C. 0.1258
A 4-in wall of fire brick, k = 9 Btu / (ft2-hr-F/in), has
one surface at 300F, the other at 90F. Find the heat
conducted through the area of 2ft2 in 1 day.
A. 22,860 Btu C. 22,068 Btu
B. 22,680 Btu D. 22,806 Btu
Q = kAt = (9 Btu / ft2-hr-F/in) (2ft2)(24-hr)(
30090
/) = 22,680 Btu
4
If 80 g of iron shot at 100C is dropped into 200 g if
water at 20C contained in an iron vessel of mass 50
g, find the resulting temperature.
A. 22C C. 28C
B. 26C D. 24C
Qlost= Qgain
miron shot cironshot Tiron shot = mwater cwater Twater + miron
vessel ciron vessel Tiron vessel
80 (0.12) (100 T2) = 200 (1) (T2-20) + 50 (0.12) (T2-20)
T2 = 24C
During a laboratory experiment, 3 students observed
1 mole of an ideal gas at 273 K. The first student found
that a pressure of 1 Atm, the gas occupies 22.4L.
While the second student found that the gas occupies
the same volume at 760 torr. What is the value of the
gas content if the third student found that the
product of pressure and volume of the said gas is
1200 calories?
 4.4 5.5
A. C.

3.3 2.2
B. D.

.
R= = 1200 cal / (1) (273 K) =

An electron is accelerated to a kinetic energy twice to

rest mass energy. How fast is it travelling?

A. 0.92c C. 0.93c
B. 0.94c D. 0.95c

1
KE = 2moc2 = moc2 ( 2
1)
12

1
2= 2
1
12

1 1
2
= ; v = 0.94c
3
12

In a carnival ride, the passengers travel at constant

speed in a circle of radius 5.0 m. They make one
complete circle in 4.0 s. What is their acceleration?

A. 12 m/s2 C. 15 m/s2
B. 13 m/s2 D. 14 m/s2

V= 2r / t = 2 (5.0m)/4.0s = 7.9 m/s

arad = v2 / r = (7.9 m/s)2 / 5.0 m = 12 m/s2

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