QUESTION BANK

UNIT-1: INTRODUCTION

1. Define : a) Link b) Mechanism c) Machine d) Kinematic pair e) Kinematic chain

f) Structure g) Degrees of freedom h) Mobility i) Inversion of Mechanism.
2. Differentiate between: a) Constrained motion and Un-constrained motion.
b) Machine and Mechanism
c) Machine and Structure
d) Higher pair and lower pair
e) Degree of freedom and Mobility of Mechanism
3. State : a) Grublers Criterion b) Grashofs Law c) Kutzbach Criterion
4. Find the DOF of a four bar chain and slider crank chain.
5. Sketch and explain the a) Four bar chain or quadric cycle chain b) Single slider crank chain.
6. Explain with neat sketch the following:
a) Beam Engine(Crank and Lever mechanism)
b) Watts indicator mechanism( Double lever mechanism)
c) Coupling rod of a locomotive (Double crank mechanism or drag crank mechanism)
d) Pendulum Pump or Bull Engine
e) Oscillating cylinder engine
f) Gnome engine or rotary internal combustion Engine
g) Crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanism
h) Whitworth quick return motion mechanism
i) Scotch yoke mechanism
j) Oldhams coupling
7. Sketch and explain the working of an elliptical trammel. Prove that it traces an ellipse.

UNIT-1: MECHANISMS
1. Explain the Pantograph mechanism, with a neat sketch. State its application.
2. Explain with a neat sketch, Geneva wheel mechanism.
3. Derive the expression for necessary condition of correct steering. Explain with a neat sketch,
the Ackerman steering gear mechanism.
4. Define exact straight line motion.
5. Explain the following straight line mechanisms with neat sketches:
a) Paucellier Mechanism
b) Roberts Mechanism
c) Ratchet Mechanism
d) Toggle Mechanism.
6. For the mechanism shown in figure link 2 rotates at constant angular velocity of 1 rad/sec
construct the velocity polygon and determine.
i) Velocity of point D.
ii) Angular velocity of link BD.
iii) Velocity of slider C.

UNIT-2: VELOCITY & ACCELERATION ANALYSIS OF MECHANISMS

1. How are the links in a mechanism connected? Define rubbing velocity. What will be the
rubbing velocity at pin joint when the two links move in the same and opposite direction?
2. Explain how the Coriolis component of acceleration arises when a point is rotating about some
other fixed point and at the same time its distance from the fixed point varies.
3. Derive an expression for the magnitude and direction of Coriolis component of acceleration. In
which cases does it occur?
4. State and explain angular velocity ratio theorem as applicable to mechanisms.
5. What are centripetal and tangential components of acceleration? When do they occur? How
are they determined?
6. A four bar chain of links PQ, QR and RS are 62.5mm, 175mm and 120mm long respectively,
the link PS of chain PQRS is fixed and having length of 200mm. The link PQ makes an angle
of 60 with PS and rotates at 10rad/sec clockwise. Determine:
(i) Angular Velocity of links QR and RS
(ii) Angular Acceleration of link QR and RS.
7. For the mechanism shown below, the crank OA rotates at 20rpm anticlockwise and gives a
motion to the sliding blocks B and D. The dimensions of various links are OA=300mm;
AB=1200mm; BC=450mm and CD=450mm. For the given configuration, determine:
(i) Velocity of Sliding at B and D
(ii) Angular velocity of CD
(iii) Linear Acceleration of D.

8. A single slider crank mechanism shown in Figure below, has the crank CB=100 mm and
connecting rod BA=300 mm, with centre of gravity G 100mm from B. The crank shaft has a

speed of 75 rad/sec and an angular acceleration of 1200rad/sec2. Find

(i) The velocity of G and the angular velocity of AB.
(ii) The acceleration of G and the angular acceleration of AB.
9. In Figure given below, the angular velocity of crank OA is 600rpm. Determine the linear
velocity of the slider D and the angular velocity of the link BD, when the crank is inclined at
an angle of 75 to the vertical. The dimensions of various links are: OA=28mm; AB=44mm;
BC=49mm; and BD=46mm. The centre distance between the centres of rotation O and C is
65mm. The path of travel of the slider is 11mm below the fixed point C. The slider moves
along a horizontal path and OC is vertical.

10. The crank and connecting of a theoretical steam engine are 0.5m and 2m long respectively.
The crank makes 180rpm in the clockwise direction. When it has turned 45 from the inner
dead centre position, determine:
(i) velocity of piston (ii) angular velocity of connecting rod

(iii) velocity of point E on the connecting rod 1.5m from the gudgeon pin

(iv) velocity of rubbing at the pins of the crank shaft, crank, and crosshead when the
diameters of their pins are 50mm, 60mm and 30mm respectively

(v) position and linear velocity of any point G on the connecting rod which has the least
velocity relative to the crank shaft.

11. In a toggle mechanism shown in figure the crank OA rotates at 210rpm CCW increasing at
the rate of 60 rad/s2.

Find : (i) Velocity of slider D and angular velocity of link BD. (ii) Acceleration of
slider D and angular acceleration of link BD.
 UNIT-1: VELOCITY ANALYSIS BY INSTANTANEOUS METHOD
1. a) Define instantaneous centre. What are the properties of instantaneous centre?
b) Explain the 3 types of instantaneous centre for a mechanism with the help of a diagram.
2. State and prove Kennedys theorem of Instantaneous centre.
3. Explain the procedure for velocity and acceleration of the piston in a reciprocating engine
mechanism.
4. Explain the procedure to construct Kleins construction to determine the velocity and
acceleration of a slider crank mechanism.
5. In a pin jointed four bar mechanism, as shown in figure below, AB=300mm,BC=CD=360mm,
and AD=600mm. The angle BAD=60. The crank AB rotates uniformly at 100rpm. Locate all the
instantaneous centres and find the angular velocity of the link BC.
6. The mechanism of a wrapping machine as shown in the following figure, have the following
dimensions:
O1A=100mm; AC=700mm; BC=200mm; O3C=200mm; O2E=400mm; O2D=200mm and
BD=150mm.
The crank O1A rotates at a uniform speed of 100rad/sec. Find the velocity of the point E of the
bell crank lever by instantaneous centre method.

7. In a reciprocating engine the length of crank is 250mm and length of connecting rod is
1000mm. The crank rotates with a uniform speed of 300rpm. Determine the velocity and
acceleration of piston, when the crank is 30 from inner dead centre, use Kleins construction.
8. Locate all the instantaneous centres for the following mechanisms :-

9. The crank of an engine 250mm long rotates at a uniform speed of 240rpm. The ratio of
connecting rod length to crank radius is 4. Determine the : (a) acceleration of the piston,
(b) angular acceleration of the rod, and (c) acceleration of a point X on the connecting rod at
1/3rd length from crank pin. The crank position is 30 from the inner dead centre.
UNIT-2: VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION ANALYSIS OF
MECHANISMS(Analytical Method)

1. The crank of a reciprocating engine is 90mm long, the connecting rod is 360mm long and the
crank rotates at 150rpm clockwise. Find the velocity and acceleration of the piston and the
angular velocity and the angular acceleration of the connecting rod when the angle which the
crank makes with the inner dead centre is 30. Solve the problem through complex algebra.
2. A crank of an engine is 20mm long and the ratio of connecting rod length to crank radius is 4.
Determine the acceleration of the piston when the crank has turned through 45 from the inner
dead centre position and moving at 240 rpm by complex algebra method.
3. Enumerate the analytical analysis of a slider crank mechanism.
4. Discuss the velocity analysis (analytical) of a four bar mechanism.
5. The crank of an engine 250mm long rotates at a uniform speed of 240rpm. The ratio of
connecting rod length to crank radius is 4. Calculate analytically the acceleration of the piston
and the angular acceleration of rod.
UNIT-4: SPUR GEARS
1. State and prove the law of gearing. Show that involute profile satisfies the condition for
correct gearing.
2. Define the terms used in gears with the help of a suitable diagram.
3. State the characteristics of involute action.
4. Derive an expression for length of path of contact, length of arc of a contact and contact ratio
for a pair of involute gears in contact.
5. Define : a) Contact ratio b) Interference c) Backlash
6. What are the methods of avoiding interference?
7. Prove that for two involute gears wheels in mesh, the angular velocity ratio does not change if
the centre distance is increased within limits, but the pressure angle increases.
8. Compare between involute and cycloidal gears.
9. A pinion having 30 teeth drives a gear having 80 teeth. The profile of the gears is involute
with 20 pressure angle, 12mm module and 10mm addendum. Find the length of the path of
contact, arc of contact and the contact ratio.
10. Two involute gears of 20 pressure angle are in mesh. The number of teeth on pinion is 20
and the gear ratio is 2. If the pitch expressed in module is 5mm and the pitch line speed is
1.2m/s, assuming addendum as standard and equal to one module, find :
(i) the angle turned through by pinion when one pair of teeth is in mesh; and
(ii) the maximum velocity of sliding.
 UNIT-4: GEAR TRAINS
1. Explain different types of gear trains with neat sketches.
2. Following figure shows an epicyclic gear train where the arm A the driver and annular gear D
is the follower. The wheel D has 112 teeth and B has 48 teeth. B runs freely on pin P and D is
separately driven. The arm A runs at 100rpm and wheel D at 50rpm in same direction. Find

the speed of wheel B and C.

3. An epicyclic gear train consists of 3 gears 1, 2 and 3 as shown in the figure below, the internal
gear has 72 teeth and gear 3 has 32 teeth. The gear 2 meshes with both gear 1 and 3 and is carried
on arm A which rotates about centre O2 at 20rpm. If the gear 1 is fixed, determine the speed of
gears 2 and 3.

4. Figure below shows an epicyclic gear train in which the driving gear A has 20 teeth , the fixed
annular gear C has 150 teeth and the ratio of teeth in gears D and E is 21:50. If 2KW of power
at a speed of 800 rpm is supplied to gear A, determine the speed and the direction of rotation
of gear E. Also find the fixing torque required at the gear C.
5. An epicyclic rain of gears is arranged as shown in the figure below. How many revolutions has
the arm
to which pinions B and C are attached make:
a) When A makes one revolution clockwise and D makes half a revolution anticlockwise and
b) When A makes one revolution clockwise and d is stationary.
The number of teeth on the gears A and D are 40 and 90 respectively.

6. In an epicyclic gear train, the inernal wheels A and B and compound wheels C and D rotate
independently about axis O. The wheels E and F rotate on fixed pins fixed to the arm G. E
gears with A and C and F gears with B and D. All the wheels have the same module and the
number of teeth are TC = 28, TD = 26, TE =TF = 18.
a) Sketch the arrangement.
b) Find the no of teeth on A and B.
c) If the arm G makes 100 rpm clockwise and A is fixed, find the speed of B; and
d) If the arm G makes 100 rpm clockwise and wheel A makes 10 rpm Counterclockwise, find
the speed of wheel B.
7. The annulus A in the gear shown in Figure, rotates at 300rpm about the axis of the fixed
wheel S which has 80 teeth. The three armed spider is driven at 180rpm. Determine the
number of teeth required on the wheel P.
8. In an epicylic gear of the sun and planet type shown in the figure below, the pitch circle
diameter of the internally toothed ring is to be 224mm and the module 4mm. When the ring D
is stationary, The spider A, which carries three planet wheels C of equal size, is to make one
revolution in the same sense as the sunwheel B for every five revolutions of the driving
spindle carrying the sunwheel B. Determine suitable number teeth for all the wheels.

9. In an epicyclic gear train, the internal wheels A and B and compound wheels C and D
rotate independently about axis O. The wheels E and F rotate on pins fixed to the arm G. E
gears with A and C and F gears with B and D. All the wheels have the same module and the
numbers of teeth are: TC=28; TD=26; TE=TF=18.
(i) Sketch the arrangement; (ii) Find the number of teeth on A and B; (iii) if the arm G makes
100rpm clockwise and A is fixed, find the speed of B; and (iv) if the arm G makes 100rpm
clockwise and wheel A makes 10rpm counterclockwise: find the speed of wheel B.
10. The gearing of a machine tool is shown in Fig. . The motor shaft is connected to gear A
and rotates at 975rpm. The gear wheels B, C, D and E are fixed to parallel shafts rotating
together. The final gear F is fixed on the output shaft. What is the speed of gear F? The
number of teeth on each gear is: TA=20; TB=50; TC=25; TD=75; TE=26; TF=65.
 UNIT-3: CAMS

1. The following data rotate to a cam profile in which the roller follower moves with uniform
acceleration motion during ascent and descent.
Minimum radius of cam = 255mm; Roller radius=8mm;lift=32mm; Offset of follower
axis=12mm towards right; Angle of ascent=60; Angle of descent=45; speed of cam=200rpm
clockwise. Draw the profile of the cam.
2. Draw the profile of a cam operating a roller reciprocating follower and with following data:
Minimum radius of cam=25mm; Lift=30mm; Roller Diameter=15mm. he cam lifts the
follower for 120 with SHM followed by a dwell period of 30. Then the follower lowers
down during 150 of cam rotation with uniform acceleration and deceleration followed by
dwell period. If the cam rotates at uniform speed of 150rpm, calculate maximum velocity and
acceleration of the follower during the descent period.
3. State the types of cams.
4. Define the terms used in a cam and follower with the help opf a neat sketch.
5. State the types of followers.
6. A cam is to give the following motion to a knife edged follower:-
i) Outstroke during 60 of cam rotation.
ii) Dwell for the next 30 of cam rotation
iii) Return stroke during next 60 of cam rotation
iv) Dwell for the remaining 210 of cam rotation
The stroke of the follower is 40mm and the minimum radius of the cam is 50mm. The
follower moves with uniform velocity during both the outstroke and return strokes.Draw he
profile of the cam when(a) the axis of the follower passes through the axis of the cam shaft (b)
the axis of the follower is offset by 20mm from the axis of the cam shaft.
7. A cam drives a flat reciprocating follower in the following manner:
During first 120 rotation of the cam, follower moves outwards through a distance of 20mm
with simple harmonic motion. The follower dwells during the next 30 of cam rotation., the
follower moves inwards with simple harmonic motion. The follower dwells for the next 90 of
cam rotation. The minimum radius of the cam is 25mm. Draw the profile of the cam.
8. Draw a cam profile to drive an oscillating roller follower to the specifications given below:-
(a) Follower to move outwards through an angular displacement of 20 during the first 120
rotation of the cam.
(b) Follower to return to its initial position during next 120 rotation of the cam.
(c) Follower to dwell during the next 120 of the cam rotation. The distance between pivot
centre and roller centre = 120 mm. The distance between pivot centre and cam axis = 130 mm.
Minimum radius of cam=40mm, Radius of roller=10mm. Inward and outward strokes take
place with simple harmonic motion.
9. Deduce expressions for the velocity and acceleration of the follower when it moves with
simple harmonic motion.
10. A cam with a minimum radius of 25mm is to be designed for a knife-edge follower with the
following data:
* To raise the follower through 35mm during 60 rotation of the cam
* Dwell for next 40 of the cam rotation
* Descending of the follower during the next 90 of the cam rotation
* Dwell during the rest of the cam rotation
Draw the profile of the cam if the ascending and descending of the cam is with SHM and the
line of the stroke of the follower is offset 10mm from the axis of the cam shaft.
What is the maximum velocity and acceleration of the follower during the ascent and descent
if the cam rotates at 150mm?