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Designation: D 1400 94
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
1
D 1400
methods are given in Practices D 1730. 8.6.2 For field measurements a recommended minimum is
NOTE 2Coatings should be applied in accordance with Practices five determinations at random for every 100 ft2 (10 m2) of the
D 823, or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.
surface area. Each of the five determinations should be the
7. Calibration of Apparatus mean of three separate gage readings within the area of a 12 in.
(12 mm) diameter circle.
7.1 Calibrate the instrument in an area free of stray mag-
netic fields, such as power lines, generators, or welding 8.7 Take measurements no closer than 1 in. (25 mm) to an
equipment. There shall be no vibration apparent on the test edge or 3 in. (75 mm) to another mass of metal. If such
piece when the instrument is being calibrated. measurements are necessary, recheck the calibration in the
7.2 Use a bare section of the substrate after the specified specific area to determine the effect the edge or mass of metal
surface preparation method has been accomplished. If an has on the instrument reading.
uncoated section of the substrate is not available, uncoated test
panels similar to the type on which the specified preparation 9. Report
has been performed may be used. 9.1 Report the following information: the instrument used,
7.3 Select calibration shims in the expected thickness range serial numbers range, and mean of the thickness readings
to be measured. For example, a coating is approximately 3 mils found. Depending upon the application, it may be useful to
(75 m) in thickness, calibrate the instrument at 3 mils. Then record the individual readings as well.
check the calibration using shims of both a lesser and greater
thickness to determine the thickness range over which the 10. Precision and Bias
instrument is calibrated. The limits of this range are set at the
points where the gage no longer registers the shim thicknesses 10.1 PrecisionOn the basis of an interlaboratory study of
within the manufacturers stated accuracy (for example, this test method, conducted to determine the precision of
610 %). several types of instrument in measuring a moderate range of
7.4 Follow the manufacturers instructions for the specific coating thicknesses, the intralaboratory and interlaboratory
adjustment of the instrument. coefficients of variation, calculated using procedures described
in Practice D 3980, were found to be those shown in Table 1
8. Procedure for the instrument evaluated. Based upon these coefficients the
8.1 Use the instrument only after it has been calibrated in following criteria should be used for judging, at the 95 %
accordance with Section 7. confidence level the acceptability of results:
8.2 Ensure that the coating is dry prior to use of the 10.1.1 RepeatabilityTwo results, each the mean of four
instrument. measurements, obtained by the same operator using instru-
8.3 Inspect the probe tip and surface to be measured to ments from the same category should be considered suspect if
assure that they are clean, otherwise erroneous readings can they differ by more than the maximum allowable difference
result. values given in Table 1 for the appropriate film thickness.
8.4 Take readings in areas free of vibration, electrical, or 10.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of four
magnetic fields. measurements, obtained by operators in different laboratories
8.5 If thickness readings are found to be outside the cali- using instruments from the same category should be considered
bration range established in 7.3, repeat the calibration proce- suspect if they differ by more than the maximum allowable
dure in the appropriate range. Check the calibration before, difference values given in Table 1 for the appropriate film
during, and after each use to ensure that the instrument thickness.
continues to read properly. If the instrument is found to be out
10.2 BiasThe bias for this test method for measuring dry
of adjustment, remeasure the thicknesses taken since the last
film thickness cannot be measured at this time, because each
satisfactory calibration check was made.
instrument has its own bias.
8.6 Take a sufficient number of readings to characterize the
surface.
11. Keywords
8.6.1 For laboratory measurements a recommended mini-
mum is three for a 3 by 6 in. (75 by 150 mm) panel and more 11.1 coating thickness; dry film thickness; Eddy current
in proportion to size. thickness gages; nondestructive thickness; paint thickness
2
D 1400
TABLE 1 Precision of Film Thickness Measurements
Intralaboratory
Coating Thickness 0.5 to 1.5 mils 3 to 3.5 mils
Maximum Maximum
Degrees of Coefficient Degrees of Coefficient
Allowable Allowable
Freedom of Variation Freedom of Variation
Difference Difference
(df) (vw), % (df) (vw), %
(MAD), % (MAD), %
Instrument:A
Permascope EC 28 3 8.7 14 2
Minitest FN 250 ... ... ... 2 2
16 2
Minitest FN 250 4 6 ... ... 6
B B
Elcometer 150 FN 38 8
B B
Dermitron 16 8
Pooled 58 7.9 22.3
Interlaboratory
Coating Thickness 0.5 to 1.5 mils 3 to 3.5 mils
Maximum Maximum
Degrees of Coefficient Degrees of Coefficient
Allowable Allowable
Freedom of Variation Freedom of Variation
Difference Difference
(DF) (vb), % (DF) (vb), %
(MAD), % (MAD), %
Instrument:A
Permascope EC 8 3 8 5C
Elcometer 150 FN 6 5D 4 3
Pooled 14 3.98 12.1 12 4.44 13.7C
B B B
Minitest FN 250
B B B
Dermitron
A
Results obtained using the models shown. Note that some instruments are available as newer models, which are not included.
B
Results are not provided.
C
Coefficient of variation is usually lower for thicker films.
D
Interlaboratory MAD is usually larger than intralaboratory MAD.
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