Husky 16TAN Fish Consumption Human Health Risk Assessment - March 2017

8 March 2017
Mr. Torey McLeish

Husky Oil Operations Limited
707 8th Ave. SW,
Calgary, AB T2P 3G7
SLR Project No.: 208.04700.00000
Dear Mr. Torey McLeish,
RE: PRELIMINARY HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PRECAUTIONARY FISH

CONSUMPTION ADVISORY, NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER
At the request of Husky Oil Operations Ltd. (Husky), SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd. (SLR)
performed preliminary human health risk calculations to determine if the potential risks from the
consumption of fish downstream of the spill area in the North Saskatchewan River are
acceptable. The purpose of the risk calculations was to determine whether organoleptic testing
of fish should proceed, and ultimately to inform the precautionary fish consumption advisory.
INTRODUCTION
On the morning of July 21, 2016, Husky discovered a leak on the 16TAN pipeline where it
crosses the North Saskatchewan River. An estimated 225 m3 (+/- 10%) of crude blended with
condensate was released from the pipeline, and an estimated 40 percent of this volume entered
the river. Following shoreline cleanup conducted in October 2016, 210 m3 (93%) of the blended
crude had been accounted for. Since the time of the spill, a precautionary fish consumption
advisory has been in place for the protection of human health.
SLR was retained to perform a risk assessment for the consumption of fish from impacted areas
of the river. Risk calculations have been performed for fish specimens collected downstream of
the spill release point where impacts were likely to be the most significant, and for reference
areas where impacts were expected to be minimal (e.g., upstream of spill release point).
DATA COLLECTION
The study area was divided into six divisions (reaches of the North Saskatchewan River
designated by kilometre distances from the spill release point); the divisions comprised two
reference and four exposure divisions (Table 1). For the purpose of this risk assessment,
Division 1 and Division 2 are considered to comprise the impacted area. The upstream
reference area was used as a baseline to which the risk assessment results from the impacted
area could be compared.
Husky Oil Operations Ltd. SLR Project No.: 208.04700.00000
Risk Assessment for Fish Consumption March 2017
Table 1: Study Area Divisions

Location Rational KP
Upstream Reference Reference 0 to -50
Division 1 Exposure 0 to 40
Division 5 Reference 191 to 400
Target species were prioritized based on recreational and commercial value and included
Walleye, Northern Pike, Goldeye, Mooneye and Shorthead Redhorse. Tissue samples for each
target species were collected from the upstream reference area and from impacted locations,
and sent to Axys Labratories for processing and chemical analysis.
Three composite samples of fish fillets, using equal size tissue samples (50g skin removed
from fillet) from 3 individuals, were homogenized and sub-samples were analyzed for each
target species from Division 1, Division 2, Division 5 and the upstream reference area. Individual
fish within each composite sample were within a 25% size range of the largest fish within that
sample set (US EPA GLFMP,1977, 1980, ongoing). Composite samples were comprised of fish
captured within 1 week of each other and included individuals captured using various fishing
techniques. Where possible, each composite sample included both male and female fish. When
the above qualifications could not be met, individual fish fillets were analyzed without
compositing.
A total of 59 fish tissue samples were analyzed from fish collected between August and
September 2016. Thirty-eight (38) of these were composite samples. Samples were analyzed
for polycylcic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), percent lipids, and percent moisture.
EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT
The goal of the exposure assessment is to quantify the exposure of a human receptor (i.e. a
high fish consuming person) to PAH compounds present in fish fillet tissues.
Exposure Point Concentration
An exposure point concentration (EPC) represents the concentration of a chemical

(contaminant) of potential concern (COPC) at the point of contact with a receptor. In this case,
the EPCs are the concentrations of individual PAHs within fish tissue. Concentrations of
carcinogenic PAHs were also summed using potency equivalency factors (PEFs) relative to
benzo[a]pyrene recommended by CCME (2010) and by Health Canada (2012). The EPCs for
all PAHs were based on the maximum concentration of each parameter measured within the
dataset for Divisions 1 and 2, and for the upstream reference area. Data from Division 5 were
not used in the current assessment.
EPCs are presented with Tables A-1 and B-1 for impacted and reference areas, respectively.
Human Receptor Characteristics
Potential health risks were assessed for adults, teenagers, children, and toddlers. Consumption
of fish by infants was assumed to be negligible.
SLR 2 CONFIDENTIAL
Human receptor characteristics, including body weight, life expectancy, and the relative
absorption from the gastrointestinal tract were obtained from Health Canada (2012). Fish
ingestion rates were taken from the Compendium of Canadian Human Exposure Factors for
Risk Assessment (Richardson, 1997).
Human receptor characteristics are detailed within Tables A-2 and B-2.
Intake Equation
The chronic daily intake of PAHs from fish was estimated using the following algorithm from
Health Canada (2012):
Dose (mg/kg/day ) =
[ (Cfish IRfish RAFOral Di D4 )]
BW LE
Where: Cfish = Concentration of COPC in seafood item (mg/kg wet weight)

IRfish = Seafood Consumption Rate (kg/meal)
RAFOral = Relative Absorption Factor from the GI Tract (assumed to be 1 for most
COPCs) (unitless)
Di = Exposure frequency (Days per year exposed/365) (unitless)
D4 = Total years ingesting seafood (employed for assessment of carcinogens
only)
BW = Body Weight (kg)
LE = Life Expectancy (years) (employed for assessment of carcinogens only)
Human receptors were assumed to consume fish from the North Saskatchewan River for an
entire lifetime (i.e., from toddler through adult life stages).
TOXICITY ASSESSMENT
Toxicity assessment is the process of using the toxicity information from human and/or animal
studies to identify potential health risks at various levels of exposure. To estimate potential
health risks, the relationship between exposure to a chemical (in terms of daily intake of
individuals) and an adverse effect (in terms of bodily response to a specific intake dose level)
must be quantified. The methodologies used to develop toxicity factors differ, depending on
whether the COPC is a potential carcinogen and/or has non-cancer adverse effects.
TRVs associated with cancer potency are reported as slope factors or unit risk values.
Carcinogenic effects are considered to be non-threshold effects for which some level of risk is
expected to occur from any level of exposure, even after the exposure ceases. Carcinogenic
TRVs (i.e., slope factors) were obtained from the USEPA Integrated Risk Information System
(IRIS, 2017) and from Health Canada (2010). Several PAHs including benz[a]anthracene,
benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[g,h,i]perylene,
dibenz[a,h]anthracene, indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene, fluoranthene and phenanthrene were evaluated
as carcinogens using a benzo[a]pyrene total potency equivalent (TPE). The benzo[a]pyrene
TPE was derived by applying a potency equivalent factor to each of the aforementioned PAHs
SLR 3 CONFIDENTIAL
and summing their products. A benzo(a)pyrene TPE was derived according to both CCME
(2010) and Health Canada (2012) potency equivalent factors. In both iterations, non-detect
concentrations were assumed to be equal to half of the detection limit.
Non-cancer health effects are considered to be threshold effects for most substances; adverse
health effects are not expected once exposure to the substance ceases. Non-cancer health
effect TRVs are commonly reported as oral tolerable daily intakes (TDIs) or oral reference
doses (RfDo). These values generally represent administered doses, i.e., the dose entering the
body via the mouth. They represent doses/concentrations of a COPC (mg/kg-day) at and below
which an individual is unlikely to experience adverse health effects with chronic exposure. Non-
cancer TRVs were obtained from USEPA IRIS (2017) and Health Canada (2010).
The TRVs used in this risk assessment are detailed in Tables A-3 and B-3. For several PAHs,
there are no TRVs available from IRIS 2017 or Health Canada (2010).
RISK CHARACTERIZATION
In risk characterization, dose estimates are mathematically combined with toxicity values for
both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals to estimate cancer risks and non-cancer
hazards.
The potential hazards from chemicals with non-carcinogenic effects are estimated by comparing
the dose estimates to the acceptable level of exposure provided by the tolerable daily intake
(TDI), or in the case of ingestion of fish, the oral reference dose (RfDo) for each chemical. This
hazard is expressed as a ratio or quotient for each chemical, as illustrated in the following
equation:
Hazard Quotient = Estimated Exposure (mg/kg-day)/ Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)
In the case of hazards associated with consumption of food items, a total hazard quotient of one
(1) is used to assess health risk, in keeping with the food assessment methodology employed
by Health Canadas Food Directorate.
For carcinogenic substances, the estimated exposure is multiplied by the appropriate slope
factor or unit risk value to derive a conservative estimate of the potential incremental lifetime
cancer risk (ILCR) associated with that exposure (Health Canada, 2012). The ILCR is then
compared to the acceptable risk level (one in 100,000 or 1E-05, as per Health Canada, 2012).
Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk = Exposure (mg/kg-day) x Slope Factor (mg/kg-day)-1
Calculated hazard quotients for impacted and reference areas are presented in Tables A-4 and
B-4 respectively. Similarly, the ILCRs for impacted and reference areas are presented in Tables
A-5 and B-5. Based on the results of the preliminary risk calculations and comparison to Health
Canada acceptable risk criteria, hazard quotients and cancer risks were found to be acceptable
for maximum PAH concentrations in fish obtained from Division 1 and Division 2, and for fish
obtained from the upstream reference area. Risk estimates were higher for Division 1 and
Division 2 (max. HQ =0.0047, max ILCR = 5.5E-06) than for the upstream reference area (max
HQ = 0.0013, max ILCR = 8.5E-07), reflecting higher maximum concentrations in fish fillets. The
maximum concentrations used in the risk estimates for the impacted areas were in part based
on raised detection limits for a sample (shorthead redhorse from Division 2) in which several
PAHs (e.g., benzo[a]pyrene) were not detected, and one half detection limits were assumed to
SLR 4 CONFIDENTIAL
represent tissue concentrations. Overall, health risks are expected to be lower than those
calculated using maximum concentrations and raised detection limits, and are concluded to be
acceptable for the consumption of fish from the areas of the North Saskatchewan River that
were impacted by the spill (i.e., downstream of the spill release point).
A worked example for the calculation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk is included in
Appendix C.
UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS
Several uncertainties are associated with the data collection and risk calculations undertaken
herein. These are detailed below:
The dataset included several different species of fish, some of which may not be regularly
consumed by humans (e.g., Shorthead Redhorse).
Fillet tissue concentrations, rather than whole fish tissue, were used in the risk estimates.
Survey information suggests that a proportion of the fish-consuming population will eat
whole fish. While PAHs are generally metabolized by fish, if present in higher
concentrations, PAHs are more likely to accumulate in fatty tissues than muscle tissues;
therefore, the use of the fillet concentrations in risk calculations may under-estimate the
risk to consumers of the whole fish. This is somewhat offset by the much higher
proportional weight of the muscle tissue relative to the overall fish weight.
Maximum values from the dataset were used for the EPCs, including maximum
concentrations based on one half detection limits assumed for substances that were not
detected in the chemical analysis. The second highest concentrations were notably lower
(e.g., by a factor of 4 for benzo[a]pyrene TPE in Division 1 and 2 samples). The use of
maximums is conservative and will tend to overestimate exposure and associated risks.
The daily consumption rates used were obtained from Richardson (1997) and are
considered to be fairly high. In addition, it was assumed that consumption of fish would
occur on a daily basis throughout the year for an entire lifetime. This is a very
conservative assumption. The calculated doses based on fairly high daily fish
consumption rates and an assumed daily consumption frequency will overestimate actual
levels of exposure.
In general, uncertainties associated with the risk assessment are considered conservative and
are likely to over-estimate the levels of exposure and associated risk.
CONCLUSIONS
Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks were found to be acceptable for the consumption of
fish from areas downstream of the spill site on the North Saskatchewan River. On the basis of
these results, subsequent organoleptic testing may proceed.
STATEMENT OF LIMITATIONS
This report has been prepared and the work referred to in this report has been undertaken by
SLR Consulting (Canada) Ltd. (SLR) for Husky Oil Ltd., hereafter referred to as the Client. It is
intended for the sole and exclusive use of the Client (Husky Oil Ltd.). Other than by the Client
and as set out herein, copying or distribution of this report or use of or reliance on the
information contained herein, in whole or in part, is not permitted unless payment for the work
has been made in full and express written permission has been obtained from SLR.
SLR 5 CONFIDENTIAL
This report has been prepared for specific application to this site and conditions existing at the
time of work for the report were completed. Any conclusions or recommendations made in this
report reflect SLR's professional opinion based on limited investigations including: visual
observation of the site, surface and subsurface investigation at discrete locations and depths,
and laboratory analysis of specific chemical parameters. The results cannot be extended to
previous or future site conditions, portions of the site that were unavailable for direct
investigation, subsurface locations which were not investigated directly, or chemical parameters
and materials that were not addressed. Substances other than those addressed by the
investigation may exist within the site; and substances addressed by the investigation may exist
in areas of the site not investigated in concentrations that differ from those reported. SLR does
not warranty information from third party sources used in the development of investigations and
subsequent reporting.
Nothing in this report is intended to constitute or provide a legal opinion. SLR expresses no
warranty to the accuracy of laboratory methodologies and analytical results. SLR expresses no
warranty with respect to the toxicity data presented in various references or the validity of
toxicity studies on which it was based. Scientific models employed in the evaluations were
selected based on accepted scientific methodologies and practices in common use at the time
and are subject to the uncertainties on which they are based.
SLR makes no representation as to the requirements of compliance with environmental laws,

rules, regulations or policies established by federal, provincial or local government bodies.
Revisions to the regulatory standards referred to in this report may be expected over time. As a
result, modifications to the findings, conclusions and recommendations in this report may be
necessary.
The Client may submit this report to the Saskatchewan Ministry of Environment and/or related
environmental regulatory authorities or persons for review and comment pTjrposes. ,
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SLR Consultin
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Enc Appendix A: Human Health Risk Calculations: Impacted Areas

Appendix B: Human Health Risk Calculations: Upstream Reference Area
Appendix C: Example Calculations
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SLR 6 CONFIDENTIAL
APPENDIX A
Human Health Risk Calculations: Impacted Areas
Risk Assessment for Fish Consumption

North Saskatchewan River
SLR Project No.: 208.04700.00000
TABLE A-1: IMPACTED AREAS, NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER, HUMAN HEALTH - EXPOSURE POINT CONCENTRATIONS (EPCs)
Site-Specific Tissue Concentration

Whole Fish Tissues
COPC
Cfish
Statistic Used
(mg/kg ww)
PAHs
1-Methylphenanthrene 0.00035 Maximum
2,3,5-Trimethylnaphthalene 0.00516 Maximum
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 0.00338 Maximum
2-Methylnaphthalene 0.00287 Maximum
Acenaphthene 0.000453 Maximum
Acenaphthylene 0.000249 Maximum
Anthracene 0.000326 Maximum
Benzo(a)anthracene < 0.0001 Maximum
Benzo(a)pyrene < 0.000245 Maximum
Benzo(b)fluoranthene < 0.000182 Maximum
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene < 0.000379 Maximum
Benzo[e]pyrene < 0.000256 Maximum
Benzo[j,k]fluoranthenes < 0.000179 Maximum
Chrysene 0.000235 Maximum
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene < 0.000463 Maximum
Dibenzothiophene 0.00162 Maximum
Fluoranthene 0.00037 Maximum
Fluorene 0.000805 Maximum
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene < 0.000409 Maximum
Naphthalene 0.00223 Maximum
Perylene < 0.000267 Maximum
Phenanthrene 0.00284 Maximum
Pyrene 0.00036 Maximum
CCME B[a]P TPE * 0.0004005 Maximum
HC B[a]P TPE * 0.0004029 Maximum
Notes:
mg/kg ww - miligrams/kilogram wet weight
* B[a]P TPE - Benzo(a)pyrene Total Potency Equivalent (TPE) was derived by applying a potency equivalent factors to carcinogenic PAHs and summing the products. Where a carcinogenic
PAH was found to be non-detect, half the detection limit was used in the calculation.
SLR CONFIDENTIAL
TABLE A-2: IMPACTED AREAS, NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER, RECEPTOR CHARACTERISTICS
Value
Parameter Acronym High Fish Consumption Receptor Unit Source
Teenager Child
Adult Toddler
(Carcinogens) (Carcinogens)
Exposure Frequency and Duration Assumptions
Life Expectancy - Carcinogens Only LE 80 80 80 80 years HC, 2012

Total Years Exposed - Carcinogens Only D4 60 8 7 4.5 years HC, 2012; BPJ
Exposure Term - Carcinogens Only D4/LE 0.75 0.1 0.0875 0.05625 unitless ---
Exposure Frequency (Days per year exposed/365) Di 1 1 1 1 unitless ---
Physical Characteristic Assumptions
Body Weight BW 70.7 59.7 32.9 16.5 kg HC, 2012

Food ingestion - Fish IRfish 0.220 0.200 0.170 0.095 kg/day Richardson, 1997
Relative Absorption Factor from Gastrointestinal Tract RAFOral 1 1 1 1 unitless HC, 2012
Notes:
kg = kilograms; kg/day = kilograms/day
BPJ - Best professional judgement
References:
Health Canada (HC). 2012. Federal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment in Canada. Part I: Guidance on Human Health Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment (PQRA). Version 2.0. September 2010. (Revised 2012).
Richardson, G.M. 1997. Compendium of Canadian Human Exposure Factors for Risk Assessment. OConnor Associates Environmental Inc.
SLR CONFIDENTIAL
TABLE A-3: IMPACTED AREAS, NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER, CHEMICAL DATA FOR COCS
Chronic Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) Slope Factors
Potential Chemical of Concern Age group

Oral RfD Oral Slope Factor
Target Source Target Source
-1
(mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day)
PAHs
1-Methylphenanthrene - - - - - - -
2,3,5-Trimethylnaphthalene - - - - - - -
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene - - - - - - -
2-Methylnaphthalene - - - - - - -
Acenaphthene All 6.0E-02 Hepatotoxicity USEPA, 2017 - - -
Acenaphthylene - - - - - - -
Anthracene All 3.0E-01 none reported USEPA, 2017 - - -
Benzo(a)anthracene - - - - - - -
Neurobehavioral
Benzo(a)pyrene Adult 3.0E-04 USEPA, 2017 1.0E+00 Gastrointestinal tumours USEPA, 2017
Changes
- - - - 2.3E+00 Gastric tumours HC, 2010
Benzo(b)fluoranthene - - - - - - -
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene - - - - - - -
Benzo[e]pyrene - - - - - - -
Benzo[j,k]fluoranthenes - - - - - - -
Chrysene - - - - - - -
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene - - - - - - -
Dibenzothiophene - - - - - - -
Nephropathy, increased
Fluoranthene All 4.0E-02 USEPA, 2017 - - -
liver weights
Hematologic
Fluorene Adult 4.0E-02 USEPA, 2017 - - -
(Decreased RBC)
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene - - - - - - -
Decreased mean USEPA, 2017 & HC,

Naphthalene Adult 2.0E-02 - - -
terminal body weight 2010
Perylene - - - - - - -
Phenanthrene - - - - - - -
Pyrene All 3.00E-02 HC, 2010 - - -
liver weights
Notes:
mg/kg/day - milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day
BPJ - best professional judgement
References:
HC, 2010. Federal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment in Canada. Part II: Health Canada Toxicological Reference Values (TRVs) and Chemical-Specific Factors. Version 2.0. September 2010.
USEPA. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Avaialble online at https://www.epa.gov/iris.
SLR CONFIDENTIAL
TABLE A-4: IMPACTED AREAS, NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER, HIGH FISH CONSUMPTION RECEPTOR - INGESTION OF FISH
Noncarcinogenic Effects
Potential Contaminant of Concern CDI Reference Dose (RfDo) Hazard Quotient (HQ)
(mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)
ADULT
Pathway: Ingestion of Fish
a
Dose = (CFish x IRFish x RAFOral) / BW
PAHs
1-Methylphenanthrene 1.1E-06 - -
2,3,5-Trimethylnaphthalene 1.6E-05 - -
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 1.1E-05 - -
2-Methylnaphthalene 8.9E-06 - -
Acenaphthene 1.4E-06 6.00E-02 2.3E-05
Acenaphthylene 7.7E-07 - -
Anthracene 1.0E-06 3.00E-01 3.4E-06
Benzo(a)anthracene 3.1E-07 - -
Benzo(a)pyrene 7.6E-07 3.00E-04 2.54E-03
Benzo(b)fluoranthene 5.7E-07 - -
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 1.2E-06 - -
Benzo[e]pyrene 8.0E-07 - -
Benzo[j,k]fluoranthenes 5.6E-07 - -
Chrysene 7.3E-07 - -
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene 1.4E-06 - -
Dibenzothiophene 5.0E-06 - -
Fluoranthene 1.2E-06 4.00E-02 2.9E-05
Fluorene 2.5E-06 4.00E-02 6.3E-05
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene 1.3E-06 - -
Naphthalene 6.9E-06 2.00E-02 3.5E-04
Perylene 8.3E-07 - -
Phenanthrene 8.8E-06 - -
Pyrene 1.1E-06 3.00E-02 3.7E-05
CCME B[a]P TPE * 1.2E-06 - -
HC B[a]P TPE * 1.3E-06 - -
TODDLER
a
Dose = (CFish x IRFish x RAFOral) / BW
PAHs
Anthracene 1.9E-06 3.00E-01 6.3E-06
Fluorene 4.6E-06 4.00E-02 1.2E-04
Naphthalene 1.3E-05 2.00E-02 6.4E-04
Pyrene 2.1E-06 3.00E-02 6.9E-05
CCME B[a]P TPE * 2.3E-06 - -
HC B[a]P TPE * 2.3E-06 - -
Risk Based Standards 1.0
Notes:
a
Refer to text for explanation of acronyms used in equation.
mg/kg/day = milligrams per kilogram body weight per day.
NA - Not available
HQ = CDI/RfDI
Shaded value indicate exceedance of risk based standard of 1.0
SLR CONFIDENTIAL
TABLE A-5: IMPACTED AREAS, NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER, HIGH FISH CONSUMPTION RECEPTOR (CUMULATIVE LIFETIME EXPOSURE) - INGESTION OF FISH
Carcinogenic Effects
Potential Contaminant of
CDI Slope Factor (SFo) Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR)
Concern
(mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day)-1 (unitless)
a
Dose = (CFish x IRFish x RAFOral x Di x D4) / (BW x LE)
USEPA Slope Factor
BENZO(A)PYRENE TPE (CCME)
Adult 9.3E-07 1.00E+00 9.3E-07
Teenager 1.3E-07 1.00E+00 2.7E-07
Child 1.8E-07 1.00E+00 5.4E-07
Toddler 1.3E-07 1.00E+00 6.5E-07
Total 2.39E-06
BENZO(A)PYRENE TPE (HC)
Adult 9.4E-07 1.00E+00 9.4E-07
Teenager 1.3E-07 1.00E+00 2.7E-07
Child 1.8E-07 1.00E+00 5.5E-07
Toddler 1.3E-07 1.00E+00 6.5E-07
Total 2.41E-06
Risk Based Standards 1E-05
Health Canada Slope Factor
Adult 9.3E-07 2.30E+00 2.1E-06
Teenager 1.3E-07 2.30E+00 6.2E-07
Child 1.8E-07 2.30E+00 1.2E-06
Toddler 1.3E-07 2.30E+00 1.5E-06
Total 5.51E-06
Adult 9.4E-07 2.30E+00 2.2E-06
Teenager 1.3E-07 2.30E+00 6.2E-07
Child 1.8E-07 2.30E+00 1.3E-06
Toddler 1.3E-07 2.30E+00 1.5E-06
Total 5.54E-06
ILCR = CDI * SFI
Shaded value indicate exceedance of risk based standard of 1E-05
CCME - Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment, Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health, Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 2010
HC - Health Canada, Part I: Guidance on Human Health Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment (PQA), Version 2.0, Revised 2012
TPE - total potency equivalents
SLR CONFIDENTIAL
APPENDIX B
Human Health Risk Calculations: Upstream Reference Area

SLR Project No.: 208.04700.00000
TABLE B-1: UPSTREAM REFERENCE, NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER, HUMAN HEALTH - EXPOSURE POINT
CONCENTRATIONS (EPCs)
Site-Specific Tissue Concentration

Whole Fish Tissues
COPC
Cfish
Statistic Used
(mg/kg ww)
PAHs
1-Methylphenanthrene 0.000263 Maximum
2,3,5-Trimethylnaphthalene 0.00304 Maximum
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene 0.00163 Maximum
2-Methylnaphthalene 0.00219 Maximum
Acenaphthene 0.000322 Maximum
Acenaphthylene 0.000183 Maximum
Anthracene 0.00018 Maximum
Benzo(a)anthracene < 0.0000537 Maximum
Benzo(a)pyrene < 0.000069 Maximum
Benzo(b)fluoranthene < 0.0000515 Maximum
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 0.000026 Maximum
Benzo[e]pyrene < 0.0000701 Maximum
Benzo[j,k]fluoranthenes < 0.0000526 Maximum
Chrysene 0.000235 Maximum
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene < 0.000027 Maximum
Dibenzothiophene 0.00106 Maximum
Fluoranthene 0.00031 Maximum
Fluorene 0.000695 Maximum
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene < 0.0000259 Maximum
Naphthalene 0.00164 Maximum
Perylene < 0.0000796 Maximum
Phenanthrene 0.0024 Maximum
Pyrene 0.000258 Maximum
CCME B[a]P TPE * 0.00005965 Maximum
HC B[a]P TPE * 0.00006213 Maximum
Notes:
mg/kg ww - miligrams/kilogram wet weight
* B[a]P TPE - Benzo(a)pyrene Total Potency Equivalent (TPE) was derived by applying a potency equivalent factors to carcinogenic PAHs and summing the products. Where
a carcinogenic PAH was found to be non-detect, half the detection limit was used in the calculation.
SLR CONFIDENTIAL
TABLE B-2: UPSTREAM REFERENCE, NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER, RECEPTOR CHARACTERISTICS
Value
Parameter Acronym High Fish Consumption Receptor Unit Source
Teenager Child
Adult Toddler
(Carcinogens) (Carcinogens)
Exposure Frequency and Duration Assumptions
Life Expectancy - Carcinogens Only LE 80 80 80 80 years HC, 2012

Total Years Exposed - Carcinogens Only D4 60 8 7 4.5 years HC, 2012; BPJ
Exposure Term - Carcinogens Only D4/LE 0.75 0.1 0.0875 0.05625 unitless ---
Exposure Frequency (Days per year exposed/365) Di 1 1 1 1 unitless ---
Physical Characteristic Assumptions

Body Weight BW 70.7 59.7 32.9 16.5 kg HC, 2012
Food ingestion - Fish IRfish 0.220 0.200 0.170 0.095 kg/day Richardson, 1997
Relative Absorption Factor from Gastrointestinal Tract RAFOral 1 1 1 1 unitless HC, 2012
Notes:
kg = kilograms; kg/day = kilograms/day
BPJ - Best professional judgement
References:
Health Canada (HC). 2012. Federal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment in Canada. Part I: Guidance on Human Health Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment (PQRA). Version 2.0. September 2010. (Revised 2012).
Richardson, G.M. 1997. Compendium of Canadian Human Exposure Factors for Risk Assessment. OConnor Associates Environmental Inc.
SLR CONFIDENTIAL
TABLE B-3: UPSTREAM REFERENCE, NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER, CHEMICAL DATA FOR COPCS
Chronic Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) Slope Factors
Chemical of Potential Concern Age group

Oral RfD Target Oral Slope Factor Target
Source Source
-1
(mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day)
PAHs
1-Methylphenanthrene - - - - - - -
2,3,5-Trimethylnaphthalene - - - - - - -
2,6-Dimethylnaphthalene - - - - - - -
2-Methylnaphthalene - - - - - - -
Acenaphthene All 6.0E-02 Hepatotoxicity USEPA, 2017 - - -
Acenaphthylene - - - - - - -
Anthracene All 3.0E-01 none reported USEPA, 2017 - - -
Benzo(a)anthracene - - - - - - -
Neurobehavioral
Benzo(a)pyrene Adult 3.0E-04 USEPA, 2017 1.0E+00 Gastrointestinal tumours USEPA, 2017
Changes
- - - - 2.3E+00 Gastric tumours HC, 2010
Benzo(b)fluoranthene - - - - - - -
Benzo(g,h,i)perylene - - - - - - -
Benzo[e]pyrene - - - - - - -
Benzo[j,k]fluoranthenes - - - - - - -
Chrysene - - - - - - -
Dibenz(a,h)anthracene - - - - - - -
Dibenzothiophene - - - - - - -
Fluoranthene All 4.0E-02 USEPA, 2017 - - -
liver weights
Hematologic
Fluorene Adult 4.0E-02 USEPA, 2017 - - -
(Decreased RBC)
Indeno(1,2,3-c,d)pyrene - - - - - - -
Decreased mean USEPA, 2017 & HC,

Naphthalene Adult 2.0E-02 - - -
terminal body weight 2010
Perylene - - - - - - -
Phenanthrene - - - - - - -
Pyrene All 3.00E-02 HC, 2010 - - -
liver weights
Notes:
mg/kg/day - milligrams per kilogram of body weight per day
BPJ - best professional judgement
References:
HC, 2010. Federal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment in Canada. Part II: Health Canada Toxicological Reference Values (TRVs) and Chemical-Specific Factors. Version 2.0. September 2010.
USEPA. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Avaialble online at https://www.epa.gov/iris.
SLR CONFIDENTIAL
TABLE B-4: UPSTREAM REFERENCE, NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER, HIGH FISH CONSUMPTION RECEPTOR - INGESTION OF FISH
Noncarcinogenic Effects
Potential Contaminant of Concern CDI Reference Dose (RfDo) Hazard Quotient (HQ)
(mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day) (unitless)
ADULT
a
Dose = [(CFish x IRFish x RAFOral x PTF)] / BW
PAHs
Anthracene 5.6E-07 3.00E-01 1.9E-06
Fluorene 2.2E-06 4.00E-02 5.4E-05
Naphthalene 5.1E-06 2.00E-02 2.6E-04
Pyrene 8.0E-07 3.00E-02 2.7E-05
CCME B[a]P TPE * 1.9E-07 - -
HC B[a]P TPE * 1.9E-07 - -
TODDLER
a
Dose = [(CFish x IRFish x RAFOral x PTF )] / BW
PAHs
Anthracene 1.0E-06 3.00E-01 3.5E-06
Fluorene 4.0E-06 4.00E-02 1.0E-04
Naphthalene 9.4E-06 2.00E-02 4.7E-04
Pyrene 1.5E-06 3.00E-02 5.0E-05
CCME B[a]P TPE * 3.4E-07 - -
HC B[a]P TPE * 3.6E-07 - -
Risk Based Standards 1.00
Notes:
a
Refer to text for explanation of acronyms used in equation.
NA - Not available
HQ = CDI/RfDI
Shaded value indicate exceedance of risk based standard of 1.0
SLR CONFIDENTIAL
TABLE B-5: UPSTREAM REFERENCE, NORTH SASKATCHEWAN RIVER, HIGH FISH CONSUMPTION RECEPTOR (CUMULATIVE LIFETIME EXPOSURE) - INGESTION OF FISH
Carcinogenic Effects
Potential Contaminant of
CDI Slope Factor (SFo) Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk (ILCR)
Concern
(mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day)-1 (unitless)
a
Dose = [(CFish x IRFish x RAFOral x Di x D4)] / (BW x LE)
USEPA Slope Factor
Adult 1.4E-07 1.00E+00 1.4E-07
Teenager 2.0E-08 1.00E+00 4.0E-08
Child 2.7E-08 1.00E+00 8.1E-08
Toddler 1.9E-08 1.00E+00 9.7E-08
Total 3.57E-07
Adult 1.4E-07 1.00E+00 1.4E-07
Teenager 2.1E-08 1.00E+00 4.2E-08
Child 2.8E-08 1.00E+00 8.4E-08
Toddler 2.0E-08 1.00E+00 1.0E-07
Total 3.72E-07
Health Canada Slope Factor
Adult 1.4E-07 2.30E+00 3.2E-07
Teenager 2.0E-08 2.30E+00 9.2E-08
Child 2.7E-08 2.30E+00 1.9E-07
Toddler 1.9E-08 2.30E+00 2.2E-07
Total 8.20E-07
Adult 1.4E-07 2.30E+00 3.3E-07
Teenager 2.1E-08 2.30E+00 9.6E-08
Child 2.8E-08 2.30E+00 1.9E-07
Toddler 2.0E-08 2.30E+00 2.3E-07
Total 8.54E-07
ILCR = CDI * SFI
Shaded value indicate exceedance of risk based standard of 1E-05
CCME - Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment, Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health, Polycylic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 2010
HC - Health Canada, Part I: Guidance on Human Health Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment (PQA), Version 2.0, Revised 2012
TPE - total potency equivalents
SLR CONFIDENTIAL
APPENDIX C
Example Calculations

SLR Project No.: 208.04700.00000
APPENDIX C
WORKED CALCULATIONS
Equations presented below detail example calculations of daily intakes of PAHs from consumption
of fish from the impacted areas of the North Saskatchewan River, and the subsequent calculation
of risk estimates (hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR)). Naphthalene
was selected for the example calculation of non-cancer risk (HQ). CCME Benzo(a)pyrene total
potency equivalents (TPE) was selected to show the calculation for cancer risk (ILCR).
CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER RISK:
Daily Intake of Naphthalene
The following equation was used to calculate exposure to naphthalene via ingestion of fish tissue
from an impacted area (Shorthead Redhorse from Division 2) and upstream reference areas
(Mooneye from upstream of Division 1).

() =

Where: Cfish = Concentration of COPC in fish (mg/kg)

IRfish = Ingestion Rate of fish (kg/day)
RAForal = Relative Absorption Factor - Oral (unitless)
Di = Days per year exposed/365 days (unitless)
Worked Calculation: Dose from Ingestion of Naphthalene in Fish

The worked equation below shows the daily intake of naphthalene for an adult from the
consumption of fish from an impacted area. The daily intake for all age groups was estimated
using the maximum concentration of each parameter found in the dataset. The maximum
naphthalene concentration in fish (Cfish) and other exposure assumptions are listed below:
Cfish = 0.00223 mg/kg (Shorthead Redhorse from Division 2)

IRfish = 0.220 kg/meal (HC, 2012)
RAForal = 1 (unitless) (HC, 2012)
Di = 1 (unitless) (HC, 2012)
BW = 70.7 kg (HC, 2012)
SLR C-1 CONFIDENTIAL

(0.00223 0.220 1 1 )
( ) =
70.7
( ) = 6.9 06 //
Calculation of HQ:
The HQ is calculated by dividing the chronic daily intake by the tolerable daily intake (TDI) or the
oral reference dose (RfDo). This hazard is given by the following equation:
= ((// ) / ((//)
Worked Calculation: HQ from Naphthalene:

The worked equation below shows the resulting HQ from the daily intake of naphthalene,
calculated above. The oral reference dose was assumed to be 2.0E-02 mg/kg/day (USEPA, 2017;
Health Canada, 2010).
= (6.9 06 )/ (2.0 02)
= .
CALCULATION OF CANCER RISK:
Daily Intake of CCME Benzo(a)pyrene TPE:
The daily intake equation for benzo(a)pyrene TPE is shown below. As this daily intake will be used
to determine cancer risk, the total years exposed to the site and the life expectancy must be
included in the equation.
4
() =

Where: Cfish = Concentration of COPC in fish (mg/kg)

IRfish = Ingestion Rate of fish (kg/day)
RAForal = Relative Absorption Factor - Oral (unitless)
Di = Days per year exposed/365 days (unitless)
D4 = Total years exposed to Site (for assessment of carcinogens only)
LE = Life Expectancy (years) (for assessment of carcinogens only)

Worked Calculation: Dose from Ingestion of Benzo(a)pyrene TPE in Fish

The worked equation below shows the daily intake of CCME benzo(a)pyrene TPE for an adult from
the consumption of fish from the impacted areas. The maximum benzo(a)pyrene TPE
concentration in fish (Cfish) and other exposure assumptions are listed below:
Cfish = 0.0004005 mg/kg (Shorthead Redhorse from Division 2)

IRfish = 0.220 kg/meal (HC, 2012)
RAForal = 1 (unitless) (HC, 2012)
Di = 1 (unitless) (HC, 2012)
D4 = 60 years (HC, 2012) (for assessment of carcinogens only)
BW = 70.7 kg (HC, 2012)
LE = 80 years (HC, 2012) (for assessment of carcinogens only)
(0.0004005 0.220 1 1 60)

() =
70.7 80
() = 9.3 07 //
Calculation of the ILCR:

The ILCR is calculated by multiplying the estimated daily intake by the oral slope factor (1.0
(mg/kg/day)-1 US EPA, 2017).
= ((/)/) (/)/) 1
= 9.3 07 1.0
= .
Calculation of Total Lifetime Cancer Risk:
The lifetime cancer risk is determined by summing the ILCR from each life stage:
= + + + +

The ILCR for each life stage was calculated using the same method detailed above for adults. The
ILCRs for each life stage for benzo(a)pyrene TPE obtained from the consumption of fish tissue
from an impacted area are given below:
ILCRinfant = Considered Negligible for Fish Consumption
ILCRtoddler = 6.5E-07
ILCRchild = 5.4E-07
ILCRteen = 2.7E-07
ILCRadult = 9.3E-07
= 0 + 6.5E 07 + 5.4E 07 + 2.7E 07 + 9.3E 07
= .

Husky 16TAN Fish Consumption Human Health Risk Assessment - March 2017

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8 March 2017

Mr. Torey McLeish

SLR Project No.: 208.04700.00000

Dear Mr. Torey McLeish,

RE: PRELIMINARY HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT FOR PRECAUTIONARY FISH

Table 1: Study Area Divisions

Exposure Point Concentration

An exposure point concentration (EPC) represents the concentration of a chemical

Human Receptor Characteristics

Where: Cfish = Concentration of COPC in seafood item (mg/kg wet weight)

Hazard Quotient = Estimated Exposure (mg/kg-day)/ Oral Reference Dose (mg/kg-day)

Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk = Exposure (mg/kg-day) x Slope Factor (mg/kg-day)-1

SLR makes no representation as to the requirements of compliance with environmental laws,

Enc Appendix A: Human Health Risk Calculations: Impacted Areas

N:\MarkhamV\rchives\Projects\Husky Oil Limited\208.04700_N_Sask_SpiHM5. Risk Assessment

Risk Assessment for Fish Consumption

Site-Specific Tissue Concentration

Parameter Acronym High Fish Consumption Receptor Unit Source

Life Expectancy - Carcinogens Only LE 80 80 80 80 years HC, 2012

Body Weight BW 70.7 59.7 32.9 16.5 kg HC, 2012

Chronic Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) Slope Factors

Potential Chemical of Concern Age group

Acenaphthene All 6.0E-02 Hepatotoxicity USEPA, 2017 - - -

Anthracene All 3.0E-01 none reported USEPA, 2017 - - -

- - - - 2.3E+00 Gastric tumours HC, 2010

Decreased mean USEPA, 2017 & HC,

Risk Assessment for Fish Consumption

Site-Specific Tissue Concentration

Parameter Acronym High Fish Consumption Receptor Unit Source

Life Expectancy - Carcinogens Only LE 80 80 80 80 years HC, 2012

Physical Characteristic Assumptions

Chronic Toxicity Reference Value (TRV) Slope Factors

Chemical of Potential Concern Age group

Acenaphthene All 6.0E-02 Hepatotoxicity USEPA, 2017 - - -

Anthracene All 3.0E-01 none reported USEPA, 2017 - - -

- - - - 2.3E+00 Gastric tumours HC, 2010

Decreased mean USEPA, 2017 & HC,

Risk Assessment for Fish Consumption

CALCULATION OF NON-CANCER RISK:

Daily Intake of Naphthalene

Where: Cfish = Concentration of COPC in fish (mg/kg)

Worked Calculation: Dose from Ingestion of Naphthalene in Fish

Cfish = 0.00223 mg/kg (Shorthead Redhorse from Division 2)

SLR C-1 CONFIDENTIAL

Worked Calculation: HQ from Naphthalene:

= (6.9 06 )/ (2.0 02)

CALCULATION OF CANCER RISK:

Daily Intake of CCME Benzo(a)pyrene TPE:

Where: Cfish = Concentration of COPC in fish (mg/kg)

SLR C-2 CONFIDENTIAL

Worked Calculation: Dose from Ingestion of Benzo(a)pyrene TPE in Fish

Cfish = 0.0004005 mg/kg (Shorthead Redhorse from Division 2)

(0.0004005 0.220 1 1 60)

Calculation of the ILCR:

Calculation of Total Lifetime Cancer Risk:

SLR C-3 CONFIDENTIAL

= 0 + 6.5E 07 + 5.4E 07 + 2.7E 07 + 9.3E 07

SLR C-4 CONFIDENTIAL

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