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1. EPITHELIAL TUMOURS
A. Serous tumours
Benign
o Usually cystic
o Thin-walled
o Usually unilocular
o 3-30 cm
o Clear, straw coloured fluid
B. Mucinous tumours
Benign
o Usually cystic
o 15-30 cm (huge)
o Thick, parchment-like wall
o Multilocular
o Clear mucoid material
o Epithelium similar to endocervix
o Contains goblet cells, occasionally PANETH CELLS
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
o Usually partially or wholly solid
o Areas of necrosis and haemorrhage
o Mucoid material
C. Endometrioid
Benign form is rare
Most are Malignant
o May be solid, partially cystic or wholly cystic
o Most are well-differentiated
o Resembles endometrial adenocarcinoma
D. Brenner
Benign
o Majority
o Small, solid
Malignant
o May appear as pure transitional cell carcinoma
E. Clear-cell tumours
Benign form is very rare
Adenocarcinoma
o Large, most are cystic, multilocular
o Mucoid material
o Large deeply-staining nuclei protruding into the lumen (HOBNAIL
NUCLEI)
B. Thecoma
Usually solid
Especially in postmenopausal women
Produce oestrogen (rarely androgens)
Benign
C. Fibroma
Ascites, Pleural Effusion, Benign Ovarian Tumour (Meigs Syndrome)
Benign
D. Androgen-producing
Androblastoma Sertoli-Leydig
Gynandroblastoma
o Cause virilisation
o Benign (mostly)
o Solid
o Tend to occur in young girls/women (10-35)
B. Dysgerminoma
Young women (10-30 years)
Identical to seminomas in males
Radiosensitive
Usually solid, ~12cm in diameter
Malignant
C. Choriocarcinomas
Tumour Marker: -hCG.
Responds poorly to chemotherapy, unlike Gestational Trophoblastic Disease.
Malignant.
Primary ovarian malignancy.
Not choriocarcinoma secondary to molar pregnancy
4. OTHERS
A. Kruckenberg
Signet-sign
Bilateral, solid
From adenocarcinoma in stomach/GIT
B. Secondaries
Spread from breast, endometrium, fallopian tubes
FEATURES
o Malignant cyst/tumour
Usually solid/partially soilid
Larger in size
Bilateral
Straw-coloured ascites
Excrescences (irregular surface)
Omental/peritoneal deposits
Usually multilocular
TREATMENT
o Benign: cystectomy/unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
o Malignant
Debulking (TAH + BSO + omentectomy + removal of tumour)
Post-operative chemotherapy (Cis-platin + Paclitaxel)
o Tumour markers
CA-125 Serous (malignant)
Alpha-fetoprotein - Teratoma
-hCG - Choriocarcinoma
Inhibin - Granulosa