B U L L E T I N 36610C

BELLOWS DIRECT TYPE

SPEED SETTING MECHANISM

WOODWARD GOVERNOR COMPANY

ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS, U.S.A.
BRANCHES: FT. COLLINS, COLORADO, U.S.A. TOKYO, JAPAN
SUBSIDIARIES: SLOUGH, BUCKS, ENGLAND LUCERNE, SWITZERLAND SCHIPHOL, THE NETHERLANDS
 CONTENTS

DESCRIPTION
OPERATION
Temperature Compensation
Loss of Pneumatic Signal
Manual Speed Adjustment
HIGH SPEED STOP VALVE
SPEED SETTING SERVO STOP SCREW
SETTING GOVERNOR SPEEDS
MAINTENANCE
General
Disassembly
Assembly
PARTS SECTION
Information and Parts Replacement
Parts List
Exploded View

@ Woodward Governor Company, 1964

 Figure 1
DESCRIPTION: The bellows type speed setting
mechanism, now standard equipment on all PG-PL gov-
ernors is an accurate, durable mechanism which virtually
eliminates the hysteresis loops encountered with less
sensitive pneumatic speed setting elements. (A hysteresis
loop is a plot of the speeds obtained at various control
signal pressures; one portion is recorded as speed setting
signals are being increased, the other portion as the
signals are being decreased.) Governors equipped with
bellows type speed setting permit very close load division
of paralleled units, and also provide a definite, accurate
.) relationship between speed and speed signal. A photo-
graph of the bellows type speed setting mechanism ap-
peprs on the front cover and in figure 1.
Speed setting assemblies are available for use with air
input signals of varying range and magnitude (e.g., 3
to 15 psi. 10 to 80 psi. etc.). Depending upon the exact
configuration used, governor speeds may be adjusted
up to a 5 to 1 range. The speed adjusting mechanism
can be furnished to increase the governor speed setting
as the input signal either increases or decreases.
A manual speed setting knob is incorporated in the
assembly to permit operation of the unit when the air
pressure signal is not available. During parallel opera-
tion, the knob may be used to trim or modify the nor-
mal loads.
The pneumatic speed setting mechanism may be fur-
nished on a UG governor as well as on a PG governor.
OPERATION: The belloa~s type speed setting
mechanism is a force-balance system comprised of a
belloa,s assembly, a hydraulic speed setting pilot valve,
a speed setting servo, and a restoring system for the
speed setting pilot valve. Other components in the gov-
ernor may be chosen to effect either a rapid response
to a change in control signal or a slower, "timed" rate
of speed change.
The schematic arrangement of the "direct" (i.e., gover-
nor speed increases as the pressure input signal in-
creases) speed setting version is shown in figure 2.
The governor speed setting is determined by the com-
pression of the speeder spring; the speeder spring
compression is determined by the position of the speeder
spring servo piston. Thus, to change the governor speed
setting, it is necessary only to reposition the speed
setting servo.
'The speed setting pilot valve plunger controls the flow
of oil t u and from the area above the speed setting
servo piston. If the pilot valve plunger is lowered to
uncover the control port in the speed setting pilot valve
bushing, pressure oil flows to the speed setting servo
and pushes the servo piston down, compressing the
speeder spring and thereby increasing the governor
speed setting. If the pilot valve plunger is raised, oil
flows from the speed setting servo to sump, the servo
piston is pushed up by the speed setting servo spring,
and the governor speed setting is decreased.
The air pressure input signal is directed to a bellows
assembly which senses changes in the signal dir pressure.
Through a mechanical connection to the speed setting
pilot valve plunger, the bellows movement - caused
by changes in the input signal pressure - displaces
the speed setting pilot valve plunger to effect changes
in the governor speed setting. Du ' g periods of con-
i!'
stant input signal to the bellows sembl), the down-
ward force produced on the pilot valve plunger by the
air signal is counterbalanced b) the lifting force of the
restoring spring attached to the upper end of the pilot
valve link.
Referring to figure 2 , consider the effect of i n c r e s
the pressure of the air signal. The increased pressure
compresses the belloks assembly to lower the speed
setting pilot valve plunger. Pressure oil flows to the
speed setting servo assembly forcing the servo piston
ing the gvvernor & setting.
-~
down, compressing the speeder spring, and thus increas-
One end of the restnring lever is attached to an ex-
tension at the upper end of the speed setting servo
piston rod; a spring attached to the other end of the
restoring lever pulls the lever down to keep it con-
tinually in contact with a rigidly positioned ball bear-
ing pivot. Thus, as the servo piston moves down, the
restoring le\,er turns atop the ball bearing pivot and
increases the "lifting" force of the restoring spring.
When the net increase in the "lifting" force of the
restoring spring equals the increase in downward force
resulting from the increased pressure signal, the speed
setting pilot valve plunger will be returned to its cen-
tered paition. W i t h the pilot valve plunger centered.
flow of oil to the speed setting servo is stopped with
a subsequent halting of servo piston movement.
A decrease in the air pressure signal allows the re-
storing spring to lift the pilot valve plunger. Oil ewap-
ing from the speed setting servo permits the servo pis-
ton to rise thus decreasing the speeder spring com-
pression and lowering the governor speed setting. The
right end of the restoring lever, following the move-
ment of the servo piston, moves up and, in so doing,
decreases the lifting force of the restoring spring. When
the servo piston has moved up sufficiently far for the
decrease in upward force of the restoring spring to
equal the decrease in downward force resulting from the
decreased air signal, the pilot valve plunger will be
returned to its centered position. Oil can then no longer
escape from the speed setting serro and movement of
the servo piston will be halted.
Note that, except while speed setting changes are being
made, the speed setting pilot valve plunger and bellows
assembly assume the same positions regardless of the
air signal pressure.
The change in restoring spring force for a given move-
ment of the speed setting servo piston is dependent
upon the position of the ball bearing pivot against
which the restoring lever is held. Moving the adjust-
able pivot bracket towards the speed setting servo
decreases the speed range resulting from a given input
signal range: moving the pivot bracket away from
the speed setting servo increases the speed range for
a given input signal range.
TEMPERATURE COMPENSATION: Tempera-
ture compensation is incorporated in the bellows type
speed setting mechanism through a bimetal strip in the
restoring lever. The bimetal strip compensates for
differential expansion and changes in the spring modu-
lus due to temperature variations. Governor speeds
thus remain crmstant despite ambient o r operating
temperature changes.
LOSS OF PNEUMATIC SIGNAL: The pneu.
matic low speed stop screw is usually adjusted to con-
tact the restoring link when the air signal and governor
speed are at their normal minimum. Thus, should the
air signal he interrupted - either accidentally or in-
tentionally - or be reduced below the pressure required
for minimum speed, the restoring spring will lift the
speed setting pilot valve plunger until the stop screw
contacts the restoring lever. With the pilot valve plunger
raised, the speed setting servo will move up to the low
speed position. At this position, the restoring lever,
turning about the ball bearing pivot and pushing down
on the stop screw, a,ill have recentered the pilot r a h e
plunger. The governor will, therefore. g o to minimum
speed setting if the air signal is lost.
Depending upon the slope of the air signal rs. speed
curve, it may be possible to set the pneumatic low
speed stop screw on a governor so that the governor
will shut down when the air signal is lost. However.
governors set to g o to low speed ill the event of air
signal loss are usually equipped with an auxiliary shut-
down device.
MANUAL SPEED ADJUSTMENT: A manual
speed setting knob containing a friction clutch is in-
cluded as a part of the pneumatic speed setting mechan-
ism. This knob can be used to adjust the speed setting
to any point within the normal speed range when the
air signal is not available.
With no air signal, the restoring spring holds the pneu-
matic low speed stop screw in contact with the restoring
lever. T h e speed setting pilot valve plunger is thus
mechanically connected to the movement of the restor-
ing lever. The grounded loading spring which keeps
the restoring lever against the ball bearing pivot con-
tinually urges the bearing and speed setting screw as-
sembly in the downward direction. Turning the manual
speed adjusting knob (to r k j h e governor
~ p d j e t t i o g )lowers the stop collar under the base
speed setting nut. The speed setting screw assembly
with the hall bearing pivot will move down with the
stop collar until the high speed stop screw hits the
high speed stop pin; further clockwise turning of the
manual knob will have no effect on the speed setting
screw assembly position.
As the speed setting screw assembly and the hall bearing
pivot are lowered, the left end of the restoring lever
pushes the pneumatic low speed stop screw down and,
in so doing, lowers the speed setting pilot valve plunger.
Oil flows to the speed setting servo to push the servu
piston down and raise the governor speed setting. The
downward movement of the servo piston raises the left
 Figure 2
end of the restoring lever to "lift" the pilot valve
plunger back to center.
Turning the manual speed adjusting knob counter-
clockwise will raise the speed settlng screw assembl!
and hall bearing pivot, raise the left end of the restoring
lever, and thereb) lift the speed setting pilot valve
plunger. As the servo piston moves u p to decrease the
governor speed setting, the restoring lever movement
recenters the pilot \,alve plunger.
HIGH SPEED STOP VALVE: A s a f e t ~ check
valve, located in the tnp of the speed setting servo,
is provided to place a maximum speed setting limit
on the governor. An adjustable screw in a lug attached
to the stem of the servo piston unseats the hall in the
check valve as the servo piston reaches the maximum
-
- Pressure oil attempting to increase the
speed setting. &
governor speed setting h e ~ o n dthe maximum set point
is thus bypassed to sump. The high speed stop valve
is effective whether the speed adjustment is changed
manuall) or pneumatically,
SPEED SETTING SERVO STOP SCREW:
The speed setting servo stop x r e a , is adjusted to limit
the upward movement of the servo piston when the
-
go\,ernor shuts down. This is done to minimize the
cranking required when the engine is restarted. It is
set and locked to limit the servo piston travel to 3,64"
above the point at which low governor speed setting
is reached.