UNIT - I: NATURE OF LIGHT: Newtons Corpuscular theory - Fermats Principle - Snells Law -

Laws of reflection and refraction - Huygenss wave theory - light as electromagnetic oscillation -
Mathematical representation of wave-S.H.M.- concepts of frequency, wavelength, amplitude and
phase Radiometry- Photometry -Dual Nature theory - Properties of light - Sources of Optical
Radiation - Spectrum of light, Visible, ultra violet and infra red spectra
UNIT - II: GEOMETRIC OPTICS: Convex and concave lens - Reflection in Plane Mirrors,
Refraction through Plane Surfaces, Reflection at a Spherical Surface, Refraction at a Spherical
Surface, Thin Lenses, Vergence and Refractive Power- Laws of reflection and refraction at
spherical surfaces and lenses Cardinal Points of an Optical System - Principal foci and principal
points - Thick lens formula
UNIT - II: LENSES: Aberration Ray and Wave Aberrations , Third-Order Treatment of Refraction
at a Spherical Interface - Chromatic Aberration and achromatic aberration in lenses - Condition
for achromatism in in contact and out of contact lenses Spherical Aberration and Methods of
Minimizing Them Coma- Huygen's and Ramsden's eye pieces.

UNIT IV: DISPERSION: Prism: Deviation in prism- Dispersion produced by a thin prism -
Angular dispersion - Dispersive power - Cauchy's formula - combination of prisms to produce -
Dispersion without deviation - Deviation without dispersion - Achromatic prisms Direct vision
spectroscope - Constant deviation spectroscope - Rainbows and haloes.

UNIT - V: OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS Spectrometer - Microscope Simple and Compound

Microscope Magnifying power of simple and compound microscope - Telescope Astronomical,
Terrestrial and Reflecting Telescope Eyepieces Huygens and Ramsdens Eyepieces and its
Merits and Demerits Gauss Eyepiece Measurement of Refractive Index by a Spectrometer.
UNIT - I: INTERFERENCE: Interference of Light Principle of Super Position - Coherence,
Coherent sources, Constructive interference, Destructive interference - Youngs double slit
Experiment band width Colors of Thin Films Newtons Rings Determination of Wavelength
Air wedge - Determination of diameter of a thin wire by air wedge - Michelsons Interferometer
and its Applications
UNIT II: DIFFRACTION : Fresnel's Diffraction Zone Plate and a Convex Lens Diffraction at
Circular aperture, Opaque circular disc, Straight edge and Narrow wire -. Fraunhofer's Diffraction
Diffraction at a Slit, Circular Aperture and Disc Theory of Plane Transmission Grating.
Resolution of Images Rayleighs Criterion Resolving Power of Telescope, Microscopes,
Prisms and Grating.
UNIT - III: POLARIZATION:Double Refraction Brewsters Law Nicol Prism - polarizer and
analyzer - Huygens Explanation of double refraction Elliptically & Circulary polarized light
Quarter Wave and Half Wave Plates - Polaroids and their uses -Optical Activity Fresnels
Explanation Bi quartz Polarimeter Determination of Specific Rotatory Power using Half Shade
Polarimeter
UNIT IV: LASER

Introduction Basic Principle of LASER spontaneous and stimulated emission, Coherence

Population Inversion Different Types of Pumping Systems Characteristics of LASER . Types
of Laser: He-Ne Laser Nd-YAG laser CO2 Laser Semiconductor Laser - 3-D Profiling Using
Lasers Applications of Laser in Field of Medicine medicine ophthalmic applications.
UNIT V: OPTICS OF THE EYE: Biological structure of the eye - Optical representation of the eye
- Functions of the eye, Accommodation, adaptation, stereoscopic vision, visual acuity - Errors of
refraction and their correction, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism - laser therapy for ocular defects,
radial keratotomy Posterior capsulotomy,
TEXT BOOKS:

1. R. Murugaesan, Optics and spectroscopy, S. Chand and Company, 10 th edition,

2010.
2. Brijlal and Subramanian, A text book of Optics, S. Chand and Company, 25 th
edition, 2015.

REFERENCES:
1. Eugene Hecht, Optics Addison Wesley Publishing Co, 5th Edition, 2010
2. Pedrotti L. S, Pedrotti Sr. F. L, Optics and Vision, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1998.
3. R.S. Longhurst, "Geometrical and Physical Optics", Orient Longman Ltd., 3rd edition 1999.
4. A. Francis Jenkinsons, E. Harvey White, Fundamentals of Optics, 4th Edition, McGraw
Hill Intl. edition, 2001.
5. Ghatak & Thiyagarajan, LASERs: Theory & Applications, Narosa Publishing House,
2001.