Cherish Aileen A.

Brillon
What is Theory? (Campos, 2014)

1. Caring to ask questions (problematizing)

2. A set of hunches asking a series of questions and

making a series of guesses

3. Linked with criticism and scholarship involves

research
Criticism evaluation of theories and application
Scholarship specialization in a particular field
 What is Theory? (Campos, 2014)

4. Is a mode of thinking that is historical, cross-

disciplinary and self reflexive
Theory as unstable and impossible to master

5. Is inseparable from praxis to live life more actively

Praxis is politically conscious action
Forms of knowledge

Ontological considers what makes us human. What

shapes our background understanding for theorizing

Epistemological considers the nature, scope and limits

of human knowledge. How we acquire knowledge

Axiological - considers the nature of value and what kinds

of things have value
Post Positivism
The world is seen as objective in that it exists independently of
knowers.

There is a distinction between the subjective knower and the

objective world. There is intersubjective validation, meaning all
knowers must arrive at the same conclusion from application of
scientific methods.

Studies are conducted with the goal of testing hypotheses, of

formulating generalizations
Constructivism
Meanings are constructed by human beings as they engage with
the world they are interpreting.

Qualitative researchers seek to understand the context or setting

of the participants vis--vis researchers background and
experiences.

The basic generation of meaning is always social, arising in and

out of interaction with a human community.
Advocacy/Participatory Research
Participatory action is recursive or dialectical and is focused on
bringing about change in practices.

It is focused on helping individuals free themselves from

constraints found in media, in language, in work procedures, and in
relationships of power in educational settings.

It is emancipatory in that it helps unshackle people from the

constraints of irrational and unjust structures that limit self-
development and self-determination
Pragmatism or Post Modern
Postmodernism challenges the leading assumptions of the positivist and
empiricist traditions; instead the postmodern approach suggest
alternatives which radically challenge and critique the dominant
epistemological discourses.

We ask: Why do we do research? How has our research been

constructed? What is it silent about? What gives our text its narrative
authority? What are the gender, race and class relations that produce the
research and how does the text reproduce these relations and to what
extent does research empower (disempower) those involved in it?
Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

I. POWERFUL EFFECTS WWI and WWII

Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

I. POWERFUL EFFECTS WWI and WWII

Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

II. LIMITED EFFECTS

Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

II. LIMITED EFFECTS

Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

III. USER ORIENTED THEORIES

Uses and Gratifications

Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

III. USER ORIENTED THEORIES

DEPENDENCY THEORY
Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

III. USER ORIENTED THEORIES

EXPECTANCY VALUE THEORY

Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

IV. FUNCTIONAL THEORIES OF MASS MEDIA

Media as an integral part of society

Main functions of media:

a. Information
b. Correlation
c. Continuity
d. Entertainment
e. Mobilization
Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

IV. FUNCTIONAL THEORIES OF MASS MEDIA

DIFFUSION OF INNOVATION
Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

IV. FUNCTIONAL THEORIES OF MASS MEDIA

 Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

IV. FUNCTIONAL THEORIES OF MASS MEDIA

CULTIVATION THEORY
 Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

IV. SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORIES OF COMMUNICATION

SYMBOLIC
INTERACTIONISM
 Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

IV. SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORIES OF COMMUNICATION

SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF REALITY

Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

IV. SOCIO-CULTURAL THEORIES OF COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGICAL DETERMINISM
Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

V. MESSAGE PRODUCTION THEORIES

Sees communication as purposive and goal oriented and cognitive

Factors that affect message production

1. Communicator
2. Goal
3. Context or environment
4. Audience
5. Function
Mapping the field of Communication theories
(Solis, 2014)

VI. MESSAGE RECEPTION THEORIES

ENCODING/DECODING
Stuart Hall