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Contents
UNIT 4
Basic Language Review 6
Autobiography in Five
UNIT 1 Short Chapters 53
What Is Global Warming? 9
Vocabulary: In Other Words;
Vocabulary: Transparent Words in Context; False
Words; In Other Words; Friends
Discourse Markers; Word Structure: Simple Present Interrogative
Formation: Suffixes Form; Another Use of Do; Simple Present
Structure: Noun Phrases; Present Interrogative Form Using Question Words
Progressive; Uses of the -ing form Listening: A Change for the Better Speaking:
Listening: A Hot Topic Speaking: Whats Yes-No Questions Writing: Words and Images
Happening? Writing: Filling a Form Curriculum Links: Philosophy; Sociology
Curriculum Links: Geography; Biology
UNIT 5
UNIT 2 The Father of Flight 65
The Changing of the Guard 23
Vocabulary: In Other Words;
Words in Context
Vocabulary: In Other Words;
Words in Context Structure: Simple Past
Affirmative Form; Simple Past
Structure: Simple Present
Adverbs and Finished-time
Affirmative Form; Adverbs of
Expressions; Uses of the -ing form
Frequency
Listening: On Air Speaking & Writing: Time for an
Listening: After Class Talk Speaking:
Interview
Words and Images Writing: Photo Captions
Curriculum Links: History; Physics
Curriculum Links: Geography; Biology
UNIT 6
UNIT 3 The Boy Who Changed
The Tree Machine 35 The World with His Music 79
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UNIT 7 UNIT 10
Can You Live Without It? 95 How to Live a Better Life 141
Contents 5
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Basic Language Review
Para comearmos nosso curso de lngua inglesa, tomamos como base uma amostra
da obra de um cone cultural dos Estados Unidos. Norman Rockwell (1894-1978),
ilustrador, soube como talvez nenhum outro artista do seu pas retratar a vida, os
costumes, o American way of life, a cultura do povo norte-americano na sua poca.
De sua vasta obra escolhemos dois quadros: Day in the Life of a Little Girl,
composio com nada menos que 22 cenas do cotidiano de uma garotinha um
pequeno filme pintado, de graciosa inocncia, que foi capa da revista Post de 30 de
agosto de 1952 e Spring Flowers, criado bem mais tarde (1969), em que o artista
mostra um cantinho do jardim de sua casa (p. 8). interessante observar os detalhes
das cenas, as pistas que ele deixa para contar a histria, marca registrada de
Norman Rockwell.
Ao ler e responder s perguntas que fizemos sobre essas duas obras, todas muito
simples, voc vai fazer uma breve reviso de contedos de ingls trabalhados no
Ensino Fundamental, base para o estudo que temos pela frente.
Ready? Lets start!
Alguns aspectos Look at the picture and choose the best answer to complete each sentence.
gramaticais
includos neste teste
Norman Rockwell/The Norman Rockwell Museum at Stockbridge
sero abordados
com maior
profundidade na
seo Structure
das unidades deste
livro. Outros, mais
elementares (to
be, to have, there
is/are, was/were,
possessive case, a/
an, this/that, these/
those etc.), sero
vistos em contexto,
ao longo do curso.
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1. Norman Rockwell American artist and 9. Johnny is a bad boy. He is ducking Mary
illustrator. (pushing her water).
a. is a a. over
b. was an b. under
c. has an c. behind
2. You look at one of Rockwells pictures and it
tells you a story. is called Day in the Life of a 10. Now Mary is ducking Johnny. She is pushing
Little Girl. under water. Tit for tat.
a. This one a. he
b. These b. his
c. Those ones c. him
a. she sleeps
13. The two kids are to the movies. Johnny is
b. she is sleeping the tickets. Mary is popcorn.
c. she sleeping
a. eating; going; buying
6. The second scene shows the girl as she . b. going; buying; eating
a. is waking up c. buying; going; eating
b. is still asleep
c. is going to sleep 14. Mary and Johnny are watching a movie and
eating popcorn. Wow! That movie is really .
7. Mary is late for her swimming class. She a
a. boring
banana.
b. cold
a. eats
c. cool
b. eating
c. is eating
15. What a nice ! The kids are having a lot of
8. Splash! Mary is jumping into . fun.
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16. a full moon tonight. Its time for romance, 19. painting is a good example of .
and Johnny is trying to kiss Mary. a. These; Rockwell art
a. There are b. This; Rockwells art
b. There is c. Those; art of Rockwell
c. There was 20. The picture a corner of a house in the
artists backyard and us something about a
17. Mary is writing in diary. What great day!
woman, his wife.
a. her; a
a. show; tell
b. its; an
b. to show; to tell
c. their; the
c. shows; tells
18. Mary is sleeping again. about Johnny? 21. We cannot see in the picture.
a. She is dreaming a. someone
b. Is she dreaming b. anyone
c. Dreaming is she c. no one
Now look at another picture and complete 22. There is no one in the picture, but we can
the sentences. feel the presence of .
a. a man
Norman Rockwell/2010 The Norman Rockwell Family Entities
b. a woman
c. some children
23. That woman is a gardener and we the
impression that she herself could arrive at
any moment.
a. has
b. are
c. have
24. a chair in the picture. It is the door.
a. There is; near
b. There are; in front of
c. There is; behind
25. We can see a bird at the door the door is .
a. as; closed
b. why; locked
c. because; open
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What Is Global Warming?
02Global warming is happening now. Some people
say that it is not true, but scientists know more than
ever before that the Earths climate is changing.
Climate change is a fact, and we, human beings, are
the primary cause. Temperatures are increasing, sea
levels are rising, sea ice is melting. People, animals,
and plants are already feeling the heat.
No Manual do Professor, no tpico Cultural Notes, Language in Use and Exploring the Theme, h
uma srie de informaes de carter cultural e lingustico, alm de sugestes de atividades,
leituras e documentrios relacionados aos temas de cada unidade. No deixe de consult-lo
regularmente para enriquecer suas aulas.
Making predictions
Observe a foto, leia o ttulo e o texto acima. O que est acontecendo? O que est
mudando? Qual a causa? Quem est sendo mais afetado por esse fenmeno? O que
mais voc sabe sobre esse assunto? Que tipo de informao espera encontrar no texto a
seguir? Formule hipteses e verifique-as com a leitura. Expanda a discusso com os alunos sobre os efeitos
do aquecimento global na regio onde vivem ou no
Brasil de modo geral. Pea-lhes que falem sobre alguns desses efeitos que mais chamam a ateno deles.
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READING
Skimming oriente
os alunos a fazer Read the list of words and phrases below. Some of them are from What
primeiro uma leitura Is Global Warming?, others are not. Choose 4 of those words and phrases
superficial, sem
se preocupar com you think are from the text.
a compreenso
de detalhes. O
objetivo dessa mathematics theater office heat
leitura descobrir computer climate change sports show business
a ideia principal do
texto. Para obter carbon dioxide fashion Earth
informaes sobre
esse trabalho,
consulte o tpico
Estratgias de
leitura, no Manual do
Time to Read
Professor.
Now read the text quickly (dont stop at words you dont know) to
understand the main idea and check your predictions.
(Abridged from: WHAT Is Global Warming? Climate Crisis. Available at: <www.climatecrisis.net/the_
evidence.php>, and WHAT Is Global Warming? National Wildlife Federation. Available at: <www.
nwf.org/Wildlife/Threats_to_Wildlife/Global-Warming.aspx>. Access: Mar. 1, 2013.)
As palavras destacadas no udio so comentadas no tpico Pronunciation and Stress, no
Manual do Professor.
10 UNIT 1 What is Global Warming?
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General Comprehension
Word Study
In What Is Global Warming?, as in many other texts related to science, there are many cognates,
transparent words. They are words in a language (English, in this case) that have the same origin and
are similar in form and in meaning to other words in a different language (Portuguese, in this case).
Read the text to find at least 30 transparent words and phrases. Reading images comente com os
global, scientists, fact, human, primary, cause, temperatures, animals, plants, alunos que no apenas as imagens,
evidence, carbon, dioxide, gases, planet, solar, atmosphere, habitable, fossil, mas tambm as caractersticas
gas, forests, forced, habitats, severe, problem, moral, obligation, reduce, tipogrficas e o layout fazem parte
At a Glance de um texto. Saber interpret-los
emissions, energy, future, essential, routine, result, differences
ajuda muito na compreenso de um
texto. Para obter informaes sobre
Look at the pictures and the words in the box. Write the number that esse trabalho, consulte o tpico
corresponds to each word. Estratgias de leitura, no Manual do
Professor.
5 4 1
Skynavin/Shutterstock/Glow Images
6 2 3
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In Other Words Getting meaning from context
Match the two columns to find the definitions of some important words
and phrases from the text.
a. climate change (d) becoming liquid
b. human beings (e) the quality of being hot, the opposite of cold
c. increasing (b) people
d. melting (c) making something become larger in amount
e. heat (f) making it impossible for something to leave
f. trapping (h) extreme, very strict
g. fossil fuels (j) removing
h. severe (k) going up, getting higher
i. reduce (g) substances that produce heat when they are burned
j. clearing (a) global warming
k. rising (i) make something smaller
Discourse markers are words or phrases that help to organize ideas and to
make them clear.
1. Complete the table with the ideas expressed by the discourse markers
from What is Global Warming? Choose from the box.
and e addition
already j time
Paragraph 2
from de origin
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2. Now complete the sentences with the discourse markers from exercise 1.
b. Human activities such as the burning of coal and gas produce air pollution.
d. Global warming is happening now. People, plants and animals are already
feeling the heat.
f. In fact that is not a problem for the future. The time to solve it is now.
natural naturally
great greatly
es
ag
Im
low
normal normally k /G
oc
rst
tte
hu
4 /S
a8
exact exactly
k
Je
avail available
sustain sustainable
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Detailed Comprehension
Finding Specific Information
Scanning
comente com os
alunos que scanning
Scan the text and match the beginnings with the endings of the sentences,
uma leitura rpida, according to What Is Global Warming?
com o objetivo de
buscar palavras
ou informaes a. Climate change is a fact ( g ) we know what is causing global warming.
especficas. Para
obter informaes b. We have to reduce ( e ) are melting.
sobre esse trabalho,
consulte o tpico ( f ) are rising.
Estratgias de
c. The number of severe
leitura, no Manual do storms and droughts ( a ) and we, human beings, are the primary
Professor.
d. We have a moral obligation cause.
e. Glaciers ( c ) is increasing.
f. Temperatures ( b ) our emissions of CO2.
g. The good news is that ( d ) to solve the problem.
True or False?
Mark each statement T (for true) or F (for false), according to the text.
Correct the statements when they are false.
a. Human activities are causing climate change. T
b. Burning coal, gas and oil increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the
planets atmosphere. T
c. There is no evidence that the Earths climate is changing. F There is evidence
d. People, plants, and animals are causing the heat. F feeling
e. The number of severe storms and droughts is melting. F increasing
f. We have a moral obligation to force the emissions of CO2. F reduce
g. One of the ways of stopping global warming is investing in clean energy. T
h. We are all contributors to global warming and we all need to be part of the
solution. T
LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
Antes de ouvirem o
CD, os alunos devem
03 A Hot Topic
ler as perguntas e as
alternativas da atividade 1. Alguns jovens amigos esto conversando sobre um problema
1. Eles devem ouvir o
udio uma vez para importante e do interesse de todos. Oua uma vez para entender o
entender o assunto
e identificar quantas
contexto e assinale a resposta correta.
pessoas participam da
conversa. Se a turma a. Quantos amigos esto conversando?
sentir dificuldade, deixe-
-os ouvir mais uma vez
antes de responderem.
2 4 x 3 5
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b. Qual o assunto da conversa?
x Aquecimento global Superpopulao
Poluio Desmatamento
STRUCTURE
Noun Phrases
Em ingls, ao contrrio do que ocorre em portugus, o adjetivo geralmente
vem antes do substantivo que ele qualifica:
global warming aquecimento global Plant a tree.
primary cause causa principal Trees absorb
carbon dioxide
E no varia no plural: and make clean
air for us to
human beings seres humanos breathe. Save
hot days dias quentes 2,000 lbs. of
carbon dioxide
Scan the text and complete the phrases with the appropriate adjective, per year.
according to What Is Global Warming?
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Alm da locuo adjetivo + substantivo, muito comum o uso de locues
formadas por dois (ou mais) substantivos, em que o primeiro funciona como um
adjetivo, qualificando o segundo. Nesses grupos nominais muito importante
identificar o ncleo, ou seja, o substantivo mais impotante, que aparece por ltimo.
Complete the phrases with the missing nouns. Choose from the box.
Scan the text to find the nouns that complete the following phrases:
To learn more
about this topic, go to
MINIGRAMMAR 22. a. the amount of carbon dioxide a quantidade de dixido de carbono
Temperatures are increasing, sea levels are rising, sea ice is melting.
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Complete with the Present Progressive of the verb to speak.
You are speaking. You are not speaking. Are you speaking?
He / She / It is not
He / She / It is speaking. speaking
Is he / she / it speaking ?
.
We are speaking . We are not speaking . Are we speaking?
You are speaking. You are not speaking . Are you speaking ?
They are speaking . They are not speaking . Are they speaking ?
Notas ortogrficas
Nosverbos terminados em -e, substitui-se essa letra por -ing:
have having write writing live living change changing
Mas isso no acontece com be e os verbos terminados em -ie:
be being die dying lie lying tie tying
Nos verbos de uma slaba (ou duas, desde que a ltima seja a slaba tnica, terminados em uma sequncia
consoante-vogal-consoante), dobra-se a consoante final antes de se acrescentar -ing:
put putting stop stopping swim swimming
begin beginning prefer preferring occur occurring
Mas, quando a slaba tnica do verbo a primeira, isso no ocorre:
open opening happen happening answer answering
Complete the sentences with the Present Progressive of the verbs in the box.
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Uses of the Present Progressive
O Present Progressive usado basicamente para expressar uma ao que est
acontecendo no momento em que se fala:
Its 9 oclock now. I am writing to you from New York.
Tambm usado para expressar uma ao que est ocorrendo na atualidade,
mas no necessariamente no momento em que se fala:
I am taking a course in The Effects of Climate Change.
Alm de indicar aes no presente, o Present Progressive tambm pode ser
To learn more
about this topic, go to
usado para indicar aes futuras, expressando uma inteno, um plano, ou um
MINIGRAMMAR 25/26. compromisso de pratic-las:
* Em geral, as preposies I am going to a lecture on Evolution on Monday morning.
que precedem os verbos
terminados em -ing
Professor Dawkins is coming from Oxford to give that lecture.
mantm seus significados
em portugus e so
traduzidas (after/before
warming the water = depois
Uses of the -ing Form
de/antes de aquecer a
gua). Note tambm que Como vimos, a forma terminada em -ing de um verbo principal usada na
nesses casos o verbo
corresponde ao infinitivo composio do Present Progressive. Veja um exemplo com o verbo to warm:
em portugus.
A nica exceo a The world is warming.
preposio by; quando
seguida de um verbo Essa mesma forma em -ing pode ser usada com outras funes e outros
terminado em -ing ela
no tem significado em significados. Assim, na locuo global warming, a palavra sublinhada significa
portugus, portanto, no aquecimento e , portanto, um substantivo. Alm de a terminao em -ing
traduzida e o verbo fica
no gerndio (by warming ser uma forma verbal componente do Present Progressive e de seu uso como
the water = aquecendo a substantivo, tambm possvel encontr-la:
gua).
Pa u
l como adjetivo:
lM
il e s
/A x
iom
Ph
ot
The warming climate is an urgent problem.
og
ra
ph
ic
Ag
en
cy
l como forma nominal, sujeito ou objeto da orao, mas
/G
et
ty
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In each sentence check the alternative which the word in bold corresponds to.
a. The burning of coal, gasoline and gas adds to air pollution.
x queima queimando
b. Reading is one of the four linguistic skills.
x ler lendo
c. The boys are running in the park.
x correndo corrida
d. Running shoes are generally more expensive than common shoes.
correndo x de corrida
e. They are burning another area of the forest. They are destroying it by fire.
queima x queimando
SPEAKING
Whats Happening?
1. Observe a ilustrao e descreva o
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2. Ainda com um colega observe a sala de aula e descreva algumas aes
que esto ocorrendo no momento. As aes da atividade anterior e os
verbos e as locues do quadro abaixo podem ajud-lo.
write ask listen read on the board on the notebook a question to the teacher
WRITING
Filling a Form
1. Quando queremos nos inscrever em um clube ou uma associao,
precisamos preencher um formulrio. Que caracterstica possui um
formulrio? Quais dados, em geral, so pedidos?
2. Existem diversas organizaes nacionais e internacionais preocupadas
em promover aes para a conservao do planeta. Preencha o formulrio
abaixo e faa parte da instituio (fictcia) Our Planet.
REQUIRED INFORMATION
First Name:
Last Name:
E-mail:
Home Address:
City:
State:
ZIP/Postal Code:
Country:
Cell/Mobile Phone:
Sign up for Our Planets newsletter and start saving life on Earth!
Algumas informaes 3. Troque seu formulrio com um colega, veja se ele ou ela preencheu
adicionais em formulrios
tambm podem ser: age devidamente os campos, e pense em outra pergunta ou solicitao de
(idade); date of birthday
(data de nascimento);
informao que um formulrio como esse poderia conter.
code area (cdigo DDD
antes do telefone) etc.
Para finalizar a atividade pergunte aos alunos em que outras situaes precisariam preencher
20 UNIT 1 What is Global Warming? um formulrio (inscrever-se em um curso, candidatar-se a uma vaga de trabalho etc.).
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Another Look at...
Reproduo/WWF
Climate Change
Observe o pster ao lado, atente para
a linguagem verbal e tambm para a
no verbal e escolha as alternativas
mais adequadas a cada questo.
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derretimento acelerado do gelo nos dois polos do
THINK
Oplaneta ameaa, entre muitas outras espcies,
os ursos no rtico e os pinguins na Antrtida.
Na origem desse derretimento est, sem dvida,
climate change, global warming. Outros efeitos do
ABOUT IT mesmo problema, como inundaes, secas, furaces,
tsunamis etc. so tambm frequentes. Problema
agudo dos ltimos anos, continua sem perspectiva de
soluo, e ameaa tornar-se crnico, j que os lderes
polticos dos pases que mais contribuem para a poluio
do planeta no conseguem chegar a um acordo que venha limitar as
emisses de gases poluentes na atmosfera. Havia uma grande expectativa
em torno do que poderia ter sido resolvido na Rio + 20 The Future We Want,
a conferncia das Naes Unidas
sobre Desenvolvimento Sustentvel,
GORE, Al. Our Choice: How We Can Solve the Climate Crisis. New York: Puffin Books, 2009.
LOVELOCK, James. A vingana de Gaia. Rio de Janeiro: Intrnseca, 2006.
UMA VERDADE inconveniente. Direo: Davis Guggenheim. Produo: Scott Burns; Lawrence Bender;
Jeff Skoll. Apresentao: Al Gore, 2006.
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The Changing of the Guard
Winter arrives in Antarctica in March, when nearly
04
all creatures leave except for the emperor penguin, the only
animal that spends the winter on Antarcticas open ice. They
spend their entire lives on Antarctic ice and its waters.
Frans Lanting/Corbis
Making predictions
Quando comea o inverno na Antrtida? Com a chegada do inverno quase todos os animais
abandonam o continente gelado. Qual o nico animal que fica? Quanto tempo ele passa na
superfcie gelada da Antrtida? O que mais voc sabe a respeito dessa espcie? Voc sabia que
o macho poderia, com justia, concorrer ao ttulo de pai-heri do reino animal? Por qu? E a que
mudana da guarda pode estar se referindo o ttulo do texto? Recorde o que voc j sabe sobre
os pinguins-imperadores, formule hipteses sobre o que vai ler a seguir e verifique-as com a leitura.
23
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READING
These 6 words are from The Changing of the Guard, but their letters are
not in the correct order. Can you unscramble them?
Now read the text quickly to understand the main idea and check your
predictions.
The wind blows very, very hard. But the penguins just
stay there. And survive. Finally, after over two months,
the females return from the sea, bringing food they
regurgitate, to feed the now hatched chicks. The two birds
greet each other noisily. Then the male changes places
The male penguin incubates
with the female; writers call this the changing of the his egg, keeping it warm on his feet
guard. The mother takes over care of the chick and the covered by his stomach.
male finally starts the long trip to the open sea and food.
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General Comprehension
Skim the text to find the main ideas in each paragraph and match the boxes.
a. Title and opening text (page 23) ( c ) The male penguin incubates the egg for over two months.
( d ) The changing of the guard happens when the female
b. Paragraph one
penguin returns from the sea.
c. Paragraph two ( ) Emperor penguins never leave Antarctica.
a
d. Paragraph three ( b ) Female penguins lay one egg and go to the sea to get their
food.
Word Study
Find the words or phrases in the text that have the same meaning as those in bold:
Paragraph 2 f. until the baby comes out of the egg the egg hatches
Paragraph 3
i. The two birds say hello to one another greet each other noisily
with a lot of noise
Words in Context
Complete the sentences with the correct words, according to The Changing of the Guard.
a. Romeo loves Juliet. Juliet loves Romeo. Romeo and Juliet love .
together several x each other whole entire
b. most birds, penguins are not able to fly.
Until During Across x Unlike Every
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c. Its a harsh winter and the water on the lake is .
x frozen warm single blinding open
d. Its 11:58 p.m. Its midnight.
near icy noisily x nearly after
e. When Mr. Smith is on vacation his brother care of the office.
x takes over feeds leaves travels hatches
Detailed Comprehension
1. Number the sentences from 1 (first event) to 10 (last event), putting the events in the
correct order.
a. ( 9 ) Male and female change places. Its the changing of the guard.
b. ( 6 ) Finally, after more than two months, the females return from the sea.
c. ( 1 ) Emperor penguins breed during the long Antarctic winter.
d. ( 3 ) Females go to the open sea to get their food.
e. ( 5 ) The male penguins just stay there on the open ice for more than two months.
f. ( 7 ) The two birds greet each other noisily.
g. ( 2 ) After a courtship of several weeks, females lay one single egg and then leave it behind.
h. (10) The female takes over care of the chick and the male goes to the sea to get his food.
i. ( 8 ) The female regurgitates food and gives it to the chick.
j. ( 4 ) The male emperor penguin incubates his egg by keeping it warm on his feet.
2. Now use the information in the previous exercise to help you complete the sentences.
They show the correct sequence of events in The Changing of the Guard.
f
b
e
d
c
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a. Emperor penguins breed during the long Antarctic winter.
c. The male stays there on the open ice incubating the egg.
e. Finally, the female returns from the sea and the two birds
greet each other noisily. The female regurgitates food and
gives it to the chick.
f. The female takes over care of the chick and after that the male
goes to the sea to get his food.
LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
05 After Class Talk
1. Susan e Michael, alunos de uma high school norte-americana
(equivalente escola de Ensino Mdio no Brasil), esto saindo de uma aula e
conversando sobre algo. Oua o narrador e escolha a resposta adequada:
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STRUCTURE
when nearly all creatures leave except for the emperor penguin
the only animal that spends the winter on Antarcticas open ice
Esse tempo verbal tambm usado para falar de verdades universais, fatos
cientficos e da natureza:
Every year, female emperors go to the open sea to get their food.
They spend their entire lives on Antarctic ice and its waters.
They travel about 80 kilometers across the frozen surface every winter.
I live I leave
you live you leave
we live we leave
they live they leave
he lives he leaves
Male and she lives she leaves
female change
it lives it leaves
places. It's the
"changing of the Observe as excees:
guard".
verbos terminados em -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x e -o: em vez de -s, acrescenta-se -es.
I try he tries
I study she studies
I fly it flies
I carry he carries
I cry she cries
Neale Cousland/Shutterstock/Glow Images
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mas a regra geral aplicada nos verbos terminados em vogal + y, ou seja, acrescenta-se -s:
I say he says* * Pronuncia-se /sez/.
I buy she buys
I pay he pays
I pray she prays
I stay it stays
Veja abaixo a conjugao no Simple Present dos verbos to live, to go e to play, na forma afirmativa:
I live I go I play
you live you go you play
we live we go we play
you live you go you play
they live they go they play
1. Complete the sentences with the Simple Present of the verbs in the box, according to
The Changing of the Guard.
b. Every year, female emperors go to the open sea to get their food.
e. Emperor penguins spend the long Antarctic winter on the open ice.
h. The penguins travel about 80 kilometers across the frozen surface every winter.
i. The Antarctic winter is harsh, but the penguins survive . To learn more
about this topic, go to
j. Finally, after over two months, the females return from the sea. MINIGRAMMAR 11.
Then the male changes places with the female; writers call this...
The mother takes over care of the chick and the male finally starts the long trip...
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Estdio 1+2/Arquivo da editora
Adverbs of Frequency
Observe as palavras em destaque:
Winter always arrives in Antarctic in March. +
Emperor penguins never leave Antarctica.
Most birds often breed during springtime. +
often, usually,
always frequently generally sometimes seldom, rarely hardly ever never
Agora, classifique os advrbios das frases no topo da pgina de acordo com o sentido: maior (+)
ou menor () frequncia.
A posio mais comum dos adverbs of frequency :
antes da forma simples dos verbos, principalmente o Simple Present:
Alm do seu uso mais frequente, acompanhando o Simple Present, o advrbio always pode aparecer
com o Present Progressive, para expressar uma crtica a respeito da frequncia com que a ao
acontece. Compare:
1. Complete the following sentences using the adverbs and verbs from the box.
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e. That train never arrives late. It always arrives on time.
f. Jane and Greg always feel happy when they see each other. They are in love.
2. Pergunte a um colega sobre a frequncia com que ele realiza as atividades listadas no quadro
abaixo. Siga o exemplo:
How often do you go to the mall? To learn more
about this topic, go to
I always go to the mall. MINIGRAMMAR 14.
WRITING
Photo Captions
2 4
Patricio Crooker/Corbis/Latinstock
1
Bolivia produces less than
1. Marcio Silva/A Crtica/Folhapress
2. Mauricio Simonetti/Pulsar Imagens
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Comente com os 3. Usando as palavras e locues do quadro, crie legendas para as imagens
alunos que eles
devem prestar abaixo. Pense nas caractersticas do texto das legendas, observando os
ateno flexo do
verbo ao escreverem
exemplos da pgina anterior e procure atrair o interesse do leitor.
as legendas.
SPEAKING
Words and Images Em duplas, os alunos revezam-se no role-playing dos novos dilogos.
Leia o texto abaixo e as duas legendas das fotos. Revezando-se com um
colega, converse sobre os animais das fotos, usando o dilogo como modelo.
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Another Look at...
Emperor Penguins Scanning
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om a chegada do inverno na Antrtida, l vo
THINK
C
eles, em marcha, os pinguins-imperadores. O
documentrio realizado pelo diretor francs
Luc Jacquet, chamado A marcha dos pinguins, mostra
como nas condies cruis do inverno antrtico eles
ABOUT IT abandonam a segurana da sua colnia no oceano,
marchando cerca de 80 quilmetros na longa viagem
em busca de um parceiro para acasalar e assim garantir a
sobrevivncia da espcie. Esses animais sofrem, como
vimos em What Is Global Warming?, as consequncias do aquecimento global,
da mudana climtica. Que outros animais ou outras espcies
esto ameaados? E o prprio ser
humano, ser que tem ideia das
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The Tree Machine
06Trees are great and beautiful machines, powered by sunlight taking
in water from the ground and carbon dioxide from the air, converting
these materials into food for their use and ours.
Carl Sagan, in Cosmos.
Gerolf Kalt/Corbis
Making predictions
Observe a foto, o ttulo e o texto acima. Qual a personagem principal? Por que ela pode ser
comparada a uma mquina? Qual a origem da energia dessa mquina? Que nome damos
a um dos processos bsicos da natureza no qual os vegetais sintetizam a matria orgnica
a partir da luz solar com desprendimento de oxignio? O que mais voc sabe sobre esse
processo? Por que as florestas (como a Amaznica e a mata Atlntica) so s vezes chamadas
de o pulmo da Terra? Formule hipteses sobre o texto a seguir e verifique-as com a leitura.
35
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READING
Incentive os alunos Read the list of words and phrases in the box below. They are related to a
a lembrar de biochemical process. Which one? Talk to a classmate about it. Photosynthesis
outras palavras
ou expresses
relacionadas
ao processo de
plant life sunlight green carbon dioxide water energy
fotossntese, tanto Algumas palavras relacionadas fotossntese incluem: tree(s), ground, soil, air, leaf/leaves, food, root(s),
em ingls quanto em minerals, biology etc.
portugus.
Time to Read Skimming
Now read the text quickly to understand the main idea and check your
predictions.
M
ost forms of life on When a tree dies, it gives nutrients to
Earth need oxygen. We the soil for other trees to use as fuel.
do not get oxygen from So, the tree does not die, actually.*It
industrial machines. We get it from the recycles its substance for the benefit
* Explique aos 5 tree machine. Trees make the oxygen 30 of all animal and plant life.
alunos que
actually significa that we need to take in from the air. Please remember: the tree is your
realmente, na
verdade e NO Industrial machines cause air pollution. friend. Do not destroy it.
atualmente (at
present). um falso Trees do not pollute the air. On the
cognato, ou seja,
uma palavra muito
contrary, they clean it. The industrial
semelhante a outra 10 machine causes noise pollution. The
em portugus,
mas com sentido tree machine does not make
diferente.
any noise. On the contrary, it
filters noise.
The tree machine
15 does not need
coal, oil, steam,
gas, or electricity
to work. Its fuel
comes from water,
20 sunlight, and carbon
dioxide. When a tree dies,
As palavras it helps new plants. The
destacadas no udio
so comentadas no
combination of water, insects,
tpico Pronunciation and microorganisms in the soil
and Stress, no
Manual do Professor. 25 causes the decomposition of the tree. Elena Elisseeva/
Shutterstock/Glow Images
(Adapted from: SCIENCE and Children, Washington, D.C., National Science Teachers Association, March 1985.)
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General Comprehension
Whats the Main Idea? Skimming
Choose the sentence that contains the most important idea (and not just the details) in the
text.
c. The tree works for the benefit of humanity, animals, and plants.
d. Trees make the oxygen that we need to take from the air.
Word Study
In Other Words Getting meaning from context
Find the words or phrases in the text that have the same meaning
as those in bold:
meaning of words from different areas comente com os alunos que a identificao de palavras
Word Webs Distinguishing
de um mesmo campo lexical ajuda na compreenso do texto e na ampliao do vocabulrio. Para obter informaes
sobre esse trabalho, consulte o tpico Estratgias de leitura, no Manual do Professor.
Complete the diagrams with the words from the box.
noise pollution carbon dioxide coal oil oxygen sunlight insects microorganisms
electricity fuel water soil air pollution ground nutrients steam
steam coal
ground sunlight
The Tree Industrial
Machine Machines
nutrients insects air pollution oil
soil microorganisms
water fuel electricity
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Discourse Markers Using grammar for vocabulary expansion
Discourse markers are words or phrases that help to organize ideas and to
make them clear.
1. Observe the different meanings and complete the table with the ideas
expressed by the discourse markers from The Tree Machine. Choose from
the box.
17 or ou alternative
a. Trees do not cause air pollution. On the contrary/Actually they clean the air.
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Detailed Comprehension
STRUCTURE
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Ask and answer these questions using possessive adjectives:
my, his, her etc.
f. Whats the name of North Americans president? The name of their president is
converting these materials into food for their use and ours.
for their use and our use. for their use and ours.
Pronomes Pronomes
Pronomes
possessivos possessivos
pessoais
(adjetivos) (substantivos)
I my mine meu(s); minha(s)
you your yours seu(s); sua(s) de voc
he his his seu(s); sua(s) dele
she her hers seu(s); sua(s) dela
it its ---* seu(s); sua(s) dele; dela**
we our ours nosso(s); nossa(s)
you your yours vosso(s); vossa(s) de vocs
they their theirs seu(s); sua(s) deles; delas***
* Forma no usada. ** Objeto ou animal. *** Pessoas, objetos ou animais.
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Choose the correct possessive adjectives or possessive pronouns in
parentheses to complete each sentence.
a. The ice on which the Antarctic penguins raise their chicks is melting.
(their theirs our ours)
b. For the penguins it is a disaster, she says. Dr. Lara Hansen is a scientist
and her words are a serious warning about the consequences of
climate change. (her hers his your)
c. Emperor penguins spend their entire lives on Antarctic ice and To learn more
its waters. (his her their theirs) (his her its my) about this topic, go to
MINIGRAMMAR 6.
d. The male emperor penguin incubates his egg, keeping it warm on
his feet. (his her our hers) (his her their theirs)
e. Carl Sagan was an American astronomer, professor, scientist and writer.
His words about man and our planet are a beautiful
message to all of us. (His Her Our Its) (its our ours their)
f. The tree machine does not need coal, oil, steam, gas, or electricity to work.
Its fuel comes from water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide.
(Their His Hers Its)
g. We live on a small planet. Earth is our small planet.
(its our his ours)
h. They have their problems. We have ours . (theirs its our ours)
i. Adele has a beautiful voice, but I prefer your voice to hers .
(its his her hers)
j. Cosmos is one of my favorite books. Is it one of yours too?
(yours mine its my) (their its your yours)
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Conclumos ento que para expressar aes negativas no Simple Present
em ingls usamos do not (ou dont na forma curta, prpria da oralidade, da
linguagem informal) + a forma bsica do verbo. Para a 3a pessoa do singular (he,
she, it), usamos does not (ou doesnt na forma curta) + a forma bsica do verbo.
I I
work in Brazil. do not work (don't) work in England.
You You
He He
It It
We We
They They
b. Trees convert water and carbon dioxide into food for their use and ours.
(convert / converts / does convert)
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2. Choose from the verb forms in the box to complete the following
sentences:
dies helps does not help does not filter does not make
does not die do not get do not pollute cause
3. Now choose the verbs from this box and modify them accordingly to
complete the following sentences:
a. The tree works for the benefit of humanity, animals, and plants.
d. The tree machine doesn't need coal, oil, steam, gas, or electricity to
work.
They give us
e. The tree recycles its substance for our benefit. flowers and
food, they give
4. Make new sentences, using the negative form of each verb + the words us shade and
wood...
in parentheses.
a. Humans breathe oxygen. (carbon dioxide) Humans dont breathe carbon dioxide.
b. Cars pollute the air. (sea) Cars dont pollute the sea.
d. Steam comes from water. (oil) Steam doesnt come from oil.
e. A tree works for our benefit. (the benefit of oil) A tree doesnt work for the benefit of oil.
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Imperative
Observe o sentido destas frases, especialmente o modo verbal em destaque:
Please remember: the tree is our friend. Do not destroy it.
Pelo contexto conclui-se que o modo verbal em destaque nas duas frases o
imperative. O imperativo usado para expressar um comando, ordem ou pedido.
Em ingls a formao do imperativo muito simples: a mesma do infinitivo, sem
to. No negativo usa-se do not (ou dont, na forma curta), antes do verbo.
Veja mais alguns exemplos de frases no modo imperativo:
Uma outra forma (mais gentil) de apresentar sugestes sobre aes que
incluem a pessoa que fala usar lets + o infinitivo do verbo, sem to.
Lets open/close our books.
Complete the sentences with the imperative forms in the box, as
adequate.
Plant Let's eat Protect Let's get out Let's listen Do not destroy
don't park Use Don't eat Save Let's go Don't waste
f. Fruit and vegetables are good for our health. Lets eat lots of them!
i. Its hot in here. Lets get out and have a glass of water.
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LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
07 2. Aysha Pokolo professora de Biologia em uma escola secundria de Cape Town. Hoje
Aysha aplicou a seus alunos um quiz, um teste rpido. Oua um trecho desse teste e escreva se
Os alunos ouvem o udio duas vezes; na segunda, prestam especial ateno
as frases so T (True) ou F (False). s frases. D uma breve pausa aps cada frase para que eles consigam
identificar se elas so verdadeiras (True) ou falsas (False). Ao final da
atividade, eles ouvem o udio novamente para conferir as respostas.
( T ) Number 1
Michaeljung/Shutterstock/Glow Images
( F ) Number 2
( T ) Number 3
( T ) Number 4
( T ) Number 5
( T ) Number 6
( T ) Number 7
( F ) Number 8
( T ) Number 9
( F ) Number 10
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WRITING & SPEAKING
Oriente cada aluno a completar o texto individualmente e com as opes
Time for a Quiz verdadeiras para ele. Desse modo, no h resposta certa ou errada.
1. Individualmente leia o texto e complete-o com uma ou mais palavras
entre parnteses.
2. Use algumas das informaes acima e prepare um quiz para seu colega,
inserindo as mesmas opes de respostas ou outras e fazendo os ajustes
necessrios. Veja como foi preparado o quiz sobre Cape Town, quais os
elementos e como as perguntas so formuladas. As respostas podem ter
vrias opes ou apenas duas, com yes ou no, ou true ou false, como no
caso do quiz aplicado pela professora Aysha.
Chame a ateno Exemplos:
dos alunos para as
caractersticas do quiz
e mostre-as usando a Your favorite place is
primeira atividade do
"Listening" e os exemplos
big. quiet. green. sunny.
ao lado. Mostre que
no primeiro exemplo a
pessoa que responde
Is your favorite place green?
ao quiz deve completar Yes or No
a frase, no segundo,
ela deve responder
pergunta e no terceiro Your favorite place is green.
exemplo apenas dizer se
a afirmao verdadeira True or False
ou falsa. Todos esses
modelos podem compor
um quiz, porm
interessante manter a 3. Depois de preparar o quiz, faa as perguntas a um colega e responda
uniformidade entre as
perguntas, ou seja, todas s dele oralmente. No final, descreva o lugar favorito de seu colega para
as perguntas de um outro colega e tentem adivinhar que lugar esse: a park, a valley, a forest,
mesmo quiz devem seguir
um mesmo padro. a beach etc.
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Another Look at...
Photosynthesis
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s rvores so essenciais nossa vida. Sem
THINK
A elas a vida animal (e que somos ns, afinal?)
seria insustentvel. Elas nos do tudo: o ar que
respiramos, a sombra que nos abriga, os frutos e as
frutas de que nos alimentamos, os remdios para muitos
ABOUT IT dos nossos males, a madeira da nossa casa, a fertilidade
do solo, o controle da eroso, e tantos outros produtos
e servios. As rvores esto presentes no ciclo inteiro da
nossa vida, so o bero que embala nossos primeiros dias, o
caixo que nos acompanha no fim.
Schab/Shutterstock/Glow Images
They give us flowers and food,
And then we cut them down.
They give us shade and wood,
And then we cut them down.
They give us the book youre reading,
And then we cut them down.
They give us the gas were breathing,
And still we cut them down.
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Check Your English 1
1. Mark the correct answers to these questions. b. ice / penguins / on / Antarctic / spend / lives /
emperor / their / waters / its / and / entire
a. This problem is in the newspapers almost every
Emperor penguins spend their entire lives on
day. What are human beings putting into the
Antarctic ice and its waters.
atmosphere?
Factories
c. causing / air / global / warming / pollution / is
x Pollution
Air pollution is causing global warming.
Climate
d. pollute / air / not / trees / do / the
b. What is air pollution causing? Trees do not pollute the air.
Human activity
e. climate / beings / the / human / are / causing / crisis
Precious resources Human beings are causing the climate crisis.
x Global warming
0.1 point each /0.5
c. When we refer to emperor penguins, what is the
changing of the guard? When male and female 3. Replace the words in bold with possessive
change their chicks. pronouns.
x change places. mine yours his hers ours theirs
change their food.
a. They have their problems. We have our
d. Why is global warming affecting animals like problems.ours
the polar bears in the Arctic and the emperor
penguins in Antarctica? b. This is my planet and it is your planet, too.
yours
x Because it is destroying their homes, their
habitats. c. We burn gas in our stoves. They burn gas in
their stoves. theirs
Because it is spoiling precious resources.
d. The tree is your friend. It is her friend, too.
Because of the extreme weather in those
hers
regions.
e. They are destroying their homes and
e. Trees are great and beautiful machines, in the
they are destroying my home, too. mine
words of some scientists. What happens when a
tree dies? 0.1 point each /0.5
x It helps new plants.
It filters noise. 4. Match the verbs on the left with the phrases on
the right.
It causes the decomposition of the soil.
a. burn b the long Antarctic winter
0.4 point each /2
b. survive c emissions of CO2
2. Put the words below in the correct order to
c. reduce a fossil fuels
make sentences.
d. lay e the air
a. oxygen / machines / not / we / from / industrial /
do / get e. clean d an egg
We do not get oxygen from industrial machines.
Esta seo tem o objetivo de avaliar o 0.1 point each /0.5
que o aluno j aprendeu e identificar
aspectos que eventualmente devero ser mais trabalhados. Ela apresenta uma sntese do contedo lingustico apresentado nas trs units que
a antecedem, seguida de questes com base em textos novos em que os alunos devero fazer uso das estratgias de leitura praticadas desde
a Unit 1. A pontuao sugerida para cada teste apenas um recurso para que o prprio aluno avalie seu desempenho. Alm do resultado neste 49
teste, considere a execuo de trabalhos, a participao e o interesse do aluno na aula, de modo a mant-lo sempre motivado a melhorar.
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5. Complete the sentences with one of the words 7. Leia o Text II e responda s questes a seguir.
in the box, as adequate. In one of the sentences,
Text II
more than one word is possible.
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a. O ttulo do texto sintetiza um processo bsico da He is a great horseback rider and his horse can
natureza, fundamental para a vida. Qual esse run really fast.
processo?
New York and Virginia are not on the same time
A fotossntese.
zone.
b. Nesse processo as plantas absorvem um gs e x His horses name is Wednesday.
liberam outro. Identifique esses dois gases.
Absorvem dixido de carbono/gs carbnico e He applies Einsteins theory of relativity.
liberam oxignio.
He uses a time machine.
c. Qual o elemento bsico da vida, segundo o
/0.5
texto?
O carbono.
9. (Enem-2010)
d. O que as plantas usam para converter o gs
carbnico e a gua nas substncias orgnicas de
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Oriente o aluno a avaliar o seu desempenho no teste e tambm
quanto aos objetivos de ensino deste bimestre.
Fonte:RevistaNewscientist.21maio2011, p.20.
10. (UEL-2012) Leia o cartaz a seguir. SELF-EVALUATION (UNITS 1, 2 AND 3)
Can
Excellent Good OK
do better
Test total:
10-9 8-7 6-5 less than 5
out of 10
a. Que evento esse, onde acontece e quanto custa ( ) distinguish between the use of possessive
para v-lo? adjectives and possessive pronouns.
O evento uma exposio de objetos pertencentes a ( ) listen to a conversation and a brief talk and
James Watt. O evento acontece no Museu da Cincia understand their meanings.
(Science Museum) e a entrada franca (Free entry). ( ) role-play a dialogue or a conversation.
b. De acordo com o cartaz, qual a importncia ( ) talk about my favorite place and my classmates.
histrica de James Watt? ( ) describe a scene.
James Watt foi o primeiro heri da revoluo
( ) fill out a form.
industrial britnica (the first hero of
Britains Industrial Revolution).
( ) write photo captions.
( ) prepare a quiz.
1 point each /2
( ) reflect and debate about the relationship between
man and nature and the resultant ecological crisis
we face today.
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Autobiography in
Five Short Chapters
08 Do you make silly mistakes now and
then? Do you insist on making the same
mistakes? Does habit sometimes assume
control of your actions? Does life teach
you a lesson sometimes? Do you learn
from your mistakes? Read the poem and
see if it makes any sense to you.
Making predictions
Usando metforas como as asas da imaginao, os poetas falam da vida como sendo uma
jornada ou uma viagem, s vezes tranquila e prazerosa, outras vezes nem tanto. No poema
que vamos ler a seguir essa metfora da vida apresentada de modo a permitir diversas
interpretaes. Formule hipteses sobre elas e verifique-as com a leitura.
53
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READING
An autobiography is a story
about your life that somebody writes.
that people write about their own lives.
x about your life that you write yourself.
Now read the text quickly to understand the main idea and check your
predictions.
(NELSON, Portia. Autobiography in Five Short Chapters. In: Theres a Hole in My Sidewalk:
The Romance of Self-Discovery. Hillsboro: Beyond Words Publishing, 1993.)
General Comprehension
Portia Nelson (1920-
-2001) foi uma cantora,
compositora, atriz e
autora norte-americana. Skimming
Para mais informaes,
Whats It All About?
acesse o site
<http://portianelson. A metaphor is a word or phrase that means one thing and is used, especially in
com/>. Acesso: 1 mar.
2013. literature, to refer to another thing to emphasize their similar qualities.
As palavras destacadas
no udio so comentadas In the poem, the author uses the word chapters to refer to sections of
no tpico Pronunciation
and Stress, no Manual do
Professor. a book a story x someones life a problem
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Word Study Getting meaning from context
In Other Words
Find the words or phrases in the poem that mean the same as the
definitions and phrases below. They appear in the same order in the poem.
a. profound deep
b. a cavity, a hollow place in the surface of the ground a hole
c. the pavement by the side of a street the sidewalk
d. move quickly downwards, by accident fall
e. I dont know where I am I am lost
f. I am not able to do anything without help I am helpless
g. I am not to blame It isn't my fault
h. It takes a long, long time It takes forever
i. an exit a way out
j. I make believe I pretend
Words in Context
e. Peter is an old man but he finds it hard to lose that bad habit.
around x still same another
False Friends
False friends or false cognates are words in a language that look similar to
words in another language but have different meanings.
In the sentence I pretend I dont see it the word in bold looks similar to
pretender in Portuguese, but it actually means fingir. Pretend is one of the many
false friends in English, when comparing with Portuguese. Actually is another false
friend, as it does not mean atualmente. What does actually mean? Actually is a
synonym for really, in fact, so it means realmente, na verdade.
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Observe the words in bold in the following sentences. They are all false
friends. Choose the correct meaning of each one.
es
Imag
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Write the corresponding chapter to find the periods in her life when
a. again she finds herself in the same difficult situation.
Chapter Two
b. she is in control of her life and decides to do things in a different way; she
avoids that familiar hole and manages not to fall in.
"Straight ahead,
Chapter Four left, right...
Which way
c. for the first time she faces difficulties that seem to be out of her control. should I go?"
Chapter One
d. she changes her behavior completely and makes a new choice, giving her
life a new direction.
Chapter Five
e. she falls into the same hole once again but this time she realizes she is
responsible for being there and decides to change her attitude.
Chapter Three
It isnt my fault.
It takes forever to find a way out.
In Chapter Three, the author says:
It is my fault.
I get out immediately.
STRUCTURE
Com base nesses exemplos, vemos que, para formar perguntas no Simple
Present, emprega-se o verbo auxiliar to do no incio da pergunta, antes do sujeito.
Nesse caso, ele no tem traduo e usado como auxiliar de todos os verbos
principais, inclusive do prprio verbo to do, quando esse significa fazer.
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Nas perguntas a seguir, identifique o do como verbo auxiliar e como verbo
principal. Em seguida, traduza-as.
1. Match the questions to the answers. * Chame a ateno dos alunos para
a diferena entre fall in (em que in
uma partcula adverbial, no seguida
a. Yes, she does. de substantivo) e fall into (em que
b. No, she doesn't. into uma preposio, seguida de
substantivo, no caso the hole).
c. No, it doesn't.
(a) In Chapter One, does the author walk down the street?
(a) Does she fall into* a hole in the sidewalk?
(b) Does she find a way out immediately?
(a) In Chapter Two, does she fall in* again?
(b) Does she get out immediately?
(a) In Chapter Three, does she see the hole in the sidewalk?
(a) Does she know where she is?
(c) Does it take her a long time to get out?
(b) In Chapter Four, does she fall in?
(b) In Chapter Five, does she walk down the same street?
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2. Now give short answers to these questions. Respostas pessoais. / Respostas sugeridas:
a. Do you come to school every day?
Yes, I do.
Another Use of Do
Alm do seu uso como verbo principal, com o significado de fazer, e do
importante uso como verbo auxiliar da forma interrogativa (e tambm da negativa)
dos outros verbos, do (ou does, quando o sujeito for da 3a pessoa do singular)
pode tambm aparecer em lugar de um outro verbo, quando este for bvio ou
subentendido. Observe esta resposta, especialmente o do em destaque:
Do you learn from your mistakes? Of course you do.
Nessa frase o do foi usado para evitar a repetio de outro verbo e seu
complemento learn from your mistakes/them.
sujeito sujeito
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Observe o quadro das question words:
what: o que, qual (geral) whose: de quem why: por que how many: quantos
which: qual (especfico) where: onde how: como how long: quanto tempo
who: quem when: quando how much: quanto how often: com que frequncia
a. Who walks down the street? ( d ) She feels lost and helpless.
b. What is there in the sidewalk? ( g ) She gets out immediately.
c. Why does she fall into the hole?
( a ) The author does.
d. How does she feel when she is in the hole?
( i ) She walks down another street.
e. How long does it take to find a way out?
f. Which street does she walk down in ( h ) Because she doesnt want to fall in again.
Chapter Two? ( e ) It takes a long time to find a way out.
g. When does she get out in Chapter Three?
( f ) She walks down the same street.
h. Why does she walk around the hole in
Chapter Four? ( c ) Because she doesnt see it.
i. Where does she walk in Chapter Five? ( b ) There is a hole in the sidewalk.
2. Now match the columns to find the correct answer to each question.
To learn more
about this topic, go to
MINIGRAMMAR 23.
LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
09 A Change for the Better
Debbie, uma aluna norte-americana, e Andr, seu amigo brasileiro, esto conversando sobre
um problema que est incomodando Andr e precisa ser mudado. Oua o dilogo e marque as
alternativas corretas.
es
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SPEAKING
10 Yes-No Questions
1. A figura abaixo apresenta a entonao de uma yes-no question (um tipo de pergunta a que
podemos responder sim ou no). Observe a figura e oua como esse tipo de questo
pronunciado.
2. Em duplas, faa perguntas e responda sobre seus hbitos e os de outras pessoas. H algum
deles que seria bom mudar? O quadro abaixo pode ajud-lo a fazer e a responder s perguntas.
No se esquea de observar a entonao, levando em conta o que foi visto na atividade 1.
Yes, I do.
Do you wash the dishes?
No, I don't.
3. Ao final, troquem as duplas e perguntem sobre os hbitos do outro colega com quem
conversaram. Por fim, respondam s seguintes perguntas:
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WRITING
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Antes de iniciar a atividade pergunte aos alunos se eles conhecem as
Another Look at... personalidades desta atividade: Albert Einstein (Mar. 14, 1879-Apr. 18,
1955) was the German-American physicist who developed the general
theory of relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. Helen Keller (Jun.
27, 1880-Jun. 1, 1968) was an American author, political activist, and
lecturer. John Lennon, full name John Winston Lennon (Oct. 9,
1940-Dec. 8, 1980), was an English musician, singer and songwriter, a
Life Lessons founder member of The Beatles. Eleanor Roosevelt (Oct. 11, 1884-Nov.
7, 1962) was the First Lady of the United States of America from 1933
to 1945. Mark Twain, real name Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Nov. 30,
What do they mean by that? 1835-Apr. 21, 1910), was an American author and humorist. One of his
most famous novels is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876).
These are quotes from some famous personalities and their life lessons. Match each
quote with its meaning.
1 2 3 4 5
Insanity is Life is a daring Life is what You can often Good friends,
doing the same adventure or happens to you change your good books,
thing, over and nothing. while youre circumstances by and a sleepy
over again, (Helen Keller) busy making changing your conscience: this
but expecting other plans. attitude. is the ideal life.
different results. (John Lennon) (Eleanor Roosevelt) (Mark Twain)
(Albert Einstein)
3 1 4 2 5
Sometimes When things When you People who are If you have
you are so go wrong, it realize the way afraid of facing a sleepy
involved in is not a good you do things new challenges conscience you
your problems idea to insist is wrong, it is dont get to know are probably
and planning on doing them time to change what life has to tolerant of the
for the future the same way. your attitude. offer. mistakes you
that you forget make.
to enjoy the
present.
1. Apic/Getty Images. 2. Hulton Archive/Getty Images. 3. Evening Standard/Getty Images. 4. Hulton Archive/Getty Images. 5. Hulton Archive/Getty Images
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A
utobiography in Five Short Chapters conta uma
histria que pode ter vrias leituras, diversas
interpretaes. Dependendo da personalidade
e do frame of mind do leitor, essa histria pode divertir
THINK ou levar reflexo. Quem preferir zombar da situao
ABOUT IT descrita no poema pode achar que o personagem
precisa usar culos ou ento ter mais cuidado ao
caminhar pela rua. Uma leitura mais broad-minded,
porm, leva a um amplo debate. Qual dessas interpretaes
voc compartilha? Voc reconhece o comportamento do
personagem em algum? Em voc prprio, talvez?
CWB/Shutterstock/Glow Images
opes, caminhos e maneiras de
trilh-los. Por vezes insistimos
em seguir caminhos e repetir
aes que no do certo, e
fazemos isso torcendo para
que os resultados sejam bons.
Perceber que preciso mudar
de atitude quando as coisas no
do certo uma grande virtude.
O escritor norte-americano
William Arthur Ward disse:
The pessimist complains
about the wind; the optimist
expects it to change; the realist
adjusts the sails.
NELSON, Portia. Theres a Hole in My Sidewalk. Hillsboro: Beyond Words Publishing, 1993.
O DISCURSO do rei. Direo: Tom Hopper. Produo: Iain Canning, Emile Sherman, Gareth
Unwin. Distribuio: SM Distribuidora de Filmes Ltda, 2010.
PEQUENA Miss Sunshine. Direo: Jonaton Dayton. Produo: David T. Friendly. Distribuio:
Fox Films do Brasil, 2006.
PORTIA Nelson. Available at: <http://portianelson.com/>. Access: Mar. 4, 2013.
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The Father of
Flight
11Alberto Santos-Dumont,
the youngest son of a
Brazilian millionaire, spent
his childhood on an isolated
coffee plantation in Minas
Gerais devouring the novels of
Jules Verne and dreaming of
conquering the skies. After
he was 18, Santos-Dumont
lived in Paris, where he made
his name. At first he flew
balloons and dirigible airships
winning a prize in 1901 for
circling the Eiffel Tower. But
that was just the beginning.
Harlingue/Roger-Viollet/France-Presse
Making predictions
O que voc sabe sobre Santos-Dumont? O pai dele era rico ou pobre? Alberto passou a
infncia na cidade ou no interior? Qual era o grande sonho desse jovem? Onde ele viveu a
partir dos 18 anos? O que ele pilotou inicialmente? Que prmio ele ganhou em 1901? Por que
isso foi apenas o comeo? Que outras conquistas ele alcanou? Ative seu conhecimento
sobre esse assunto, formule hipteses, leia o texto e veja se elas so confirmadas.
65
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READING
x flying computer
prison x airship
x balloon x machine
ocean meteor
Now read the text quickly to understand the main idea and check your
predictions.
Banco de Imagens/Arquivo da editora
Album/Akg-Images
soon after that began constructing
dirigible airships. In 1901 he won
a Paris air race and international
fame. (After the race, he asked
Louis Cartier for a timepiece that
would keep his hands free the
first wristwatch.)
Turning to heavier-than-air
machines, Santos-Dumont built
his 14-Bis in 1906, three years
after the Wright brothers initial
flight. His flight was the first
in Europe, and his plane was
the first anywhere to lift off the
ground under its own power. In
1909 Santos-Dumont designed
the Demoiselle monoplane, the
forerunner of modern light planes.
In 1910 Santos-Dumont fell ill
As palavras
with multiple sclerosis and retired
In 1901 he won a Paris air race and
destacadas no udio from flying. He returned to Brazil international fame.
so comentadas no
tpico Pronunciation
and Stress, no
Manual do Professor.
(From: LEADERS of the Century. Time, May 24, 1999. Special Issue:
Latin American Leaders for the New Millennium.)
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General Comprehension Skimming
In Other Words
Match the two columns to find the definitions of some important words
and phrases from the text.
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Words in Context
Complete the sentences with the correct words, as adequate.
Detailed Comprehension
Recognizing sequence of events
An Eventful Life
Number the sentences from 1 (first event) to 12 (last event), putting the events in
Santos-Dumonts lifetime in the correct order.
Alberto Santos-Dumont
Answer the questions choosing from the phrases in the box. Then work with a classmate and
ask him (or her) those questions.
in 1910 in 1932 after he fell ill in 1901 in 1898 soon after 1898 in 1916 in 1906
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c. When did he begin building dirigible airships? Soon after 1898.
e. When did he win a Paris air race and international fame? In 1901.
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STRUCTURE
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Nos monosslabos terminados na sequncia consoante-vogal-consoante,
dobra-se a consoante final e acrescenta-se -ed:
Complete the table with the Simple Past of the following irregular verbs:
Keystone-France/Getty Images
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O verbo to be tem duas formas no Simple Past:
I You
He We
was here in 2012. were here in 2012 too.
She You
It They
1. Use the Simple Past of the regular verbs in the box to complete the
following sentences.
f. The British planned for the Olympic Games with great care.
2. Use the Simple Past of the irregular verbs in the box to complete these
sentences.
a. Cabral left Lisbon on March 9, 1500 and reached the coast of Bahia
on April 22, 1500.
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3. Complete the following sentences with the Simple Past of the verbs in the box. Some of
them are regular, others are not. For irregular verbs, refer to the list on page 208.
to fly to write to see to become to create to die to come to leave to make to paint
2 3
Santos-Dumont
Galileo Galilei
Tarsila do Amaral a. Raquel de Queirs wrote Memorial de Maria Moura in 1992.
Nelson Mandela
6
8
7
Elis Regina
4. Work with a classmate. Ask What happened in? and answer according to the dates from
the previous exercise.
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Simple Past Adverbs and Finished-time Expressions
Para deixar claro que uma determinada ao aconteceu no passado, usam-
-se advrbios ou locues adverbiais no final de frases no Simple Past. Atente
posio desses advrbios na frase, principalmente o ago:
We saw a good movie yesterday. (ontem)
The universe began billions and billions of years ago. (atrs [tempo])
The British held the London Olympic Games in 2012.
There was a meeting here last week. (na semana passada)
We went to the beach last Sunday. (no domingo passado)
1. Complete the sentences using the words in the correct order.
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Volte aos textos (p. 65 e 66) e, orientando-se pelo contexto, traduza as
palavras abaixo. Depois classifique-as como gerndio (G), infinitivo (I) ou
substantivo (S). Scanning
nsto ck
a. devouring devorando; G
Collection/ Lati
b. dreaming sonhando; G
Courtes y Everett
c. conquering conquistar; I
d. winning ganhando; G
f. beginning comeo; S
g. constructing construir; I
LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
On air ou on the air o mesmo que on radio ou on television: Fantstico first went on the air more
On Air than 30 years ago. J a expresso the air com outras preposies pode se referir a espao
areo: After a plane takes off, it is in the air. Birds flying through the air.
121. Voc vai ouvir uma entrevista com uma personalidade muito
especial. Oua a reprter e responda como essa personalidade
conhecida:
Father of nation
x Father of aviation
Brother of aviation
Os alunos ouvem
o udio trs vezes:
2. Agora oua a entrevista, fique atento s perguntas e respostas para na primeira apenas
escutam; na
completar a biografia a seguir. segunda vez fazem
o exerccio. Depois,
ouvem mais uma vez
Santos-Dumont was born in Minas Gerais, Brazil. para conferir suas
respostas.
When he was in his country he dreamed of conquering
the skies.
After he was 18 he went to Paris, where he made
his name. He went up in a balloon for the first time in 1898.
In 1906 he built a heavier-than-air machine that he called
14-Bis.
In October 1906 he flew his 14-Bis in the presence of a crowd
in Paris. It was mans first flight without any outside help.
Man could fly!
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WRITING & SPEAKING
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Another Look at...
Santos-Dumont
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m 1904, Santos-Dumont recebeu a notcia de que, nos
THINK
THINK
E
Estados Unidos, os irmos Wright haviam conseguido voar
no ano anterior com um aeroplano mais pesado que o ar.
No entanto, nenhuma comisso cientfica ou outras
ABOUT
ABOUT IT
IT
testemunhas haviam acompanhado o voo. O nico registro
eram publicaes nos jornais com base nos relatos dos
prprios aviadores.
Eles acabaram sendo publicamente aceitos como
pioneiros, mas admitiram que o aparelho usado dependera
de recursos externos para alar voo. Como o motor de 12 HP era
insuficiente para fazer o aparelho decolar, eles tinham contado com a ajuda de uma
espcie de catapulta.
Somente em 1908, dois
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The Boy Who Changed the
World with His Music
14 This child prodigy* became one of the most popular
and prolific classical composers of all time. In a very short
lifetime (he died when he was only 35), he wrote more than
600 pieces of music, compositions that the world continues
* child prodigy uma das poucas locues em que
to love centuries after his death. aobservada.
ordem adjetivo atributivo + substantivo no
No dizemos prodigy child, o compound
noun child prodigy: criana prodgio.
Making predictions
Bettmann/Corbis
79
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READING
These 5 words are from The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music,
but their letters are not in the correct order. Can you unscramble them?
Now read the text quickly to understand the main idea and check your
predictions.
(Adapted from: THE MOZART Effect Resource Center. Available at: <http://www.mozarteffect.com/MoreOnTME/FAQ.html>. Access:
Mar. 4, 2013; and FADIMAN, Clifton (Ed.). The Little, Brown Book of Anecdotes. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1985.)
80 UNIT 6 The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music
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General Comprehension Skimming
In Other Words
Match the columns to find the definition of each word or phrase below:
Fill in the blanks with the Simple Past of the verbs in the boxes, according
to The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music. Then write down the
letter that corresponds to each verb in Portuguese.
* Mostre aos alunos
Regular verbs: compose play agree ask protest die ask* que ask aparece
duas vezes no
texto: uma vez com
a. But you composed symphonies when you ( c ) concordou o significado de
pedir e outra com o
were nine, protested the young man. de perguntar.
( f ) perguntou
b. and asked him for advice.
c. Yes, agreed Mozart, but I did not ask ( a ) comps; protestou
anyone how to compose them.
( b ) pediu
d. He died at the age of 35.
( d ) morreu
e. He played before the Austrian emperor.
f. How old are you? the composer asked . ( e ) tocou
The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music UNIT 6 81
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To learn more Irregular verbs: go be born make spend tell become write
about this topic, go to
MINIGRAMMAR 29.
a. This child prodigy became one of the most ( c ) escreveu
popular and prolific classical composers of his time.
( b ) gastava; ganhava
b. He spent money as fast as he made it.
c. He wrote more than 600 pieces of music. ( f ) disse a
d. A young man went to visit Mozart. ( a ) tornou-se
e. Wolfgang A. Mozart was born in Salzburg, Austria.
( d ) foi
f. Try something easier, the composer
told him. ( e ) nasceu
Scan the text to find transparent words and complete the following phrases:
Family portrait
This painting shows Mozarts family. Can you identify them? Complete
of the Mozarts. the sentences with the phrases from the box.
Ascribed to
Johann Nepomuk the woman in the portrait the man on the piano
della Croce
(1736-1819). the man with the violin the woman on the piano
Oil on canvas,
1780/81
a. Wolfgang Amadeus is the man on the piano .
Reproduo/<rmc.library.cornell.edu>
82 UNIT 6 The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music
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Detailed Comprehension
Mark these statements T (for true) or F (for false). Correct the false
statements.
a. ( F ) Mozarts father was a scientist. music teacher
b. ( T ) Mozart was able to write long complex pieces of music by the time he
was nine.
c. ( T ) Mozart was appointed court composer when he was 31.
d. ( F ) Mozart had a successful career and he was rich when he died. but he was poor/ but he was in debt
e. ( T ) Mozart never asked anyone how to compose a symphony.
f. ( T ) Mozart was not very successful in money matters.
LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
A Classical Composer
15 1. Voc vai ouvir um trecho de uma aula de msica em que o
professor apresenta partes de quatro obras famosas de Mozart. Voc
seria capaz de identific-las? Saberia dizer o que msica sacra, o que
caracteriza uma pera, uma sinfonia e uma sonata para piano? Oua e
numere na ordem em que esses gneros so apresentados na audio. O objetivo desta
primeira atividade
no corrigir
( 3 ) a requiem ( 1 ) a symphony ( 4 ) an aria ( 2 ) a piano sonata erros ou acertos
dos alunos, mas
apresentar um
162. Voc vai ouvir um trecho de um programa de uma rdio de pouco de alguns
Auckland, Nova Zelndia. Em seguida, complete o pargrafo. gneros de
Os alunos devem ouvir apenas a primeira parte do udio, at Lets listen. composio da
msica clssica.
Os trechos
O programa chama-se Meet the Masters e contar com a presena apresentados so
todos de Mozart:
de uma professora da University of Auckland, falando sobre um Sinfonia no 40,
Sonata para piano
grande compositor , que mudou o mundo com sua msica. Esse no 11, Rquiem, e
A flauta mgica
compositor Mozart . (pera). Aps a
atividade, pergunte
aos alunos o
que acharam
3. Oua o restante da gravao e assinale cada afirmao abaixo com T das diferentes
composies
(true) ou F (false). e incentive-os
a conhec-las
integralmente.
a. ( T ) O estilo desse compositor nico e ele comps diversas obras:
sinfonias, sonatas, msica sacra.
b. ( F ) Ele comps menos de 600 obras. mais de
c. ( T ) Seu pai tambm era msico.
d. ( F ) Ele tinha trs irms. apenas uma irm
e. ( T ) Ele comeou a compor aos 5 anos.
f. ( F ) Entre 1763 e 1766 ele e sua famlia saram em turn pela ustria. Europa
g. ( F ) Ele morreu aos 45 anos. 35
The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music UNIT 6 83
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STRUCTURE
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born in []. In 1787 the Austrian emperor
Joseph II appointed him court composer.
He spent money as fast as he made it.
to visit Mozart, who was already a famous composer, and asked him for advice
But you composed symphonies Yes, agreed Mozart, but I did not ask
anyone how to compose them.
Personal Pronouns
I eu me me; a mim
we ns us nos; a ns
84 UNIT 6 The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music
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1. Complete the sentences with personal pronouns, as adequate.
2. Maria Emlia, uma jovem pianista apaixonada por msica clssica, ganhou
uma bolsa de estudos na ustria e resolveu escrever um postal para um colega
em Londres. Complete o carto com as palavras do quadro abaixo.
Images /Glow
tterstock
Salzburg
Lisa S./Shu
Hi Ray,
Im writing from Salzburg
city
, a very beautiful
Images
in Salzburg, in July/Au
gust, in
famous son. You know wh he honour of the citys most
o is, of course:
Mozart! The Hollywood movie
of Music also helped Th e Sound
its to make Salzburg and
hills, parks, gardens and
famous. The Sound of M mountains very
usic, with Julie Andrews. T
are alive, with the sound of music he hills
Music is in the air in thi fantas . Re me mb er? Raymond Lawrence
s tic
Its good to be here! city!
13 Liverpool Street, City
Best, of London,
Maria Emlia London, N1 0RW
The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music UNIT 6 85
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Simple Past Negative and Interrogative Forms
d. How many pieces of music did he ( c ) Because his music is loved all
write? over the world.
86 UNIT 6 The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music
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2. The following images show absurd scenes, none of them corresponds to History. Work with
a classmate asking and answering in the negative short form.
Ilustraes: Estdio 1+2/Arquivo da editora
a. Santos-Dumont flew the b. Tarsila do Amaral painted c. Oscar Niemeyer built the
first helicopter. (fly) the Mona Lisa. (paint) Great Wall of China. (build)
Did Santos-Dumont fly the first Did Tarsila do Amaral paint the Mona Did Oscar Niemeyer build the Great
helicopter?; No, he didnt. Lisa?; No, she didnt. Wall of China?; No, he didnt.
d. American astronauts went to e. Jorge Amado created Harry f. Princess Diana lived in
Mars in 1969. (go) Potter. (create) Brazil. (live)
Did American astronauts go to Mars in Did Jorge Amado create Harry Potter?; Did Princess Diana live in Brazil?; No,
1969?; No, they didnt. No, he didnt. she didnt.
3. Work with a classmate. Write 5 sentences about what you think he or she did yesterday.
Examples:
1. Em casa, faa uma pesquisa na Internet, em livros ou revistas (de preferncia em ingls)
sobre um artista de sua preferncia.
2. Na aula, faa perguntas a um colega para tentar descobrir quem a personalidade
pesquisada por ele. Por fim, troquem os papis. Oriente os alunos a fazer perguntas usando as question words. Se achar
necessrio d algumas dicas, mas no escreva as perguntas na lousa.
The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music UNIT 6 87
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WRITING
Carl de Souza/Agncia
France-Presse/Getty Images
Oriente os alunos
a preencher o 3. Preencha o formulrio abaixo e escreva sua sugesto no local adequado.
formulrio e
indicar algumas
curiosidades ou
informaes que
H W M
gostariam de saber
sobre o artista. Eles
podem escolher
Y 17, FM
2 HOME | RADIO | NEWS | LISTEN ON-LINE | CONTACT US
uma das sugestes
ou pensar em outra Full name:
personalidade do
passado.
Sugesto:
E-mail:
I want to know more
about ... Because he/she
was very popular; was Suggestions:
a very good composer/ I want to know more about ...
singer etc. ... Because he/she was ... I have some questions like ...
I have some questions
like: Where was he/she
born?; Where did he/
she live?; When did he/
she start singing/writing
songs?; What was his/
her family like?; What
did he/she study?; What
kind of hobbies did he/
she have?; When did he/
she die? etc. 4. No final, troque o livro com seu colega e veja sobre qual artista ele
gostaria de saber mais. Se souber, responda a alguma pergunta dele.
88 UNIT 6 The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music
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Another Look at...
The Mozart Effect
In pop culture, the Mozart Effect
Lets go back to Mozart and why hes so special. Neurologist John Hughes
at the University of Illinois Medical Center proposes that because Mozart has a
habit of repeating certain melodic phrases with slight variation, it gave people
something interesting to listen to Our brain loves pattern. Mozarts melodies
tend to repeat every 20-30 seconds, which is about the same length of time as
brain-wave patterns and other functions of the central nervous system.
(Adapted from: The Mozart Effect. Available at: <http://mqjeffrey.hubpages.com/hub/The-Mozart-Effect>.
Access: Mar. 4, 2013.)
The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music UNIT 6 89
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uvir Mozart, ou a msica de outros grandes mestres,
THINK
O uma conhecida fonte de prazer. Alm disso, alguns
cientistas afirmam que esse hbito pode melhorar
a memria e o desempenho na aprendizagem. Estudos
realizados nos anos 1990 na Universidade da Califrnia
ABOUT IT pelo neurofisiologista Gordon Shaw e a psicloga Frances
Rauscher concluram que ouvir a msica de Mozart torna
as pessoas mais inteligentes. Alunos da universidade, aps
ouvirem
10 minutos da
Sonata K 448 para dois pianos em
d maior, de Mozart, mostravam
90 UNIT 6 The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music
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Check Your English 2
1. Complete the dialogue with the words in 2. Read Text I and answer the questions that follow.
parentheses, as appropriate. Text I
When I was 5 years old,
why do we destroy it? (ours our) 3. Complete the sentences with object pronouns.
Susan: Well, I dont know.
me him her us them
What about you? Do you? Give the answer you b. Americans believe Orville and Wilbur Wright, the
Wright Brothers, were the first to fly a heavier-than-
think is right.
-air machine. Do you agree with them ?
Possible answers: We destroy trees because
we are not intelligent/dont care about the planet. c. You and I need help with this exercise. Can the
teacher help us ?
d. Ella Fitzgerald was a great singer. I really like
her .
e. Tom Jobim was Brazilian, just like you and me .
91
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4. Put the words below in the correct order to 6. Read Text III and answer the questions that
make questions. follow.
a. Mozart / career / a / did / enjoy / successful Text III
Did Mozart enjoy a successful career?
The Apple and The Moon
b. fly / the / aircraft / Santos-Dumont / first / did
One man Isaac Newton (1642-1727)
Did Santos-Dumont fly the first aircraft?
presented the world with three fundamental
c. live / Paris / did / Santos-Dumont / in discoveries: the method of calculus, which is
Did Santos-Dumont live in Paris? the basis for much of modern mathematics;
the spectral composition of light along with
d. many / musical / write / Mozart / did / compositions the fundamentals of optics; and the law of
Did Mozart write many musical compositions? universal gravitation and the basic laws of
mechanics. Newton was then twenty-three
e. Santos-Dumont / did / win / Paris / race / a / air
Did Santos-Dumont win a Paris air race? years old.
The story about Newton and the apple is
0.3 point each /1.5 not a legend. Newton frequently described
it himself. He saw an apple fall from a tree to
5. Read Text II and answer the questions that follow. the ground at a time when the moon was in
the evening sky. He asked himself if the moon
Text II was attracted by the same force the apple was
A Short Story the rest is history. But there is one part of
Ernest Hemingway, the author of The Old the story that is not true. When it fell, the
Man and the Sea, Farewell to Arms, For apple did not hit Newton on the head. That is
Whom the Bell Tolls, and many other great a legend.
novels, wrote in short, declarative sentences, a (Adapted from: ASIMOV, Isaac. Book of Facts. New York:
powerful style of writing that became famous for Grosset & Dunlap, 1979.)
its brevity and concision.
Once somebody challenged Hemingway to Choose the best sentence ending to complete
write a full story in no more than six words. each sentence.
Hemingway responded immediately, FOR SALE:
BABY SHOES, NEVER WORN. a. Newton made important contributions in all these
fields of science, except...
a. Cite uma das obras do escritor em questo que
tem a ver com o mar. mathematics.
"The Old Man and the Sea". optics.
b. Como se caracterizava o seu estilo literrio? mechanics.
Pela brevidade e conciso. x medicine.
c. Qual o limite de palavras da histria que ele foi
b. The scientist was in the garden when he saw
desafiado a criar?
an apple...
Seis palavras.
fall on his head.
d. Que histria ele criou ento?
Vende-se/ venda: Sapatos de beb; Nunca usados. * fall from the moon.
hit the evening sky.
e. A partir dessas palavras, como voc desenvolveria
a histria sugerida pela imaginao de Hemingway? x hit the ground.
Uma das respostas possveis: Um casal pobre,
c. Newton... talked about the observations he made
ainda triste e frustrado pela morte da criana to
when he saw that falling apple.
esperada, pe venda um par de sapatinhos de beb
never
que tinham comprado para o momento feliz que no
chegou a acontecer. always
once
0.3 point each /1.5
x often
*5. d. Se achar conveniente, explique a diferena entre:
a. for sale: venda, vende-se (algo que no queremos mais); on sale: 1. venda (produto comercializado) 2. em liquidao, em promoo;
92 Check Your English 2 b. baby shoes: sapatinhos para beb; babys shoes: sapatinhos do beb, que pertencem ao beb;
c. never worn: nunca usados/calados (worn o particpio de wear: usar (no corpo), vestir, calar); never used: nunca usados/utilizados
(used o passado e o particpio de use (usar, utilizar em geral)).
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d. The scientist discovered that the same force that A reduo da mortalidade adulta e a criao
made the apple fall down (and not up) was also de parcerias globais.
attracting... x A promoo da igualdade de gneros e a
the sky. erradicao da pobreza.
x the moon. A parceria global para o desenvolvimento e a
valorizao das crianas.
the laws.
A garantia da sustentabilidade ambiental e o
a legend.
combate ao trabalho infantil.
e. When Newton saw that apple fall from the tree, he
0.5 point each /0.5
was inspired to formulate his theory of...
7. (Enem-2010)
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SELF-EVALUATION (UNITS 4, 5 AND 6) ( ) understand and use verbs in the Simple Present
Tense Interrogative Form, with or without
How did you do? What was your score? question words
Can ( ) understand and use verbs in the Simple Past
Excellent Good OK
do better ( ) distinguish between the several uses
Test total:
10-9 8-7 6-5 less than 5 of the -ing form
out of 10
( ) distinguish between the use of personal
pronouns and their function as reference words
How do you evaluate your own progress?
( ) listen to an interview and a radio program and
Check ( ) for Yes, (X) for No, or (R) for Review
understand their essence
Units 4, 5 and 6 after each of the topics below.
( ) role-play a dialogue and an interview
Now I can ( ) write a comment or a suggestion
( ) identify the meaning and use of the words in ( ) write a paragraph about a story
noun phrases ( ) reflect and debate about man's capacity for
( ) guess the meanings of new words from context improvement: invention and creativity in the past
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Can You Live Without It?
17 The Internet is the
worlds largest library.
Its just that all the
books are on the floor.
John Allen Paulos,
professor of Mathematics
at Temple University,
Philadelphia.
David Deas/Dk Stock/Getty Images
Making predictions
What do the Internet and a library have in common? Why does Professor Paulos say that in the
Internet all the books are on the floor? Is the information from the Net always well organized?
What do you know about the Internet? Develop hypotheses about the information in the text
and check it as you read.
95
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READING
The following words are all from Can You Live Without It? Find them in
the text and write P for positive meaning or N for negative meaning.
Now read the text quickly to understand the main idea and check your
predictions.
(Adapted from: Discovers 20 Things You Didnt Know About Everything. Discover Magazine, New York, 2008.)
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General Comprehension Reference words
Read the title of the text. What does it refer to? Choose the best answer.
Which of the following sentences shows the main idea (not just the
details) of the text?
In Other Words
Match the two columns finding the right definition for the following
words and phrases.
a. available ( g ) move (something) away with force
es
d. garbage ( b ) very recent news
ag
Im
low
e. lies beyond that light ( h ) instruments, pieces of equipment
G
ck/
rsto
tte
Words in Context
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b. All that information is freely on the Internet.
d. When you a video file with someone, you allow the other person to see
it too.
e. When you for information on-line, you try to find it on the Internet.
f. You can carry a around with you. Its a good tool of communication.
g. The future is our control. We can only offer suppositions about it.
h. They made a decision when they voted for a reduction on the emissions
of CO2.
1. Complete the table with the ideas expressed by the discourse markers
that can be found in Can You Live Without It?. Choose from the box.
Can Discourse
you live Line Portuguese Idea
without it? Marker
3, 8 from... to desde... at range; variety
4, 5, 7, from de origin
40, 41, 44
absence; exclusion
10, 45 without sem
contrast
24, 44 but mas
possibility
25 perhaps talvez
similarity
43 like como; igual a
Auremar/Shutterstock/Glow Images
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2. Now complete the sentences with those discourse markers, as adequate.
a. Professor Paulos compares the Internet to a very large library. Its
like an enormous disorganized library.
b. When you go on-line you can do a lot of things without leaving home.
c. You can now see your own house from outer space.
Noun Phrases
Scan the text to find the adjectives or nouns that complete the following
phrases:
The world is just
a. glass of water copo-dgua a click away.
All the following statements are not true, according to Can You Live Without It?. Identify the
false word in each sentence and change it to make the statement true.
a. The Internet is a national medium for exchanging information and opinions. worldwide
b. Planet Earth is now a really enormous world. small
c. We now have the opportunity to create the so-called global garbage. village
d. Many Web surfers are frustrated by the small amount of content available. enormous
e. Searching for misinformation on-line is like trying to get a glass of water from Niagara Falls. information
f. The Internet is the worlds largest bookstore. library
g. The Internet is an enormous step beyond global connectivity. toward
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STRUCTURE
Rewrite the following sentences replacing the thing(s) that with the
relative pronoun what.
a. The thing that the world needs now is love, sweet love.
What the world needs now is love, sweet love.
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c. Im sorry but I cant tell you the thing that she told me. Its a secret.
Im sorry but I cant tell you what she told me. Its a secret.
e. The time is always right to do the thing that is right. (Martin Luther King, Jr.)
The time is always right to do what is right.
importante no confundir esse uso de what (o que, aquilo que) com o pronome relativo that, cujo
significado que. Compare:
The thing that we all admire is courage.
What we all admire is courage.
Depois dos indefinidos something, everything, anything, nothing, all e da expresso the only
thing, usa-se that e no what.
This information is now available and it is free. You can take anything that you want.
Complete the sentences with that or what.
a. Im sorry, but I cant give you what you are asking me. Its beyond my control.
b. Its too late now. All that we can do is wait and see.
c. What Neymar can do with a soccer ball is really amazing.
d. Anything that a man can imagine, other men can try to do.
e. What a man can imagine, other men can try to do.
We can read newspapers from distant lands, [] we can buy and sell anything from houses to
automobiles
Nobody can offer more than clever suppositions.
We cannot imagine what we cannot imagine.
But can you live without it?
Pelo contexto, conclui-se que as palavras em destaque so formas do verbo can, que corresponde a
poder, nesses casos usado para expressar capacidade ou possibilidade.
O mesmo verbo, ainda com o significado de poder, aparece em outros contextos, para:
expressar permisso: fazer um pedido:
You can go now, if you wish. I dont have a cell phone. Can I use yours?
He can park only in the parking lot. Can you help me with this problem?
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Can tambm pode ser usado para expressar uma possibilidade em potencial, algo que acontece
esporadicamente.
Going to a funeral can be a sad experience.
Temperatures in Rio can reach above 40 C in summer.
Can, alm de expressar vrias ideias, tambm especial por pertencer ao grupo dos chamados
modal verbs, verbos com formas e caractersticas prprias. Os modal verbs (can, may, might, will, would,
should, must) tm forma nica, isto , no se acrescenta -s 3a pessoa do singular:
Alm disso, no podem vir antecedidos nem seguidos da partcula to; para expressar poder ou
saber no infinitivo, usa-se a expresso de sentido similar: to be able to.
I want to be able to (nunca to can) do something about that problem.
Por serem verbos auxiliares, no so usados com dont; no caso especfico de can, sua forma
negativa cant ou, em linguagem formal, cannot.
We cannot imagine what we cannot imagine.
Na forma interrogativa, can usado no incio da pergunta, sem o auxiliar do:
Can you live without it?
Can or Cant?
Look at the pictures, observe the situations and write can or cant + the verbs in parentheses.
Harry Engels/Getty Images
a. Daniel Dias can swim amazingly well! He won six gold medals in the Paralympic Games in
2012. (swim)
b. Lady Gaga can sing and dance very well. (sing; dance)
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LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
Lembre sempre aos alunos que eles no se devem preocupar com as
palavras ou expresses desconhecidas. O objetivo desta atividade
Search on The Net compreender o texto como um todo e as informaes especficas
necessrias para fazer o exerccio.
1. Voc sabe o que so as extenses (por exemplo, .com, .org, .gov etc.)
nos endereos dos sites na Internet? Associe as extenses abaixo aos
tipos de sites/empresas e descubra.
x Procurar por artigos assinados e verificar se o autor conhecido uma boa dica.
x Sites de ONGs podem ser bons, mas preciso ter um certo cuidado ao
pesquisar neles.
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SPEAKING
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3. Fale para o restante da sala sobre as dicas que voc e os colegas do seu Para finalizar os alunos
podem consultar a Internet
grupo conversaram. Exemplo: e fazer uma lista de sites
confiveis que podem
acessar para realizar
What our group concluded is that its important to use different sources before pesquisas ou ficarem
picking one. Also, we think we can navigate on websites from universities, but informados. Isso pode
ajudar no desenvolvimento
we cant use copyrighted material. da atividade de produo
escrita.
WRITING
Mark L
Hi guys!
I need to write a paper about social inequality.
Any good tips for me?
Sarah Johnson
hi mark, how r u doing??? hmm... I'm not sure,
but you can try www.un.org?!
miss you!! :)
Ilustraes: Estdio 1+2/Arquivo da editora
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2. Ao trocarmos mensagens com amigos e colegas pela Internet,
especialmente em redes sociais, utilizamos alguns recursos mais informais
da lngua. Enumere pelo menos trs desses recursos nas respostas dos
amigos de Mark.
a. uso de emoticons
c. interjeies (hmm), uso de pontuao para expressar emoes (??, !!, ?!), frases mais
curtas, sem pontuao.
Mark L
Hi guys!
I need to write a paper about social inequality.
Any good tips for me?
write a comment
Ilustraes: Estdio 1+2/Arquivo da editora
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Oriente os alunos a refletir sobre o que torna uma pessoa
extraordinria. Alguns exemplos de pessoas que realizaram feitos
Another Look at... importantes para a sociedade: Irm Dulce, Chico Mendes, Louis
Pasteur, Santos-Dumont, Albert Einstein, Helen Keller, Madre
Teresa, Zilda Arns, Mahatma Gandhi, Bill Gates etc.
An Extraordinary Invention
1.6 BILLION: The estimated number of people across the world who surf the
Internet every month. Thats about one in four of the worlds total estimated 6.7
billion inhabitants.
(HART-DAVIS, Adam (ed.). Science - The Definitive Visual Guide. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2012.)
(Elbert Hubbard)
Ilike
/Sh
utte
rsto
ck/G
low
Ima
ges
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voc, can you live without it? Todos sabemos que
THINK
E
a Internet an amazing tool of communication, a
grande rede que mantm as pessoas ligadas entre
si e fornece informaes de todo o planeta, oferece
consulta e pesquisa para todos os tipos de servios e
ABOUT IT produtos, mas
Um estudo recente buscava saber qual das trs
invenes modernas seria mais importante na vida diria
das pessoas: o computador, a televiso ou o telefone celular.
Adivinhe quem foi o vencedor? Sim, o computador, of course,
seguido por pequena diferena pelo telefone celular. Voc concorda? Faria a
mesma escolha?
E que tipo de internauta voc declara ser? Exagerado (quase viciado),
moderado, controlado, desinteressado? Quanto do seu tempo voc passa
on-line? Buscando informaes, checando seu in-mail box, jogando video games,
assistindo a vdeos, participando de fruns ou no seu chat room preferido? Ficar
muitas horas sentado, de olho e mente na telinha, acaba tirando uma parte
importante do seu tempo, afastando-o da prtica de exerccios fsicos ou do
convvio com os amigos. Vamos
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Robots R Us?
20Robots are getting smarter
every day. Human beings better
be thinking about science fiction
becoming reality.
Album/20TH Century Fox / Latinstock
Making predictions
You are going to read a text about some incredible machines. First look at the picture and
the title of the text. What do you know about robots? Watching movies like I, Robot, and
Wall-E and reading science fiction novels of the past we see robots as helpers or servants of
humanity. But real robots are very different. They can do lots of jobs, perform lots of tasks,
they can even play soccer! What new information about robots do you expect to find in the
text? Make your own predictions and check them as you read the text.
109
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READING
Now read the text quickly to understand the main idea and check your
predictions.
a part of our lives. will take place in July 2014 in Joo Pessoa,
They do jobs that are Paraba, Brazil. Teams composed of
too dirty, boring, autonomous robots (no joysticks or remote
risky, difficult or controls) will pass, kick, and shoot against
impossible for us: each other according to official soccer rules.
they are vacuuming RoboCups mission is to develop a robotic team
the floors in your that will play head-to-head with the World
home and exploring Cup soccer champions by the year 2050. Will
the surface of Mars. the robots win? Well have to wait and see.
Industrial robots Within a few more years we will build
are widely used in machines that not only equal but surpass
manufacturing. human intelligence well see cyborgs
Military and police organizations use robots to (machine-enhanced humans like the one in
assist in dangerous situations. I, Robot and the one in Robocop), androids
Within the next 10 years, says Joanne (human-robot hybrids like The Terminator), a
Pransky, a scientist who calls herself the worlds future we cant even imagine. Many scientists
first robotic psychiatrist, were going to see a think the robots of science fiction will soon
transformation between the industrial kind of become a reality. We will use the abilities of
robots, to personal robots. I will be the proud our machine creations to enhance and redesign
owner of a domestic robot that will do household ourselves. But what role will those machines
cleaning, and prepare and serve my meals, and play in human society? Cultural and ethical
will also carry me to the bathtub if I cant walk, values will be as important as the available
monitor my vital signs, and if I need a medical technology in developing future robots. Will
specialist from a distant town, will remotely robots become mans new best friends or our
become his or her eyes, hands, and ears. rivals? Or, worst scenario, our enemies?
(Adapted from: BAY, Michael; FORD, Matt. Available at: Robots: The Future Is Now. <http://edition.cnn.com/2006/TECH/
science/04/14/fs.roboticsprofile>; Forum: Robots R Us? Available at: <www.post-gazette.com/stories/opinion/perspectives/
forum-robots-r-us-434003/> Access: Mar. 6, 2013)
110 UNIT 8 Robots R Us? As palavras destacadas no udio so comentadas no tpico Pronunciation and Stress, no Manual do
Professor.
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General Comprehension
Reading Between the Lines Making inferences
Observe the title of the text and choose the best answers.
The text contains 4 paragraphs. Write the number of each paragraph next
to the heading you think contains its main idea.
Word Study
In Other Words Getting meaning from context
Match the two columns to find the right definition of each word or
phrase:
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Using grammar for vocabulary expansion
Finding Opposites
Match the columns with words of opposite meanings.
a. lose ( f ) distant
b. safe ( e ) proud
c. clean ( h ) household
d. exciting ( b ) risky
e. humble; modest ( g ) friends
f. nearby ( a ) win
g. enemies ( d ) boring
h. public ( c ) dirty
Observe the words in bold in the sentences below and mark the idea
expressed by each of them.
a. and will also carry me to the bathtub if I cant walk, monitor my vital
signs, and if I need a medical specialist from a distant town
x addition; condition time; contrast result; time purpose; emphasis
es
tterstock/Glow Imag
Detailed Comprehension
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STRUCTURE
* Em ingls existe future time, mas no existe future tense. O future time, ou simplesmente future, expresso no por flexes, mudanas
nas formas do verbo, mas pelo uso de outros verbos como will, shall, ou de locues verbais como be + going to, do Present Continuous,
e advrbios ou locues adverbiais como tomorrow, next week etc.
That Quando o que invisvel Future Time be + going to, will,
shall, Present Progressive (ou
Em ingls possvel omitir o pronome relativo
Continuous)
que corresponde ao nosso que, quando ele se
refere ao objeto do verbo. Assim, em vez de dizer: Em ingls existem vrias formas verbais para
objeto sujeito descrever aes no futuro. Uma das mais comuns
est destacada nestas frases:
a future that we cant even imagine.
objeto sujeito You are going to read a text about some
incredible machines. First look at the picture and
the cyborgs and androids that you saw in the movies. the title of the text. What is it going to be about?
possvel, e na linguagem informal muito Within the next 10 years, says Joanne
comum, omitir-se o that e dizer: Pransky, who calls herself the worlds first
a future we cant even imagine. robotic psychiatrist, were going to see a
the cyborgs and androids you saw in the movies. transformation between the industrial kind of
robots, to personal robots.
O mesmo that, traduzido por que, mas
funcionando como conjuno, depois de verbos Usa-se o presente do verbo to be + going
como think (achar que), know (saber que), to + a forma bsica do verbo principal para
believe (acreditar que), say (dizer que), falar de aes, planos, intenes quanto a um
tambm frequentemente omitido. futuro prximo ou previses, fatos que, pelas
evidncias (no presente), parece que vo
Many scientists think (that) the robots of acontecer (no futuro).
science fiction will soon become a reality. A forma be + going to corresponde, em
Em todas as frases abaixo, that foi omitido. portugus, ao uso do verbo ir, em expresses
Em cada frase, reescreva o trecho em que como eu vou fechar a janela, vai chover, voc
that poderia ter sido includo. vai cair, ela vai ter um beb etc.
b. The factories that produce our computers Complete the sentences with the correct
and televisions, the planes we fly, and the form of to be + going to and the verbs in
cars we drive parentheses. Use the contracted form of to be
the planes that we fly and the cars that we drive. ('m, 're, 's).
c. Trees make the oxygen we need to take in a. Careful! You're going to fall !
from the air. (to fall)
oxygen that we need to take in
d. Do you think the Amazon Forest has a b. Look at those cats! They're going to have
future? a fight. (to have)
Do you think that the Amazon Forest
c. Im thirsty. I'm going to drink
e. The Amazon Forest is a victim of the some water. (to drink)
attraction it holds for international groups
greedy for natural resources. d. Look at that car! It's going to
the attraction that it holds for the international groups crash! (to crash)
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Outra forma muito comum de expressar aes A forma interrogativa feita usando-se will no
no futuro com will, um modal verb que usado incio da pergunta, antes do sujeito.
antes do infinitivo (sem to) de outro verbo. Como
todos os modal verbs, will tem caractersticas Will I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they
remember that day?
especiais. Da mesma forma que o modal verb can
(Unit 7), will pode expressar mais de uma ideia. Scan the text to complete the sentences with
Alm de previso ou informao a respeito de the missing phrases, according to Robots
uma ao futura, will pode tambm expressar
R Us?.
a deciso, vontade, firme inteno ou promessa
de faz-la e pode ainda ser usado em perguntas a. What new information about robots
(com you) para fazer um pedido de maneira will you find in the text?
educada.
In the future, everybody will have a personal b. The 17th annual RoboCup soccer tournament
robot. will take place in Brazil in July 2014.
I will survive!, thought the little boy after his
first day at school. c. Will the robots
Will you close the window, please? win ? Well have to wait and
A forma negativa ocorre com o uso de not aps Outra forma verbal para expressar aes
will (will not ou a forma contrata wont, muito comum futuras o Present Progressive. Ele usado
em conversao), antes da forma bsica (sem to) do para indicar planos ou compromissos acertados
verbo principal. igual para todas as pessoas.
em relao a um futuro prximo. Em geral
I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they will not menciona-se o tempo ou o contexto em que a
forget that first day at school. ao vai acontecer.
I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they wont What are you doing this weekend?
forget that day.
Were giving a surprise party for John.
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Match the columns with the correct questions and answers.
a. Lucky you! When are you leaving? ( f ) Yes, lets go.
b. I cant see anything. Shall I turn on the light? ( e ) Yes, please. A cup of coffee.
c. How are you getting there? ( d ) Were going to Brazil!
d. Where are you going on holiday? ( b ) Yes, please. Its dark in here.
e. You look tired. Shall I get you something to drink? ( a ) Tomorrow morning.
f. Its getting late and I feel tired. Shall we go now? ( c ) By plane, of course!
Joanne Pransky, a scientist who calls herself the worlds first robotic psychiatrist
We will use the abilities of our machine creations to enhance and redesign ourselves.
Herself, no primeiro exemplo, um pronome reflexivo que corresponde a Joanne Pransky ou, se
usssemos um pronome, she. Ourselves um pronome reflexivo que corresponde a we.
Os pronomes reflexivos so usados logo depois do verbo e de acordo com o sujeito, para indicar que
o sujeito faz e recebe os efeitos da ao. Na primeira frase Joanne Pransky se autodenomina the worlds
first robotic psychiatrist. Na segunda frase, ns usaremos a capacidade das mquinas que criarmos de
modo a melhorar e redesenhar a ns prprios.
Veja no quadro a relao entre os pronomes pessoais e os pronomes reflexivos.
Personal
Reflexive Pronouns
Pronouns
I myself me; a mim; eu mesmo
you yourself te; a ti; voc mesmo
he himself se; a si; ele mesmo
she herself se; a si; ela mesma
it itself se; a si; ele/ela mesmo/a
we ourselves nos; a ns; ns mesmos
you yourselves vos; a vs; vocs mesmos/as
they themselves se; a si; eles/elas mesmos/as
c. Tact is the ability to describe others as they see themselves . (Abraham Lincoln)
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Um outro sentido ainda possvel quando o pronome reflexivo precedido da
preposio by, numa expresso que significa sozinho, sem ajuda ou companhia.
Santos-Dumont was living by himself when he committed suicide.
Finalmente, observe nas situaes e legendas abaixo a diferena entre os pronomes
reflexivos e os pronomes que indicam reciprocidade (each other = one another),
que correspondem a um ao outro; uns aos outros
Thomas Perkins/Dreamstime.com
Jacek Chabraszewski/Dreamstime.com
They are painting themselves. They are painting each other/one another.
b. When the female returns from the sea, the two birds greet
each other/one another .
To learn more
about this topic, go to c. Trees do not die, actually. They recycle themselves for our
MINIGRAMMAR 7. benefit.
LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
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d. Quantos microcontroladores funcionam como crebro e sistema nervoso
do rob?
Cinco.
SPEAKING
Interviewing a Friend
1. Todos ns aprendemos com o passado, vivemos o presente e fazemos
planos para o futuro. Neste exerccio vamos ser um pouco indiscretos com
relao ao futuro.
Entreviste um colega a respeito dos planos dele para o futuro imediato,
aquilo que ele planeja fazer daqui a pouco. Inicie as perguntas sempre com
Are you going to? e complete-as com as aes sugeridas no quadro. As
respostas podem ser positivas (Yes, I am.), negativas (No, Im not.) ou
incertas (I dont know./ Im not sure.).
go home right after school meet someone after class go to the movies tonight
study in the library this afternoon have lunch at home tomorrow
go on the computer this evening work out at the gym tomorrow
go to the shopping mall this afternoon
Oriente os alunos
a registrar as
2. Agora, a vez de o seu colega fazer as perguntas a voc. Depois, respostas no
concluam: caderno. Elas
podero servir de
a. Qual de vocs tem planos imediatos mais definidos? ponto de partida
para a atividade de
b. Quem respondeu I dont know./ Im not sure mais vezes? Writing, a seguir.
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WRITING
Movie Release
1. Observe a ficha abaixo e complete-a com os dados do quadro.
INTERFOTO/Interfoto/Latinstock
Original name: Real Steel
Movie name in Portuguese: Gigantes de Ao
Genre: Action
When : 2011
Who : Hugh Jackman, Evangeline Lilly and Dakota Goyo
What: In the future (2020), robots replace
humans in the popular sport of boxing .
The movie Gigantes de Ao, whose original title in English is Real Steel is
an action movie which was released in 2011. The movie is set in the
year 2020 when humans will be replaced by robots. Real Steel stars
are Hugh Jackman, Evangeline Lilly and Dakota Goyo.
Oriente os alunos a 3. Observe os aspectos da ficha e da sinopse acima e crie, em seu caderno,
prestarem ateno
nos aspectos uma ficha e uma sinopse semelhantes para um filme fictcio. As palavras e
estruturais da ficha, as imagens abaixo podem ajud-lo na produo da ficha.
tais como: genre
(gnero, tipo de
filme), who (pessoas animation science fiction horror war fight create scare
que trabalham no
filme); when (ano de fall in love protect family friends enemies terminate
lanamento); what
(breve resumo do
Charles Taylor/Shutterstock/Glow Images
enredo). Comente
tambm que, em Lobke Peers/Shutterstock/Glow Images
geral, os ttulos em
portugus no so
uma mera traduo
do ttulo em ingls,
pois aspectos
culturais, comerciais
e lingusticos so
levados em conta na
criao do ttulo em
portugus.
Greglith/Shutterstock/Glow Images
Ociacia/Shutterstock/Glow Images
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Another Look at...
Robots
Find the phrases in the box that rhyme with each sentence beginning
with "When I say...". Write them down to complete the poem.
washes the car cleans the floor gets me something to drink walks the dog
makes the bed gets me something to eat takes a rest paints the wall
Oriente os alunos a no se esquecerem de usar a forma correta do verbo
(Simple Present 3a pessoa do singular).
My Robot
My robot works every day,
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s benefcios da robtica so conhecidos e
THINK
O promissores. No entanto, a possibilidade de
a integrao entre a robtica e a inteligncia
artificial vir a ser em breve uma realidade um tema para
debate. Questes culturais e ticas devem ser levadas em
ABOUT IT considerao quando abordamos os avanos da robtica.
Em maio de 2007, o governo da Coreia do Sul, um dos
pases que mais investem no desenvolvimento de robs,
encomendou a um grupo de cientistas, advogados e mdicos a
elaborao de um cdigo de
Digital Domain/20Th Century Fox/Bureau
L.A. Collection/Corbis/Latinstock
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A Colony in the Sky?
22After humans get to Mars, theyll start
doing what comes naturally terraforming
Mars, turning it into another Earth.
Steven Hobbs/Stocktrek Images/Getty Images
Making predictions
Look at the image, read the title and
the lead. On which planet are the
astronauts? What are they doing? What
connection is there between that activity
and the title? What is your opinion
about that? Do you consider that a real
possibility in the near future? Or is it
possible only in science fiction? What do
they mean by terraforming Mars? Make
predictions, read the text and find out if
they were correct.
121
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READING
Fill in the blanks with 5 of the terms from the box. Careful! There is one
extra term in the box.
Solar System atmosphere Sun polar ice caps terrestrial planet planet
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System .
It is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere , volcanoes,
valleys, deserts, and polar ice caps .
Now read the text quickly to understand the main idea and check your
predictions.
(ROBINSON, Kim Stanley. Colony in the Sky. Newsweek, Sep. 23, 1996. Available at: <http://www.thedailybeast.com/
newsweek/1996/09/22/a-colony-in-the-sky.html>. Access: Mar. 1, 2013.)
Reproduo/Wikimedia Commons
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General Comprehension Skimming
In Other Words
Match the columns to find the right definitions of the words or phrases on
the left:
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d. A teachers job a lot of patience.
x calls for gets to takes up operates thinks
Noun Phrases
Scan the text to find the missing words and complete the following phrases:
a. In the sentence After humans get to Mars, theyll start doing what comes
naturally terraforming Mars, turning it into another Earth.
they refers to humans
it refers to Mars
Stocktrek/Getty Images
b. In the sentence [] the idea that we could live there, that Mars could be
An astronaut terraformed.
working to
terraform a there refers to Mars
Martian hillside.
c. In the sentence [] then with all the rest of Earths plants and animals,
adding them in the order they evolved here.
them and they refer to (all the rest of Earths) plants and animals
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Discourse Markers Using grammar for vocabulary expansion
1. Complete the table with the ideas expressed by the discourse markers from A Colony in the
Sky?. Choose from the box.
c. Mars is a desolate, lifeless planet, so terraforming it is the only way it could serve as a
human colony.
d. There are more than seven billion people on Earth, and there will be even more in the future.
Detailed Comprehension
Identifying False Information Scanning
All the following statements are false, according to A Colony in the Sky?. Identify the false
word(s) in each sentence and replace it/them to make the statement true.
b. Humans will try to alter Mars surface until Earths plants and animals can replay there. survive
c. The idea of terraforming an alien planet was born in science-fiction decades. stories
d. In the last three decades a number of scientists have rejected the concept. taken up
e. Mars has all the life forms called for in the recipe for terraforming. ingredients
g. The idea of living in a colony in the sky is without physical reality as we know it. Its possible to
do it. within
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STRUCTURE
Do as an Emphatic Auxiliary
Alm do uso como verbo principal (fazer) e do importante uso como verbo
auxiliar, do (ou does) pode tambm aparecer em frases afirmativas, antes do
verbo principal, para dar nfase afirmao. Nesse caso, pode ser traduzido
como realmente, de fato.
O mesmo pode ser feito com did, em frases afirmativas, quando a frase
estiver no passado.
NASAs curiosity robotic probe did land successfully on Mars in August 2012.
Nesse sentido, do, does ou did equivalem ao advrbio really.
c. Fred thinks Sally does not love him, but she does love him.
After humans get to Mars, theyll start doing what comes naturally
and thats the question that will shift us to the next level of our fascination
with the place...
Of course it will be more complex than the recipe it always is.
Will (forma contrata ll) um verbo auxiliar, sem traduo prpria, usado
para expressar certeza a respeito de aes ou eventos no futuro. comum em
previses, promessas, algo que achamos ou sabemos que acontecer. O will em
si no tem traduo, mas sinaliza que o verbo seguinte (usado no infinitivo sem
to) est no futuro. Assim, theyll start (eles comearo); the question that will
shift us (nos levar); it will be (ser).
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Colonies on Mars will flourish and we will eventually conquer
the universe, says Stephen Hawking
By Tamara Cohen
UPDATED: 01:53 GMT, 7 January 2012
Quando a ideia expressar apenas uma possibilidade, podem ser usados trs
verbos modais: may, might e could. Veja o primeiro em destaque neste exemplo:
Alm disso, may tambm usado para expressar uma possibilidade presente
ou futura, algo que pode ser verdade no presente ou poder acontecer.
some people are beginning to ask if it might be possible to make Mars even
more like Earth than it is now.
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In Other Words
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Certainty, possibility, remote possibility or permission? Identify the idea
expressed by the verbs in bold:
h. To the world you may be one person, but to one person you may be the
world.
possibility
To learn more
about this topic, go to
By working faithfully eight hours a day you may eventually*get
to be boss and work twelve hours a day. (Robert Frost) MINIGRAMMAR 35.
possibility
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LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
Malcolm Fink Marion Waters Simon Cohen Sima Said Antnio Saldanha
Banco de Imagens/Arquivo da editora
Sebastien Desarmaux/Godong/Corbis/Latinstock
Television
By Mary Marten|Jan 21, 2013|Comment
share e-mail
* Personalised a. We will have personalised* medicine, designed specifically for our genetic
(British English)
= personalized make-up.
(American English)
Sima Said
Malcolm Fink
c. After smallpox and polio, we will kill off another major disease.
Simon Cohen
Antnio Saldanha
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2. Oua novamente a gravao e identifique os nomes das pessoas do
quadro (p. 130) de acordo com sua profisso.
SPEAKING
set foot on Mars send robotic probes to Mars discover water on Mars
discover new life on Mars live on Mars someday
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READING & WRITING
Inbox (2)
To: students@org.com
Sent
Drafts Cc:
Trash
Subject: Looking for a pen pal
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Another Look at...
Mars
Youve just landed on Mars and are looking for a fresh start. Heres the secret: Go
into construction. Youll learn useful skills and get to spend time out on the surface,
where the action is. Explore the landscape. Make friends with the engineers working
to terraform the Martian hillsides. Its their job to turn all that red dust into Earthlike
soil that can support robust vegetation and seed the atmosphere so it will rain and
form lakes and oceans.
Of course, this prosperous career
Stocktrek Images/Getty Images
Qual o conselho de Robert Zubrin, autor de How to Live on Mars, a quem quiser um
bom emprego em uma colnia em Marte?
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s nmeros so impressionantes: a populao
THINK
O mundial j passa a marca dos 7 bilhes. E esse
nmero deve ultrapassar 10 bilhes at o final do
sculo. A exploso demogrfica, a ameaa de uma possvel
catstrofe planetria, os velhos problemas ambientais
ABOUT IT (global warming, pollution, food and water shortages, failure
to attain sustainable development) podem fazer com que
a humanidade passe a considerar projetos que a princpio
eram possveis apenas em livros e filmes de fico cientfica. A
pretenso de encontrar uma nova casa em nosso sistema solar,
mais precisamente em Marte, tornando esse planeta habitvel para a espcie
humana, esbarra, entretanto, em srias barreiras ticas. Sabe-se que a histria do
ser humano uma histria de expanso, de conquista de novos espaos, mas por
enquanto dentro das fronteiras do nosso pequeno planeta. Para muitas pessoas,
parece lgica a tendncia de buscar no espao exterior a soluo para os problemas
da Terra. Para outras, ideias como essa tm como base uma certa arrogncia e
prepotncia de cunho imperialista. Qual a sua opinio sobre esse assunto? Which
side are you on? Concorda com estas palavras do autor Kim Stanley Robinson?
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Check Your English 3
1. Complete the sentences. Use the verbs in the Paul: Hello Bia, this is Paul. Say, what are you
box with the correct form of be + going to. The doing?
first one is done for you.
Bia: Working on the computer. Im sending
an e-mail to a friend of mine.
fly cut eat open see rain
a. Look at those clouds! Its going to rain. Paul: I see. Youre always online. Cant you live
b. Its hot in this room. I am/m going to open without the Internet?
the window. Bia: No, I dont think I can. What about you?
Can you live without it?
c. Theres a good movie on Channel Ten tonight. We
are/'re going to see it.
d. Careful! You are/'re going to cut Paul: Well, for me the Net is a great source of
yourself with that knife. information, and I use it a lot. But I try not to be a
slave to it.
e. Im hungry. I am/'m going to eat a hot
dog. Would you like one, too? Bia: What do you mean?
f. My brother is/'s going to fly to Paul: Well, I like to make my own decisions and to
Australia tomorrow. His companys headquarters be the master of my time. There are a lot of other
are in Sydney. cool things to do. I like to go out, play sports, hang
out with my friends, go to the movies. I refuse to
0.2 point each /1
spend the day sitting in front of a monitor screen.
2. Complete the telephone conversation. Choose Bia: I guess youre right, Paul.
from the sentences in the box.
Paul: Theres a new movie at the Realodeon.
They say its great. Im going to see it tonight, but I
thought we could go together. What do you say?
I guess youre right, Paul. Bia: Great idea, Paul. I love going to the movies.
No, I dont think I can. What about you? And, you know what? Im taking my laptop with me.
Can you live without it? You never know, an emergency
Great idea, Paul. I love going to the
movies. And, you know what? Im taking
my laptop with me. You never know, an
emergency
Working on the computer. Im sending
an e-mail to a friend of mine.
What do you mean?
Paul: Oh, no
135
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3. Write the opposites of the adjectives in bold. c. In the future, we won't have to do
boring or risky jobs. Robots will do them for us.
a. Billy, your hands are dirty. Go wash them now!
clean d. Kangaroos may be cute animals,
but Australian farmers consider them pests.
b. Some people think classical music is boring.
interesting / exciting e. You can't visit a foreign country
c. Chicken meat is low in fat. without a passport.
high
0.2 point each /1
d. Mom is a sensible person and she always takes
6. Read the text and answer the questions on it.
wise decisions.
silly / ridiculous / foolish
After Marie Curie became famous as the
e. Robots can be used to assist people in risky or discoverer of radium, she was plagued by
dangerous situations. autograph collectors. After tolerating them for
safe
years, she finally decided not to give another
autograph under any circumstance.
0.2 point each /1
One autograph collector, knowing about her
4. Choose the appropriate discourse marker decision, sent her a personal check for twenty-
in parentheses to complete the following five dollars with instructions for her to donate the
sentences. amount to any charity she chose. He figured
a. Searching for information online is trying to the endorsed check would be an addition to his
get a glass of water from Niagara Falls. (without) collection of rare autographs.
(within) (or) (like) Curie, however, saw through his scheme, and
she had her secretary send him the following
b. Many scientists think the robots of science fiction
note: Madame Curie has asked me to thank you
will become a reality. (but) (soon) (because) (so)
most kindly for your check, which, however, she
c. To terraform means to alter a planets surface
is not going to cash. It so happens that she is an
Earths life forms can survive there. (until) (after)
autograph collector and therefore will add your
(because) (unlike)
signature to her collection.
d. Some scientists believe terraforming Mars is
(CLARO, J. The Random House Large Print Book of Jokes
quite possible. The Red Planet might be made and Anecdotes. New York: Random House, 1990.)
more Earth than it is now. (already) (instead of)
(like) (so many) a. What final decision did Marie Curie make about
giving autographs?
e. The Internet is the worlds largest library, all She decided not give another autograph under any
the books seem to be on the floor. (because) circumstance.
(like) (or) (but)
5. Complete the sentences with the modal verbs b. What did the autograph collector send her?
He sent a check for twenty-five dollars.
from the box, as adequate.
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d. Did Marie Curie cash the check or did she keep it? I told my robot to brew some tea.
Was she, in fact, an autograph collector? Why did He said, Why dont you make some
she do that, then? tea for me?
She kept it. No, she wasnt. She saw through the I told my robot to boil me an egg.
mans scheme. He said, First lemme hear you beg.
I told my robot, Theres a song you can
play me.
He said, How much are you gonna
pay me?
0.25 point each /1
So I sold that robot, cause I never knew
7. Leia o poema My Robot, de Shel Silverstein, e Exactly who belonged to who.
responda em portugus s perguntas sobre ele. (SILVERSTEIN, Shel. Falling Up: Poems and Drawings.
New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1996. p. 36)
lemme: let me
gonna: going to a. A personagem do poema d vrias ordens ao rob.
Essas ordens foram atendidas?
No.
MY ROBOT
I told my robot to do my bidding.
He yawned and said, You must b. Quando ela manda o rob atender o telefone, o
be kidding. que ele responde?
I told my robot to cook me a stew. Que ele precisa fazer, ele mesmo, algumas chamadas.
He said, I got better things to do.
I told my robot to sweep my shack. c. Quando ela pede que ele faa um ch, o que ele
He said, You want me to strain responde?
my back? Por que ela no faz ch para ele?
I told my robot to answer the phone.
He said, I must make some calls of
my own. d. O que ela finalmente decidiu fazer com o rob?
Ela vendeu o rob.
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8. Leia o texto a seguir e responda em portugus.
she got wet when she broke down and cried. They dont feel anything. They dont get hungry,
they dont sleep.
0.5 point each /0.5
Sonny (robot): I do. I have even had dreams.
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Spooner: Human beings have dreams. Even 12. (Enem-2011)
dogs have dreams, but not you. You are just a
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a. Indique dois tipos de gastos especficos do governo How do you evaluate your own progress?
federal norte-americano explicitados no cartum. Check ( ) for Yes, (X) for No, or (R) for Review
Gastos com a defesa do pas, auxlio-desemprego, Units 7, 8 and 9 after each of the topics below.
previdncia social e auxlio-sade.
Now I can
b. Qual a crtica feita pelo cartum ao norte-americano ( ) understand and practice modal verbs used to
mdio? express ability (can), possibility (may, might,
A crtica feita pelo cartum que o norte-americano could), permission (may, might), requests (can),
mdio v como desperdcio de dinheiro pblico todo certainty (will).
gasto do governo federal que no o beneficia
( ) understand and use verbs and verb structures
pessoalmente.
used to express future time: be going to, will,
shall, present continuous.
SELF-EVALUATION (UNITS 7, 8 AND 9) ( ) talk to a classmate about his plans for the future
and about present issues.
How did you do? What was your score?
( ) write an e-mail, a message or a movie release.
Can
Excellent Good OK ( ) reflect and debate about mans capacity for
do better
Test total: improvement: invention and creativity in the past
10-9 8-7 6-5 less than 5
out of 10 and in the future.
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How to Live
a Better Life
24 What you should do to
lead a happy life 20 easy
tips. These are the first three:
Step 1: When you wake up
in the morning complete the
following statement: My
purpose is to today.
Step 2: Take a 10-30 minute
walk every day. A brisk walk
in the morning can help you
feel good all day. And while
you walk, smile. It is the best
antidepressant.
Step 3: Sit in silence for at
least 10 minutes each day.
Maridav/Shutterstock/Glow Images
Making predictions
Look at the photo, read the title and the opening paragraph. What type of text do you think it is
a narrative, a scientific article, a romantic fiction, an item of news, a list of advice? Which of
the first three steps is about physical exercise? Which of them is related to your spirit instead
of the physical world? What else do you think the text is about? Make some predictions about
it, read the text and check if they were right.
141
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READING
The words below are all from How to Live a Better Life. Do they have a
positive or a negative meaning in the text? Write P (for positive) or N (for
negative) next to each word.
Para ampliar a a. ( P ) laugh e. ( N ) spoil i. ( N ) worry
discusso, pergunte
aos alunos: What b. ( N ) waste f. ( P ) win j. ( P ) fair
was the score? How
many negative words c. ( P ) peace g. ( N ) lose k. ( P ) confidence
are there in How to
Live a Better Life?
And how many
d. ( P ) accomplish h. ( P ) thankful l. ( P ) learn
positive ones? 4; 8
Now read the text quickly to understand the main idea and check your
predictions.
Stockbyte/Getty Images
Step 5: You should eat more foods that grow on trees and plants*
and eat less food that is manufactured in plants.*
Step 6: Spend time with people over the age of 70 and under the age
of 6.
Step 7: You should drink green tea and plenty of water.
Step 8: You must not waste your precious energy on gossip or
issues of the past, negative thoughts or things you cannot
control. Instead invest your energy in the positive present
moment.
Step 9: You must make peace with your past so it wont spoil the
present.
Step 10: Each night before you go to bed you ought to complete the following statements: I am thankful
for... Today I accomplished
Step 11: Dream more while you are awake.
Step 12: You dont have to win every game. Sometimes you win, sometimes you lose. And in both cases you
must remember its only a game.
Step 13: You must eat to live. You must not live to eat.
Step 14: Dont eat junk food. Dont smoke. Dont drink alcohol. Dont drink soft drinks.
Step 15: You must wear your seat belt. Its the law.
Step 16: You have to believe in yourself. You have got to have confidence in your own powers.
Step 17: Life isnt fair, but its still good.
Step 18: Enjoy the ride. Remember this is not Disney World. You only have one ride through life. You have
got to make the most of it and enjoy the ride.
Step 19: Laugh when you can, apologize when you should, and let go of what you cant change.
Step 20: Dont worry, be happy. *Explique aos alunos o jogo de palavras que o autor fez com duas acepes da palavra
plant: a primeira refere-se a "vegetal", enquanto que a segunda, a "fbrica".
(Abridged from: How to Live a Better Life 40 Easy Tips. Available at: <www.ehow.com/way_5199917_tips-live-better-life.
html> and <www.ehow.com/how_5185944_make-better-life.html>. Access: Mar. 8, 2013.)
142 UNIT 10 How to Live a Better Life As palavras destacadas no udio so comentadas no tpico Pronunciation and Stress, no
Manual do Professor.
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General Comprehension Skimming
In Other Words
Match the columns to find the right definition of each word or phrase on the left.
a. apologize (i) stop sleeping
b. at least (h) a useful suggestion
c. awake (j) at the same time as
d. fair (c) not sleeping
e. let go of (d) reasonable, just, morally right
f. a purpose (g) one of a series of actions that you do
g. a step (b) as a minimum, possibly more
h. a tip (e) stop holding
i. wake up (a) say you are sorry
j. while (f) a goal, an objective
k. gossip (n) made in factories
l. spoil (k) conversation about other peoples private lives
m. accomplish (o) try to get the best possible result
n. manufactured in plants (l) make it worse
o. make the most of it (m) be able to do
Step 4 if se condition
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2. Now complete the sentences with those discourse markers, as
appropriate.
Detailed Comprehension
Body or Mind? Scanning
Write B if the statements below refer to the body or M if they refer to the
mind. In two of the statements, both B and M are possible.
a. (M) You must make peace with your past so it wont spoil the present.
b. (M) Learn. If you are alive, there are lessons to be learned.
c. (M) Dream more while you are awake.
d. (M) Laugh when you can, apologize when you should, and let go of what
you cant change.
e. (B) Dont eat junk food. Dont drink soft drinks.
f. (M) Dont worry, be happy.
g. (M) You dont have to win every game. Sometimes you win, sometimes
you lose. And in both cases you must remember its only a game.
h. (B / M) A brisk walk in the morning can help you feel good all day.
i. (B) You should drink green tea and plenty of water.
j. (B / M) Take a 10-30 minute walk every day.
STRUCTURE
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Observe the examples given on page 144. Como alternativa a must, muito comum,
How do you say...? principalmente na linguagem informal, o uso de
have to ou have (ve) got to. Veja como esses
a. Pea desculpas quando voc deve. verbos tm o mesmo sentido de must nestas frases:
Apologize when you should. You have to believe in yourself. You have got to
have confidence in your own powers.
Youve got to make the most of it and enjoy the
b. O que voc deve fazer
ride.
What you should do... You dont have to win every game.
How do you say.... ?
c. Voc deve completar
You ought to complete a. Voc tem de acreditar em si prprio.
You have to believe in yourself.
d. Voc deve beber ch verde.
You should drink green tea.
b. Voc no tem de ganhar todos os jogos.
You dont have to win every game.
Agora observe as ideias expressas pelo verbo
modal em destaque nestas frases:
You must make peace with your past so it wont Um ponto muito importante a esclarecer:
spoil the present. must e have to tm o mesmo sentido nas formas
you must remember its only a game. afirmativa e interrogativa:
You must eat to live. You must not live to eat. You must remember. = You have to remember.
You must wear your seat belt. Its the law. Must I tell you this? = Do I have to tell you this?
You must not waste your precious energy on
Mas na forma negativa eles expressam ideias
gossip
claramente diferentes:
Para expressar necessidade, obrigao forte,
You must not (mustnt) forget this.
ordem, que em portugus corresponde a dever,
ideia de proibio voc no pode esquecer
ter de, precisar de, usamos must. importante
You dont have to remember this.
observar que a forma negativa de must (must not
ideia de ausncia de necessidade voc no
ou mustnt) tem sentido de proibio, corresponde
precisa lembrar
a no poder, no ter permisso para.
Anatoliy Samara/Shutterstock/Glow Images
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1. Read the sentences below and choose the idea that corresponds to each of the modal verbs in bold.
a. We must eat to live. g. You dont have to buy a camera.
(certainty possibility necessity) Ill lend you mine.
(advice no necessity ability)
b. Its late. You should call your family.
(advice ability permission) h. Im your doctor and Im telling you once and
for all: youve got to stop eating junk food.
c. You must stop at the red light.
(order advice ability)
(strong obligation advice remote possibility)
i. Im your friend and I think you should stop
d. We dont have to wake up early tomorrow.
eating junk food. Big burgers and French
Its Sunday.
fries are bad for you.
(necessity prohibition no necessity)
(order advice permission)
e. I must get to the bank before it closes.
j. I know I should get up now, but Im so tired
(advice necessity capacity)
(moral obligation permission possibility)
f. You must not drink before driving. Its the
law. (necessity obligation prohibition)
1 2 3
Andrey Artykov/Vetta/Getty Images
Priscilla Gragg/Getty Images
oliveromg/Shutterstock/Glow Images
Peter Dazeley/Getty Images
b. ( 1 ) You should see the girls on the beach. They just love it!
d. ( 3 ) Jack and Joan must have a good sense of balance to hold in that position.
e. ( 2 ) You dont have to be a pilot if you want to fly, Jimmie. Just gimme your hands!
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Should, ought to e must pertencem ao grupo dos modal verbs, verbos
auxiliares que tm caractersticas especiais, j apresentadas na Unit 9.
Vale a pena ver de novo:
so usados antes de um verbo principal, sempre no infinitivo sem to (
exceo de ought, j explicado), para expressar vrios sentidos especficos:
certeza, possibilidade, capacidade, permisso, conselho, necessidade etc.
tm uma nica forma para todas as pessoas, portanto no so flexionados
quando o sujeito he, she ou it.
a forma negativa feita pelo simples acrscimo de not; a forma
interrogativa feita pelo uso do verbo no incio da pergunta.
Im too fat. What should I do?
Should he get more exercise?
You ought to go on a diet. To learn more
She must not forget that. about this topic, go to
MINIGRAMMAR 37.
I must water those plants, or they will die.
LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
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Nesta etapa os 2. The question is What is the most important thing for a better life?
alunos podem
fazer a atividade What is your answer?
individualmente.
Oriente-os a pensar health
na coisa mais
importante. Como a healthy balance between body and mind
opo, eles podem healthy food
numerar os itens
abaixo em ordem money
de importncia para love
eles.
people
other things What, exactly?
D tempo aos alunos 3. Listen again and identify the answers given by each person to the
para ler as opes.
Em seguida, deixe- question In your opinion what is most important if you really want to
os ouvir o udio live a better life?
completo e assinalar
o que entendem
nesta primeira vez.
Salim October/Shutterstock/Glow Images
Paul Jones
a. health
b. x human relationships
c. money
Tina Parker
a. x a good balance between mind and body
b. love
c. beauty
John Washington
a. learning
b. a good job
Antes de corrigir a
atividade, oriente c. x a good diet
os alunos a conferir
as respostas em Anita Mrquez
duplas. Aproveite
e deixe-os discutir a. money
tambm as b. x love
respostas que deram
pergunta 2. Isso c. family
servir como uma
preparao para o
Speaking. 4. Discuss your answers with a classmate.
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SPEAKING
Healthy Habits
1. Interview two classmates and find out if they have healthy habits. Then
change places.
You can use the following structures:
Do you + do something
Do you drink a lot of water?
Alm de formular
Use actions in the box as a suggestion or make your own questions. perguntas com as
aes do quadro, o
eat fruit and vegetables take a walk in the park aluno poder utilizar
aes mais prximas
eat junk food drink soft drinks read a good book da realidade dele.
watch TV go to the dentist listen to good music
2. Using your notebook, sketch a chart with two columns, one for Good
Habits, the other for Bad Habits.
3. Tell your classmates what you think they should do to improve their
habits. Observe these examples:
Matheus, you read lots of good books. Thats a good habit and you
should stick to it. But you also drink lots of soft drinks. Thats bad.
You should drink more fruit juice or plain water instead.
Ana, you never eat junk food. Thats a good habit and you should
stick to it. Also, you take a walk in the park every other day. Thats
why you look so fit! Well done! Thats a good habit and you should
keep it, too.
CandyBox Images/Shutterstock/Glow Images
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WRITING
Se necessrio, escreva na
2
I dont know. I want to spend time
lousa algumas estruturas with my friends
como: I agree/disagree
because. I think..., In my
opinion/view/To my mind
etc.
Se possvel, crie o blog
3
I think its a good idea but
da turma e oriente-os hanging out with friends is good
a postar respostas e
as well.
comentrios. H diversos
sites em que voc pode
criar um blog grtis.
Algumas sugestes so: your comment
http://www.blogger.com,
http://pt-br.wordpress.
| SUBMIT
com/, http://blog.uol.
com.br/.
2. Now change places with a classmate and read his or her tip. Do you
agree with it? Do you find it interesting? Write a brief comment on it. Use
the comments on Sandras post as reference.
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Another Look at...
Your life is up to you. You have all the tools and resources you need. What
you do with them is your decision. Life gives you the canvas. You do the
painting. We are all painters, artists, creators. Let your life be a beautiful work
of art.
Responda em portugus:
1. A que a vida est sendo comparada?
A uma pintura.
Edward Bock/Corbis
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Q uando o tema to rico como Sugestes para
uma vida melhor, grande a variedade de
respostas, aparecem muito mais do que as 20
easy tips selecionadas em How to Live a Better Life.
THINK Parece que todos ns temos a nossa receita especial,
ABOUT IT sugestes de atividades simples mas interessantes e
muitas vezes criativas. E j que o assunto sugestes,
aqui fica a proposta de um debate sobre isso a ser
desenvolvido pela classe.
Dividida em grupos, a turma discute, elabora frases sobre
o tema Suggestions on How to Live a Happy Life, e os vrios grupos
compartilham as mais votadas. Frases simples, em ingls na sua forma final, in
English, of course!, como estas:
Bew/Other Images
Be optimistic.
Sing in the shower.
Say thank you a lot.
Say please a lot.
Help your family with the housework.
Dont expect money to bring you happiness.
Learn.
Dont worry. Be happy.
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Yes, We Have Bananas
26Bananas are abundant in Brazil and
easily accessible to every Brazilian. There
is even an interesting idiom used to express
that something is very inexpensive when
a Brazilian buys something dirt cheap,
he says he buys it a preo de banana. This
popular fruit should be included in your
daily diet, and for more reasons than you
could imagine.
Making predictions
Observe the picture, read the title and the opening text. Do you like bananas? What do you
mean when you say you can buy something a preo de banana? Is that the only reason
why bananas are so popular? Do you find them tasty? Are they good for your health too?
Should they be included in your daily diet? What kind of benefits do you think the text
attributes to that fruit? Make predictions about the text and check them as you read.
153
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READING
Bananas are good for your health in several ways. Check () the illnesses
or medical conditions* you think bananas can help you overcome or
prevent. * medical conditions = health problems
Now read the text quickly to get the main idea and check your
predictions.
(Adapted from: MEDICAL Uses. Available at: <www.banana.com/medicinal.html>. Access: Mar. 11, 2013.)
154 UNIT 11 Yes, We Have Bananas As palavras destacadas no udio so comentadas no tpico Pronunciation and Stress, no
Manual do Professor.
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General Comprehension Skimming
In Other Words
Write down words or phrases from the text which are similar in meaning
to those in bold:
Many of the following pairs of words and phrases are from Yes, We Have
a. ( S ) plentiful abundant
b. ( S ) really in fact
c. ( S ) fit in shape
d. ( S ) reason cause
e. ( A ) stressed calm
f. ( A ) high low
g. ( S ) cheap inexpensive
h. ( S ) overcome defeat
i. ( S ) prevent stop something from happening
j. ( S ) illnesses diseases
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Function Words
1. Match each word listed below with its corresponding word in
Portuguese.
Paragraph 2 b. so ( f ) talvez
e. away ( a ) at (mesmo)
g. a day ( h ) to + adjetivo
Noun Phrases
Scan the text to find the nouns that complete the following phrases:
a. blood pressure presso sangunea
b. mosquito bite picada de mosquito
c. brain power poder do crebro
d. boost of energy aumento de energia
e. banana skin casca de banana
f. high in iron com alto teor de ferro
g. low in salt com baixo teor de sal
h. potassium levels nveis de potssio
i. nervous system sistema nervoso
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Looking for Reference Reference words
In each sentence, choose the alternative to which the word in bold refers.
Detailed Comprehension
Finding Specific Information Scanning
Scan the text and match the beginnings with the endings, according to
Yes, We Have Bananas.
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LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
Myth or Reality?
Esta discusso inicial deve ser 1. In pairs, read the statements below and decide whether they are true or
breve, pois serve apenas para
introduzir o tema aos alunos. false.
Todas as frases ao lado podem
ser consideradas mitos com Drinking a glass of water before breakfast can help you lose weight.
relao alimentao. Fonte:
<http://maisequilibrio.terra. Avocados and bananas are fattening.
com.br/mitos-e-verdades-da-
alimentacao-2-1-1-404.html>.
Eating carbohydrates in the evening makes you fatter.
Acesso: 11 mar. 2013.
Lembre sempre aos 27 2. Susan and Michael are talking about an article that one of them
alunos que eles no
devem se preocupar
read on the Internet. Listen to the dialogue and identify who said what.
com palavras
ou expresses a. No gosta muito de bananas. Susan
desconhecidas.
O objetivo desta
atividade b. Est comendo uma banana. Michael
compreender o
texto como um todo
e as informaes c. Est fazendo dieta. Susan
especficas
necessrias para
fazer o exerccio. d. Acha que as bananas engordam. Susan
Astral232/Shutterstock/Glow Images
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STRUCTURE
a. It was a long trip from Porto Alegre to Manaus. Everybody was tired .
(tired tiring)
f. It was raining and the kids had nothing to do. They were
bored . (bored boring)
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1. It can also help overcome or prevent a great number of illnesses, making it a must
2. Before reaching for the insect bite cream
3. Research shows that bananas can assist learning
4. by making students become more interested and alert.
5. Eating a banana every day helps to keep the doctor away
6. There is even an interesting idiom
Match the -ing forms in the examples above with their corresponding uses.
Translate the -ing forms in bold into Portuguese.
b. substantivo
3. learning, aprendizado/aprendizagem
Alguns verbos em ingls, como to like, podem vir seguidos de gerndio (forma
-ing) ou infinitivo, sem mudana de sentido. Assim:
We all like listening to good music. = We all like to listen to good music.
Outros s podem ser seguidos de uma dessas formas. To enjoy (gostar de),
por exemplo, s pode ser seguido de gerndio.
We enjoy listening to good music.
Outros s podem ser seguidos de infinitivo, por exemplo, to want (querer):
We want to listen to music.
Finalmente, h alguns (poucos) verbos que podem ser seguidos de gerndio
para expressar um sentido e de infinitivo para expressar outro. No texto desta
Unidade encontramos try + -ing form. Nesse caso, to try significa experimentar,
fazer uma experincia:
try rubbing the affected area experimente esfregar a rea afetada
To learn more
To try pode ser seguido de infinitivo, mas nesse caso o sentido de tentar,
about this topic, go to fazer um esforo para, e no de experimentar, fazer uma experincia.
MINIGRAMMAR 40. I always try to stay calm when a mosquito bites me, but this time it was impossible.
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Modal Verbs Used to Express Deduction: Must, Cant
Observe os exemplos. Qual a ideia expressa pelos verbos modais em destaque:
conselho, possibilidade ou capacidade?
capacity
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Ilustraes: Estdio 1+2/Arquivo da editora
Wow! He must
be a genius!
2. Use the same box to choose the ideas expressed by the modal verbs in
the sentences below.
b. If you suffer from constipation you should drink lots of water and include
bananas in your diet, because they are high in fiber.
advice
d. Bananas are grown in hot countries, where the temperatures can reach 40
degrees Celsius in the summer.
possibility
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e. I must remember to include that fruit in my daily diet.
necessity
To learn more
f. Mom, can I have a banana milkshake?
about this topic, go to
permission MINIGRAMMAR 37.
WRITING
Creating a Poster
1. In groups, scan the main text in this Unit (p. 154) and find the right
words to complete this poster.
3
It can reduce the risk of
blood pressure problems.
2. Frases curtas, apresentao do texto em tpicos, uso de imagens ilustrativas. Comente com os alunos que, em psteres desse
tipo, comum o uso de frases curtas e objetivas com a ideia central, sem muitos detalhes. Alm disso, a apresentao do
texto em tpicos e o uso de imagens ilustrativas torna a composio do pster mais atraente para o leitor, facilitando a leitura.
2. Make a list of at least 3 common features of a poster. How is the text presented? What kind of
sentences are used? What kind of images go with them?
3. In groups, create a poster about the benefits of some fruit or any other kind of food of your
choice. Find information about that in books, magazines or the Internet.
3. Se possvel, oriente os alunos a falar com o professor de Biologia para esclarecer eventuais dvidas sobre os
benefcios de certos alimentos. Lembre aos alunos que apenas as ideias centrais devem aparecer no pster e de
que eles podem ilustr-lo para facilitar a leitura e visualizao. Se desejar, Yes, We Have Bananas UNIT 11 163
promova uma exposio dos psteres na sala ou no mural da escola.
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SPEAKING
You should stop it! You should eat fruit and vegetables instead.
My sister has high cholesterol, but she loves drinking soda. What
should she do?
Thats not good. She should stop drinking soda and start drinking
fruit juice instead.
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Another Look at...
Bananas
1. Look at the picture, read the poem and complete the lines with words from the
box. Be careful! There are 4 extra words in the box.
2. Which of these key words do you think best describes the situation in the poem?
3. Choose a title for the poem, then use your imagination and create your own title for it.
Resposta pessoal.
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B
ananas para despoluir o ambiente
As cascas de banana podem ter um destino muito
mais nobre e til do que ir para o lixo. Um estudo
realizado pela qumica Milena Rodrigues Boniolo [...]
THINK
THINK mostrou que elas podem ser usadas para remover metais
ABOUT
ABOUTIT IT pesados como o urnio da gua.
A qumica conta que a ideia de usar casca de
banana para remover metais pesados da gua surgiu
da tentativa de dar uma destinao til para as vrias
toneladas de casca que so descartadas anualmente no pas e
acabam se tornando lixo poluente. []
Para desenvolver o estudo, Boniolo preparou um p com as cascas de
banana. Durante uma semana, as cascas foram colocadas em uma assadeira
no telhado da casa da pesquisadora, debaixo de sol forte. Depois de secas,
elas foram batidas em um liquidificador e peneiradas. O p foi colocado em um
recipiente fechado com gua contendo grandes quantidades de metais pesados,
como o urnio, sob agitao constante, por 40 minutos. Segundo a qumica, a
banana, que tem carga negativa, combina-se com os metais pesados, que tm
carga positiva. Ao fim desse processo de agitao, o p contaminado deposita-
-se no fundo do recipiente. Em mdia, o p da casca de banana consegue
remover 65% dos metais pesados da gua []
Bananas
are really
good for you.
And banana
skins can be
good for the
environment. Ajt/Shutterstock/Glow Images
(Adapted from: FERNANDES, Thas. Cincia hoje On-line. Available at: <http://cienciahoje.uol.com.br/noticias/
quimica/bananas-para-despoluir-o-ambiente/>, Oct. 2009. Access: Mar. 19, 2013.)
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Why Are We
So Fat?
28 Americans enjoy one of the
most luxurious lifestyles on Earth:
Our food is plentiful. Our work is
automated. Our leisure is effortless.
And its killing us.
Making predictions
Obesity is a serious health problem
worldwide. According to the AMB
(Brazilian Medical Association), about
40% of the Brazilian population is now
overweight, and more than 10 million
Andrei Zarubaika/Shutterstock/Glow Images
167
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READING
Some foods are good for your health. Others are not. Check the pictures
that show junk food, food that is not good for you, because it contains a
lot of fat, salt, or sugar.
Nayashkova Olga/Shutterstock/Glow Images
Read the text quickly to get the main idea and check your predictions.
Then read the whole text.
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General Comprehension Skimming
In Other Words
Match each word or phrase in bold with its meaning.
Words In Context
Nayashkova Olga/Shutterstock/Glow Images
c. Because of the lack of rain there was no food for a long time.
It was a terrible .
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Discourse Markers Using grammar for vocabulary expansion
1. Scan the text to find this information. Answer the questions in Portuguese.
a. Por que Billy acaba sempre desistindo de fazer dieta?
Porque ele no consegue resistir tentao
(das comidas de que ele gosta e que o fazem engordar).
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Jag_cz/Shutterstock/Glow Images
2. Match the beginnings and the endings of the sentences. "You should eat
lots of fruit and
vegetables."
a. When you deprive your body of ( g ) like swimming or working out
sufficient calories, in the gym.
b. Each time you diet,
( d ) he is fatter than he was before.
c. He knows he mustnt eat those
things, ( b ) your body is more efficient at
this cycle.
d. So, a few weeks after starting a
new crash diet, ( f ) you spend watching television.
e. When you go on a diet, your ( c ) but he simply cant resist
metabolism slows down
temptation.
f. You ought to reduce the time
( a ) it loses weight at first.
g. You should also increase your
physical activity, ( e ) to conserve energy.
Choose the alternative that best completes each sentence, according to the text.
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LISTENING
A transcrio do udio destas atividades encontra-se no tpico Audio Scripts, no Manual do Professor.
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STRUCTURE
1. We can find many examples of modal verbs usage both in Billys letter and in Docs answer.
Identify the idea expressed by each modal verb in the sentences below.
Sweet colors that
a. I must do something about it. necessity you can eat...
in moderation!
b. I really have to lose weight. necessity
c. I may lose a little weight at first possibility
d. I might even lose a few pounds. remote possibility
e. I know I mustnt eat those things prohibition
f. But I simply cant resist temptation. no capacity
g. What should I do? advice
h. You can lose weight. capacity
i. And you dont have to starve yourself no necessity
j. Your goal should be advice
k. But you have to do that little by little. necessity
l. Heres what you should do advice
m. You ought to reduce the time advice
n. Walking will also help. certainty
Vorobyeva/Shutterstock/Glow Images
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2. Finish the second sentence in accordance with the situation presented in the first one. Use
the verbs in the box for reference.
Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs so locues compostas de um verbo e uma partcula (preposio ou advrbio) que tm
um significado prprio. Em muitos casos, o significado dessas locues acompanha o dos elementos que
a formam. Assim, jump significa pular, saltar; up significa para cima; em jump up a partcula adverbial
apenas refora o sentido do verbo. Muitas outras phrasal verbs, no entanto, tm um sentido no previsvel,
que precisa ser memorizado. Assim, look significa olhar, for significa para ou por, mas look for
significa procurar. As locues verbais vo sendo incorporadas medida que as encontramos nos textos.
Observe as locues verbais em destaque nestas frases:
[] in a few weeks your metabolism slows down to conserve energy.
Your goal should be to make your body burn up its precious reserves of fat.
You should also increase your physical activity, like swimming or working out in the gym.
Some common phrasal verbs with call are included in the following story. Check the meaning
of the phrasal verbs and their use in context.
call for:
1 demand, require Some situations call for a lot of patience.
2 go to get (somebody I promised to call for Mary at 7 yesterday.
or something)
We were going to call on some friends. But I had
call on: visit
traveled to So Paulo and it was raining hard.
Because of the bad weather all flights to Rio were
call off: cancel
called off. So I couldnt come.
call up: telephone I called her up to explain, and then she called me
call down: reprimand down!
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Estdio 1+2/Arquivo da editora
e. John asked me to keep his books here until tomorrow. Hell call for
them tomorrow afternoon.
f. If you dont stop talking, the boss will call you down .
SPEAKING
Healthy Habits
1. Use your notebook and make a list of your bad habits. Think of the foods you
eat, the time you devote to studying, the time you spend in front of the TV etc.
2. Now take turns with two of your classmates, asking and answering
questions about the bad habits on your list. Use the ideas from the box on
page 176 for reference, but you can also make your own questions. Follow
the example:
Could you give me some advice?
Sure. Whats the matter?
Im getting so fat
Well, you should stop eating junk food. You should eat more fruit
and vegetables. And you should get more exercise.
Youre right. Ill try to follow your advice. Thanks a lot.
Youre welcome/Anytime.
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follow a healthy diet do physical exercise study harder
need to change your
have to lose weight read more books
habits
like ice cream like fatty foods go to the park
Oriente os alunos
a usar as ideias eat rice and beans eat junk food go out with friends
como referncia
e incentive-os a drink a lot of water drink milk visit new places
formular perguntas
sobre outros hbitos like fruit and vegetables drink green tea watch good movies
saudveis. Circule
pela sala e os ajude
se necessrio.
WRITING
My Secret Diet
KEY
Fat (naturally occurring and
Fats, Oils & Sweets
added)
USE SPARINGLY
Sugars (Added)
These symbols show fats
and added sugars in food
Vegetable Group
3-5 SERVINGS Fruit Group
2-4 SERVINGS
Fac-smile/Arquivo da editora
Bread, Cereal, Rice &
Pasta Group
6-11 SERVINGS
Use the food pyramid for inspiration and write a paragraph about your
healthy diet, but make it a secret diet, do not reveal the foods. Exchange
your paragraph with a classmate, you both have to guess what foods the
other one eats every day. Use the paragraph below only for reference,
make all the alterations necessary to fit your healthy diet.
I follow the food pyramid so I have a very healthy diet. I have 6 to 11 servings
of and 3 to 5 servings of every day. I love
so I have 4 servings of daily. I always
have 2 servings of or mixed with some
. I have 2 to 3 servings of every day. I
know , , are to be used
in moderation, so I rarely have them.
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Another Look at...
Healthy Diets
Para combater a obesidade infantil, as autoridades norte-americanas
mudaram as regras da merenda escolar. Na edio de 14/9/2012, a revista
Time publicou, na seo Healthland, um artigo sobre essas novas regras,
que visam a uma alimentao mais saudvel para os estudantes dos EUA.
Observe the photo, read the title and the text. Then choose the alternatives that
best complete the following statements.
(Mixed Grades for New, Healthy School Lunch Rules. Available at: <http://healthland.time.com/2012/09/14/mixed-grades-
for-new-healthy-school-lunch-rules/#ixzz26acrCfi7>. Access: Oct. 2, 2012.)
a. A expresso mixed grades usada no ttulo do artigo sinaliza que essas medidas
tiveram aprovao geral.
x foram bem recebidas por alguns estudantes, mas no por outros.
tiveram reprovao geral.
b. O novo menu da merenda escolar norte-americana
ainda inclui alimentos tpicos dos restaurantes de fast food.
inclui alimentos gordurosos, mas uma variedade maior de verdes.
x segue novos padres estabelecidos pelo governo federal.
c. Um dos estudantes entrevistados pela revista gostou de poder comer uma ma adicional
x mas no deixou de trazer o seu prprio sanduche para o almoo.
mas achou que o novo menu no consegue saciar a fome.
e elogiou o novo sanduche, mais saudvel do que o que serviam anteriormente.
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obesidade um problema de sade pblica que afeta mais
STENZEL, Lcia Marques. Obesidade: O peso da excluso. 2. ed. Porto Alegre: ediPUCRS, 2003.
NAO fast food: Uma rede de corrupo. Direo: Ridhard Linklater. Produo: Chris
Salvaterra. Distribuio: Five Stars Distribuidora de Filmes Ltda, 2006.
SUPER size me: A dieta do palhao. Direo: Morgan Spurlock. Produo: Jr. Morley/
Heather Winters. Distribuio: Imagem Filmes Distribuidora Ltda., 2004.
STAYING at a healthy weight. Available at: <http://kidshealth.org/teen/your-body/take-care/
healthy-weight.html>. Access: Mar. 11, 2013.
WHY our food is making us fat. Available at: <www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/jun/11/
why-our-food-is-making-us-fat>. Access: Mar. 11, 2013.
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Check Your English 4
1. Find the sentences in the box that make sense a. If you are traveling by car, bus or plane, your
after each of the sentences below. seat belt will protect you in case
a. Im too fat. What should I do? c. If your blood pressure is too high or too
d. Sally isnt feeling well. What should she do? 3. Complete the dialogues. Find the sentences
She should see a doctor. in the box that make sense as an answer or
comment to each of the sentences below.
e. Its after midnight and theyre probably worried It must be Michael. He always calls me around
about me. this time. He must be getting old. You cant be
I must go now. hungry! I saw you eat a big sandwich ten minutes
ago! They must be crazy! He must be lonely.
0.1 point each /0.5 a. Mark: My cousin Debbie is going to have another
baby in June. They have a big family already.
2. Find the correct nouns in the box to complete Exactly twenty children, twenty-one when that new
the noun phrases below. Then use those noun
baby is born.
phrases to complete the sentences.
Susan: They must be crazy!
blood banana junk video seat
179
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c. Matt: I must go and visit my grandfather. He lives But
alone in the farmhouse no pets, no telephone,
no TV, no computer. Hes a funny character, my
Grandpa.
Phil: He must be lonely.
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Observe a foto, leia o artigo e responda Leia o texto para responder questo 6.
questo 5.
Youth
Ilolab/Shutterstock/Glow Images
a. reorganizar o tratamento mdico do sistema a. in the past the behavior of young people was
de sade. praised by everybody.
b. reduzir os programas de educao fsica nas b. X adults throughout history have been alarmed
escolas pblicas. by the behavior of young people.
c. substituir a guerra ao terrorismo pela guerra
c. if Peter the Hermit lived today he would
indolncia.
probably have a different opinion about youth.
d. X promover a sade pblica pela adoo de uma
d. the young people of today have great respect
srie de medidas confrontando a obesidade e
a falta de exerccio fsico. for their parents.
e. proibir o consumo de batatas fritas e e. many of the problems of yesterday do not exist
refrigerantes em geral. today.
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Leia o texto para responder questo 7. 7. Assinale True or False, com base nas
declaraes do fsico Stephen Hawking.
Colonies on Mars will flourish and we will
eventually conquer the universe, says a. Essas colnias podero ser realidade dentro de
Stephen Hawking pouco tempo. F
8. (Enem-2011)
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O projeto Mappiness, idealizado pela London (ITA-SP 2012) As questes de 10 a 12 referem-
School of Economics, ocupa-se do tema -se ao seguinte texto:
relacionado
ao nvel de felicidade das pessoas em tempos de Thursday, Feb. 10, 2011
2045: The Year Man Becomes Immortal
guerra.
By Lev Grossman
dificuldade de medir o nvel de felicidade das
pessoas a partir de seu humor.
[], Kurzweil believes that were approaching a
ao nvel de felicidade das pessoas enquanto
moment when computers will become intelligent,
falam ao celular com seus familiares.
and not just intelligent but more intelligent than
x relao entre o nvel de felicidade das pessoas e
humans. When that happens, humanity our bodies,
o ambiente no qual se encontram.
5 our minds, our civilization will be completely
infuncia das imagens grafitadas pelas ruas no and irreversibly transformed. He believes that
aumento do nvel de felicidade das pessoas. this moment is not only inevitable but imminent.
0.5 point each /0.5 According to his calculations, the end of human
civilization as we know it is about 35 years away.
9. (Enem-2011) 10 Computers are getting faster. Everybody knows
that. Also, computers are getting faster faster that is,
the rate at which theyre getting faster is increasing.
True? True.
So if computers are getting so much faster,
15 so incredibly fast, there might conceivably come
a moment when they are capable of something
comparable to human intelligence. Artificial
intelligence. All that horsepower could be put in
the service of emulating whatever it is our brains
20 are doing when they create consciousness not just
doing arithmetic very quickly or composing piano
music but also driving cars, writing books, making
ethical decisions, appreciating fancy paintings,
making witty observations at cocktail parties.
25 If you can swallow that idea, and Kurzweil and a
lot of other very smart people can, then all bets are
off. From that point on, theres no reason to think
GLASBERGEN, R. Todays Cartton. Disponvel em:
http://www.glasbergen.com. Acesso em: 23 jul. 2010.
computers would stop getting more powerful. They
would keep on developing until they were far more
Na fase escolar, prtica comum que os 30 intelligent than we are. Their rate of development
professores passem atividades extraclasse e
would also continue to increase, because they would
marquem uma data para que as mesmas sejam
take over their own development from their slower-
entregues para correo. No caso da cena
thinking human creators. Imagine a computer
da charge, a professora ouve uma estudante
apresentando argumentos para scientist that was itself a super-intelligent computer.
35 It would work incredibly quickly. It could draw on
discutir sobre o contedo do seu trabalho j entregue.
huge amounts of data effortlessly. It wouldnt even
elogiar o tema proposto para o relatrio solicitado. take breaks to play Farmville.
sugerir temas para novas pesquisas e relatrios. []
reclamar do curto prazo para entrega do trabalho.
x convencer de que fez o relatrio solicitado. (Adapted from: GROSSMAN. Lev. 2045: The Year Man
Becomes Immortal. Time Magazine. Available at: <http://
0.5 point each /0.5 www.time.com/printout/0,8816,2048138,00.html>.
Access: Oct. 11, 2012.)
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10. De acordo com o texto, (Unifesp-2012) Leia o texto para responder s
questes de nmero 13 a 18.
a. Kurzweil est convencido de que os novos
computadores podero conduzir nossa mente
Longevity: Habits May Extend Life Only So
e nosso corpo.
Much
b. possvel que, num futuro prximo, By Nicholas Bakalar
August 8, 2011
supercomputadores se desenvolvam
independentemente de seus criadores
The eating, drinking and exercise habits of
humanos. extremely old but healthy people differ little from
those of the rest of us, a new study has found.
c. x Kurzweil acredita que o fim da civilizao
Gerontologists at the Albert Einstein College of
humana poder acontecer em 35 anos.
Medicine recruited 477 Ashkenazi
Jews ages 95 to 112 who were living
d. computadores, cada vez mais rpidos, igualar-
independently. The researchers took blood
-se-o ao crebro humano.
samples, did physical examinations and obtained
e. a Cincia da Computao ocupa-se, detailed personal and medical histories from
each participant. Then they compared them
atualmente, do desenvolvimento de
with 1,374 non-Hispanic white adults, ages 65 to
superinteligncias.
74, from the general population. For both men
11. From that point on (linha 27) refere-se a and women, consumption of alcohol, amount of
physical activity and the percentage of people
a. whatever it is our brains are doing. on low-calorie or low-salt diets were almost
identical in the two groups.
b. all bets are off.
Long-lived men were less likely to be obese
c. Kurzweil and a lot of other very smart people than their younger counterparts, although no
can. less likely to be overweight. The oldest women
were more likely to be overweight and less
d. x if you can swallow that idea. likely to be obese. More men among the oldest
were nonsmokers, but smoking habits were not
e. they would keep on developing. significantly different among the women.
__16__ that it all depends on genes, and
12. Na sentena They would keep on developing
we might as well eat, drink and be merry? No,
until they were far more intelligent than we are
according to the senior author, Dr. Nir Barzilai,
(linhas 28 a 30), o vocbulo grifado poderia ser director of the Institute for Aging Research at
substitudo por Albert Einstein College of Medicine. For most
of us who __17__ genes for longevity, he said,
a. far away.
if you follow the healthy lifestyle the medical
b. incredible. community has put forth, you are __18__ to live
past 80.
c. x much. The study was published online last week in
The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
d. distant.
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Instruo: Assinale as alternativas que 15. No trecho do segundo pargrafo Long-lived
completam correta e respectivamente as men were less likely to be obese than their
lacunas numeradas no texto. younger counterparts, although no less likely to
13. According to the text, be overweight. a palavra although pode ser
substituda, sem alterao de sentido, por
a. independent elderly people are more likely to live
a. but.
more and in a healthy way.
b. so.
b. the research compared two groups: one of men
c. or.
aged from 95 to 112 and one of women aged from
65 to 74. d. since.
e. thus.
c. the study concluded that extremely old people
do not have significantly different eating, 16.
drinking and exercise habits from the rest of the
a. Do you talk
population.
b. Have they done
d. women in the oldest group were more likely to be
c. Has it said
nonsmokers when compared to women in the 65
to 74 group. d. Does this mean
e. Is he showing
e. non-Hispanic white adults tend to live less than
Ashkenazi Jews, probably because of their 17.
lifestyle. a. doesnt express
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SELF-EVALUATION (UNITS 10, 11 AND 12) ( ) understand and practice modal verbs used to
express advice, obligation (should, ought to),
How did you do? What was your score? necessity (must), deduction (must / cant)
How do you evaluate your own progress? ( ) identify and use phrasal verbs with call
Check ( ) for Yes, (X) for No, or (R) for Review ( ) listen to dialogues, telephone conversations,
Units 10, 11 and 12 after each of the topics and opinion polls
below.
( ) talk to a classmate about good and bad habits
Now I can
( ) write a poster or a short text
( ) use the different reading strategies to be able to
( ) understand and complete the information of a
understand a text in English
food pyramid
( ) identify the meaning and function of discourse
( ) reflect and debate about lifestyle habits: healthy
markers
food, physical exercise, and the ways to keep fit
( ) get the meanings of new words from context and have a better life
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Minigrammar
The man spoke about the nature of the project. 2. All living things share Earth. ; the
(O homem falou sobre a natureza do projeto.) 3. man sees planet as something to conquer. Thats
attitude of modern man. ; the; the;
The milk in the bottle is for the baby.
4. Flintstones is a TV cartoon program about a family
(O leite [que est] na mamadeira para o beb.) from Stone Age. The; the
O artigo definido tambm usado antes de um 5. evolution of human race began some 150,000
substantivo concreto no singular para designar toda uma years ago. The; the;
classe ou espcie, em geral:
The poor. The old. The young. The blind. The dead. A town. A house. A year. A unit.
(Os pobres. Os velhos. Os jovens. Os cegos. Os mortos.) (Uma cidade. Uma casa. Um ano. Uma unidade.)
187
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Usa-se a, portanto, antes de palavras comeadas por h 4. human being needs affection. human being
aspirado: youre looking at needs lot of affection. a; ; the; a
A horse. A head. A human being. 5. One of my favorite movies is Lord of Rings. ; The; the
(Um cavalo. Uma cabea. Um ser humano.)
A uniform. A useful instrument. A European car. Quando nos referimos a algo/algum que est perto,
(Um uniforme. Um instrumento til. Um carro europeu.) usamos this para o singular e these para o plural:
E tambm antes de substantivos compostos iniciados This magazine [in my hand] is new.
por one: (Esta revista [na minha mo] nova.)
These pictures [in the magazine] are great.
A one-way street. A one-hour film. (Estas fotos [que esto na revista] so timas.)
(Uma rua de mo nica. Um filme de uma hora.)
Para nos referirmos a algo/algum que est longe,
Usa-se an antes de som de vogal: usamos that para o singular e those para o plural:
An animal. An epidemic. An opportunity. That car [in the garage] is new.
(Um animal. Uma epidemia. Uma oportunidade.) (Aquele carro [na garagem] novo.)
Those trucks [on the road] are old.
Ou antes de palavras iniciadas com h mudo:
(Aqueles caminhes [na estrada] so velhos.)
An hour. An honor. An heir. An honest man.
That e those so tambm usados quando nos
(Uma hora. Uma honra. Um herdeiro. Um homem honesto.)
referimos a algo/algum que est perto da pessoa a quem
Ao contrrio do portugus, usa-se o artigo indefinido nos dirigimos, com quem estamos falando:
antes de substantivos que designam profisso,
That book [in your hand] is excellent.
nacionalidade ou religio:
(Esse livro [na sua mo] excelente.)
Dustin Hoffman is an actor/an American/a Jew. Those words [from the book] are beautiful.
(Dustin Hoffman ator/norte-americano/judeu.) (Essas palavras [que esto no livro] so belas.)
Two dollars a gallon. Fifty cents a kilo. como adjetivos, antes dos substantivos:
(Dois dlares o galo. Cinquenta centavos o quilo.)
This exercise is easy. That lesson is difficult.
A hundred-twenty miles an hour. (Este exerccio fcil. Aquela lio difcil.)
(Cento e vinte milhas por hora.)
como pronomes substantivos:
Complete com a/an ou the, quando for necessrio. A conjuno que tambm tem a forma that, e em
ingls pode ser omitida da frase, principalmente na
1. Be optimist and you will be happier person. an; a linguagem informal:
2. One of drugs in chocolate is caffeine. the; ;
You know (that) the choice is yours.
3. caffeine is stimulant. ; a (Voc sabe [que] a escolha sua.)
188 Minigrammar
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MINITEST MINITEST
Which shoes did you buy? I bought the black ones. Jane loves John. She loves him.
(Que sapatos voc comprou? Comprei os pretos.) objeto
This is a message for John. This is a message for him.
Observe o quadro: objeto
Esse uso de one um tanto formal. Em linguagem 4. Language makes the difference for the human being. It
sets or apart from other creatures who share this
informal, usa-se you.
planet. (him; her he; she they; we)
How can you avoid that problem? 5. Give the money that has been spent in war and will
(Como voc/se pode evitar esse problema?) clothe every man, woman, and child. (I; me me; I I; I)
Minigrammar 189
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6. Pronomes possessivos MINITEST
Os pronomes possessivos com funo adjetiva vm Complete as frases com os pronomes adequados.
antes do substantivo. 1. These are not glasses. Are they , John? my; yours
2. They love country, we love . their; ours
Pronomes Pronomes
Pronomes
Possessivos Possessivos 3. I never take laptop to school, but she always takes .
Pessoais my; hers
(Adjetivos) (Substantivos)
4. You dont have to buy a dictionary, you can use . I
meu(s); have another at home. mine
I my mine
minha(s)
5. Your mother wants to sell car, but engine is too
teu(s); tua(s); old. her; its * A forma its s existe como pronome
you your yours seu(s); sua(s) adjetivo, e no deve ser confundida com
its, que a forma contrata de it is ou it has.
de voc
seu(s); sua(s) 7. Pronomes reflexivos
he his his
dele
seu(s); sua(s) Pronomes
she her hers Pronomes Reflexivos
dela Pessoais
seu(s); sua(s) me; a mim; eu mesmo/a;
it its * I myself
dele/dela a mim mesmo/a
Os pronomes possessivos com funo de substantivo Os pronomes reflexivos so usados logo aps o verbo e
so usados no lugar do substantivo. de acordo com o sujeito, para indicar que esse sujeito faz e
recebe os efeitos da ao:
That baggage is not mine. Those suitcases are not mine.
We enjoyed ourselves immensely at the party last Saturday.
(Aquela bagagem no a minha. Aquelas malas no so as
(Ns nos divertimos muito na festa sbado passado.)
minhas.)
Os mesmos pronomes, quando usados logo aps o
importante observar que, em ingls, diferentemente sujeito, tm sentido enftico:
do que acontece em portugus, os possessivos: We ourselves decorated the room.
(Ns mesmos decoramos o salo.)
tm forma nica para o masculino e o feminino, no
singular e no plural, concordando com o possuidor e no A mesma expresso de nfase dada pela colocao
do pronome no final da frase.
com o que possudo.
We decorated the room ourselves.
John and his father/mother/brothers/sisters. (Ns mesmos decoramos o salo.)
(John e seu pai/sua me/seus irmos/suas irms.)
Esses pronomes podem ainda ter um sentido
no so usados com o artigo definido: idiomtico quando vierem precedidos da preposio by,
formando uma expresso que significa sozinho/a, sem
My sister and her friends went to our farm yesterday. ajuda ou companhia.
(A minha irm e os amigos dela foram nossa fazenda I prepared the appetizers by myself. No one helped me.
ontem.) Eu preparei os aperitivos sozinho. Ningum me ajudou.
190 Minigrammar
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Alive estaria incorreto na frase anterior, mas est
MINITEST
correto em:
Complete com os pronomes reflexivos adequados. Those animals are still alive.
1. You should not expose to the sunlight without (Aqueles animais ainda esto vivos.)
protection. yourself
B. Passado
Compare:
Scientists make experiments with living animals. As formas do passado (pretrito perfeito ou imperfeito)
(Os cientistas fazem experincias com animais vivos.) do verbo to be so apenas duas: was e were.
Minigrammar 191
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Para expressar existncia no passado:
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
I was I was not Was I? Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
You were You were not Were you? Havia, There was
He was He was not Was he? There was Was there?
existia not
She was She was not Was she?
Havia, There were
It was It was not Was it? There were Were there?
existiam not
We were We were not Were we?
You were You were not Were you? Para expressar existncia no futuro:
They were They were not Were they?
Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
No passado apenas as formas negativas podem ser
abreviadas: Haver,
There will
existir, There will be Will there be?
wasnt = was not not be
existiro
werent = were not
Formas abreviadas:
isnt = is not
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wasnt = was not
Complete com as formas adequadas de to be, no wont = will not
presente ou no passado.
arent = are not
1. Van Gogh and Rembrandt born in Holland. They
Dutch. were; were werent = were not
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O Simple Present Tense equivale ao Presente do c. We more laws to control the use of guns. need
Indicativo em portugus. Ele tem a mesma forma bsica
d. Jane Goodall the behavior of chimpanzees in an
do infinitivo do verbo, sem a partcula to.
African jungle. studies
Essa forma bsica usada para todas as pessoas, com e. Chocolate small amounts of three drugs. contains
exceo da terceira pessoa do singular (he/she/it), caso
em que, em geral, se acrescenta um -s (he/she/it lives). 2. Complete as frases com as formas do Simple
A terminao em -s muda para -es no caso dos verbos
Present dos verbos entre parnteses.
terminados em: a. Experience is a good teacher, but it us some hard
lessons. (teach teaches) teaches
to go he/she/it goes
o b. John and Peter tennis every Saturday. What sports
to do he/she/it does
do you play? (play plays) play
ss to pass he/she/it passes
c. We go to the shopping mall in the morning, but Jane
ch to teach he/she/it teaches there in the afternoon. (go goes) goes
sh to wash he/she/it washes
d. Alisha is an old-fashioned nice girl. She
her
x to fix he/she/it fixes homework regularly and then she helps her mother
with the housework. (do does) does
Quando o verbo termina em -y precedido de vogal,
acrescenta-se -s forma bsica da terceira pessoa do
singular, como em: 12. Tempos verbais: Simple Present
to play: I play (he/she/it plays) formas negativa e interrogativa
to buy: I buy (he/she/it buys)
Exemplos de conjugao nas formas negativa e
Mas quando o -y precedido de consoante, ele interrogativa:
trocado por -ies, como em:
Negativa Interrogativa
to try: I try (he/she/it tries)
to cry: I cry (he/she/it cries) I I
do not Do
You you
Verdades universais, fatos cientficos ou da natureza: Na forma negativa do Simple Present dos verbos
principais, dentre os quais to know um exemplo, usa-se o
Plants absorb carbon from the air. verbo auxiliar do + not antes da forma bsica (infinitivo sem
(As plantas absorvem carbono do ar.) to) do verbo principal. Na terceira pessoa do singular (he/
Aes habituais, repetidas, no presente: she/it), usa-se does em vez de do. Na linguagem coloquial,
do ou does (sem traduo nesse uso) geralmente so
Winter arrives in Antarctica in March. contrados com not, formando dont ou doesnt.
(O inverno chega Antrtida em maro.)
I go to school by bus. I dont go to school by subway.
(Eu vou para a escola de nibus. Eu no vou para a escola de
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She plays the piano. She doesnt play the guitar.
1. Complete as frases com uma das formas do (Ela toca piano. Ela no toca violo.)
Simple Present dos verbos do quadro. Lembre- Na forma interrogativa do Simple Present dos verbos
-se da flexo em -s, -es ou -ies quando o sujeito principais usa-se do (does na terceira pessoa do singular)
for da terceira pessoa do singular. no incio da pergunta, antes do sujeito, e o verbo principal
fica em sua forma bsica.
need study contain smile drink Do you go to school by bus? Does he go by subway?
(Voc vai escola de nibus? Ele vai de metr?)
a. People all over the world in the same language. smile
Do they play the piano? Does she play the guitar?
b. I at least five glasses of water every day. drink (Eles tocam piano? Ela toca violo?)
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Complete as frases negativas escolhendo dentre O advrbio que corresponde a good (bom) well (bem).
os verbos do quadro e usando dont ou doesnt, Alguns advrbios de modo mantm a mesma forma dos
antes de cada um, adequadamente. adjetivos:
1. We any more shootings or wars. We need more peace He is a fast driver. He drives fast.
and harmony. dont need (Ele um piloto veloz. Ele dirige velozmente.)
2. Some people how to react when times are difficult. hard: duro; duramente; muito
dont know
That is hard work. You work hard.
3. That philosopher says he any enemies and thats (Isso trabalho duro. Voc trabalha muito.)
true. doesnt have
Existe o advrbio hardly, que significa mal,
4. Emperor penguins in the Arctic. They live in
dificilmente, quase no.
Antarctica. dont live
He is not my friend. I hardly know him.
5. For about two months, the male emperor penguin .
doesnt eat (Ele no meu amigo. Eu mal o conheo.)
I was so tired I could hardly walk.
(Eu estava to cansado que mal podia andar.)
13. Advrbios de modo E existe a expresso hardly ever (quase nunca).
Os adjetivos qualificativos descrevem o substantivo e, We hardly ever go out in the evening these days.
em geral, vm antes dele: (Ns quase nunca samos noite atualmente.)
No caso dos adjetivos de uma nica slaba, o -y permanece: Existem outros adjetivos, tambm terminados em
-ly, que merecem ateno e cuidado, como lovely
shy shyly coy coyly sly slyly
(maravilhoso/a; belo/a; lindo/a).
Quando o adjetivo termina em -e, em geral essa letra
It was a lovely day. A lovely surprise. She has a lovely smile.
omitida antes do acrscimo de -ly:
(Foi um dia maravilhoso. Uma bela surpresa. Ela tem um
probable probably simple simply true truly sorriso lindo.)
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Para expressar modo, maneira, usamos a locuo in a Jane never takes a cold shower.
lovely way/manner. (Jane nunca toma banho frio.)
They treated us in a lovely way. Alm desse uso, o advrbio always pode aparecer com
(Eles nos trataram maravilhosamente.) o Present Progressive quando se quer expressar uma
crtica a respeito da frequncia com que a ao acontece.
O mesmo acontece com os adjetivos friendly
Compare:
(amistoso/a) e lively (vivo/a, animado/a). Para expressar
modo, maneira, usamos a locuo in a friendly way/ He always asks me for some money.
manner, in a lively way/manner. (Ele sempre me pede dinheiro.)
He is always asking me for money. Thats annoying.
Outra palavra terminada em -ly, mas que no
(Ele est sempre me pedindo dinheiro. Isso irritante.)
advrbio de modo, e sim um adjetivo, deadly (mortal).
As posies mais comuns dos advrbios de
Stroke is a potentially deadly disease.
frequncia so:
(O derrame cerebral uma doena potencialmente mortal.)
antes dos tempos simples dos verbos principais:
Para expressar modo, maneira, usamos o advrbio
fatally (fatalmente, mortalmente). We seldom visit our relatives in Curitiba.
(Ns raramente visitamos nossos parentes em Curitiba.)
Martin Luther King, Jr. was fatally shot in Memphis,
Tennessee in 1968. depois de am, are, is, was ou were:
(Martin Luther King., Jr. foi mortalmente atingido por uma I am always at your disposal.
bala em Memphis, Tennessee, em 1968.) (Eu estou sempre sua disposio.)
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3. With the Internet, we can reserve a seat at a movie 16. Verbo to have Simple Present
theater, without leaving home. (never) (always) (rarely)
Tense
4. A tree does not die. It dies, as it recycles its substance
for the benefit of all animal and plant life. (never) Afirmativa Negativa Interrogativa
(sometimes) (seldom)
I I do not I
5. I was very impressed by the beauty of the English have. Do have?
You You have. you
countryside. Never such a lovely landscape. (I had
He He he
seen) (had I seen) (I saw) does not
She has. She Does she have?
have.
It It it
15. Imperativo We We
do not
we
You have. You Do you have?
have.
O modo imperativo, usado para expressar ordens, They They they
instrues, sugestes ou pedidos, tem a mesma forma do Na linguagem informal, e principalmente em ingls
modo infinitivo do verbo, sem to: britnico, bastante comum o uso de formas com got
to come (sem traduo, neste caso). Compare:
Come here. You have a car. You dont have a bike. Do you have a boat?
(Venha c.) (EUA)
Youve got a car. You havent got a bike. Have you got a
Please come here. boat? (GB)
(Por favor, venha c.)
Alm do sentido de ter, possuir, have tambm
Come here, please. usado para expressar vrias aes, como:
(Venha c, por favor.)
Have breakfast, lunch, dinner, coffee, a pizza etc.
Para formar o imperativo negativo, usa-se do not (Tomar o caf da manh, almoar, jantar, tomar caf, comer
(dont, na linguagem informal): uma pizza etc.)
to sit down Have a bath; a shower (have a shower [GB] = take a shower
[EUA])
Dont sit down.
(Tomar banho [de imerso; de chuveiro])
(No se sente.)
Have a good time, a nice day
Please dont sit down. (Divertir-se, ter um dia agradvel)
(Por favor, no se sente.)
Outra forma (mais suave, polida) de apresentar Complete com have, has, dont have ou doesnt
sugestes sobre aes que incluem a pessoa que fala have.
usar lets + infinitivo do verbo sem to:
1. The type of banana that we eat no seeds. has
Lets walk. 2. Worldwide, more than one billion people access to
(Vamos caminhar.) the Internet. have
3. Brasilia any beaches. doesnt have
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4. According to some astronomers, our galaxy billions
of earths. has
Complete as frases escolhendo as formas de
imperativo do quadro. 5. An invertebrate a backbone. doesnt have
5. This road is dangerous. so fast! Dont drive a boy boys an apple some apples
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Quando usados no plural, com sentido genrico, esses Id like some information, please.
substantivos no so precedidos de artigo, nem indefinido (Gostaria de umas informaes, por favor.)
(a/an), nem definido (the):
My fathers advice is always good.
Are girls smarter than boys? (Os conselhos do meu pai so sempre bons.)
(Garotas [em geral] so mais inteligentes do que garotos?)
Are the girls in your class smarter than the boys? Sublinhe as alternativas entre parnteses que
(As garotas da sua classe so mais inteligentes do que os completam adequadamente cada frase.
garotos?) 1. The Internet is a worldwide medium for exchanging .
J os substantivos no contveis no tm forma (information and opinions) (libraries) (garbage)
plural, concordam sempre com verbos no singular. 2. As a boy, Alberto Santos-Dumont dreamed of
Quando expressam uma quantidade indefinida, podem ser conquering . (balloons) (novels) (the skies)
precedidos de some, mas no de a/an. 3. Albert Einstein said that imagination is more important
Esto nesse grupo os substantivos abstratos (courage, than . (knowledge) (know) (known)
patience, love, life, freedom etc.) e os concretos, que 4. some interesting news about the next Olympic
dizem respeito a substncias ou materiais, quando Games. (There is) (There are) (There were)
considerados em seu sentido geral (water, sugar, money,
5. For breakfast I always have . (a bread with a butter
paper, air, bread etc.) and an orange juice) (a slice of bread with cheese and
Bread is made from flour, water, and yeast. a glass of orange juice) (a bread with jam and a coffee
with milk)
(O po feito de farinha, gua e fermento.)
Mandela showed immense courage.
(Mandela mostrou uma coragem imensa.)
18. Substantivos formao do
Muitos substantivos no contveis referem-se a coisas plural
que, em portugus, podem ser contadas, referidas como
uma unidade. Veja como se expressa nmero, em ingls, 1. Em geral, acrescenta-se -s ao singular:
com esses substantivos, no quadro abaixo: * Dobra-se a consoante final
a word two words
antes do acrscimo de -es.
bread a loaf of bread (um po) a problem two problems ** H a exceo ox, que oxen.
money some money (algum dinheiro) 2. Acrescenta-se -es quando o substantivo termina em:
(um pedao de
paper a piece of paper s a bus two buses
papel)
ss a class two classes
a piece/word of
advice (um conselho) z* a quiz two quizzes
advice
a piece/bit of sh a dish two dishes
information (uma informao)
information ch a church two churches
(seus x** a box two boxes
knowledge your knowledge
conhecimentos) 3. Troca-se o y final por -ies quando ele for precedido
a piece of de consoante:
furniture (um mvel)
furniture
a city two cities
news a piece of news (uma notcia)
Quando o y for precedido de vogal, simplesmente
(uma pea
acrescenta-se -s:
a piece of musical/uma
music
music/a song msica, uma a day two days
cano)
4. Acrescenta-se -es a alguns substantivos terminados
a piece of em -o:
equipment (um equipamento)
equipment
a potato two potatoes
No se esquea de que os substantivos no contveis
no tm forma plural e concordam com verbos no singular. a tomato two tomatoes
a hero two heroes
There is some interesting news...
an echo some echoes
(H notcias interessantes...)
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A outros acrescenta-se apenas -s:
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photos kilos videos
pianos radios avocados Complete as frases com a forma plural dos
E existem outros em que as duas formas de plural so substantivos entre parnteses.
possveis: 1. are already a part of our , using their to do that
mosquitoes ou mosquitos are too boring for or . (Robot - life - ability - job -
volcanoes ou volcanos man - woman) Robots; lives; abilities; jobs; men; women
mangoes ou mangos 2. Mozart wrote more than 600 , including that
and continue to love after his death. (composition
Aos que terminam em oo acrescenta-se somente -s:
- symphony - adult - child - century) compositions;
zoos shampoos bamboos symphonies; adults; children; centuries
5. Existem dez substantivos bem comuns, terminados em 3. Mars and Earth have many and the idea of having
-f ou -fe, cujo plural feito com a troca dessas letras por -ves: on the red planet, born in science-fiction , is now
being considered by a number of . (similarity - colony
A life two lives - story - scientist) similarities; colonies; stories; scientists
A knife two knives 4. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse are making hot
A loaf two loaves hotter, and more violent and more frequent. (gas
- day - stom - drought) gases; days; storms; droughts
A thief two thieves
A half two halves 5. Those show that are good for you; they can help
prevent a number of , maybe thats why are so
A wife two wives happy all the time! (video - banana - Illness - monkey)
A leaf two leaves videos; bananas; illnesses; monkeys
A wolf two wolves
A shelf two shelves
19. Plural dos substantivos casos
A calf two calves
especiais
A grande maioria dos outros substantivos com essa
Alguns substantivos tm uma s forma para o singular
terminao sofre o simples acrscimo de -s:
e o plural:
A roof two roofs
A sheep two sheep
A belief some beliefs
A deer three deer
A chief two chiefs
A fish ten fish
A safe two safes
An aircraft two aircraft
A cliff two cliffs
A spacecraft some spacecraft
A proof two proofs
A series several series
Estes substantivos fazem o plural de duas formas: A means some means
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Alguns substantivos so sempre usados no singular, I need to buy some warm clothes.
concordando com verbo e pronomes no singular, mesmo (Preciso comprar [uma] roupa quente.)
quando o sentido plural. Esses substantivos no so
possivel dizer a cloth, mas isso significa um pano.
imediatamente precedidos do artigo indefinido a/an.
Assim, para dizer: I need a cloth to clean the table.
(Preciso de um pano para limpar a mesa.)
uma a piece of information
Quando se pretende falar de uma pea de vesturio
informao (nunca an information)
usa-se (formalmente) an article of clothing, ou fala-se
a piece/word of advice de forma indefinida em something to wear, ou ento
um conselho
(nunca an advice) especifica-se o tipo de roupa:
a piece of furniture A dress is an article of clothing. (formal)
um mvel
(nunca a furniture) (Um vestido uma pea de vesturio.)
Mary wants to buy something to wear. She is looking for a
a piece/bit of news
uma notcia blue dress.
(nunca a news)
(Mary quer comprar uma roupa. Ela est procurando um
um a piece of equipment vestido azul.)
equipamento (nunca an equipment)
Glasses
Can you give me some information/advice? My glasses are broken. I have to buy a new pair of glasses.
(Voc pode me dar umas informaes/uns conselhos?) (Meus culos esto quebrados. Tenho de comprar uns culos
Here is the news. I hope the news is good. novos.)
(Aqui esto as notcias. Espero que as notcias sejam boas.) Police e cattle concordam com verbo no plural.
That old bookcase is a beautiful piece of furniture.) Policeman/policewoman concordam, naturalmente, com
(Aquela velha estante um belo mvel.) verbo no singular.
A computer is a very useful piece of equipment. The police in that city are very efficient.
(Um computador um equipamento muito til.) (A polcia daquela cidade muito eficiente.)
That policewoman is a friend of mine.
Outros substantivos s so usados no plural, com (Aquela policial minha amiga.)
verbo e pronomes tambm no plural. Esses substantivos Cattle are raised for meat.
no so usados com o artigo a/an. Esse uso contrasta com (O gado criado para corte.)
o portugus e abrange algumas peas de vesturio, como
pants, trousers, jeans e pajamas*. * pajamas (EUA) =
pyjamas (GB)
Those pants/trousers/jeans/pajamas are old.
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(Aquela cala/aquele jeans/pijama est velha/o.)
1. Sublinhe o item que completa corretamente
Seria incorreto, portanto, dizer that trouser ou a jeans,
cada lacuna.
por exemplo.
a. There are 290,000 species of beetles on Earth, but
Quando se especifica a unidade, essas palavras so there is only one human . (specie kinds species)
usadas com a expresso a pair of. E, quando se fala de
b. The people happy because the news excellent. (is;
mais de uma cala, pijama etc., o plural feito na palavra
are are; is is; is)
pair. Assim:
c. I cant read without my glasses. Where ? (is it are
I want to buy a pair of pants/trousers/jeans/pajamas. they was it)
(Eu quero comprar uma cala/uma cala jeans/um pijama.)
d. I bought a T-shirt and jeans. (some pair of a pair of
She bought a pair/two pairs of pants. two pair of)
(Ela comprou uma cala/duas calas.)
e. The latest is that the police looking for him
Seria incorreto dizer a pant, two jeans, three pajamas, everywhere. (information; is - news; are - advice; was)
por exemplo.
Clothes
20. Dozen, hundred, thousand,
Clothes sempre plural e, em contraste com o million, billion, trillion
portugus, no tem forma singular.
John is wearing new clothes. Dozen, hundred, thousand, million, billion e trillion,
(John est de roupa nova/est usando roupa nova.) quando precedidos de um nmero definido, no variam no
plural:
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2. Acrescentando-se apenas um apstrofo ao
two dozen eggs (duas dzias de ovos)
substantivo/possuidor, quando ele estiver no plural e
three hundred cars (trs centenas de carros)
terminar em -s.
four thousand trees (quatro mil rvores)
five million stars (cinco milhes de estrelas) the girls school (a escola das garotas)
six billion people (seis bilhes de pessoas) the teachers room (a sala dos professores)
seven trillion dollars (sete trilhes de dlares) the Simpsons adventures (as aventuras dos Simpsons)
millions of people (milhes de pessoas) 4. H uma tendncia cada vez maior de se usar s com
os nomes de alguns seres inanimados, personalizando o
billions of stars (bilhes de estrelas)
substantivo/possuidor que tem sentido nobre. o caso dos
trillions of atoms (trilhes de tomos) correspondentes a mundo, Sol, mar, nomes de planetas,
pases, cidades etc.
5. That recipe calls for two eggs. (dozen dozens Acrescenta-se s apenas ao ltimo possuidor, no caso
dozens of) de haver dois possuidores de uma mesma coisa:
The oxens horns (os chifres dos bois) Yesterdays news. (As notcias de ontem)
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Pode-se deixar de expressar o substantivo/a coisa
possuda quando, pelo contexto, ele for bvio. Isso muito climate change (mudana climtica)
comum com o nome de marcas ou estabelecimentos research center (centro de pesquisa)
comerciais: soccer game (jogo de futebol)
She bought those clothes at Lucys. O primeiro desses substantivos (modificador) qualifica
(Ela comprou aquela roupa na [loja] Lucys.) o segundo (ncleo), informando de que tipo se trata.
We live in a mans world, but apparently we dont live in a Para entender claramente a expresso, importante
boys. lembrar que o principal substantivo (o ncleo) o que
(Ns vivemos num mundo dos homens, mas aparentemente aparece por ltimo, sendo por ele que devemos iniciar a
no num [mundo] dos garotos.) traduo. O substantivo que aparece primeiro funciona
Cuidado para no confundir as vrias possibilidades de como se fosse um adjetivo, qualificando aquele que o
sentido de s: mais importante na expresso. H expresses em que as
duas palavras podem aparecer em posies diferentes e
1. Caso possessivo:
expressando sentidos diferentes.
Marys hair is too long.
Compare:
(O cabelo da Mary est comprido demais.)
A horse race uma corrida de cavalos. [um tipo de corrida]
2. Forma contrata de is:
A race horse um cavalo de corridas. [um tipo de cavalo]
Shes washing it now.
Ou ento:
(Ela o est lavando agora.)
A flower garden (um jardim com flores).*
3. Forma contrata de has:
A garden flower (uma flor de jardim).
Shes got beautiful hair. * Pode parecer redundncia falarmos de um
jardim com flores, mas, alm de flower garden,
(Ela tem cabelo bonito.) h tambm vegetable garden (horta), expresso
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4. Forma contrata de us:
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23. Question Words: what, which, How many people died in that accident?
(Quantas pessoas morreram naquele acidente?)
who, whom, whose, when, where,
why, how, how often, how much, Perguntas sobre o objeto
how many, what time
Who(m) did Jorge Amado write about?
What? O qu? Which? Qual? (Sobre quem Jorge Amado escreveu?)
Afirmao: The President lives in the Alvorada Palace. A rigor, whom o pronome a ser usado quando
perguntamos sobre pessoas, no caso do objeto, mas isso
Pergunta: Who lives in the Alvorada Palace?
s acontece na linguagem formal. Informalmente, usa-se
Resposta: The President lives in the Alvorada Palace.
who em lugar de whom, mas, quando o interrogativo
precedido de preposio, usa-se whom:
Perguntas sobre o sujeito To whom did you give the book?
(A/Para quem voc deu o livro?)
Who e what so os interrogativos mais comuns nas
Which came first, the chicken or the egg? How much sugar do you take in your coffee?
(Qual veio primeiro, a galinha ou o ovo?) (Quanto acar voc pe no seu caf?)
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24. Adjetivos e advrbios Brazilians are one of the friendliest peoples in the world.
comparativo e superlativo de (Os brasileiros so um dos povos mais amistosos do mundo.)
[Mais comum do que the most friendly]
superioridade
People are happier in times of peace.
(As pessoas so mais felizes em tempos de paz.)
Adjetivos e advrbios curtos, de uma [Mais comum do que more happy]
slaba
Mas, por razes de estilo, a forma com more pode
aparecer em uma frase como esta:
Os adjetivos e advrbios curtos, de uma s slaba,
fazem o comparativo de superioridade com o acrscimo de People prefer to live in a more happy and peaceful environment.
-er, e o superlativo com o acrscimo de -est: (As pessoas preferem viver em um ambiente mais feliz e
pacfico.)
long longer longest
Existem outros adjetivos e advrbios dissilbicos bem
old older oldest
comuns que tambm aceitam as duas formas:
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Living in the country is quieter than in a big city. Uso dos graus dos adjetivos e advrbios
(A vida no campo mais sossegada do que em uma
cidade grande.) Comparativo de superioridade
[mais comum do que more quiet]
Usa-se -er ou more nas comparaes que expressam
Em contrapartida, em alguns desses dissilbicos a superioridade de uma pessoa, lugar ou coisa em relao a
forma com more e most uma tendncia atual. Isso outra:
acontece, por exemplo, com os dissilbicos mais longos,
The Amazon River is longer than the So Francisco.
como pleasant e handsome. (O rio Amazonas mais comprido do que o So Francisco.)
Living in the country is also more pleasant than in a big city, Superlativo de superioridade
so I think.
(A vida no campo tambm mais agradvel do que em uma Usa-se -est ou most para destacar uma pessoa, lugar
ou coisa em relao a todas as outras:
cidade grande, penso eu.)
[mais comum do que pleasanter] The Amazon is one of the longest rivers in the world.
(O Amazonas um dos rios mais compridos do mundo.)
Most women would agree that George Clooney is one of the
most handsome men in the world. Comparativo e superlativo de inferioridade
(A maioria das mulheres concordaria que George Clooney
O comparativo de inferioridade (less ... than: menos ... do
um dos homens mais bonitos do mundo.) que) e o superlativo de inferioridade (the least ...: o menos ...)
[mais comum do que handsomest] so formados com adjetivos curtos ou longos, mas so pouco
usados, sendo geralmente substitudos assim:
Notas ortogrficas
The So Francisco is less long than the Amazon.
[pouco comum]
Quando o adjetivo ou advrbio terminar em -e,
(O So Francisco menos comprido que o Amazonas.)
acrescenta-se apenas -r ou -st.
The So Francisco is not as long as the Amazon.
wide wider widest [mais comum]
late later latest (O So Francisco no to comprido quanto o Amazonas.)
Quando o adjetivo ou advrbio monossilbico terminar The Amazon is longer than the So Francisco. [mais comum]
em -y precedido de consoante, troca-se o y por i, antes do (O Amazonas mais comprido que o So Francisco.)
-er ou -est, como acontece com os dissilbicos: Casos especiais
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MINITEST stop stopping
put putting
Complete as frases com a alternativa entre swim swimming
parnteses, adequadamente.
1. Its the same old story. I start a new diet but a few Os verbos de duas ou mais slabas tambm terminados
months I am than I was before. (later; fatter) em consoante-vogal-consoante tm a consoante final
(latest; fattest) (sooner; thinner) dobrada quando a slaba tnica for a ltima:
2. Bananas are than apples and too. (most healthful;
cheapest) (more healthful; cheaper) (healthier; begin beginning
inexpensive) omit omitting
3. Funny World is one of the places for kids of all ages. refer referring
(more attractive) (most attractive) (less attractive) prefer preferring
4. Santos-Dumont was the son of a Brazilian occur occurring
millionaire. (youngest) (older) (younger) permit permitting
5. Antarctic winter months are among the in the world.
(cold) (colder) (coldest)
Usos do Present Progressive
25. Tempos verbais: Present 1. Para expressar uma ao que est acontecendo no
I am writing now.
O Present Progressive um tempo verbal composto
(Eu estou escrevendo agora.)
de am/are/is + forma de final -ing do verbo principal.
Os verbos de uma nica slaba cujas trs ltimas letras (Eu no estou gostando desta situao.)
forem, por ordem, consoante-vogal-consoante, dobram a What do you want?
consoante final antes do acrscimo de -ing:
(O que voc est querendo?)
run running
Esses verbos sero estudados no tpico 26, a seguir.
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Alguns verbos podem expressar um estado, condio
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ou situao permanente (no sendo ento usados em
tempos progressivos), mas tambm podem aparecer
Complete as frases com o Present Progressive
em frases que denotam uma ao temporria e, nesse
dos verbos entre parnteses.
caso, so usados nos tempos progressivos. Observe essa
1. Global warming now. (to happen) is happening diferena nos exemplos abaixo.
2. Temperatures , sea levels , sea ice . (to increase; to
rise; to melt) are increasing; are rising; is melting State (Non- Action
progressive) (Progressive)
3. Americans have a luxurious lifestyle, but it them. (to kill)
is killing achar, ter certa opinio
4. Some scientists the possibility of colonising Mars. (to (= think) sentir-se
feel
consider) are considering I feel your decision is That girl is feeling sick.
5. I on the computer now, as I do every day. (to work) wrong.
am working 1 estar tendo; 2 comer,
beber
26. Os Stative Verbs ter, possuir Im having trouble with
have They have a lot of the car.
Os stative verbs, tambm chamados non-progressive money. We are having
verbs, so verbos que expressam no uma ao temporria, breakfast now. Call me
mas um estado, condio ou situao permanente. Em geral, later, please.
esses verbos no so usados nos tempos progressivos ou entender o que algum
contnuos. Know e understand so dois dos mais comuns. ouvir
diz
hear I cant hear a word hes
Para dizer, por exemplo, Eu estou sabendo, usamos a forma Youre not hearing me. I
saying.
simples de know: I know. Para dizer No estou entendendo, said No!
usamos a forma simples: I dont understand. estar amando,
amar, ter amor por
Entre os stative verbs mais comuns, nunca usados nas love achando timo
She loves children.
formas progressivas, esto: Im loving this book.
1 encontrar com, estar
know: saber; conhecer 1 ver 2 entender
com 2 ter consulta com
I see my mother every
I know the answer to that problem. Im seeing my girlfriend
see day.
tonight.
prefer: preferir Now I see what you
Jane is seeing the
mean.
Mary prefers jazz to pop music. dentist tomorrow.
seem: parecer cheirar, experimentar o
cheirar, ter cheiro cheiro de
That movie seems to be excellent. smell This cheese smells Im smelling the cheese
understand: entender, compreender bad/awful. and I think we should
not eat it.
I dont understand a word she says.
provar, experimentar o
ter gosto ou sabor de
Outros geralmente no so usados nas formas gosto ou sabor de
This pineapple tastes
progressivas: taste Im tasting the best
good/sweet/delicious/
pineapple in the world.
agree: concordar like sugar.
Delicious!
I dont agree with what youre saying. achar, ter certa opinio pensar, meditar
like: gostar (de) think (= feel) What are you thinking
I think youre wrong. about?
I dont like this situation.
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4. Eu estou preferindo parar agora. I prefer to stop now. Quando o verbo terminar em -y precedido de
consoante, troca-se o y por i e acrescenta-se -ed:
5. Este emprego est parecendo muito bom.
This job seems (to be) very good. To classify classified
6. Ele est tendo problema com o computador.
He is having trouble with the computer.
7. Eu acho que ela est certa. I think/I feel shes right. Quando o verbo regular for monossilbico e suas
ltimas letras forem consoante-vogal-consoante, dobra-se
8. Eles esto precisando de ajuda. They need help.
a consoante final e acrescenta-se -ed.
9. O que ele est querendo? What does he want?
To stop stopped
10. Ela est pensando em voc. Shes thinking about you.
O mesmo acontece com verbos de mais de uma slaba,
desde que a ltima seja a slaba tnica:
27. Tempos verbais Simple Past
to prefer preferred to occur occurred
verbos regulares
to permit permitted to refer referred
A maioria dos verbos em ingls faz o passado e o
particpio passado de forma regular, pelo acrscimo de -ed
sua forma bsica:
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to work worked worked
to wash washed washed
Complete as frases com o Simple Past dos
verbos entre parnteses.
to call called called
1. Oscar Niemeyer hard all his life, and died at age 104.
Esta forma nica para todas as pessoas: no varia (to work) worked
na terceira pessoa do singular:
2. Aesop was a Greek writer who in the sixth century
I/ you/ he/ she/ B.C. He the author of several traditional stories about
worked, washed, called
it/ we/ you/ they animals, called fables. (to live to be) lived; was
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O particpio passado necessrio para a formao dos 2. The Indian a stick and an immense ring around
tempos perfeitos (Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future both circles: This is where the white man and the
Perfect etc.) e tambm da voz passiva, assuntos que red man know nothing. (takes draws) (taking
sero tratados mais adiante. Essas formas de particpio drawing) (took drew)
passado dos verbos irregulares devem ser memorizadas
junto com as do passado. Nos dois tpicos a seguir, so
3. George Bernard Shaw Major Barbara, Pygmalion
apresentadas listas com os principais verbos irregulares, and many other famous plays. (writes writing
em ordem alfabtica e tambm por grupos de formas wrote is writing)
semelhantes, o que facilita a memorizao. 4. The lion that those oxen too smart and away.
(realize are go) (realized were went) (realizes
is goes)
MINITEST
5. In 1626, the Dutch the island of Manhattan for $24 in
Complete as frases com o tempo verbal goods! (bought buy buys buying)
adequado dos verbos entre parnteses. 6. They the Indians in ornaments, bright cloth and
1. The white man a small circle in the sand and the blankets, knives and axes. This is how New Amsterdam
red man, This is what the Indian knows. (drawing . (pay; begin) (pays; begins) (paid; began) (paying;
telling) (draw tell) (drew told) beginning)
burn burned/burnt
1
burned/burnt 1
queimar
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Presente Passado Particpio passado Traduo
dig dug dug cavar; escavar
go went gone ir
leap leaped/leapt 5
leaped/leapt 5
saltar, pular
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Presente Passado Particpio passado Traduo
leave left left deixar; sair (de)
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Presente Passado Particpio passado Traduo
spin spun spun girar
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Presente Passado Particpio passado Traduo
fight fought fought lutar; combater
think thought thought pensar
seek sought sought buscar; procurar
catch caught caught pegar; agarrar
teach taught taught ensinar
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Presente Passado Particpio passado Traduo
sweep swept swept varrer
weep wept wept chorar
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31. Tempos verbais: Simple Past 3. Present Progressive: am/are/is + forma de final -ing
do verbo principal:
formas negativa e interrogativa
Were going to Salvador on vacation in May.
A forma interrogativa dos verbos (regulares ou (Ns vamos de frias a Salvador em maio.)
irregulares) no passado feita com a colocao de did
(passado do verbo auxiliar do) no incio da pergunta para Formao do futuro com will
todas as pessoas, ficando o verbo principal na forma
bsica. Usa-se a mesma forma will (ou a forma contrata ll)
para todas as pessoas. Com I e we possvel substituir
Exemplo com verbo regular (to work):
will por shall (que tambm tem a forma contrata ll), mas
Did I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they work yesterday? esse uso prprio da linguagem formal. Compare:
Exemplo com verbo irregular (to go): We will go to the party tomorrow.
(Ns iremos festa amanh.)
Did I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they go there yesterday?
Well have a lot of fun, Im sure. [estilo informal]
A forma negativa feita com o auxlio de did + not
(Ns nos divertiremos muito, tenho certeza.)
(didnt na forma contrata), antes do verbo (regular ou
irregular), para todas as pessoas: We shall overcome someday. [estilo potico ou formal]
(Venceremos um dia.)
I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they did not/didnt work yesterday.
Para obter a forma negativa, basta acrescentar not
I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they did not/didnt go there
depois de will/shall:
yesterday.
I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they will not/wont go to school
tomorrow.
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Para obter a forma interrogativa, coloca-se will/shall
Escolha a forma correta entre parnteses para no incio da pergunta:
completar cada frase. Will I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they see that tomorrow?
1. Mozart composed symphonies at age nine, but he
anyone how to compose them. (asked) (didnt ask) Uso das formas do futuro
(doesnt ask)
Will indica uma ao, um acontecimento ou uma
2. After Santos-Dumont was 18, he to Paris, where he his
previso quanto ao futuro:
name. (went; made) (goes; asked) (didnt go; didnt make)
3. Santos-Dumont balloons and dirigible airships and The future will bring wonderful things.
he a prize in 1901 for circling the Eiffel Tower. (didnt (O futuro trar coisas maravilhosas.)
fly; didnt win) (flies; wins) (flew; won) Who will win the next World Cup?
4. NASA a robotic spacecraft, called Phoenix, on a space (Quem ganhar a prxima Copa do Mundo?)
mission to Mars in 2008. (sends) (sent) (didnt send)
Will tambm usado para fazer pedidos, na forma
5. NASA send another robotic spacecraft to Mars in interrogativa, com you:
2012? (Do) (Did) (Does)
Will you marry me?
(Voc quer casar comigo?)
32. O futuro: will/shall, going to e Shall usado em perguntas, com I ou we, quando se
Present Progressive pedem instrues ou ento se oferece, sugere ou convida:
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Were going to buy a new car next month. [essa a nossa Tm forma nica para todas as pessoas.
inteno]
I/ you/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they can/must etc.
(Ns vamos comprar um carro novo no ms que vem.)
Forma negativa: usa-se not aps o verbo.
She is going to have a baby in June. [ela est esperando
beb para essa poca] I cannot, you must not, he will not etc.
(Ela vai ter um beb em junho.)
Forma interrogativa: o verbo vai para o incio da
Look! Its going to rain. [temos certeza disso; s olhar as pergunta, dispensando o uso de do/does/did.
nuvens pretas]
Can you...? Must I...? Will he...?
(Olhe! Vai chover.)
So usados com outros verbos sempre no infinitivo
O Present Progressive usado, em linguagem
sem to. O nico modal auxiliary verb seguido de infinitivo
informal, para indicar planos ou compromissos acertados
com to ought.
em relao a um futuro prximo:
Marta can speak English.
What are you doing this weekend? (Marta sabe falar ingls.)
(O que vocs vo fazer este fim de semana?)
She ought to study Spanish too.
Were having a barbecue in the park. (Ela devia estudar espanhol tambm.)
(Vamos fazer um churrasco no parque.)
So verbos defectivos, sem infinitivo, sem particpio
passado, sem forma em -ing e sem futuro. Nesses casos,
MINITEST so substitudos por verbos ou locues verbais com o
mesmo sentido. Assim, para dizer, por exemplo:
Escolha a alternativa correta entre parnteses,
Poder, ser capaz de: to be able to (como infinitivo de can)
para expressar uma ao futura. Eu tive de: I had to (como passado de must)
1. Many thanks, my friend. your advice. (Im going to Ele poder, ter permisso de: he will be allowed to (como
follow) (I follow) (I followed) a 30-minute walk every futuro de may)
day, a brisk walk in the morning, as of tomorrow. (Im
Quase todos os modal auxiliary verbs expressam
going to take) (I take) (I took)
mais de um sentido, exigindo estudo em separado, o que
2. Within a few more years machines that surpass faremos nos tpicos a seguir.
human intelligence. (were building) (we build) (we
will build) cyborgs, androids, a future we cant even
imagine. (Were seeing) (We see) (Well see) MINITEST
3. let me use your laptop for a moment, please? Ive got
to send an urgent email. (Shall we) (Will you) (Shall I) Sublinhe o verbo que completa adequadamente
4. Portia knows theres a deep hole in the sidewalk. fall cada lacuna.
again? (Shell) (Will she) (She wont) 1. But Charlie, I never knew you sing so beautifully,
5. Stephen Hawking is sure mankind colonies in space. someone exclaimed. (will could should may)
(is having) (will have) (has) 2. I sing at all, Chaplin answered. I was only
imitating Caruso. (can cant will must)
3. you live without the Internet? (Can Does Have Are)
33. Verbos auxiliares: Modal
Auxiliary Verbs 4. We to be able to distinguish between what is garbage and
what is reliable information. (wont have cant must)
Alm dos verbos auxiliares be, have e do, usados na 5. You to eat more foods that grow on trees and plants
formao dos tempos progressivos, perfeitos, voz passiva, and eat less food that is made in industrial plants.
negaes e interrogaes, existe o grupo dos modal (should - must - ought - would)
auxiliary verbs, ou modal verbs.
Os modal verbs (can, will, shall, may, must, 34. Modal Auxiliary Verbs: can,
could, would, should, might e ought) so verbos de
caractersticas especiais usados junto a um verbo principal
could
para indicar possibilidade, capacidade, obrigao,
Em portugus, o significado bsico desses verbos
necessidade, conselho etc.
poder ou saber. Assim, para indicar capacidade,
Veja a seguir algumas caractersticas comuns aos possibilidade, habilidade (natural ou aprendida) e
modal auxiliary verbs: permisso, usamos:
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can (presente); could (passado; condicional) Capacidade posta em prtica, numa certa ocasio do
passado:
I cannot lift that box.
(Eu no posso levantar aquela caixa.) Once he was able to/managed to write a symphony in two days.
(Certa vez ele pde/conseguiu compor uma sinfonia em
Birds can fly.
dois dias.)
(Os pssaros sabem voar.)
A impossibilidade do uso de could s para frases
She can dance the samba.
afirmativas. Em perguntas ou nas negaes, para
(Ela sabe danar samba.)
expressar que a pessoa no pde, no conseguiu fazer
Pel could play soccer very well. algo naquela determinada ocasio, normalmente usa-se
(Pel sabia jogar futebol muito bem.) could/couldnt.
The ancient Romans could build good roads and bridges. Veja mais um exemplo:
(Os antigos romanos sabiam construir boas estradas e
It was Carnival in Rio and all the hotels were full. We couldnt
pontes.)
find a room.
Mary could help you if she wanted to. (Era Carnaval no Rio e todos os hotis estavam lotados. Ns
(Mary poderia ajud-lo, se ela quisesse.) no conseguimos encontrar um quarto.)
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Bill is a good man. He may lend you the money. 36. Modal Auxiliary Verbs: will,
(Bill um bom homem. Pode ser que ele te empreste o
shall, would
dinheiro.)
May I sit down? (Posso me sentar?) Will/Would you come here, please?
Yes, you may. No, you may not.* (Sim, pode. No, no (Voc quer/poderia vir aqui, por favor?)
pode.) * A forma contrata maynt antiquada.
Shall I help you with the bags?
Comum, informal: (Posso ajud-lo com a bagagem?)
Para expressar possibilidade no passado, usa-se may/ John: I will go to the party!
might + have + particpio passado do verbo principal. (John: Eu irei festa.)
She may/might have written to me, but I didnt get any letter. John said that he would go to the party.
(John disse que iria festa.)
(Ela pode ter escrito para mim, mas eu no recebi carta
alguma.) Would tambm usado em frases condicionais
hipotticas, indicando o que aconteceria se certa condio
fosse real, se existisse de fato.
MINITEST
We would go to the party if we had a car.
(Ns iramos festa se tivssemos um carro.)
Escolha a alternativa correta para completar
cada frase. Would tem ainda outro uso, de sentido bem diferente,
indicando uma ao ou estado habitual no passado. Esse
1. When I go on a diet, I lose a little weight at first, I uso, prprio do estilo narrativo, corresponde ao pretrito
even lose a few pounds in the first weeks, but then I see
imperfeito, em portugus.
a bag of potato chips or a vanilla ice cream, and I just
resist temptation. (may; might; cant) (will; would; My grandmother used to tell us stories every evening. She
mustnt) (can; could; might) would tell us to sit down around her. She would open an old
book and she would tell us to be quiet.
2. Your goal be to make your body burn up its precious
(Minha av costumava nos contar histrias todas as noites.
reserves of fat, but you do that little by little. (ought;
Ela nos mandava sentar sua volta. Ela abria um velho livro
can) (should; have to) (could; would)
e nos mandava ficar quietos.)
3. You eat to live. You live to eat. (mustnt; must)
(have to; have to) (must; mustnt)
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4. You buy and sell anything using the Internet,
without leaving home. (cant) (ought) (can)
Sublinhe os modal auxiliary verbs que
5. Many wonderful things happen in the future, like substituem os
colonies on Mars. We even go beyond our Solar
System, some scientists say. (will; ought) (may; might)
1. I go to the beach tomorrow. (will would wouldnt)
(would; shall) 2. you like a cup of coffee? (Will Shall Would)
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3. Jack said that he lend me his car. (will would shall) Ausncia de necessidade:
4. Where we go? What do you suggest? (will shall You dont have to rent a car. Ill lend you mine.
would) (Voc no tem de/precisa alugar um carro. Eu te empresto o
5. We used to go to the park on Sundays. We go there meu.)
every Sunday morning. (will shall would) Must tambm usado para expressar uma concluso
lgica, uma deduo, algo que deve ser verdade, em face
das evidncias:
37. Modal Auxiliary Verbs: should,
My sister is a basketball player.
ought, must
She must be very tall. Or you must be a big liar.
Em portugus, o sentido bsico desses verbos ( Minha irm jogadora de basquete.
corresponde a dever, mas cada um deles tem usos prprios. Ela deve ser muito alta. Ou voc deve ser um grande
mentiroso.)
Should e ought (este ltimo sempre seguido de to)
so usados para expressar obrigao moral, conselho, O sentido contrrio ao de must, neste caso, dado por
recomendao, dever. cant:
Janet looks sick. She should/ought to see a doctor. She cant be short.
(Janet parece doente. Ela deve/devia/deveria procurar um (Ela no pode ser baixa.)
mdico.)
Must usado para expressar necessidade, obrigao Sublinhe os modal auxiliary verbs que
forte, ordem. Para esses sentidos, tambm possvel usar completam as frases adequadamente.
have/has to (ter de), mas este ltimo no um verbo
1. Jodie can speak several foreign languages. She be
modal.
clever. (shouldnt ought must)
We must/have to eat to live.
2. You repeat the question. Its very clear now. (dont
(Ns devemos/temos de comer para viver.) have to must mustnt)
I must/have to lose weight. Im too fat. 3. Sunlight can be dangerous, so those people to be
(Eu devo/tenho de perder peso. Estou muito gordo.) careful. (ought should must)
Compare os Modal Auxiliary Verbs em destaque 4. She knows everything about biotechnology. She be
nestas frases: wrong. (must cant mustnt)
Uma ordem: 5. Thats poison. The kids play with it. (dont have to
mustnt should)
The doctor: You must stop smoking immediately.
(O mdico: Voc deve/tem de parar de fumar
imediatamente.) 38. Formas verbais: -ing depois de
Um conselho: preposies e de certas conjunes
A friend: You should stop smoking. Cigarettes are bad for you.
Em contraste com o que acontece em portugus, os
(Um amigo: Voc devia/deveria parar de fumar. Cigarros
verbos depois de preposio (for, of, by, with, without
fazem mal a voc.)
etc.) no so usados no infinitivo, mas no gerndio:
Para expressar necessidade ou obrigao em relao
You should not expose yourself to the suns rays without
ao passado, em vez de must usa-se had to para todas as
using some sunscreen.
pessoas.
(Voc no deve se expor aos raios do sol sem usar filtro
I/We had to work late yesterday. solar.)
(Eu tive de/Ns tivemos de trabalhar at tarde ontem.)
O mesmo acontece com verbos usados depois de
As formas negativas must not (mustnt, na forma certas conjunes, como when, before, after, while etc.
contrata) e do not (dont)/does not (doesnt) have to
The elderly man fell down while getting off the bus.
tm sentidos claramente diferentes:
(O idoso caiu quando descia/ao descer do nibus.)
Proibio:
Quando usada depois da preposio by (sem traduo,
You mustnt talk loud in a library. neste caso), a forma verbal terminada em -ing expressa a
(Voc no deve/pode falar alto em uma biblioteca.) maneira como a ao praticada:
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The gases trap heat by forming a blanket around the Earth
MINITEST
like the glass of a greenhouse.
(Os gases prendem o calor formando um cobertor em volta
Complete as frases com os verbos nos tempos
da Terra como o vidro de uma estufa.)
indicados entre parnteses.
1. Researchers with human embryos in the near future.
MINITEST (to work Future Progressive) will be working
2. Mankind for a fraction of time in the history of the
Complete as frases com os verbos adequados,
universe. (to exist Present Perfect) has existed
escolhendo-os do quadro.
3. Our knowledge of the universe constantly (to
expand Present Progressive) is; expanding
spending reading taking leaving becoming
4. Astronomer Edwin Hubble discovered that galaxies
1. You should not go to the beach without a beach away from each other. (to move Present Progressive)
umbrella. taking are moving
5. In the last hundred years, we spectacular advances in
2. Instead of all your money on silly things, you should our understanding of the Universe. (to make Present
try to save some of it. spending Perfect) have made
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admit: admitir keep (on): continuar
2. I must remember those bills. Please remind me to
pay them, OK? (to pay paying)
avoid: evitar mind: importar-se
3. is my uncles favorite hobby. (To fish Fishing)
consider: estudar a
propose: propor 4. I tried you yesterday but I couldnt. The line was
possibilidade de
always busy. (to call calling)
deny: negar risk: arriscar(-se) 5. Honey, dont forget some fruit before home. (to
suggest: sugerir dislike: no gostar buy; coming to come; buying)
enjoy: gostar finish: terminar 6. Kids enjoy video games. (to play playing)
Ao lado destes outros, o verbo seguinte pode ser usado 8. If you think that pineapple is not sweet enough, try a
little sugar. (to add adding)
no gerndio ou no infinitivo, com o mesmo sentido:
9. They want a new car before the old one. (to buy;
like: gostar (de) selling buying; to sell)
begin: comear
love: amar 10. I remember that girl at the party, but I cant
continue: continuar
prefer: preferir remember her name. (to see seeing)
hate: odiar
start: comear; dar a
intend: pretender
partida
41. False Friends, from A to Z
H ainda outros verbos que podem ser seguidos de
abuse: 1. insultar, ofender; 2. abusar (de); 3. maltratar;
gerndio ou de infinitivo, mas com sentidos diferentes.
tratar com violncia
Compare:
accent: 1. sotaque; 2. acento (tnico/grfico); 3. nfase,
stop + gerndio parar de, deixar de realce assento (lugar para sentar): seat; base: base;
traseiro, ndegas: bottom, behind, backside, buttocks
stop + infinitivo parar para, com a finalidade de
actual: verdadeiro, real atual: present
remember + lembrar-se de (algo que j addiction: dependncia, vcio adio, soma, acrscimo:
gerndio passou) addition
remember + lembrar-se de (algo que ainda advice: conselho(s) aviso (por escrito): notice; (oral):
infinitivo vir) announcement; advertncia: warning
esquecer-se de (algo que ainda amass: acumular (dinheiro, informaes etc.) amassar
forget + infinitivo
vir) (o carro pouco): dent; (o carro muito): wreck; (a
roupa): crease; (o po): knead
1. I still remember her for the first time. How could I appointment: 1. nomeao, escolha; 2. compromisso (com
ever forget that? (to kiss kissing) hora marcada); consulta mdica apontamento: note
220 Minigrammar
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apt: 1. habilidoso, inteligente; 2. propenso, com tendncia expert: perito, especialista esperto: smart, clever
a apto: able; qualified, fit
exquisite: 1. belo; perfeito; 2. requintado; delicado
argue: discutir, brigar verbalmente arguir: question esquisito: odd, strange
argument: 1. discusso, briga (verbal); 2. argumento, fabric: tecido, fazenda, pano fbrica: factory, plant
ponto de vista argumento (de filme): plot
formidable: impressionante, respeitvel, assustador
arrest: prender, deter arrastar: drag formidvel, fantstico: fantastic, awesome
assume: 1. supor, presumir; 2. assumir genial: 1. (pessoa) jovial, cordial, bem-disposta; 2. (tempo,
clima) ameno genial: brilliant
attend: 1. assistir, estar presente a, frequentar; 2. atender,
cuidar de atender (o telefone, a porta): answer hazard: risco, perigo azar: bad luck
beef: carne bovina bife: steak, beefsteak influenza (abreviatura: flu): gripe influncia: influence
candid: franco, sincero, direto cndido: pure, innocent ingenious: engenhoso, criativo, inventivo ingnuo:
nave, ingenuous
cigar: charuto cigarro: cigarette
ingenuity: engenhosidade, criatividade, inventiva
collar: 1. colarinho; 2. coleira colar (substantivo): ingenuidade: navety, navet
necklace; passar cola em (verbo): paste, glue; copiar na
escola (verbo): crib inhabit: habitar habit existe como substantivo (hbito),
mas no como verbo (habitar) ilha inabitada: desert
college: faculdade colgio: high school island, uninhabited island
comprehensive: completo, abrangente, no resumido injure: machucar, ferir injuriar, insultar: insult
compreensivo: understanding
injury: ferimento, leso injria, insulto: insult
compromise: acordo (com concesses mtuas)
compromisso, obrigao assumida: commitment; intend: pretender, tencionar entender: understand
compromisso com hora marcada: appointment
interest: 1. interesse 2. juros
costume: roupa especial, como clown costume: roupa
lamp: luminria lmpada eltrica: light bulb
de palhao; witch costume: fantasia de bruxa;
national costume: traje nacional costumes, hbitos large: grande largo: wide; broad
(coletivos): customs; costumes, hbitos (individuais):
habits lecture: conferncia, palestra leitura: reading
epidemic (substantivo e adjetivo): epidemia o miserable: 1. muito infeliz; muito triste; 2. horrvel, muito
substantivo epidemy no existe desagradvel miservel, avaro, mesquinho: stingy,
mean, cheap; Seu miservel!: You bastard!
eventually: por fim, finalmente eventualmente:
accidentally, occasionally misery: 1. extrema infelicidade; grande sofrimento; 2. misria,
extrema pobreza misria, avareza: stinginess, meanness
excite: 1. animar, entusiasmar, empolgar; 2. excitar
notice (substantivo): 1. ateno, observao; 2. aviso
exit: sada xito: success (por escrito) notcia: news
Minigrammar 221
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notice (verbo): notar, perceber noticiar: report, inform support: 1. (peso) suportar, sustentar; 2. sustentar
(financeiramente); 3. apoiar (uma pessoa); 4. torcer
novel: romance novela: soap (opera) (por um time) suportar, aguentar, tolerar: stand,
operator: 1. telefonista; 2. operador bear, put up with
ordinary: comum ordinrio, grosseiro: vulgar, coarse sympathetic: compreensivo, solidrio simptico:
pleasant, nice, likable
ore: minrio ouro: gold
sympathies: psames, condolncias
parents: pais parentes: relatives
sympathize: estar do mesmo lado que, solidarizar-se; ter
particular: 1. determinado, especfico; 2. exigente; pena de (algum) simpatizar: like
meticuloso particular: private; personal
sympathy: pena, compaixo; apoio moral, solidariedade
petrol: (GB) gasolina (= gas ou gasoline, nos EUA) simpatia: liking
petrleo: oil, petroleum
temper: temperamento; controle emocional tempero:
physician: mdico fsico: physicist seasoning
plant: 1. planta (botnica); 2. usina, fbrica planta tenant: inquilino tenente: lieutenant
(arquitetura): plan
terrific: 1. maravilhoso, muito legal; 2. tremendo,
policy: poltica, linha de ao, norma de conduta poderoso; 3. terrvel, assustador
polcia: police; poltica (cincia): politics
tutor: professor(a) particular tutor(a) (responsvel por
prejudice: preconceito prejuzo: harm; damage menor): guardian
(financeiro): loss
ultimately: em ltima anlise ultimamente: lately, recently
presently: 1. logo, daqui a pouco; 2. (EUA) presentemente
resume: recomear, retomar resumir: summarize, sum up 3. That library has a large collection of rare books.
scholar: erudito, letrado, estudioso escolar: (adjetivo) Aquela tem uma coleo de livros raros. biblioteca; grande
school; (substantivo) schoolboy/schoolgirl
4. He is not strong enough to push that truck.
sensible: 1. sensato, ajuizado; 2. sensvel, perceptvel
sensvel, delicado, melindroso: sensitive Ele no forte o suficiente para aquele caminho. empurrar
222 Minigrammar
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Ela no nos ouvir, mas ela ouviu. fingiu; na Orgulho e um grande de autoria de Jane Austen.
verdade Preconceito; romance
22. In his latest novel, the author gives us a
8. Einstein was not a physician. He was a physicist. comprehensive description of the hazards caused by
nuclear plants.
Einstein no era . Ele era fsico. mdico
Em seu ltimo , o autor nos d uma descrio dos
9. No physician would ever advise anyone to smoke a causados pelas nucleares.
cigar. romance; ampla; riscos/perigos; usinas
23. Honesty is the best policy.
Nenhum jamais algum a fumar .
mdico; aconselharia; charuto A honestidade a melhor . poltica
10. On that particular occasion, I wasnt there.
24. They had to face hazards of all sorts in that mission.
Naquela ocasio, eu no estava l. determinada
Eles tiveram de enfrentar de todos os naquela
11. We had a private conversation and he gave me some misso. riscos/perigos; tipos
good advice.
25. The boy was excited at the prospect of getting a bike
Ns tivemos uma conversa e ele me deu alguns bons for Christmas.
. particular; conselhos
O garoto estava com a de ganhar uma bicicleta no
12. The principal has an appointment with a renowned Natal. animado; perspectiva
physician at 9.
26. Minas Gerais is rich in iron ore.
O tem uma com um renomado s 9.
diretor da escola; consulta; mdico
Minas Gerais rico em de ferro. minrio
13. When they realized their mistake, it was too late.
27. Actually we dont own a house. We pay rent. We are
Quando eles seu erro, era tarde demais. perceberam tenants.
14. A sensible person would never do such a foolish ns no temos uma casa. Ns pagamos aluguel. Ns
thing. somos . Na verdade; inquilinos
Uma pessoa nunca faria tamanha tolice. sensata
28. You will be trying to get into college next year. I hope
15. They wanted to leave the theater, but they couldnt youll succeed.
find the exit.
Vocs tentaro entrar na no prximo ano. Espero
Eles queriam sair do teatro, mas no conseguiam que vocs . faculdade; consigam
encontrar a . sada
29. Millions of people go hungry in the world today.
16. We stopped our work at 7 oclock and resumed it an Dont you feel any sympathy for them?
hour later.
Milhes de pessoas passam fome no mundo hoje. Voc
Ns paramos o nosso trabalho s 7 horas e o uma no sente elas? pena de/compaixo por
hora depois. recomeamos
30. I know how you feel. I sympathize.
17. Jack and Judie eventually reached a compromise: he estou do seu lado/
Eu sei como voc se sente. Eu .
washed the dishes and she dried them. estou com voc
31. The explorers were lost in the desert. They had no
Jack e Judie chegaram a um : ele lavou a loua e
compass.
ela enxugou. finalmente; acordo
Os exploradores estavam perdidos no deserto. Eles
18. Thomas Alva Edison had an ingenious mind.
no tinham . bssola
Thomas Alva Edison tinha uma mente .
engenhosa, inventiva 32. Everyone was sympathetic about my problems. Im
19. Racial prejudice is still a problem in many countries. very grateful for that.
O racial ainda um problema em muitos pases. Todos foram muito a respeito dos meus problemas.
preconceito Sou muito grato por isso. solidrios
20. The boss wants a comprehensive report of the
situation. 33. Men wear collars on their shirts; dogs wear collars,
too.
O patro quer um relatrio da situao.
completo/abrangente Os homens usam nas camisas; os cachorros usam
21. Pride and Prejudice is a great novel by Jane Austen. tambm. colarinhos; coleiras
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34. Teachers are ordinary people. 43. He thinks I hate him, but actually I bear him no
malice.
Os professores so pessoas . comuns
Ele pensa que eu o odeio, mas eu no lhe quero .
35. My son is an apt student. He learns quickly. na verdade; mal
44. Wheat, rice, coffee, soya, and sugar are agricultural
Meu filho um aluno . Ele aprende rapidamente.
commodities.
habilidoso/inteligente
36. I dont know much about petrol, but my uncle is an
Trigo, arroz, caf, soja, e acar so .
expert on the subject. mercadorias agrcolas/bens de consumo
Eu no sei muito sobre , mas meu tio um no .
45. My aunt used to be a tutor in math but she retired last
gasolina; especialista; assunto year.
37. A careless driver is apt to have accidents.
Minha tia era de Matemtica, mas ela no ano
Um motorista descuidado est a sofrer acidentes. passado. professora particular; aposentou-se
propenso
38. He turned on the lamp and started reading a 46. Jacks behavior was very rude, but we simply ignored
magazine he had borrowed from the library. him.
Ele ligou a e comeou a ler uma que ele tinha O comportamento do Jack foi muito , mas ns
pegado emprestado na . luminria; revista; biblioteca simplesmente o ignoramos. mal-educado
39. It was raining hard and the kids were feeling 47. Those banks charge high interest rates.
miserable.
Aqueles bancos cobram altas taxas de . juros
Estava chovendo muito e as crianas estavam .
muito infelizes
48. The mayor of that city has launched a new program to
40. We noticed with disgust that the men were eating fight the epidemic of influenza.
grasshoppers.
O daquela cidade lanou um novo programa para
Ns com que os homens estavam comendo
combater a de . prefeito; epidemia; gripe
gafanhotos.
notamos/percebemos; nojo/repugnncia
41. There will be no strike. The employers and the 49. I assume well have to go through customs when we
employees have reached a compromise. get to New York.
No haver greve. Os empregadores e os empregados Eu que teremos de passar pela quando chegarmos
chegaram a um . acordo a Nova York. suponho; alfndega
42. The principal is a genial person, always smiling and 50. I have my own opinion about it, but ultimately the
pleasant and she has some brilliant ideas. decision is yours.
A uma pessoa , sempre sorridente e agradvel, e Eu tenho minha prpria opinio sobre isso, mas a
tem algumas ideias geniais. diretora; jovial deciso sua. em ltima anlise
224 Minigrammar
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Vocabulary
Aqui esto registrados apenas os significados que as palavras tm nos textos desta obra.
A B
among: entre (vrios)
ability: (pl. abilities) 1 habilidade baboon: babuno, espcie de macaco
2 capacidade amount: quantidade africano
able: capaz; be able to: ser capaz de, another: outro back: (s.) costas; (adv.) para trs
poder
answer: (s.) resposta; (v.) (p. e backward: para trs
above: (adv.) acima; (prep.) acima de pp. answered) responder
backyard: quintal
abridged: resumido, abreviado anywhere: em qualquer lugar
balance: (s.) equilbrio; (v.) (p. e
accomplish: (p. e pp. accomplished) apologize: (p. e pp. apologized) pp. balanced ) equilibrar
realizar, conseguir fazer pedir desculpa
balloon: balo
according to: de acordo com appoint: (p. e pp. appointed) nomear
bathtub: banheira
actually: realmente, de fato, na around: (adv.) volta; (prep.) volta de
verdade beautiful: belo, lindo, bonito
arrangement: 1 acordo, combinao
add: (p. e pp. added ) acrescentar 2 arranjo become: (p. became; pp. become)
1 tornar-se 2 (com adj.) ficar
advice: conselho(s); a word of advice: arrive: (p. e pp. arrived) chegar
um conselho before: (adv.) antes; (prep.) 1 antes de
as: 1 como, da mesma forma que 2 perante, diante de; (conj.) antes que
after: (adv.) depois; (prep.) depois de; 2 como, na funo de 3 quando,
(conj.) depois que enquanto 4 visto que, porque; as fast beg: (p. e pp. begged) 1 implorar
as: to rapidamente quanto; as for: 2 pedir esmola
again: novamente
quanto a; as if: como se; as many as:
begin: (p. began; pp. begun) comear
against: 1 contra 2 de encontro a at; as well: tambm; as well as: 1 to
bem como 2 assim como, bem como behavior: comportamento
age: idade; age group: faixa etria behavior (EUA) = behaviour (GB)
ascent: ascenso, subida
ago: h, atrs (tempo) behind: (adv.) atrs; (prep.) atrs de
ask: (p. e pp. asked) perguntar; ask
agree: (p. e pp. agreed) concordar for: pedir believe: (p. e pp. believed) acreditar
ahead (of): adiante, frente (de) assignment: tarefa, trabalho a fazer bell: sino
aircraft: (pl. aircraft) aeronave, avio at first: a princpio belong (to): (p. e pp. belonged)
pertencer (a)
airship: (balo) dirigvel at least: pelo menos
below: (adv.) abaixo; (prep.) abaixo de
alert: alerta, atento, vivo attempt: (s.) tentativa; (v.) (p. e
pp. attempted) tentar bench: banco (comprido, de parque
alive: vivo, com vida
ou jardim)
automated: automatizado
all: (adj.) todos/as; (pron.) tudo
benefit: 1 for your benefit:
available: disponvel, acessvel para o seu bem 2 benefcio
allow: (p. e pp. allowed) permitir
almost: quase avoid: (p. e pp. avoided) evitar besides: (prep.) alm de; (adv.) alm
disso
alone: sozinho awake: acordado
between: (prep.) entre (dois)
along: por, ao longo de award-winning: (adj.) ganhador de
prmios beyond: alm (de), para l de
already: j
awareness: cincia, conscincia, bid: tentativa
always: sempre conhecimento
bite: (s.) 1 mordida 2 bocado, pedao;
amazing: incrvel, impressionante away: longe (v.) (p. bit; pp. bitten) morder
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blame: (s.) culpa; (v.) (p. e came: (p. de come) veio clean: (adj.) limpo; (v.) (p. e
pp. blamed) culpar pp. cleaned) limpar
campfire: fogueira (de
blessed: abenoado acampamento) cleaning: limpeza
blinding: que cega can: (v. aux.) 1 poder, ter capacidade clear: (adj.) claro; sem dvidas; sem
para 2 saber (fazer algo) 3 poder, ter nuvens; (v.) (p. e pp. cleared) limpar;
blood: sangue; blood pressure: permisso para 4 poder, ser possvel clear forests: desmatar
presso arterial
canvas: tela clearing: clareira
blow: (p. blew; pp. blown) soprar
caption: legenda (de foto, ilustrao) clever: 1 inteligente 2 esperto, vivo
body: (pl. bodies) corpo
carbon dioxide: dixido de carbono, climate: clima; climate change:
bold: (tipo de letra) negrito gs carbnico mudana climtica
boost: (s.) aumento, incremento; care: (s.) cuidado; (v.) (p. e pp. cared)
(v.) (p. e pp. boosted) aumentar close: (adj.) 1 perto 2 ntimo; close
cuidar de
friends: amigos ntimos; (v.) (p. e pp.
boring: chato, montono career: carreira closed): fechar no adjetivo, o s
pronuncia-se como /s/; no verbo,
born: nascido; be born: nascer careful: cuidadoso o s pronuncia-se como /z/
borrow: (p. e pp. borrowed) pedir/ carry: (p. e pp. carried) carregar, levar coal: carvo
tomar emprestado
castle: castelo o t no coast: costa
boss: chefe pronunciado
college: 1 faculdade (GB)
both: ambos; both and : tanto cell phone: telefone celular 2 universidade (EUA) compare
quanto com school; college education:
century: (pl. centuries) sculo formao universitria
brain: crebro
certainty: certeza come: (p. came; pp. come) 1 vir 2
breaking news: ltimas notcias
challenge: (s.) desafio; (v.) (p. e chegar
breathe: (p. e pp. breathed) respirar pp. challenged) desafiar
commit: (p. e pp. committed)
breed: (p. e pp. bred) reproduzir-se champion: campeo cometer; commit suicide: suicidar-se
(animais)
championship: campeonato common: comum; common sense:
bride: noiva bom senso
change: (s.) 1 mudana 2 troca 3
brief: breve, curto troco, trocado (moedas); (v.) (p. e complain: (p. e pp. complained)
pp. changed): 1 mudar 2 trocar reclamar, queixar-se de
bright: brilhante; brighter: mais
brilhante changing: mudana composer: compositor
bring: (p. e pp. brought) trazer channel: canal (geogrfico [natural] confidence: confiana
ou de TV)
brisk: rpido, acelerado conquer: (p. e pp. conquered)
chapter: captulo conquistar
broad-minded: liberal, aberto, que
aceita e respeita diferenas character: 1 carter 2 personagem conscience: conscincia, senso
moral
brush: (s.) (pl. brushes) escova; chart: grfico, tabela
(v.) (p. e pp. brushed) escovar consciousness: conscincia
cheap: barato
build: (p. e pp. built) construir (mental); sentidos; percepo
chick: 1 pinto 2 filhote (de ave)
burn: (s.) queimadura; (v.) (p. e constipation: priso de ventre
pp. burned/burnt queimar; burn up child: (pl. children) criana; child
prodigy: criana prodgio construct: (p. e pp. constructed)
calories: queimar calorias
construir
but: (conj.) mas; (prep.) exceto childhood: infncia
consumption: consumo
buy: (p. e pp. bought) comprar choice: escolha
contain: (p. e pp. contained) conter
choose: (p. chose; pp. chosen)
escolher container: recipiente
C
church: (pl. churches) igreja content: contedo
call: (s.) chamada; (v.) (p. e pp.
called) 1 chamar 2 ligar; called for: circle: (s.) crculo; (v.) (p. e contrary: contrrio; on the contrary:
necessrio, exigido pp. circled) circular ao contrrio
226 Vocabulary
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cook: (p. e pp. cooked) cozinhar devour: (p. e pp. devoured) devorar egg: ovo
cool: 1 fresco 2 (coloq.) legal, maneiro die: (p. e pp. died) morrer else: (depois de inter. e pron. indef.)
mais; what else?: o que mais?;
courtship: corte, namoro different (from): diferente (de) nothing else: nada mais
crash diet: dieta intensiva dirigible: dirigvel enemy: (pl. enemies) inimigo
develop: (p. e pp. developed) 1 eat: (p. ate; pp. eaten) comer faithfully: fielmente
desenvolver 2 contrair (doena,
complexo) educate: (p. e pp. educated) educar fall: (p. fell; pp. fallen) cair; fall ill:
(academicamente) adoecer; fall in love: apaixonar-se
development: 1 desenvolvimento
2 acontecimento effortless: sem esforo famine: fome (por muito tempo)
Vocabulary 227
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far: (adj.) distante; (adv.) longe; foolish: tolo, bobo gossip: fofoca(s)
(prep.) far from: longe de
foot: (pl. feet) p grab: (p. e pp. grabbed) pegar, agarrar
farm: (s.) fazenda; (v.) (p. e
pp. farmed) trabalhar a terra foreign: (adj.) estrangeiro grass: grama, capim
fast: (adj.) rpido, veloz; (adv.) forever: para sempre greenhouse: estufa; greenhouse
rapidamente; faster than: effect: efeito estufa
mais rpido do que fox: (pl. foxes) raposa
greet: (p. e pp. greeted)
fat: (s.) gordura; (adj.) gordo frame of mind: disposio, cumprimentar
estado de esprito
fault: culpa; it isn't my fault: gripe: (p. e pp. griped) reclamar com
a culpa no minha free: livre insistncia
fear: (s.) medo, receio; (v.) (p. e French fries: batatas fritas ground: cho; solo
pp. feared) temer, recear
fresh air: ar puro grow: (p. grew; pp. grown) 1 crescer;
feed: (p. e pp. fed) alimentar(-se) grow larger: aumentar; grow old:
frozen: congelado envelhecer 2 criar 3 cultivar
feel: (p. e pp. felt) sentir(-se)
fuel: combustvel; fossil fuel: growth: crescimento
feet: (pl. de foot) ps combustvel fssil
fell: (p. de fall) caiu; fell ill: adoeceu full: 1 cheio 2 total; inteiro
H
female: fmea; feminino fun: diverso
hand: (s.) mo; (v.) (p. e pp. handed)
few: poucos/as; a few: alguns, funny: divertido, engraado entregar; at hand: mo, fcil de
algumas pegar; on the other hand: por
outro lado
fiber: fibra G handsome: bonito
fight: (s.) luta; briga; (v.) (p. e
pp. fought) lutar; brigar (contra) garlic: alho happen: (p. e pp. happened)
acontecer
file: (s.) arquivo; (v.) (p. e pp. filed) gas: 1 (pl. gases) gs 2 (sem pl.)
arquivar gasolina happiness: felicidade
fill out a form: preencher um gather: (p. e pp. gathered) juntar, happy: feliz
formulrio recolher, coletar
harsh: 1 spero 2 duro 3 desagradvel
filter: (s.) filtro; (v.) (p. e pp. filtered) general: (adj.) geral
filtrar hatch: (ave) sair da casca do ovo,
generation: gerao nascer
find: (p. e pp. found) achar, encontrar
genius: (pl. geniuses) gnio head: cabea; head-to-head: frente a
find out: (p. e pp. found out) descobrir frente, em competio direta
get out: sair
fit: (adj.) 1 apto, em boas condies health: sade; health care: servio(s)
2 em (boa) forma fsica glacier: geleira de sade
flew: (p. de fly) 1 voou 2 pilotou glance: relance; at a glance: de cara, healthful: salutar, bom para a sade
s de olhar
flight: voo healthy: sadio, saudvel
glass: 1 (sem pl.) vidro 2 (pl. glasses)
float: (p. e pp. floated) 1 flutuar 2 boiar copo hear: (p. e pp. heard) ouvir
228 Vocabulary
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helpless: desamparado; sem ao injure: (p. e pp. injured) machucar large: grande
heritage: patrimnio, herana instead: em vez disso; instead of: last: (adj.) ltimo; (v.) (p. e pp. lasted)
em vez de 1 durar 2 resistir, aguentar
high: alto
insurance: seguro late: (adj.) 1 atrasado 2 final; in late
high school: escola secundria (EUA) 2008: no final de 2008; (adv.) tarde
interesting: interessante
hold: (p. e pp. held) 1 segurar 2 laugh: (p. e pp. laughed) rir
realizar into: para dentro de
law: lei
hole: buraco iron: ferro
lay: (p. e pp. laid) pr
holiday: (s.) 1 feriado 2 frias issue: 1 edio 2 questo, assunto
importante lead (to): (p. e pp. led) levar (a),
honour: honra conduzir (a)
hope: (s.) esperana; (v.) (p. e
pp. hoped) esperar
J leaf: (pl. leaves) folha
ice: gelo key: (pl. keys) chave; key word: lend: (p. e pp. lent) emprestar
palavra-chave
ice cap: calota polar length: comprimento
kick: (p. e pp. kicked) chutar
ice cream: sorvete less (than): (comp. de little) menos
kid: criana de/que
icon: cone
kill: (p. e pp. killed) matar let: (p. e pp. let) deixar, permitir
icy: gelado
kind: (s.) tipo, espcie; (adj.) bom, let go of: soltar
ill: doente bondoso
lets: vamos
illness: (pl. illnesses) doena knew: (p. de know) sabia, conhecia
level: nvel
improve: (p. e pp. improved) melhorar knife: (pl. knives) faca
liar: mentiroso
in order to: para; a fim de knowledge: conhecimento(s)
library: biblioteca
increase: (s.) aumento; (p. e
pp. increased) aumentar L lie: (p. lay; pp. lain) 1 deitar-se 2 jazer
3 situar-se; what lies beyond: o que
indeed: de fato, na verdade lack: falta, carncia est alm
inexpensive: barato lamb: (carne de) cordeiro life: (pl. lives) vida
information: informao; land: (s.) terra; (v.) (p. e pp. landed) lifestyle: estilo de vida
informaes (nunca usado aterrizar
com s final); a piece of information: lift: (p. e pp. lifted) levantar, elevar;
uma informao language: 1 lngua, idioma 2 linguagem lift off: decolar, levantar do solo
Vocabulary 229
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light: (s.) luz; (adj.) 1 claro 2 leve meaning: significado northeast: nordeste
like: (p. e pp. liked) gostar de; (prep.) meanwhile: enquanto isso northern: do norte
1 como 2 como, igual a 3 como se
fosse 4 tal/tais como, por exemplo; meat: carne note: nota; anotao
like that: assim, desse jeito
medicine: 1 medicina 2 remdio novel: romance
likely: provvel
medium: meio now and then: de vez em quando
link: (s.) elo; ligao; (v.) (p. e pp.
linked) ligar; relacionar meet: (p. e pp. met) 1 encontrar(-se) nutrient: nutriente
2 conhecer(-se)
little: (adj.) pequeno; (pron. indef.) nutrition: nutrio
pouco/a; a little: um pouco; little by melt: (p. e pp. melted) derreter
little: pouco a pouco
methane: (gs) metano
O
lives: (pl. de life) vidas rima com
wives, knives middle: meio, centro
obese: obeso
look: (p. e pp. looked) 1 olhar midnight: meia-noite
obesity: obesidade
2 parecer (aos olhos)
mind: (s.) mente; (v.) (p. e pp.
minded) importar-se obey: (p. e pp. obeyed) obedecer
look for: procurar
mirror: espelho obligation: obrigao
lose: (p. e pp. lost) perder
misinformation: informao errada of course: claro, naturalmente
lost: perdido
miss: (p. e pp. missed) 1 perder (o off: (oposto de on) 1 fora; para fora
low: baixo
nibus, uma aula etc.) 2 sentir de 2 desligado
luxurious: luxuoso saudades (de)
often: frequentemente
mistake: erro
oil: 1 leo 2 petrleo
M mixed grades: notas boas e notas
once: (adv.) uma vez; certa vez;
ms
machine: mquina (conj.) uma vez que
monkey: macaco
main: principal only: s, apenas; the only: o nico
mood: disposio
make: (p. e pp. made) fazer; make open: (adj.) aberto; (v.) (p. e
the most of: aproveitar ao mximo; moon: lua pp. opened) abrir
make a decision: tomar uma deciso
more: mais outside: do lado de fora
male: 1 macho 2 masculino
most: (adj.; pron.) 1 mais, a maior over: 1 sobre, por cima de 2 mais
mall: shopping parte de 2 a maioria de; (adv.) mais de 3 por causa de; be over: estar
terminado
mammal: mamfero mouth: boca; (de rio) foz
overcome: (p. overcame; pp.
man: (pl. men) homem overcome) vencer, superar
230 Vocabulary
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pattern: padro powerful: poderoso ready: pronto, preparado
pay: (p. e pp. paid) pagar; pay predict: (p. e pp. predicted) prever realize: (p. e pp. realized) perceber,
attention (to): prestar ateno (a) dar-se conta de
prediction: previso
peace: paz reality: (pl. realities) realidade
pretend: (p. e pp. pretended) fingir
pen pall: amigo por correspondncia reason: razo
prevent: (p. e pp. prevented) prevenir,
people: 1 pessoas 2 (pl. peoples) evitar, impedir reasonable: razovel
povo
previous: anterior, prvio reasoning: raciocnio
perform: (p. e pp. performed) realizar,
executar, fazer prize: prmio recall: lembrana, recordao
perhaps: talvez probe: (s.) sonda; (v.) (p. e pp. recipe: receita (culinria)
probed) sondar
pest: praga (animal ou inseto) recycle: (p. e pp. recycled) reciclar
prolific: prolfico, prolfero
phrase: 1 frase incompleta 2 locuo; reduce: (p. e pp. reduced) reduzir
expresso promote: (p. e pp. promoted)
promover refuse: (p. e pp. refused) recusar-se (a)
physical: (adj.) fsico
provide: (p. e pp. provided) prover regret: arrependimento
physicist: (s.) fsico
proud: orgulhoso related to: relacionado com, ligado a
physics: fsica
publish: publicar (p. e pp. published) relationship: relacionamento
pick: (p. e pp. picked) pegar (do cho, publicar
da areia); escolher release: (p. e pp. released) soltar,
pump: (p. e pp. pumped) bombear liberar
piece: pedao usado com alguns
substantivos no contveis, pupil: aluno remain: (p. e pp. remained)
especificando a unidade: a piece permanecer
of news/information/advice/music: purpose: propsito, finalidade
uma notcia, uma informao, um remember: (p. e pp. remembered)
conselho, uma msica push: (p. e pp. pushed) empurrar;
lembrar-se (de)
push away: afastar ( fora)
place: (s.) lugar; (v.) (p. e pp. placed) replace: (p. e pp. replaced) substituir
pr, colocar put: (p. e pp. put) pr, colocar; put on:
vestir, pr no corpo
reply: (p. e pp. replied) responder
plague: 1 peste 2 praga
report: 1 relatrio 2 reportagem
plain: simples Q
require: (p. e pp. required) exigir; ser
plane: avio necessrio
quick: rpido
plant: 1 planta 2 fbrica, usina research: (s.) pesquisa; (v.) (p. e
quiet: 1 quieto 2 calado
pp. researched) pesquisar
play: (p. e pp. played) 1 brincar 2
quiz: (pl. quizzes) teste, prova rpida
jogar play sports: praticar esportes
(de conhecimentos) researcher: pesquisador
3 tocar (msica) 4 representar
resemble: (p. e pp. resembled)
plentiful: abundante
parecer-se (com)
R
plenty of: 1 muito, muitos 2
race: 1 corrida 2 raa resource: recurso
suficiente(s); mais do que
suficiente(s) respect: (s.) respeito; (v.) (p. e pp.
rain: (s.) chuva; (v.) (p. e pp. rained)
polar bear: urso-polar chover respected) respeitar
pollute: (p. e pp. polluted) poluir rainy: chuvoso responsible (for): responsvel (por)
poor: pobre; the poor: os pobres range: 1 variao 2 gama 3 variedade rest: (s.) 1 resto 2 descanso; (v.) (p. e
pp. rested) descansar
pound: libra rate: 1 taxa; ndice 2 ritmo
retire: (p. e pp. retired) 1 retirar-se
power: fora; poder; power plant: reach: (p. e pp. reached) alcanar; 2 aposentar-se
usina de fora reach for: tentar alcanar
return: (p. e pp. returned) retornar,
powered by: energizado por; movido a reading: leitura voltar
Vocabulary 231
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rich: rico; the rich: os ricos seat belt: cinto de segurana sky: (pl. skies) cu
ride: (s.) volta, viagem, passeio; (p. see: (p. saw; pp. seen) ver slave: escravo
rode; pp. ridden) montar, cavalgar
seed: semente sleep: (s.) sono; (v.) (p. e pp. slept)
right: (s.; adj.) 1 direita 2 certo, dormir
correto; (s.) direito; basic rights: seem: (p. e pp. seemed) parecer
direitos bsicos sleepy: sonolento
seldom: raramente
ripe: maduro slight: ligeiro, leve
self-esteem: autoestima
rise: (p. rose; pp. risen) subir slow: lento, vagaroso; slower: mais
sell: (p. e pp. sold) vender lento
risk: risco, perigo
send: (p. e pp. sent) mandar, enviar slow down: reduzir a velocidade
risky: arriscado
sense: senso; sentido smaller: (comp. de small) menor
role: papel, funo
servant: servo, criado smart: 1 esperto, vivo 2 inteligente
room: 1 sala; quarto; cmodo
2 espao several: diversos, vrios smoke: (s.) fumaa; (v.) (p. e pp.
smoked) fumar
root: raiz shade: sombra (de uma rvore etc.)
snow: (s.) neve; (v.) (p. e pp. snowed)
rub: (p. e pp. rubbed) esfregar shape: forma; in good shape: em boa
nevar
forma
rule: (s.) regra; (v.) (p. e pp. ruled)
share: (p. e pp. shared) compartilhar so: 1 to 2 por isso, portanto 3 para
1 mandar (em) 2 dominar
que, de modo que (= so that); so
run: (p. ran; pp. run) correr shift: (p. e pp. shifted) levar, mover, much: tanto/a; so many: tantos/as
transferir
so that: para que, de modo que
shoe: sapato
S soccer: futebol
shore: praia; orla; costa
safe: seguro society: (pl. societies) sociedade
short: 1 curto 2 baixo; in short: em
sail: (s.) vela (de navegao); (v.) resumo soda, soda pop: refrigerante
(p. e pp. sailed) 1 navegar 2 velejar
3 viajar por mar shout: (p. e pp. shouted) gritar soft: 1 macio, mole 2 suave
salt: sal; salt castle: castelo de sal side: lado soil: solo
same (the ~ as): (o) mesmo (que) sidewalk: calada solve: (p. e pp. solved) resolver
save: (p. e pp. saved) 1 salvar silly: tolo, bobo somewhere: em algum lugar
2 poupar, economizar
similar (to): semelhante (a) son: filho
say: (p. e pp. said) dizer
similarity: (pl. similarities) soon: logo, dentro de pouco tempo;
scan: (p. e pp. scanned) passar semelhana as soon as: assim que; soon after:
os olhos em, ler em busca de logo depois de
informaes especficas simply: simplesmente
soul: alma
school lunch: merenda escolar single: 1 um s, nico 2 solteiro
source: fonte (origem)
score: (p. e pp. scored) marcar, sister: irm
fazer pontos south: sul
site: stio, local
sea level: nvel do mar spacecraft: nave espacial
size: tamanho
seal: foca speech: 1 fala 2 discurso
skill: habilidade
search: (s.) busca; (v.) (p. e pp. spend: (p. e pp. spent) 1 gastar
searched) (tb. search for) buscar, skim: (p. e pp. skimmed) ler 2 passar (tempo)
procurar; search engine: ferramenta superficialmente
de busca spin: (p. e pp. spun) girar
skin: pele; banana skin: casca de
season: estao (do ano) banana spoil: (p. e pp. spoiled/spoilt) estragar
232 Vocabulary
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spread: (p. e pp. spread) espalhar(-se) surpass: (p. e pp. surpassed) superar tit for tat: pagar na mesma moeda
starve: (p. e pp. starved) passar fome touch: (s.) toque; contato; (v.) (p. e
T pp. touched) tocar; keep in touch:
statement: afirmao manter-se em contato
take: (p. took; pp. taken) 1 tomar 2
stay: (p. e pp. stayed) ficar; stay away pegar 3 levar 4 tirar; take notes: tournament: torneio, competio,
from: ficar longe de fazer anotaes; take place: Copa
acontecer; take off: 1 (roupa) tirar,
steam: vapor de gua despir(-se) 2 (avio) decolar; take toward(s): em direo a
over: assumir
step: 1 passo 2 medida, providncia trap: (s.) armadilha; (v.) (p. e pp.
tall: alto (para pessoas, rvores e trapped) prender, reter, aprisionar
stick (to something): (p. e pp. stuck) edifcios estreitos)
grudar, continuar com, no largar travel: (p. e pp. traveled/travelled)
task: tarefa viajar
still: (adv.) ainda; (adj.) quieto
tasty: gostoso, saboroso tree: rvore
stomach: estmago
tea: ch trip: viagem
stored: acumulado, armazenado
teach: (p. e pp. taught) ensinar trouble: 1 dificuldade 2 problema
storm: tempestade
tell: (p. e pp. told) 1 dizer (a) 2 contar truck: caminho
street: rua (a) 3 mandar, ordenar (a)
true: verdadeiro
strong: forte temptation: tentao
truly: verdadeiramente
stubborn: teimoso than: do que
try: (p. e pp. tried) 1 tentar 2
stuck: (pp. de stick) grudado, preso thankful: agradecido experimentar
sub: tipo de sanduche therefore: portanto, por isso turn: (p. e pp. turned) virar; turn
off: desligar; turn (something) into
subject: assunto; school subject: thin: 1 magro 2 fino (something else): transformar em;
disciplina escolar turn out to be: acabar sendo turn to:
think: (p. e pp. thought) pensar voltar-se para; in turn: por sua vez
successful: bem-sucedido
thirsty: com sede twice: duas vezes
such: tal, tais; such an object: tal
objeto; such a good movie: um filme thought: (s.) pensamento; (p. e pp.
to bom de think) pensei
U
such as: tais como threat: ameaa
under: sob; debaixo de
suffer: (p. e pp. suffered) sofrer threaten: (p. e pp. threatened)
ameaar underline: (p. e pp. underlined)
sugar: acar sublinhar
through: atravs de
summer: vero underneath: embaixo
tidy up: (p. e pp. tidied up) limpar,
sun: Sol arrumar understand: (p. e pp. understood)
entender, compreender
sunlight: luz do sol timepiece: relgio (nome antigo)
unlike: diferente de; ao contrrio de
sunny: ensolarado tiny: minsculo, diminuto
unscramble: desembaralhar
sure: certo; com certeza tip: dica
until: (prep.) at; (conj.) at que;
surface: superfcie tired: cansado not until: s depois de
Vocabulary 233
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up: para cima warmth: calor win: (p. e pp. won) 1 vencer, obter
vitria 2 ganhar (por sorte)
up to you: sob seu controle; warn: (p. e pp. warned) alertar,
para voc decidir advertir wind: vento
use: (s.) 1 uso 2 utilidade; (v.) (p. warning: alerta, advertncia winter: inverno
e pp. used) 1 usar 2 utilizar no
substantivo, o s tem som de /s/; wash: (p. e pp. washed) lavar wipe out: (p. e pp. wiped out)
no verbo, o s tem som de /z/ exterminar, acabar com
waste: (s.) 1 desperdcio 2 lixo;
useful: til (v.) (p. e pp. wasted) desperdiar
wise: sbio
useless: intil watch: (s.) relgio; (v.) (p. e pp.
wish: (s.) desejo; (v.) (p. e pp. wished)
watched) assistir; observar
usually: usualmente, geralmente desejar
water: (s.) gua; (v.) (p. e pp.
watered) regar within: dentro de (tempo ou espao)
V way: 1 caminho 2 modo, maneira; without: sem
way out: sada
vacation: frias woman: (pl. women) mulher
vacuum: (p. e pp. vacuumed) aspirar wear: (p. wore; pp. worn) usar, trajar,
vestir won: (p. e pp. de win) venceu; ganhou
o p
value: (s.) valor; (p. e pp. valued) weather: tempo (atmosfrico) wood: madeira
valorizar
web: teia work: (s.) trabalho: (v.) (p. e pp.
vanilla: baunilha; vanilla ice cream: worked) 1 trabalhar 2 funcionar;
sorvete de creme weigh: (p. e pp. weighed) pesar work out in the gym: exercitar-se na
vegetable: (adj.) vegetal; (s.) academia
verdura; legume weight: peso
worldwide: mundial
village: aldeia; vilarejo well: bem
voice: voz worry: (p. e pp. worried) preocupar-se
well-being: bem-estar
234 Vocabulary
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Index
Este ndice remissivo aponta os tpicos gramaticais trabalhados nos trs volumes da coleo. Os
tpicos trabalhados no Book 1 so indicados pelo nmero da pgina; os trabalhados no Book 2 e no
Book 3 apenas so remetidos a esses volumes.
235
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Locues nominais, 15, 124, Plural dos substantivos, 197 Question words (what, which,
156 / B2 / B3 Plural dos substantivos who, whom, whose, when,
Lose and miss, B3 casos especiais, 198 where, why, how, how often,
how much, how many, what
Many, B2 Possessive adjectives and
time), 59, 202
May and might, 127, 216 pronouns, 39, 190
Reference words, 84 / B2 / B3
Miss and lose, B3 Possessive case of nouns, 200
Pour and spill, B3 Reflexive pronouns and
Modal (auxiliary) verbs, 215
reciprocal pronouns, 115,
shall, will, 113, 217 / B2 Prefixes, B2
190
review, 173 / B2 Preposies, B3
Relative clauses
used to express advice, Preposies dificuldades, B3
obligation, necessity, 144, 218 I Defining clauses, B3
Present Perfect, B2 / B3 II Non-defining clauses, B3
used to express certainty or
possibility, 126 adverbs used with the Present Relative pronouns, B3
used to express deduction, 161, Perfect, B2 / B3 that, 113 / B2
218 indefinite past action, B2 what, 100
repeated action in indefinite what and which, B3
Much, B2
past, B2 / B3 who, whom, which, that, B3
Must used to express with since and for, B2 / B3 whose, B3
necessity, 145, 218 Present Perfect Progressive Remember and remind, B3
Must used to express (Continuous), B2
Reported speech, see Indirect
deduction, 161, 218 Present Progressive speech
Never, B2 (Continuous), 16, 205 / B2
Remind and remember, B3
No, none indefinite pronoun, Present Progressive
Say and tell, B3
B2 (Continuous) to express
future time, 113, 214 Say, speak, talk and tell, B3
No longer and anymore, B3
Pronomes Shall, 114, 214
Noun phrases, 15, 124, 156 /
B2 / B3 demonstrativos, 188 Should, 144, 218
Numerals in compound indefinidos, B2 Simple Past
interrogativos, 202 adverbs and finished-time
adjectives, B2
pessoais, 84, 189 expressions, 74
One/ones pronome, 189 possessivos, 39, 190 affirmative form, 70, 207 / B3
Oraes condicionais, B3 reflexivos, 115, 190 negative and interrogative
Ought to, 144, 218 relativos usados em oraes forms, 86, 214 / B3
explicativas, B3
Parallel increase (the the Simple Present
relativos usados em oraes
with comparatives), B2 affirmative form, 28, 192
restritivas, B3
Passive voice, B3 interrogative form, 57, 193
Pronoun reference, 84 / B2 / B3
interrogative form using
Pattern verb + object pronoun Quantifiers (much, little/a question words, 59
(or noun) + infinitive with to, little, many, few/a few), B2 negative form, 41, 193
B3
Quantifiers (much, many, Since and for Present Perfect,
Past Progressive little, few), B2 B2
(Continuous), B2
Quantifiers (much/many; So and such, B3
Past Perfect, B2 / B3 very/very much; so/so So much/so many, B2
People: a very important word, much/so many; too/too
Some indefinite pronoun, B2
B2 much/too many; enough), B2
Speak, say, talk and tell, B3
Personal pronouns subject Quantifiers (some, any, no,
pronouns and object every e seus compostos), B2 Spill and pour, B3
pronouns, 84, 189 Quantifiers (some, any, no, Stative verbs, B2
Phrasal verbs, 174 / B2 none, every), B2 Still and yet, B3
236 Index
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Substantivos Present Perfect usos II, B2 / B3 Verb + object pronoun (or
caso possessivo, 200 Present Perfect usos III, B2 / noun) + infinitive with to, B3
casos especiais na formao do B3 Verb to be presente e
plural, 198 Present Perfect Progressive passado, 191
contveis e no contveis, 196 / (Continuous), B2
Verb to have Simple Present
B2 Simple Past verbos regulares,
Tense, 196
expresses nominais, 15, 124, 70, 207 / B3
156 / B2 / B3 Simple Past verbos Verbo haver presente,
formao do plural, 197 irregulares, 71, 207, 208, 211 / B3 passado, futuro, 192
Simple Past formas negativa Voz passiva, B3
Such and so, B3
e interrogativa, 214 / B3
Suffixes, 13 / B2 / B3 What relative pronoun, 100
Simple Present forma
Superlative adjectives, 203 / afirmativa, 192 What and which, B3
B2 Simple Present formas Who, whom, which, that, B3
Talk, say, speak and tell, B3 negativa e interrogativa, 193 Whose, B3
Tempos verbais compostos Will to express certainty, 126 /
Tell, say, speak and talk, B3
introduo, 219 / B2 / B3 B2
Tempos verbais
That invisvel, 113 Will to express future time, 114,
Future, Future Progressive
(Continuous), Future Perfect, The the with comparatives 214
B3 (parallel increase), B2 Will to express predictable
Past Progressive (Continuous), Through and across, B2 / B3 behavior, B2
B2 Too many/too much, B2 Word formation
Past Perfect, B2 / B3
Uncountable and countable prefixes, B2
Present Progressive
nouns, 196 / B2 suffixes, 13 / B2 / B3
(Continuous), 16, 205 / B2
Unless, B3 Would, B2 / B3
Present Perfect introduo,
B2 / B3 Used to hbito no passado, Yet, B2
Present Perfect usos I, B2 / B3 B3 Yet and still, B3
Index 237
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DAWKINS, R. The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing. New York: Oxford University Press,
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ECKERSLEY, C. E.; ECKERSLEY, J. M. A Comprehensive English Grammar for Foreign Students.
Londres: Longman, 1960.
EDWARDS, D.; MERCER, N. Common Knowledge: The Development of Understanding in the
Classroom. Londres: Methuen, 1987.
FAIRCLOUGH, N. Language and Power. Londres: Longman, 1989.
FLOWERS, C. A Science Odyssey 100 Years of Discovery. New York: William Morrow and
Company, Inc., 1998.
FREIRE, P. Educao como prtica da liberdade. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1987.
. Pedagogia do oprimido. 9. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1981.
GODINHO, J. D. Once Upon a Time um Ingls. Rio de Janeiro: Relume Dumar, 2001.
GOWER, R.; PEARSON, M. Reading Literature. Londres: Longman, 1986.
HART-DAVIS, A. Science The Definitive Visual Guide. London: Dorling Kindersley, 2012.
238
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LANGAN, J. Ten Steps to Improving Reading Skills. Marlton: Townsend Press, 1988.
LAVE, J.; WENGER, E. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1991.
LEDERER, R. The Miracle of Language. New York: Pocket Books, 1991.
PACKER, T. Tales from Shakespeare. New York: Scholastic Press, 2004.
PARROT, M. Grammar for English Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2000.
QUIRK, R.; GREENBAUM, S. A University Grammar of English. Londres: Longman, 1973.
RAIMES, A. How English Works A grammar handbook with readings. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 1998.
SAGAN, C. Billions & Billions. New York: Ballantine Books, 1997.
. The Varieties of Scientific Experience. New York: Penguin Books, 2007.
SHAKESPEARE, W. The Complete Works of Shakespeare. Hertfordshire: Wordsworth Editions,
1986.
SWAN, M. Practical English Usage new edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995.
.; WALTER, C. How English Works A grammar practice book. Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1997.
THOMSON, A. J.; MARTINET, A. V. A Practical English Grammar. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 1985.
TOLER, P. D. Mankind The Story of All of Us. Philadelphia: Running Press Book Publishers,
2012.
VYGOTSKY, L. S. A formao social da mente. So Paulo: Martins Fontes, 1994.
WELLS, G.; CHANG-WELLS, G. L. Constructing Knowledge Together: Classrooms as Centers of
Inquiry and Literacy. Portsmouth: Heinemann, 1992.
WIDDOWSON, H. G. Defining Issues in English Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University
Press, 2003.
Bibliography 239
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Contedo do CD de udio
Faixa 1 Apresentao
Faixa 12 On Air
Faixa 14 Unit 6 The Boy Who Changed the World with His Music
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Manual do Professor
VOLUME
Sumrio
1. APRESENTAO 2 12. ROTEIRO DE TRABALHO
POR UNIDADE 15
2. PRESSUPOSTOS TERICOS
E METODOLGICOS 3 13. AVALIAO 16
3. OBJETIVOS GERAIS 4 14. PROJETOS INTERDISCIPLINARES 18
4. O NOVO ENEM 4 15. AUDIO SCRIPTS 21
5. AS QUATRO HABILIDADES
16. PRONUNCIATION AND STRESS
LINGUSTICAS E O CONCEITO
(Atividades adicionais
DE LETRAMENTO 5
de listening) 24
A leitura 6
A compreenso oral 7 17. ATIVIDADES ADICIONAIS DE
A produo oral 8 READING 28
A produo escrita 8
18. CULTURAL NOTES,
6. ESTRATGIAS DE LEITURA 9 LANGUAGE IN USE
7. O VOCABULRIO E OS ASPECTOS AND EXPLORING THE THEME 33
GRAMATICAIS 10
19. TRADUO DOS TEXTOS
8. A INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE 11 PRINCIPAIS 39
Manual do Professor 1
You cannot teach a man anything, you can only help him discover it
in himself.
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)
Passados mais de trs sculos da poca de Galileu, uma das estrelas mais
brilhantes no universo da descoberta cientfica, Richard Bach, autor de
Jonathan Livingstone Seagull (Ferno Capelo Gaivota, 1970), reafirma,
em bela prosa potica, a verdade que a principal misso do professor fa-
zer aflorar em seus alunos o conhecimento que eles j tm. No podemos
ensinar nada a ningum, mas sim ajudar cada um a descobrir por si pr-
prio. No somos os protagonistas desse espetculo da descoberta, mas
apenas ajudantes nessa construo.
assim que vemos a educao e com esse fundamento que esta obra
foi escrita. Ela adota uma viso sociointeracional e interdisciplinar para o
estudo da lngua inglesa. Alm dos contedos lingusticos e discursivos, a
coleo vale-se intensamente da oportunidade de abordar contedos de
relevncia sociocultural, destacando valores que consideramos importan-
tes para os nossos alunos.
Visando educao para a cidadania, esperamos que esta obra sirva de
apoio e instrumento de ensino no apenas da lngua inglesa, mas que, so-
bretudo, leve reflexo, ao debate e ao posicionamento crtico. Neste Ma-
nual, oferecemos ao professor uma grande quantidade de material de
apoio, esperando com isso contribuir para o enriquecimento de suas aulas,
visando ao desenvolvimento do processo de ensino-aprendizagem e
conquista dos objetivos propostos.
Estamos juntos nessa misso.
Acreditamos, sim, que we are all learners, doers, teachers.
2 Manual do Professor
Esta coleo didtica tambm se guia por uma concep- O ensino da lngua inglesa nesta coleo tambm se in-
o sociointeracional da aprendizagem de lnguas, em que sere nas funes do Ensino Mdio de preparar o aluno tanto
os alunos aprendem ao interagir com os colegas, com o para o ingresso no mercado de trabalho quanto para a con-
professor e com outros membros da comunidade. Desta- tinuidade dos estudos no ensino superior. Como a lngua
cam-se, portanto, atividades que privilegiam o trabalho inglesa utilizada amplamente para a divulgao cientfica
conjunto, seja pela discusso em classe (por exemplo: na e a comunicao internacional, seja em contatos pessoais
fase de pr-leitura, com a estratgia de leitura Making ou mediados pela Internet, saber us-la (para ler, escrever,
predictions, e nas atividades da subseo Before You Read, ouvir e falar) abre ao indivduo maiores possibilidades de
em que os alunos se preparam para a leitura do texto prin- qualificao profissional e insero no mundo do trabalho,
cipal; no momento da correo coletiva de exerccios; e na assim como de acesso universidade, onde parte dos textos
seo Think About It, fechamento de cada unidade), tarefas a serem lidos pelos alunos tambm escrita em ingls.
em duplas ou em pequenos grupos (propostas em vrios Assim, esta coleo prope-se levar o aluno a conhe-
exerccios ao longo da coleo) ou projetos interdiscipli- cer e usar a lngua estrangeira moderna como instrumen-
nares em grupos (sugeridos neste Manual). to de acesso a informaes e a outras culturas e grupos
Nessa abordagem, o professor no visto como aquele sociais, conforme indicado pelos PCNEM (p. 11), em
que tem conhecimentos a transmitir aos alunos que, por consonncia com as finalidades atribudas ao Ensino M-
sua vez, devem reproduzir fielmente o que lhes foi apre- dio pela Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educao Nacional
sentado. O professor aquele que orienta e incentiva o (LDBEN, art. 35) e ratificadas pelas OCEM (p. 7) de apri-
aluno a assumir o papel de sujeito de sua prpria aprendi- moramento do educando como ser humano, sua formao
zagem, a planej-la e avali-la continuamente (como se tica, desenvolvimento de sua autonomia intelectual e de
pode ver, por exemplo, na seo Check Your English e em seu pensamento crtico, sua preparao para o mundo do
diversas sugestes dadas neste Manual). O aluno, por sua trabalho e o desenvolvimento de competncias para con-
vez, no espera receber passivamente contedos prontos, tinuar seu aprendizado.
Manual do Professor 3
Os objetivos gerais desta obra, listados a seguir, foram nos Eixos cognitivos comuns a todas as reas de
estabelecidos com base nos pressupostos terico-meto- conhecimento
dolgicos j apresentados e nas orientaes dos diversos
Dominar linguagens (DL): dominar a norma culta da
documentos organizadores e norteadores do Ensino M- Lngua Portuguesa e fazer uso das linguagens matemtica,
dio no Brasil, como os PCNEM, as OCEM e a Matriz de artstica e cientfica e das lnguas espanhola e inglesa.
Referncia de Linguagens, Cdigos e suas Tecnologias
Compreender fenmenos (CF): construir e aplicar
do Exame Nacional do Ensino Mdio (Enem). conceitos das vrias reas de conhecimento para a
Os objetivos especficos relativos a cada seo sero compreenso de fenmenos naturais, de processos
histrico-geogrficos, da produo tecnolgica e das
apresentados mais adiante neste Manual, no tpico Des- manifestaes artsticas.
crio das unidades.
Enfrentar situaes-problema (SP): selecionar, organizar,
So objetivos gerais: interpretar dados e informaes representados de
Desenvolver no aluno competncias que o tornem apto diferentes formas, para tomar decises e enfrentar
situaes-problema.
a, atravs do engajamento em atividades de uso da lin-
guagem, construir sentidos, compreender melhor o Construir argumentao (CA): relacionar informaes,
representadas em diferentes formas, e conhecimentos
mundo em que vive e participar dele criticamente, for-
disponveis em situaes concretas, para construir
talecendo a noo de cidadania. argumentao consistente.
Desenvolver no aluno, de modo integrado, habilidades
Elaborar propostas (EP): recorrer aos conhecimentos
lingusticas (compreenso oral e escrita, produo oral desenvolvidos na escola para elaborao de propostas de
e escrita), compreendidas como prticas sociais e interveno solidria na realidade, respeitando os valores
humanos e considerando a diversidade sociocultural.
contextualizadas.
Promover, atravs de um trabalho interdisciplinar e
contextualizado, a articulao entre a lngua inglesa e na Competncia de rea 2
outras reas do conhecimento na constituio de um Conhecer e usar lngua(s) estrangeira(s) moderna(s) como
currculo mais amplo, inserido na vida social. instrumento de acesso a informaes e a outras culturas e
grupos sociais.
Fortalecer o esprito de colaborao do aluno em seu
processo de aprendizagem. Habilidade 5 Associar vocbulos e expresses em um
texto em LEM ao seu tema.
Desenvolver estratgias de aprendizagem de leitura,
possibilitando a formao de leitores autnomos. Habilidade 6 Utilizar os conhecimentos da LEM e de
seus mecanismos como meio de ampliar as possibilidades
Levar o aluno a conhecer e usar a lngua inglesa como de acesso a informaes, tecnologias e culturas.
instrumento de acesso a informaes e a outras culturas
e grupos sociais. Habilidade 7 Relacionar um texto em LEM, as estruturas
lingusticas, sua funo e uso social.
Incentivar o reconhecimento da importncia da pro-
duo cultural em ingls como representao da diver- Habilidade 8 Reconhecer a importncia da produo
cultural em LEM como representao da diversidade
sidade cultural e lingustica. cultural e lingustica.
4 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 5
6 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 7
8 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 9
10 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 11
12 Manual do Professor
Considerando as unidades que compem cada livro e Nesse planejamento, devem-se incluir ainda, a critrio
a distribuio das aulas por bimestres, tradicionalmente do professor, as atividades de avaliao (para as quais
adotada pelas escolas, prope-se a seguinte diviso de apresentamos sugestes no tpico Avaliao, neste Ma-
contedos ao longo do ano letivo: nual) e a elaborao de Projetos interdisciplinares em
grupos (tambm sugeridos neste Manual).
Unidades 4 a 6
J em relao distribuio das sees de cada unidade
2o bimestre por aula, consulte o tpico Roteiro de trabalho por
Check Your English 2
unidade.
Unidades 7 a 9
3o bimestre
Check Your English 3
Unidades 10 a 12
4o bimestre
Check Your English 4
As unidades desta obra esto divididas nas sees descritas no quadro a seguir, que informa os objetivos especficos
de cada uma.
SEO/
CONTEDOS OBJETIVOS
SUBSEO
Breve texto introdutrio ao texto Ativar o conhecimento prvio do aluno sobre o assunto e o
Abertura da tipo do texto a ser lido.
principal, acompanhado de imagem
unidade
relacionada. Levar o aluno a levantar hipteses sobre o texto a ser lido.
Perguntas sobre o texto a ser lido. Explorar a linguagem no verbal (fotos, ilustraes) que
Atividade proposta imediatamente acompanha o texto.
Before You Read
antes da primeira leitura. Levar o aluno a prever o campo semntico do texto a ser lido.
Questes contextualizadas e de
variados formatos para apresentao
e ampliao de vocabulrio, Apresentar vocabulrio e oferecer oportunidades de prtica
envolvendo sinonmia, antonmia, do uso desse vocabulrio.
palavras transparentes, campos Ampliar o vocabulrio e desenvolver estratgias de estudo
Word Study
semnticos, afixos, marcadores sistemtico.
discursivos, grupos nominais, Desenvolver estratgias de deduo do significado de
referenciais, deduo, pelo contexto, palavras desconhecidas em seu contexto de uso.
do significado de palavras
desconhecidas.
Manual do Professor 13
Listening* Diferentes tipos de textos orais Oferecer oportunidades de compreenso oral da lngua inglesa
(dilogos, entrevistas, programas de e de contato com diferentes gneros discursivos orais.
rdio e TV, poemas, conversas Desenvolver a habilidade de compreenso global de um texto
telefnicas, trechos de palestras etc.) oral (compreenso extensiva).
e tarefas variadas de compreenso Desenvolver a habilidade de compreenso de estruturas
oral (compreenso intensiva, lingusticas, sons, palavras, frases, em texto oral (compreenso
extensiva e seletiva), integrados ao intensiva).
tema da unidade. Desenvolver a habilidade de compreenso de informaes
especficas em um texto oral (compreenso seletiva).
Trabalhar diferentes estratgias de audio, dependendo do
foco da tarefa.
Abordar assuntos relacionados ao tema da unidade a partir
da compreenso oral.
Speaking* Atividades de produo oral em Proporcionar oportunidades de produo oral da lngua inglesa
diferentes contextos de uso, em diferentes contextos de uso relevantes ao aluno e seu
envolvendo o tema da unidade, com entorno, com diferentes graus de complexidade e interao.
diferentes graus de complexidade e Trabalhar diferentes estratgias de fala, dependendo do
interao. objetivo da tarefa e do contexto de uso.
Oferecer oportunidades de emprego do vocabulrio
relacionado ao tema da unidade dentro de um determinado
contexto de uso.
Abordar assuntos relacionados ao tema da unidade a partir
da produo oral.
Writing* Atividades de produo escrita em Propiciar oportunidades de prtica e reflexo sobre o uso da
gneros textuais relevantes para o lngua inglesa para comunicao escrita, utilizando gneros
aluno, associados ao tema da textuais relevantes para o aluno.
unidade. Oferecer oportunidades de emprego de vocabulrio
relacionado ao tema da unidade dentro de um determinado
contexto de uso.
Levar o aluno a entender a escrita como prtica social e
como um processo contnuo de avaliao e reescritura.
Another Look at Textos curtos de diversos gneros Oferecer contato com textos de diversos gneros.
sobre assuntos relacionados ao tema Possibilitar o estabelecimento de relaes de
central do texto principal da unidade e intertextualidade com o texto principal da unidade.
questes de compreenso escrita. Desenvolver a compreenso escrita e o uso de estratgias de
leitura para a compreenso de ideias principais e de
informaes especficas.
Abordar e discutir questes relativas ao tema da unidade a
partir da compreenso textual.
Think About It Reflexo e debate sobre questes Estabelecer conexes entre o tema da unidade e o mundo do
relevantes para o mundo do aluno e aluno.
para a sociedade com base nos textos Incentivar o aluno a refletir e a se posicionar sobre questes
e atividades desenvolvidos ao longo socioculturais.
da unidade, oportunidade em que a Desenvolver o senso crtico, a capacidade de anlise e as
disciplina Lngua Estrangeira Moderna noes de cidadania.
Ingls se oferece como instrumento
de dilogo interdisciplinar.
* Em algumas unidades, h sees de Listening, Speaking e/ou Writing, que integram duas habilidades: Listening & Speaking; Listening &
Reading; Reading & Speaking; ou Reading & Writing.
14 Manual do Professor
Conforme j foi mencionado na seo sobre a habili- abertura da unidade e a seo Reading (subsees Before
dade de compreenso oral, atividades adicionais de You Read, Time to Read, General Comprehension, Word
listening so propostas neste Manual, para que o professor Study, Detailed Comprehension), atividades extras de
as utilize a seu critrio. Essas atividades referem-se a pos- listening relacionadas ao texto principal da unidade
sveis exerccios (j exemplificados na seo sobre com- e iniciar o trabalho das estruturas gramaticais (seo
preenso oral), com a gravao do texto principal de Structure). Nesse momento, exerccios gramaticais da
cada unidade (disponvel no CD que acompanha o livro), seo Structure e em especial os da Minigrammar podem
e a exerccios de compreenso intensiva, que permitem ser passados como trabalho de casa. Na semana seguinte,
ao aluno ouvir, observar e repetir algumas palavras, utilizam-se duas aulas para corrigir esses exerccios, con-
selecionadas do texto principal, cuja pronncia ou cluir a parte referente gramtica e desenvolver as ativi-
acentuao costuma causar dificuldades para brasilei- dades de compreenso oral e produo oral e escrita
ros. Tais sugestes de exerccios se encontram no tpico (sees de Listening, Speaking, Writing). A atividade de
Pronunciation and Stress deste Manual. produo escrita pode ser realizada em casa. Na aula se-
Ainda sobre a descrio das unidades dos livros, cum- guinte, corrige-se a atividade de Writing, trabalha-se a
pre destacar que as trs ltimas do terceiro volume apre- seo Another Look at, promove-se um debate a partir
da seo Think About It e incentivam-se os alunos a ex-
sentam uma organizao diferente. Essas unidades, cujo
plorar novas fontes de informao (Exploring Other
ttulo Exploring a Bit More, apresentam textos autnticos
Sources).
de diferentes gneros com variados tipos de questes de
compreenso, nos moldes dos exames que exigem com- Desse modo, sugerimos o desenvolvimento de cada
petncia na compreenso textual, especialmente o Enem, unidade ao longo de cinco aulas, conforme resume o
a fim de alcanar os objetivos referentes a Reading, General quadro a seguir:
Comprehension e Detailed Comprehension, j expressos
Before You Read
no quadro de descrio geral das unidades, alm de buscar
Time to Read
levar o aluno a refletir e discutir sobre os temas propostos
Aula 1 Pronunciation and Stress (atividade adicional
nos textos. A opo por utilizar uma estrutura diferenciada de listening, que consta deste Manual)
nessas trs unidades se pautou na expectativa das OCEM de General Comprehension
que as escolas de algumas regies possam interessar-se em
intensificar o desenvolvimento de leitura no terceiro ano, Word Study
Aula 2 Detailed Comprehension
com vistas a ajudar os alunos na preparao para o vestibu-
Structure
lar (p. 111). Essa opo, entretanto, no desconsidera o
carter da leitura como prtica cultural e crtica de lingua- Structure
gem, conforme recomendado pelo mesmo documento. Aula 3
Minigrammar
Listening
Aula 4
Speaking
Writing
12. ROTEIRO DE TRABALHO Another Look at
Aula 5
POR UNIDADE Think About It
Exploring Other Sources
Considerando a carga horria de duas aulas por semana,
para o desenvolvimento de cada unidade sugerimos que se Assim, em cada bimestre, quinze aulas seriam desti-
utilize uma semana (ou duas aulas) para trabalhar a parte nadas ao desenvolvimento das trs unidades previstas e
de compreenso escrita e de vocabulrio (incluindo a as restantes seriam dedicadas reviso e autoavaliao
Manual do Professor 15
16 Manual do Professor
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18 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 19
20 Manual do Professor
8 Easy Ways to Lose Weight: http://weightloss. number 3: Trees do not pollute the air. On the contrary, they
Manual do Professor 21
22 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 23
Conforme mencionado anteriormente, quando tratamos de compreenso oral, no CD que acompanha cada livro da
coleo, logo aps o udio do texto principal de cada unidade so destacadas algumas palavras cuja pronncia ou
acentuao costumam causar dificuldades para os falantes do portugus. Para explorar essas palavras, aps a leitura
do texto, escreva-as na lousa, uma de cada vez. Em seguida, a seu critrio, destaque os aspectos de pronncia e acen-
tuao com base nos exemplos de rima, nos comentrios relacionados ao som de algumas letras em particular e na
indicao da slaba tnica dados abaixo. Para finalizar, os alunos podem ouvir o udio mais uma vez, repetindo o final
da faixa correspondente do CD.
Unit 1 (faixa 2)
climate climate no rima com eight
human em human o h aspirado e o u soa como you
primary pronunciam-se trs slabas; a primeira a tnica e rima com time: PRIMary
pronunciam-se apenas trs slabas; a primeira a tnica, o segundo e no pronunciado, na ltima
temperatures
slaba o t soa/t/ como em church; a terminao ures soa /rz/: TEMPeratures
rima com beat ou meat; o ea soa /i:/; aproveite a oportunidade para mostrar a diferena no som da
heat
vogal nos minimal pairs beat/bit, seat/sit e feet/fit
dioxide pronunciam-se trs slabas; a segunda a tnica: diOXide, que soa /ks/, rimando com ox ou fox
surface surface no rima com face
atmosphere pronunciam-se trs slabas; a tnica a primeira: ATmosphere
habitable pronunciam-se quatro slabas; a primeira a tnica e rima com cab; o h aspirado: HABitable
fuels pronunciam-se duas slabas; a primeira a tnica e soa como few: FUels
Earth rima com birth
flooding pronunciam-se duas slabas; a primeira a tnica e rima com mud ou bud: FLOODing
no ingls dos EUA, pronuncia-se glaciers com apenas duas slabas: GLAciers, rimando com gay ou day,
glaciers
o a com som /e/; o c // como em show, o i no pronunciado
pronunciam-se apenas duas slabas; a ltima a tnica: seVERE, que rima com beer; severe rima com
severe
sincere.
droughts Tem uma nica slaba. O g no pronunciado. Rima com shouts.
Unit 2 (faixa 4)
creature pronunciam-se apenas duas slabas; a primeira a tnica: CREATure; rima com feature ou com teacher
em emperor pronunciam-se duas ou, numa emisso mais lenta, trs slabas; a primeira a tnica:
emperor penguin EMPeror;
em penguin pronunciam-se duas slabas; a primeira a tnica: PENguin
entire entire rima com admire ou desire
kilometer KILometer ou kiLOMeter; em ingls norte-americano mais comum a segunda forma
frozen frozen rima com chosen, mas no rima com dozen
pronunciam-se apenas trs slabas; a primeira a tnica; tambm possvel a pronncia com quatro
literally
slabas, numa emisso mais lenta: LITerally
incubates pronunciam-se trs slabas; a primeira a tnica: INcubates; o u soa /yu:/; bates soa como uma slaba nica
covered pronunciam-se duas slabas; a primeira a tnica: COVered; o o soa // e no /o/; o segundo e mudo
stomach pronunciam-se duas slabas; a primeira a tnica: STOMach; o ch soa /k/
rima com educated; pronunciam-se quatro slabas; a primeira a tnica: DEDicated; o ed soa como
dedicated
slaba separada
regurgitate pronunciam-se quatro slabas; a segunda a tnica: reGURgitate
rima com six ou com fix
chicks aproveite a oportunidade para mostrar a diferena de pronncia dos minimal pairs chick/cheek, sick/
seek e wick/week
24 Manual do Professor
Unit 4 (faixa 8)
pronunciam-se seis slabas, com acento primrio na quarta: autobiOGraphy, que rima com fog; a
autobiography
terceira slaba soa como by, o i como /a/
chapter pronunciam-se duas slabas; a primeira a tnica: CHAPter, o ch como //
pronunciam-se duas slabas; a segunda a tnica: aSSUME; na pronncia mais comum o u soa /ju:/,
assume
mas a forma /u:/ tambm possvel
control ao contrrio da forma vulgarizada entre ns, a ltima slaba a tnica: conTROL, rimando com patrol
fault rima com malt ou com salt
pronunciam-se quatro slabas; a segunda a tnica: iMMEdiately, que soa como (a forma forte do
immediately
pronome) me; o e soa /i:/; o segundo e no pronunciado
Manual do Professor 25
26 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 27
Apresentamos a seguir textos autnticos de diferentes gneros, acompanhados de questes de compreenso, que
podem ser reproduzidos e utilizados como atividades adicionais para o desenvolvimento da habilidade de leitura. As
respostas dos exerccios encontram-se aps o ltimo texto.
28 Manual do Professor
2. In and drawing a big circle around the small one, the word one was used instead of .
a. man d. Indian
b. sand e. white man
c. circle
3. The red mans answer showed he had more than the white man.
a. knowledge d. wisdom
b. land e. rings
c. circles
Mark t (for true) or F (for false) according to the story above. Correct the false statements.
1. George Bernard Shaw wrote plays.
2. Shaw was from Ireland.
3. The Irish playwright was sometimes sarcastic.
4. Shaw and Churchill did not know each other.
5. Shaw sent only one ticket to Churchill.
6. Shaw told Churchill he was allowed to bring a friend to the play in case he had a friend.
7. Winston Churchill was an old man at that time.
8. Churchills reply was clever and funny at the same time.
* Tit for tat is an expression that corresponds to pagar na mesma moeda, something you do to harm someone that has
harmed you.
Manual do Professor 29
Complete the questions with a question word, as required. Choose from the box.
30 Manual do Professor
2. Answer in English.
i. What did somebody ask Agatha Christie on her return from the Middle East?
Manual do Professor 31
2. A large number of Agatha Christies books and plays did very well .
a. but only in England.
b. but not in England.
c. especially in the Middle East.
d. all over the world.
e. but only in London.
3. In 1952 .
a. they played The Mousetrap for the last time
b. Elizabeth II ascended to the throne
c. Agatha Christie wrote her most famous play, The Mousetrap
d. they opened a London theater with The Mousetrap
e. Queen Elizabeth II saw the premiere of that play
5. According to Agatha Christie, its good for a woman to marry an archeologist, because grows with age.
a. his interest in himself
b. her interest in him
c. their interest in each other
d. his interest in her
e. her interest in antiquities
the stronger the more the faster the taller the older
32 Manual do Professor
Unit 1
Paragraphs
A palavra paragraph tem origem em uma palavra gre-
O ciclo do carbono ga que significa escrever ao lado. Os gregos usavam essa
O carbono, em suas diversas formas, segue um ciclo palavra para se referir a um smbolo desenhado do lado
entre o ar, a terra e os oceanos em processos complexos. de um texto e marcar o incio de uma nova ideia ou tpico.
A leitura de um texto escrito facilitada pela diviso em
Por exemplo, as plantas absorvem dixido de carbono (CO2)
da atmosfera para o seu crescimento e depois devolvem
1 CRySTAL, D. English Worldwide. In: HOGG, R. and DENISON, D.
parte dele atmosfera em um processo chamado respira- (Ed.) A History of the English Language. Cambridge: CUP, 2006.
o. O dixido de carbono tambm permutado entre a p. 420-439.
Manual do Professor 33
34 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 35
Unit 6
A polmica
Alberto Santos-Dumont considerado o pai da aviao Music
e um dos heris da histria do Brasil. Fora do Brasil, no
O substantivo music no contvel em ingls: Music
entanto, principalmente nos Estados Unidos, as honras
is the speech of angels. No se pode dizer a music e
do pioneirismo da aviao vo para os irmos norte-ame-
no existe forma plural para essa palavra. Para falar de
ricanos Orville e Wilbur Wright. Trs anos antes do voo
uma msica especfica, diz-se a piece of music:
do 14-Bis, os dois irmos fizeram o primeiro voo, com um
Mozarts Serenata K525 is a lovely piece of music (e no
aeroplano construdo por eles, chamado Flyer. O voo foi
a lovely music). Mozart wrote over 600 pieces of music.
realizado sem testemunhas e em condies um tanto es-
Tratando-se de uma cano, diz-se a song.
peciais, em 17 de dezembro de 1903, em Kitty Hawk, uma
praia isolada e deserta da Carolina do Norte. O Flyer foi
catapultado do alto de um morro e desceu 260 metros He, She, or They
durante 59 segundos. O anncio dessa proeza foi feito Muitas pessoas no gostam de usar o pronome he em
pelos dois irmos na poca, mas a primeira fotografia s sentido genrico, pois metade da populao she e no
apareceu cinco anos depois. Em 1906, Santos-Dumont he. Por isso, he e suas outras formas him, his devem
decolou o 14-Bis, voou por 220 metros, a 6 metros do solo ser evitadas em frases como Any student who hands in
e pousou diante de uma multido no campo de Bagatelle his paper early will get extra credit. Para evitar esse
em Paris. Pela primeira vez, as pessoas assistiam deco- problema, deve-se escrever no plural: Students who hand
lagem de um veculo mais pesado do que o ar, ao deslo- in their papers early will get extra credit.
camento no ar e ao pouso de forma controlada.
Salzburgo
Language Notes Salzburgo, cidade natal de Mozart, encravada nas
A maioria dos verbos em ingls tem o passado e o par- montanhas do sul da ustria, famosa tambm pelo fes-
ticpio de forma regular, pelo acrscimo de -ed, ou sim- tival de msica e teatro, realizado em julho. A cidade e a
plesmente -d, sua forma bsica. Exemplos: finish regio foram popularizadas pela histria da famlia Von
finished finished; race raced raced. Trapp, adaptada para o musical da Broadway The Sound
A pronncia do -ed em verbos no passado ou no par- of Music e depois pelo filme homnimo, que no Brasil
ticpio em ingls varia: recebeu o ttulo de A novia rebelde.
36 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 37
I am your father and I am telling you, once and for Play more games and read more books than you did
all: You must stop hanging out with that kind of last year.
people. Try to make at least three people smile each day.
38 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 39
40 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 41
42 Manual do Professor
A banana deve ser uma das frutas mais populares do Caro Doc,
mundo, mas algumas pessoas dizem que no boa para a Eu sei que estou gordo demais e preciso fazer alguma
sade. Isso no pode ser verdade. Cientificamente isso no coisa para resolver isso. Realmente eu tenho de perder peso,
verdade. De fato, as bananas contm trs acares naturais e rpido. O problema que nenhuma dieta intensiva parece
sucrose, frutose e glicose, combinados com fibra, e eles funcionar comigo. Eu posso perder um pouquinho de peso
do a voc um aumento de energia instantneo, sustentado no incio, posso at perder algumas libras nas primeiras se-
e substancial. Mas no s pela energia que a banana pode manas, mas a eu vejo um pacote de batatas fritas ou um
nos ajudar a ficar em forma. Ela pode tambm ajudar a su- sorvete de creme Sei que no posso comer essas coisas,
perar ou impedir um grande nmero de doenas, fazendo mas simplesmente no consigo resistir tentao. Por isso,
com que seja uma necessidade na nossa dieta diria. alguns meses depois de iniciar uma nova dieta intensiva, es-
Anemia: Com alto teor de ferro, as bananas podem esti- tou mais gordo do que antes. Meus amigos dizem que no
mular a produo de hemoglobina no sangue e por isso aju- devo me desesperar, mas tenho dezesseis anos e peso 186
dar em casos de anemia. libras. O que devo fazer?
Billy Desesperado
Presso arterial: A banana tem teor de potssio extre-
Orlando, Flrida
mamente alto, mas baixo teor de sal, portanto elas podem
reduzir o risco de problemas de presso arterial. Caro Billy,
Poder do crebro: As pesquisas mostram que as bananas Em primeiro lugar, no se desespere. Voc pode perder
podem ajudar o aprendizado tornando os estudantes mais peso. Todo mundo pode. E no tem de passar fome para
interessados e alertas. conseguir isso. No necessrio.
Priso de ventre: Se voc sofre de constipao, voc Veja, quando voc priva o corpo de quantidade suficien-
deve beber muita gua e incluir bananas na dieta, porque te de calorias, ele perde peso no incio mas dentro de al-
elas tm alto teor de fibras. gumas semanas o seu metabolismo desacelera, para
conservar energia. Pior, ele comea a acumular gordura.
Depresso: A banana contm triptofano, um tipo de
Ento, quando voc para de fazer dieta e volta a comer nor-
protena que o corpo converte em serotonina, conhecida
malmente, o seu novo e mais lento metabolismo muito
por fazer voc relaxar, melhorar o seu humor e em geral fa-
mais eficiente na converso de comida em gordura. E o cor-
zer voc mais feliz.
po acrescenta ao seu peso original umas librazinhas extras
Nervos: A banana tem muita vitamina B, que ajuda a como seguro contra a prxima poca de fome. Cada
acalmar o sistema nervoso. vez que voc faz dieta, esse ciclo se torna mais eficiente.
Estresse: O potssio um mineral vital, que ajuda a nor- A nica forma de perder peso sem causar essa reao
malizar os batimentos cardacos, manda oxignio para o contra a fome que o seu corpo arma fazer isso aos poucos.
crebro e regula o equilbrio da gua no seu corpo. Quando A sua meta deve ser fazer com que o seu corpo queime as
estamos estressados, o nosso ritmo metablico sobe, redu- suas preciosas reservas de gordura. Mas isso tem de aconte-
zindo os nveis de potssio. Estes podem ser reequilibrados
cer pouco a pouco.
com a ajuda de uma banana, rica em potssio.
O que voc deve fazer o seguinte: Evite comidas que se-
Picadas de mosquito: Antes de procurar a pomada con-
jam ricas em gordura e calorias. Em vez disso, voc deve co-
tra picada de insetos, experimente esfregar a rea afetada
mer muita fruta e verdura. Deve tambm aumentar sua
com a parte interna da casca da banana.
atividade fsica, como nadar ou se exercitar numa academia.
Quando voc compara uma banana a uma ma, ela tem Ou fazer exerccios ao ar livre: correr, andar de bicicleta, at
quatro vezes mais protena, duas vezes mais carboidrato, mesmo andar. Caminhar um quilmetro a mais todos os dias
trs vezes mais fsforo, cinco vezes mais vitamina A e ferro, vai ajudar. O ar puro bom no apenas para o corpo, mas tam-
e o dobro das outras vitaminas e minerais. Talvez devsse- bm para a alma. Voc pratica algum esporte? Ingresse em um
mos mudar aquela frase conhecida de modo a dizer Uma clube ou uma associao esportiva, como de basquete ou tnis.
banana por dia mantm o mdico longe! Voc deve reduzir o tempo que gasta assistindo a programas de
P.S. As bananas devem ser a razo de os macacos esta- televiso. E Billy, fique longe daquelas batatinhas!
rem sempre to felizes! Doc
Manual do Professor 43
Para o aluno
Learn English
BRODy, D. E.; BRODy, A. R. As sete maiores www.learnenglish.org.uk
descobertas cientcas da Histria. So Paulo:
Companhia de Bolso, 1997. Portal que d acesso a todos os sites do Conselho
Britnico (British Council) para professores e
DAWKINS, Richard. Te Magic of Reality. Illustrated by alunos de ingls. Selecionando Central no menu,
Dave McKean. New york: Free Press, 2011. pode-se navegar por temas variados, habilidades
EINSTEIN, A. Como vejo o mundo. So Paulo: Saraiva lingusticas (listening, reading, writing), prtica de
de Bolso, 2011. gramtica ou vocabulrio, testes on-line para avaliar
a proficincia em diferentes reas da lngua inglesa
GOMBRICH, E. H. A Little History of the World. New e contedos para diverso (como jogos e cartuns).
Haven/London: yale University Press, 2008. A partir do link General Themes, por exemplo,
possvel acessar uma extensa listagem de temas.
MARTINEZ, R. O ingls que voc nem imagina que
Para cada tema selecionado, uma grande variedade
sabe. Rio de Janeiro: Campus, 2003.
de contedos apresentada no prprio site: uma
OXFORD UNIVERSITy PRESS DO BRASIL. Recycling. relao de textos de diferentes tipos (artigos de
So Paulo, [s.d.]. (Coleo Oxford Bookworms Factfiles revista, histrias, poemas, cartuns, curiosidades), o
Readers, Stage 3.) udio desses textos, atividades on-line (exerccios
on-line de compreenso dos textos disponveis,
ROACH, M. Prxima Parada: Marte. So Paulo: Editora
jogos de palavras, enquetes), links para sites e temas
Paralela, 2013.
relacionados. Os exerccios on-line de compreenso
ROHTER, Larry. Brasil Em Alta: a histria de um pas dos textos disponveis podem ser acessados a partir
transformado. So Paulo: Gerao Editorial, 2012. da pgina de cada texto e oferecem ao usurio
feedback automtico imediato sobre as respostas
SAGAN, Carl. Bilhes e Bilhes: reexes sobre vida e
dadas aos exerccios.
morte na virada do milnio. So Paulo: Companhia das
Letras, 1997.
Activities for ESL Students
SOUZA, S. Meu planeta, minha casa. So Paulo: Escala,
2008. http://a4esl.org
Traz testes, exerccios e quebra-cabeas nas reas de
Para o aluno e para o professor gramtica e vocabulrio, organizados por nvel de
dificuldade e/ou assunto e com acesso s respostas
corretas.
English Trails
EnglishClub.com
http://ead1.unicamp.br/readweb/englishtrails
www.englishclub.com
Projeto do Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem (IEL) da
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), English Site com contedo extenso. rea para alunos,
Trails lista e descreve brevemente sites que oferecem a professores, escolas etc. Na parte destinada aos alunos,
44 Manual do Professor
www.holidays.net
One Stop English
O site oferece informaes sobre celebraes e
festividades ao redor do mundo, dando acesso a www.onestopenglish.com
interessantes dados culturais.
Site que interessa a alunos e professores de ingls.
Para os alunos o site oferece artigos, arquivos de udio
Online Newspapers e muitos outros recursos, incluindo os que visam ao
www.onlinenewspapers.com desenvolvimento do letramento digital, por meio de
atividades de excelente qualidade educacional, Para o
Portal que d acesso a jornais de todo o mundo, em professor de ingls, o site oferece uma vasta gama de
diferentes lnguas, incluindo a lngua inglesa, sendo, recursos teis para a prtica pedaggica.
portanto, uma fonte de textos autnticos com temas
atuais. Pode ser usado para pesquisa e prtica adicional
da leitura pelo aluno ou como fonte de textos a partir Internet Picture Dictionary
dos quais o professor poder elaborar atividades de www.pdictionary.com
compreenso de texto.
Dicionrio monolngue ilustrado de uso extremamente
fcil. A consulta pode ser feita pela letra inicial do
About.com verbete (Browse by letter) ou por assunto (Browse by
category). As imagens apresentadas so pequenas, mas
www.about.com
podem servir para ilustrar uma atividade pedaggica.
Trata-se de um portal que rene textos diversicados Para capturar uma imagem qualquer, basta clicar
(tais como artigos, receitas, quizzes, tutoriais etc.) sobre ela com o boto direito do mouse, selecionar
elaborados em ingls por centenas de especialistas. a opo Salvar gura como e escolher uma pasta
Manual do Professor 45
Site do conhecido dicionrio monolngue (ingls- MIKULECKT, B.; JEFFRIES, L. More Reading Power.
-ingls) de sinnimos e antnimos. Para fazer uma New york: Longman, Pearson Education, 2003.
consulta, digite um vocbulo no campo da parte Esse livro proporciona aos professores uma excelente
superior e clique no boto OK ou ento apenas clique fonte de apoio atividade de leitura, com foco em
na letra inicial do vocbulo na parte inferior da pgina. atividades que direcionam a ateno do aluno para
Ainda que seu uso exija um conhecimento maior da o seu prprio processo de leitura, estimulando-o a
lngua inglesa, ele pode ser apresentado aos alunos adquirir novas estratgias de leitura e aumentando seu
como uma ferramenta til. vocabulrio.
46 Manual do Professor
Manual do Professor 47
48 Manual do Professor