Introduction

Thesis preparation with LATEX

Dr G S Kumarasamy
KCG College of Technology

February 11, 2013

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

What is LATEX?

What is LATEX?
The short and simple answer is that LATEX is a typesetting program.

Various Stages in Document preparation

1. The text is entered into the computer.
2. The input text is formatted into lines, paragraphs and pages.
3. The output text is displayed on the computer screen.
4. The final output is printed.

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Word Processors

Word Processors
In most word processors all these operations are integrated into a single
application package.
But a typesetting program likeTEX is concerned only with the second stage
above.
So to typeset a document using TEX, we type the text of the document and the
necessary formatting commands in a text editor.
After that the document can be viewed using a previewer or printed using a
printer driver.
TEX is also a programming language, so that by learning this language, people
can write code for additional features.

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Introduction

Introduction
TEX is a flexible, complete, and professional typesetting system.
It has been programmed to produce the same document on all machines.
The TEX formatting program is the creation of Donald Knuth of Stanford
University.
It has been implemented on nearly every general purpose computer and
produces exactly the same copy on all machines.

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Environment

LATEX
TEX is a formatter.
A document format is controlled by commands embedded in its text.
The peculiar look to the names indicate that TEX is also a typesetting program.
Each character and rule on the page is precisely positioned.
LATEX is a special version of TEX preloaded with a volumnous set of macros that
simplify most formatting tasks.

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Environment

MiKTEX
MiKTEX is a typesetting system for Microsoft Windows that is developed by
Christian Schenk.
It consists of an implementation of TEX and a set of related programs.
MiKTEX provides the tools necessary to prepare documents using the LATEX
markup language, as well a simple tex editor.

TEXnicCenter
TEXnicCenter is a free open source IDE for the LATEX typesetting language.
It uses the MiKTEX or TEX Live distributions.
It allows the user to type documents in LATEX and to compile them in PDF, DVI or
PS.
A menu gives access to precoded elements and environments (formulas,
symbols, sections).
It also allows for the creation of projects to organize and access the sections and
environments of documents, and to insert a bibliography (using BibTEX) and an
index (using MakeIndex).

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Environment

MiKTEX
MiKTEX is a typesetting system for Microsoft Windows that is developed by
Christian Schenk.
It consists of an implementation of TEX and a set of related programs.
MiKTEX provides the tools necessary to prepare documents using the LATEX
markup language, as well a simple tex editor.

TEXnicCenter
TEXnicCenter is a free open source IDE for the LATEX typesetting language.
It uses the MiKTEX or TEX Live distributions.
It allows the user to type documents in LATEX and to compile them in PDF, DVI or
PS.
A menu gives access to precoded elements and environments (formulas,
symbols, sections).
It also allows for the creation of projects to organize and access the sections and
environments of documents, and to insert a bibliography (using BibTEX) and an
index (using MakeIndex).

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Example

Example
\documentclass{article}
\title{Pooniyin Selvan}
\author{Kalki}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
This is my first \LaTeX\ document.
\end{document}

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Steps
All LATEX files should begin by specifying the kind of document to be produced,
using the command
\documentclass{... }
We can select the size of the font for the normal text in the entire document with
one of the options.
\documentclass[11pt]{article}
The thesis is usually divided into chapters and chapters are divided into sections,
sections into subsections and so on.
LATEX provides the following hierarchy of sectioning commands:
\chapter
\section
\subsection
\subsubsection
\paragraph
\subparagraph

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

More

Tables
Distance from sun
Planet (million km)
Maximum Minimum
Mercury 69.4 46.8
Venus 109.0 107.6
Earth 152.6 147.4
Mars 249.2 207.3
Jupiter 817.4 741.6
Saturn 1512.0 1346.0
Uranus 3011.0 2740.0
Neptune 4543.0 4466.0
Pluto 7346.0 4461.0

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Maths

Maths
Donal Knuth created TEX primarily to typeset Mathematics beautifully. LATEX
includes all the capabilities of TEX in Mathematics typesetting, sometimes with
easier user interfaces.
Then there are packages like amsmath which enhance and refine these
interfaces.
A mathematical expression occurring in running text (called in-text math) is
produced by enclosing it between dollar signs.

Equation
The equation representing a straight line in the Cartesian plane is of the form

ax + by + c = 0

where a, b, c are constants

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Maths

Subscrips and Superscripts

In the seventeenth century, Fermat conjectured that if n > 2, then there are no integers
x, y , z for which
x n + y n = zn.
This was proved in 1994 by Andrew Wiles.
The sequence (xn ) defined by

x1 = 1, x2 = 1, xn = xn1 + xn2 (n > 2)

is called the Fibonacci sequence.

Equation

(a + b)2 = (a + b)(a + b)
= a2 + ab + ba + b2 (1)
2 2
= a + 2ab + b

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Maths
Aligned Equations

cos2 x + sin2 x = 1 cosh2 x sinh2 x = 1

and
cos2 x sin2 x = cos 2x cosh2 x + sinh2 x = cosh 2x

Equation

x if x 0
|x| =
x if x 0

More equation

(a + b + c + d + e + f )2 = a2 + b2 + c 2 + d 2 + e2 + f 2
+ 2ab + 2ac + 2ad + 2ae + 2af
+ 2bc + 2bd + 2be + 2bf
+ 2cd + 2ce + 2cf
+ 2de + 2df
+ 2ef

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Maths

Sequence
The sequence
s r
q q
p p p
2 2, 22 2 2, 23 2 2+ 2, 24 2 2+ 2+ 2+ 2, ...

converge to .

Matrices
A general m n matrix is of the form

a11 a12 . . . a1n

a21 a22 . . . a2n
..........
am1 am2 . . . amn

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Maths

Sequence
For n-tuples of complex numbers (x1 , x2 , . . . , xn ) and (y1 , y2 , . . . , yn ) of complex
numbers X  X X 
n|xk yk | 2 n|xk | n|yk |
k =1 k =1 k =1

Integration
R
Thus lim x sinx x dx =
2
and so by definition,
x 0

Z
sin x
dx =
0
x 2

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Float

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Problem types

What is the Question?

A critical aspect to understanding this view is that almost any problem can be
addressed within any segment.
In other words, it is not necessarily what the customer is looking at, but how he
or she is looking at it, that directs the choice of tool.

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Problem types

A cellphone
A straightforward view of the phone casing might defeature the model by
removing the holes where the keypad goes.
Doing this would make it easier to ask the question: If someone steps on the
phone, will the resulting deflection of the cover damage the circuit board inside?
A harder question would be, If I remove the cover, will the closure tab break off?
A difficult question would be, If I drop the phone, what will happen?
This would also include questions like: Will the call get dropped? which would
entail a linkage between electronics analysis and the mechanical analysis.
A big question for something as small as a cell phone would have the phone
modeled without any defeaturing.
All the holes, fillets, etc., would be in the mesh model, and the mesh would be
very fine; then asking, If I drop it in a certain way, will the cover break?
And a question that would fit the category of automatable could be If I drop it, will
it break?
In this case, many different runs of the same analysis might be necessary, each
with some minor difference in the test conditions, such as the height from which
it fell; onto what type of surface; the phones rotation when it fell; what point on
the phone did it land on; etc.

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Product Simulation Management

Product Simulation Management

MCAE data, results, methods, and processes need to be stored and managed.
Thats what product simulation management (PSM) software is designed to
accomplish.
Other industry terms similar to PSM include simulation lifecycyle management
(SLM , preferred by Dassault Systemes), simulation process management (SPM
, preferred by Siemens PLM), and enterprise simulation management (ESM,
preferred by MSC.Software).
Analysis and simulation processes are often uncoordinated and can produce
large amounts of uncorrelated data.
The purpose of PSM software is to manage simulation and analysis data, input,
intermediate, and output; these systems sometimes tie together different types of
analysis programs from different vendors.
In particular, bringing together physical test data and analysis and simulation
data can be challenging; PSM systems support this process.

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Market map
Degree of Difficulty

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Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Market map
Region of Automation

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Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Market map
Degree of Automation

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Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Market map
Workflow Vs Difficulty for FEA

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Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Market map
Workflow Vs Difficulty for CFD

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Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

2007 CAE Revenues

2007 CAE Revenues

2007 MCAE revenues for the top firms:
ANSYS at $390M
DS at about $250M for the DS analysis business, including COSMOS, Abaqus,
and CATIA Analysis
MSC at $247M
ALTAIR at $140M
Siemens PLM Software at $120-150M
CD-Adapco at about $60M
Moldflow at about $58M
LMS at $30M

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

The future of MCAE

The future of MCAE

The MCAE market is changing.
The center of gravity is shifting from highly technical tools that were strictly the
province of trained specialists to powerful, more accessible products that can be
used by generalist engineers with relatively little expertise in physics.
Even small firms are reporting the reduction and even elimination of physical
prototypes through the use of appropriate modeling and simulation tools.
As MCAE capabilities become even more integrated with mainstream MCAD,
this adoption will only accelerate.
The inexorable increase in computer power is making it possible to make ever
more powerful tools available to all for example, to enhance analysis and
optimization through the use of statistical variables rather than fixed values.

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Questions before evaluating new CAE technologies

Questions before evaluating new CAE technologies

What types of questions are you trying to answer?
Look at your problem sets and ask yourself how they fit into our characterization
of problem classes.
Are they largely straightforward?
What business goals do you expect MCAE to solve for your company?
Examples: reduction in physical tests run, verification of final design integrity
prior to prototype fabrication, to satisfy regulatory requirements etc.,
What is the priority of these goals?
What sorts of physical problems will need to be analyzed or simulated to achieve
these business goals?
Examples: modal analysis; stress and deflection under load; fatigue analysis;
drop testing; noise, vibration, and harness; dynamic loading; fluid dynamics,
conductive heat transfer, convective heat transfer, radiation heat transfer,
manufacturing processes such as stamping and forging, and electric field
simulation.

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Questions before evaluating new CAE technologies

Questions before evaluating new CAE technologies

At what point in your development process do you want most analysis to take
place?
Examples: prior to initial detailed design; during initial design but prior to final
detailing; after completion of final design etc.,
In terms of difficulty, where do your problems fit on the big-automatable map?
What sorts of people will perform each type of analysis?
Generalist designers and project managers? Specialist analysts? A mix of both
types?
Do you currently have expertise in-house to perform the analyses you need?

Conclusion
Once if we prioritized the analysis objectives and reorganized to achieve them, we will
be better equipped to evaluate new software technologies.

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology

 Introduction

Thanks!

Thesis preparation with LATEX KCG College Of Technology