25/07/2017 Russia - Wikipedia

Russia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Coordinates: 60N 90E

"Russian Federation" redirects here. For other uses of "Russia", see Russia (disambiguation).

Russia (/r/ ( listen); Russian: , tr.Rossija; IPA: [rsij]; from the Greek:
Russian Federation
Rus'), also officially known as the Russian Federation[12] (Russian:
(Russian)
, tr.Rossiyskaya Federatsiya; IPA: [rsijskj fdratsj]), is Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
a country in Eurasia.[13]At 17,075,200 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is
the largest country in the world by surface area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's
inhabited land area,[14][15][16] and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people at the
end of March 2016.[17][7] The European western part of the country is much more populated
and urbanised than the eastern; about 77% of the population live in European Russia. Russia's
capital Moscowis one of the largest cities in the world; other major urban centersinclude Saint Flag
Coat of arms
Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Nizhny Novgorod, and Kazan. Anthem: "
"Gosudarstvenny gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii" (transliteration)
Extending across the entirety of Northern Asiaand much of Eastern Europe, Russia "State Anthem of the Russian Federation"
spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environmentsand landforms. From 0:00 MENU
northwest to southeast, Russia shares land
borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland(both with Kaliningrad
Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North
Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S.state
of Alaska across the Bering Strait.

The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries
AD.[18] Founded and ruled by a Varangianwarrior elite and their descendants,
the medieval state of Rusarose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianityfrom
the Byzantine Empire,[19] beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that
defined Russian culture for the next millennium.[19] Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number
of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became Location of Russia (green)
Russian-administered Crimea (disputed; light green)a
tributaries of the nomadic Golden Hordein the 13th century.[20]The Grand Duchy of
Capital Moscow
Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence and largest city 5545N 3737E
from the Golden Horde, and came to dominate the cultural and political legacy of Kievan Rus'. Official languages Russian
By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, Recognised See Languages of Russia
national languages
and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history,
stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east.[21][22] Ethnic groups(2010[1]) 81.0% Russian
3.7% Tatar
1.4% Ukrainian
Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republicbecame the 1.1% Bashkir
largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first 1.0% Chuvash
0.8% Chechen
constitutionally socialist state.[23] The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory 11.0% others / unspecified
in World War II,[24][25]and emerged as a recognized superpowerand rival to the United Religion See Religion in Russia
States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological Demonym Russian
achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the Government Federal semi-
launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's presidentialconstitutional republic[2]
second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of President Vladimir Putin
Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev
weapons of mass destruction.[26][27][28]Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Chairman of the Valentina Matviyenko
fifteen independent republics emerged from the USSR: Federation Council
Chairman of the Vyacheslav Volodin
State Duma
Legislature Federal Assembly
Upper house Federation Council
Lower house State Duma
Formation
Arrival of Rurik[3] 862
Kievan Rus' 882
Grand Duchy 1283
Tsardom January 16, 1547
Empire October 22, 1721
Republic September 14, 1917
Russian SFSR November 6, 1917
Soviet Union December 30, 1922
Sovereignty June 12, 1990
Declaration
Russian Federation December 25, 1991b
Area
Total 17,075,200[4] km2(6,592,800 sq mi)
(1st)
Water (%) 13[5] (including swamps)
Population
2017 estimate 144,463,451 [6] (without
Crimea)[7] (9th)

8.4/km2 (21.8/sq mi) (217th)

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25/07/2017 Russia - Wikipedia
Density 8.4/km2 (21.8/sq mi) (217th)
GDP (PPP) 2017 estimate
Total $3.938 trillion[8] (6th)
Per capita $27,466[8] (52nd)
GDP (nominal) 2017 estimate
Total $1.561 trillion[8] (11th)
Per capita $10,885[8] (72nd)
Gini (2013) 40.1[9]
medium 83rd
HDI (2015) 0.804[10]
very high 49th
Currency Russian ruble ( ) (RUB)
Time zone (UTC+2 to +12)
Date format dd.mm.yyyy
Drives on the right
Calling code +7
ISO 3166 code RU
Internet TLD .ru
.su
.

a. The Crimean Peninsula is recognized as territory of Ukraine by a

majority of UN member nations, but is de facto administered by
Russia.[11]
b. The Belavezha Accords was signed in Brest, Belarus on
December 8, creating the Commonwealth of Independent
States in which the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR ratified
the accords on December 12, denouncing the 1922 treaty. On
December 25, Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian
Federation and the following the day on December 26,
the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union ratified the accords,
effectively dissolving the Soviet Union.

Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Estonia, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan;
the Russian SFSRreconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and sole successor state of
the Soviet Union.[29] It is governed as a federalsemi-presidentialrepublic.

The Russian economyranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDPand sixth largest by purchasing power parityin 2015.[30] Russia's extensive mineral and
energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world,[31]making it one of the leading producers of oiland natural gasglobally.[32][33] The country is
one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction.[34]Russia is a great poweras well
as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, as well as a
member of the G20, the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC), the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO),
the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of
the Commonwealth of Independent States(CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian
Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan.

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