Jet Pumping Oil Wells, Guiberson, WO, 1983 & 1984, 18 Pgs

Guiberson
Guiberson
Jet
Jet Pumping
Pumping Oil
Oil Wells
Wells
A
A series
series of three articles
of three articles which
which appeared
appeared in
in World Oil magaZine
World Oil magazine
in November
in November 1983,
1983, December
December 1983,
1983, and January 1984.
and January 1984.
PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using a watermarked evaluation copy of CVISION PDFCompressor
Production '83
Production '83
Part 1-Design
Part 1Design theory,
theory,hardware
hardware options
op
and application
and application considerations
considerations
Jet pumping
Jet pumping oil
oil wells
we
H. l.L. Petrie,
H. Petrie, Manager,
Manager, Advanced
Advanced Systems Engineering. Na-
Systems Engineering, ::\a-
tional Supply
tional Co., Los
Supply Co., Los Nietos,
Nietos, Calil,
Calif., P.P.M.
M. Wilson,
Wilson, Applica-
Applica-
tion Engineer,
tion Engineer, Kobe,
Kobe, Inc.,
Inc., Huntington
Huntington Park,Park. Calif.,
Calif. and
and E.E.
E. Smart,
E. Smart, Technical
Technical Service
Service Engineer,
Engineer, Guiberson
Guiberson Div..
Diy .. I I \.ff;.I I Pt,wer fluId
Power fluid
Dresser Industries,
Dresser Industries, Inc.,
Inc., Dallas,
Dallas, Tex.
Tex.
Pump tubing
Pump tubing
Casin9
Casing
Nozzle
HYDRAULICPUMPING
HYDRAULIC PUMPING SYSTDIS
SYSTEMS for for
artificial
artificialliftliftconsist
consist of
of a
Throat
fluid
fluid reservoir
reservoir on on the
the surface,
surface, aa high
high pressure
pressure surface
surface pump pump Throat
io
to transmit
transmit thethe fluid
fluid downhole
downhole and and aa downhole
downhole pump pump driven
driven
by the
by the high
high pressure
pressure fluid.
fluid. The
The power
power fluid
fluid andand produced
produced
fluid
fluid bolli
both flow
flow to to the
the surface
surface afterafter passing
passing throughthrough tise the Diffuser
downhole unit.
downhole unit. Conventional
Conventional downhole
downhole pumps pumps have have been
been of of
the
the positive displacement type,
positive displacement type, employing
employing reciprocating
reciprocating pis- pis-
tons.
tons. Eut
But inin the
the last
last 1010years,
years, systems
systems usingusing downhole
downhole jet jet
pumps
pumps havehave been
been widely
widely employed.
employed.
A
A typical downhole jet
typical downhole jet pump
pump is is shown
shown in in Fig.
Fig.!.1. Having
Having no no
moving parts,jet
moving parts, jet pumps
pumps are are rugged
rugged and and tolerant
tolerant of of corro-
corro-
sive and abrasive
sive and abrasive wellwellfluids.
fluids. They
They are are compact
compact and and adapta-
adapta-
ble
ble to
to all existing hydraulic
all existing hydraulic pumppump bottomhole
bottomhole assemblies.
assemblies. Jet Jet
pumps
pumps have have high
high volume
volume capabilities
capabilities and and handle
handle free free -gas
"gas
nell,
well, but
but they
they typically require higher
typically require higher pumppump intake
intake pressures
pressures
than
than conventional
conventional pumpspumps to to avoid
avoid cavitation.
cavitation. Also,
Also, theirtheir effi-
effi- Combined fluid return
ciency
ciency isis lower
lower than
than that
that ofof positive displacement equipment,
positive displacement equipment,
leading
leading to to higher
higher surface
surface horsepower
horsepower requirements.
requirements. It It has
has
been
been observed,
observed, however,
however, thai that in
in some
some wells
wells with
with substantial
substantial
gas
gas production,
production, they they may
may actually
actually require
require lessless power.
power.
Application
Application considerations
considerations
As
As a type
type of dynamic
dynamic pump,
pump, jet pumps
pumps have have characteristic
characteristic Fig. 1Typica
Fig. 1- Typicalsing'e
singleseal
sealdownhole
downhole jet
jet pump.
pump.
performance
performance curves curves similar
similar toto electric
electric submersible
submersible pumps. pumps.
An example
example is shown
shown inin Fig.
Fig. 2.
2. Note
Note that
that an infinite
infinite family
family of
curves
curves is possible, depending upon
possible, depending upon nozzLe
nozzle pressure.
pressure. Differ-
Differ- generally
generally are are fairly
fairly flat,
flat, especially with the
especially with the larger
larger throats,
throats,
ent
ent sizes
sizes ofof throats
throats used
used inin conjunction
conjunction with with aagiven
given nozzle
nozzle making
making the jet pump
the jet pump sensitive
sensitive to to changes
changes in in intake
intake oror dis-
dis-
give different performance
give different performance curves.
curves. If the
the nozzlenozzle and
and throat
throat charge
charge pressure.
pressure. Since
Since fluid
fluid densities
densities and
and viscosities
viscosities and
and the
the
areas
areas of of the
the pumps
pumps represented
represe~ted in in Fig.
Fig. 22 n'ere
were doubled,
doubled, noz-
noz- presence
presence of of gas
gas affect
affect the pressures
pressures thethe pump
pump sees,
sees,calcula-
calcula-
zle flow rate would
flow rate double and
would double and production
production rate rate would
would dou-
dou- tions
tions to
to simuLate performance are
simulate performance are compLex
complex andand iterative
iterative in
in
ble
ble forfor each value of
each value of the
the pressure
pressure rise
rise (P).
(t:!..P). The
The maximum
maximum nature,
nature, lending
lending themselves
themselves to to aa computer
computer solution.
solution.
P at zero
t:!..P zero production
production rate
rate would
would remain
remain the the same.
same. Curves
Curves Since the actual
Since the actual sizes
sizes of
of components
components and and thethe associated
associated
Reprinted
Reprinted from
from WORLD OIL,November
WORLD OIL, November1983
1983
Copyrigt1t
Copyright"' 1983
1983 by Gulf Publishing
by Gull Publishing Co..
Co . Houston.
Houston, Texas.
Texas.
All rights
rights reserved. Used with
reserved, used with permission.
permission.
performance
performance curves curves historically
historically have been proprietary
have been proprietary withwith
the
the pump
pump manufacturers,
manufacturers, itit has beendifficult
has been difficult for
for the
the pro-
pro-
duction
duction engineer
engineer to to evaluate jet pumping
evaluate jet pumping systems
systems inin design-
design-
3,800
3,600-
ing
ing artificial
artificial lift
liftsystems.
systems. However,
However, reasonable
reasonable accuracy
accuracy in in
500 psi
500 psi pump
pump suction pressure
suction pressure
a,400 ft (cavitation effects
(cavitation eflects not considered)
considered) application
application calculations
calculations cancan bebe obtained
obtained on
on hand-held
hand-held com- com-
3.200 Nozzlearea:
Nozzle area 00081
0.0081 sq
sq in.
in. puters
puters ifif the
the commercially
commercially available
available sizes and their
sizes and their perfor-
perfor-
3,000 R - 0.36 Throatareas:
Throat areas :0.0212
0.0212 sqsqin.in.(R(R == 0.38)
0.38) mance characteristics
mance characteristics are are available.
available.This
This series
seriesofof articles
articles will
will
6,000 ps 0.0441 sq in.
0.0441 sq in. (R
(R = 0.18)
0.18)
2,800
cule pressure Nozzle flow:
110w 610
:610 bpd
bpd at
at 4,000
4,000 psi
psi
address that
address need.
(hat need.
2600 Nozzle
799
799 bpd at 6000
bpd at 6,000 psi
psi
2,400
aP == Pump
llP Pumpdischarge
discharge pressure
pressure (PD) (PD)
2,200
2,000
minus pump
minus pump suction pressure (PS)
suction pressure (PS) Theory of jet
Theory of jet pumps
pumps
1,800
R 0.18 The jet punip
The jet pump (Fig. (Fig. S)3) is
is aa hydrodynamic
hydrodynamic rather rather than
than hy- hy-
l.600
1,400 H 6.000 psi drostatic type
drostatic type of of pump
pump and and operates
operatesprincipally
principally through
through mo- mo-
1,200 -
cule pressure R 0.18 mentum
mentum transfer
transfer between
between two two adjacent fluid streams.
adjacent fluid streams. HighHigh
4,000 psi pressure power fluidfluid passing
t000
nozzle pressure
pressure power passing through
through the the nozzle
nozzle hashas its
its po-
po-
800 tential
tential energy
energy (pressure energy) converted
(pressure energy) converted to to kinetic
kinetic energy
energy
600 - R=03: in aa jet
in jet ofof fluid
fluid at at high
high velocity.
velocity. Well fluid mixes
Well fluid with the
mixes with the
400 4,000 psi
nozzle pressure power
power fluid ininaa constant
constant area throat or mixing tube
area throat tube and
and mo- mo-
mentum is
mentum is transferred
transferred to to the
the well
well fluid,
fluid, causing
causing an an energy
energy
1,400
0
0
roducdon. bixi
rise in it. As
rise As the
the mixed
mixed fluids
fluids exit the throat,
throat, theythey are
are still
still at a
high velocity,
high velocity, and and thus
thus contain
contain substantial
substantial kinetickinetic energy.
energy.
'The fluids are
The fluids are slowed
slowed in in an
an expanding
expanding area diffuser that
area diffuser that
Fig. 2Example
2-Examplejetjetpump
pumpperformance
performancecurves
curvesfor
forvarious
variousthroat
throatand
and converts
converts the the remaining
remaining kinetic
kinetic energy
energy to to static
static pressure
pressure suf-suf-
nozzle areas.
nozzle areas. ficient to lift
ficient lift fluids
fluids totothe
thesurface.
surface. Design
Design variables
variables include
include
About series
About the series calculations could
calculations could bebe performed
performed only only by by thethe manufactur-
manufactur-
ers.
Although a
Although paper1 published
a paper1 published in in 1933
1933 described
described the the op-op- The growing
The growing success
success of of the
the jet
jet pump
pump as compared
compared to
eration of
eration of aa jet
jet pump
pump for for artificial
artificial lift litt of
of oil wells,
wells, thethe first
first the
the hydraulic
hydraulic piston piston pump
pump is revealed revealed in the the sales
sales of the the
prototype was
prototype was not installed
installed in an oil well well until i19702,9702. And And two
two types.
types. Jet Jet pumps
pumps are are run run inin more
more than than half
half ofof the
the
there has
there has been been very very little
little information
information published published since since current
current hydraulic
hydraulic pumping installations in
pumping installations in spite
spite of the the
then
then on on thethe practical
practical application
application of of jet pumps,
pumps, thus thus the the fact
fact that
that field
field engineers
engineers were were unable
unable to to calculate
calculate the the
importance
importance of of this
this series
series of of articles.
articles, proper pump
proper pump size. size. And
And jet jet pumping
pumping is is probably
probably never never
The simplicity
The simplicity of of a jet pump pump cannot cannot be be overempha-
overempha- considered
considered for for many
many other other wells
wells in in which
which itit would
would be be the
the
sized, and
sized, and a free free pump
pump installation
installation allows allows the the operator
operator to ideal artificial
ideal artificial lift
lift method
method since, since, until
until now,
now, the the operator
operator
remove
remove and and replace
replace a a jet
jet pump
pump using using the the existing
existing sur- sur- has been
been unable
unable to make make installation
installation designdesign calculations
calculations
face
face hydraulic
hydraulic power power fluidfluid system.
system, The The length
length of of a a jet
jet for comparison
comparison with with other
other lift lift methods.
methods.
pump
pump has has beenbeen shortened
shortened for pump-down pump-down operations operations in This
This series
series by Messrs.Messrs. Petrie, Petrie, Smart
Smart and and Wilson
Wilson pre-pre-
a TFL
TFL completion.
completion, And And since
since there there are are no moving parts, a
moving parts, senta
sents the the fundamental
fundamental equations equations used used and and outlines
outlines the
jet pump
pump will tolerate
tolerate poorer
poorer quality quality power power fluid,
fluid, tree
free gasgas step-by-step
step-by-step calculations
calculations requiredrequired to design design a a jet pump-
pump-
and
and sand
sand production
production better better than than aa hydraulic
hydraulic piston piston ing
ing installation.
installation. Of Of even
even greatergreater importance
importance is is publica-
publica-
pump.
pump. tion
tion of the the pressure
pressure loss loss coefficients
coefficients and and thethe actual
actual jetjet
Reported disadvantagesofof jet
Reported disadvantages jet pumping
pumping are are its its low
low pump
pump specifications;
specifications; that that s, is, nozzle
nozzle and and throat
throat areas
areas and and
pump
pump efficiency, cavitation in the
efficiency, cavitation the throat
throat of the the pump
pump and and area
area ratios.
ratios. The The pressure
pressure loss loss coefficient
coefficient for the nozzle nozzle
limitation
limitation in in maximum
maximum flowing flowing bottomhole
bottomhole pressure pressure and
and the the combined
combined coefficient
coefficient for for the
the throat
throat and and diffuser
diffuser
drawdown. The
drawdown. The manufacturers
manufacturers of jet jet pumps
pumps were were initially
initially (or mixing
mixing tube)tube) are are those
those empirically
empirically determined
determined by by the
the
conservative, rather
conservative, rather than optimistic, in their
than optimistic, their performance
performance manufacturers
manufacturers from from extensive
extensive lab testing testing and and confirma-
confirma-
predictions.
predictions. In In general,
general, the the jet jet pump
pump has has performed
performed far far tion
tion in in the
the field.
field. They
They can can be be used
used to to reasonably
reasonably de- de-
better
better than
than anticipated
anticipated by by these
these manufacturers.
manufacturers. How- How- scribe
scribe the the performance
performance of of the Guiberson,
Guiberson, Kobe Kobe and Na- Na-
ever, comparing
ever, comparing artificial
artificial liftlitt systems
systems on on the
the basis
basis of of effi-
effi- tional
tional Production
Production Systems Systems jet jet pumps
pumps in in their
their respective
respective
ciency alone
ciency alone will will not
not always
always result result in in the
the better
better method
method bottomhole assemblies, provided
bottomhole assemblies, provided actual actual areasareas of the the
in terms
in terms of operating
operating costs costs per per barrel
barrel of of produced
produced oil. oil. nozzle
nozzle and and throat
throat forfor a particular
particular pump pump are are usedused for for
Present
Present high high oil oil prices
prices have have changedchanged the the economics,
economics, these calculations.
these calculations,
and
and greater
greater expenditure
expenditure can can be justifiedjustified to to assure
assure con- con- This series
This series is an an outstanding
outstanding contribution
contribution to to the
the indus-
indus-
tinued
tinued operation without interruption.
operation without interruption. Also Also equipment
equipment re- re- try and
and expands
expands the the production
production engineer's
engineer's knowledge
knowledge in in
placement or
placement or repair should result
repair should result in in a a minimum
minimum of of down-
down- another
another method methodofof artificial
artificiallift-jet
liftjet pumping.
pumping. Without Without
time.
time. doubt,
doubt, it willwill assume
assume the status status of of aa classic
classic piece
piece of of work
work
In the
the past,
past, mostmost operators
operators were were not not interested
interested in in the
the and
and will
will bebe used
used forfor many
many years.years.
theory
theory of of jet
jet pump
pump operation,
operation, which which involves
involves complex
complex I O'Bricn.
O'Brien, M.
M. P.
P. and
and Guslinv.J.
Gosline,]. E.. Applicalion ufiliejes
E., "Application of the jet pump
pump to oil-well pump
woil-well pump-
equations defining
defining momentum
momentum transfer transfer and and the the related ing.:
ing;' AP!
API Third
Third Mid-Year
Mid-Year Meeting, Tulsa. (May
Meeting. Tulsa, (May 19,
19, 1933).
1933).
equations related 22 Wilson. F.M.,
Wilson, P. M...Jet free pump-A
"Jet free pompA progress
progress report
report on
ontwo
twoyears
years of field perfor-
perfor-
performance
performance of of a nozzle,
nozzle, throat
diffuser withinwithin the the mance.:'
mance," Proceedings
Proceedings of(the
the Soiahtaeseern
Southwestern Petroleum
Petroleum S/witCourse,
Short Course.(April
(April 1973),
1973), pg.
jet pump.
pump. AfterAfter all all is
is said
said and done, done, the final final coefficients
coefficients 165.
165.
for loss
loss in in the nozzle,
nozzle, throat
diffuser are are determined
determined H. W.
H. W. Winkler
WInkler
empirically
empirically from from actual
actual teststests ratherrather thanthan fromfrom theory.
theory. Ac- Ac-
curate jet
curate jet pump
pump performance
performance data data are are required
required before before
Editor's
Editor's note:
note: Dr
Dr. H.
H. W.
W.
Winkler is a professor
Winkler is professor inin the
the
reliable
reliable installation
installation design design calculations
calculations are are possible.
possible. Petroleum
Petroleum Engineering
Engineering De-
De-
Since
Since thethe manufacturers
manufacturers of of jet
jet pumping
pumping equipmentequipment con- con- partment at Texas
partment Texas Tech
Tech Uni-
Uni-
sidered their performance
sidered their performance curves curves proprietary,
proprietary, the the opera-
opera- versity,
versity, Lubbock,
Lubbock, Texas,
Texas, and
and
tor
tor could
could not design design an installation
installation in the the same
same manner
manner is known
known throughout
throughout thethe world
world
could be done
as could done for for other
other methodsmethods of of artificial lift. The
artiticial litt. The as an expert
expert on
on artificial
artificial litt.
lift.
sizesof
sizes of nozzle
nozzleand andthroat
throat and and the
the ratio
ratio of their
their flowflow areas,
areas, as as
well as component shapes,
as component shapes, angles, lengths, spacing,
angles, lengths, spacing, finishesfinishes Suction
and materials.
and materials. Assuming
Assuming that that the
the components
components have have been been opop- PS,Qs h. AM \AT
timized through
timized through testing,
testing, then then thethe flow areas and
flow areas and their
their ratios
ratios
are of
are of interest
interest for for application
application purposes.purposes. Through Through selection selection
of appropriate
of appropriate flow flow areas
areas and and ratios,
ratios, pumppump configuration
configuration Throal Diffuser
can be
can be optimized
optimized to to match
match well well conditions.
conditions. Paco
Physical nozzle
Physical nozzleand and throat
throat sizessizes determine
determine flow flow ratesrates while
while
the ratio
the their flow
ratio of their areas determines
flow areas determines the trade trade off off between
between
produced head
produced head andand flow
flow raie.rate. ForFor example,
example, ifif aa throat throat isis se- se- AS (AT-AN)
lected such
lected such that
that the
the area
area of of the nozzle
nozzle is 60% 60% of of the
the throat
throat
area, aa relatively
area, relatively high high head,
head, low low flow
flow pump pump will willresult.
result. There
There
is aa comparatively
is comparativelysmall smallarea areaaround
around the thejet
jet for
for well fluids to
well fluids to
enter, leading
enter, leading to to low
low production
production rates rates compared
compared io to thethe FIg. 3-Nomenclature
Fig. 3-Nomenclature for
for jet
jetpump
pump design
design calculations is illustrated.
calculations is illustrated.
power fluid
power fluid rate,
rate, and
and withwith the the energy
energy of of the
the nozzle
nozzle being being
transferred to
transferred to aa small
small amount
amount of of production,
production, high high headsheads willwill
be developed.
be developed. Such Such aa pumppump is is suited
suited to to deep
deep wells
wells with with highhigh
lifts.
Conversely,ififaathroat
Conversely, throat is is selected
selected such such that
that thethe area
area of the the the following
the equationscan
following equations canbebederived
derived (refer
(refer to
to Fig.
Fig. 33 and
and
nozzle isis onlyonly20%20%ofofthe thethroat
throat area,
area, moremore production the glossary
the foi' nomenclature).
glossary for nomenclature).
nozzle production flow flow
is possible,
is possible,but but since
sincethe the nozzle
nozzleenergyenergy isisbeingbeingtransferred
transferred to to Nozzle flow
Nozzle flow (bpd):
(bpd):
aa large amount of
large amount of production
production compared compared to to the
the power
power fluid fluid
rate, lower
rate, lower heads
heads willwill bebe developed
developed. .Shallow Shallow wells wells with with lowlow QN
QN 832ANqPNPS)/GN
= 832ANv(PN - PS)/GN (I)
(1)
lifts are
lifts are candidates
candidates for for such
such aa pump.pump.
Any number
Any number of of area
area combinations
combinations are are possible
possible to to match
match Dimensionless
Dimensionless area ratio:
area ratio:
different flow
different flow andand liftlift combinations.
combinations. Attempts Attempts to to produce
produce R = AN/AT
AN/AT
R = (2)
small amounts
small amounts of of well
wellfluids
fluids as ascompared
compared to to the
the power
power fluid fluid
rate with
rate with a nozzle-throat
nozzle-throat ratio ratio of of 20%20% will be inefficient
will be inefficient due Dimensionless
Dimensionless mass
mass flow
flow ratio:
ratio:
to high
to high turbulent
turbulent mixing
mixing losses losses between
between the the high
high velocity
velocity jet jet
and the
and the slow
slow moving
moving production.
production. Conversely, Conversely, attempts attempts to to M = (QSxGS)/(QNxGN)
M (QSxGS) / (QNxGN) (3)
produce at
produce at high
high rates
rates with
with aa nozzle-throat
nozzle-throat ratio ratio of of 60%60% willwill
be inefficient
be inefficient due due to high high friction
friction losseslosses as the the produced
produced Dimensionless pressure
Dimensionless pressure ratio:
ratio:
fluid moves
fluid rapidly through
moves rapidly through the the relatively
relatively small throat. Opti-
small throat. Opti-
mal ratio
ratio selection involvesaa trade-off
trade-off between
between these these mixing
mixing N (PDPS) // (PN-PD)
N = (PD-PS) (PNPD) (4)
(4)
mal selection involves
and friction losses.
and friction losses. N ={2R+[(l 2R)(M2R2) / (1R)2]
Cavitation characteristicsofofthe the pumps
pumps must must also be con- N = { 2R + [(1- 2R)(M2R2) / (1- R)2]
Cavitation characteristics
sidered. The
sidered. The throat
throat and nozzle nozzle flow flow areasareas define
define an
also be
an annular
con-
annular
(1 +KTD)R2( i + M)2} f1 + KN) - (riumerator)} (5)
- (1 + KTD)R2(1 + M)2}7 {(1 + KN) - (numerator)} (5)
flow passage
flow passageatat the the entrance
entrance of of the
the throat.
throat. The The smaller
smaller this this
area, thethe higher Efficiency:
Efficiency:
area, higher the the velocity
velocity of of aa given
given amount
amount of of produced
produced
fluid passing
fluid through it.
passing through it. The
The static
static pressure
pressure of of the the fluid
fluid EFE = NXM
EFF NxM = [(PDPS)
[(PD - PS) // (PNPD)]x
(PN - PD)] x
drops as
drops as the
the square
square of of the
the velocity
velocity increases
increases and and will reach
will reach
the vapor [(QSXGS)
[(QS x GS) // (QN
(QNxGN)]
x GN)] (6)
the vapor pressure
pressure of of the
the fluid
fluid atathigh highvelocities.
velocities. Tins This low low
pressure will
pressure cause vapor
will cause vapor cavities
cavities to to form,
form, aa process
process called called Cavitation
Cavitation area,
area, sq
sq in.:
in.:
cavitation. This
cavitation. This results
results in in choked
choked flow flowinto into the
the throat,
throat, and and no no
more production
more production is is possible
possible at at that
that pumppump intakeintake pressure,
pressure, ASM = (ATAN)
ASM (AT - AN) = QS/691VGS
QS/691VPS/GS (7)
(7)
even ifif the
even the power
power fluid
fluid raterate andand pressure
pressure are are increased.
increased. Sub- Sub-
sequent collapse
sequent collapse of of the
the vapor
vapor cavities
cavities as as pressure
pressure is built up
is built up
in the
in the pump
pump may may cause
cause erosion
erosion known known as as cavitation
cavitation damage. damage. Nozzle
Nozzle flow flow raterate (Eq.
(Eq. i)1) can
can be be recognized
recognized as the the expres-
expres-
Thus, for
Thus, for aa given
given production
production flow flow rate rate andand pump pump intake intake sion for flow
sion for through an
flow through an orifice.
orifice. Eq. Eq. 22 defines
defines R R asas the
the ratio
ratio
pressure, there
pressure, there will
will be be aa minimum
minimum annular annular flow flow area area re- re- of
of nozzle
nozzle area
area to to throat
throat area.
area. Eq. Eq. 33 defines
defines aadimensionless
dimensionless
quired to
quired to avoid
avoid cavitation.
cavitation. mass flow coefficient
mass flow coefficientequal equaltotothe theratio
ratioofof the
the production
production or or
suction flow
suction flow raterate toto nozzle
nozzle flow
flow rate times the ratio of suction
rate times suction
gradient
gradient to to nozzle
nozzle fluid
fluid gradient.
gradient. Eq. Eq. 44 defines
defines aa dimension-
dimension-
Mathematical less
less pressure
pressure ratio. ratio. Physically,
Physically, ititisisthethe ratio
ratio ofof the
the pressure
Mathematical representation
representation rise
rise imparted
imparted to to the
the produced
produced fluid fluid ioto the
the pressure
pressure
pressure lost lost byby
Eachjet
Each jet pump
pump manufacturer
manufacturer offers
offers aa large number of
large number of noz-
noz- the
the power
power fluidfluid in in the
the pump.
pump. Eq. Eq. 55 after
after Cunningham2,
Cunningham2, isis aa
zle sizes
zle sizesand andfive
Eve oror more
more throats
throats for each
each nozzle,
nozzle, and
and since
since formulation
formulation for for the
the dimensionless
dimensionless pressurepressure of Eq. Eq. 44 inin terms
terms
there is
there is no
no standardization
standardization of of these
these sizes
sizes between
between suppliers,
suppliers, of the area
area ratio,
ratio, R,R, mass
mass flow
flow ratio,
ratio, M,
M, andand two
two loss
loss coeffi-
coeffi-
the number
the number of of possible
possible performance
performance curvescurves is is very
very large.
large. cients,
cients, KN(N andand KTD. These loss
KTD. These coefficients are
loss coefficients are experimen-
experimen-
This
This is is further
further complicated
complicated by by the
the variability
variability inin the
the perfor-
perfor- tally determined and
tally determined and are are similar
similar to orifice
orifice andand pipepipe friction
friction
mance curves
mance curves possible
possible with
with different
different nozzle
nozzle pressures.
pressures. To To loss coefficients. Eqs.
loss coefficients. Eqs. 44 andand 33 cancan bebe combined
combined to to give
give effi-
effi-
simplify this
simplify this situation,
situation, aa unifying
unifying mathematical
mathematical representa-
representa- ciency, expressed in
ciency, expressed in Eq.
Eq. 6.6. Since
Sincehydraulic
hydraulic power
power isis thethe prod-
prod-
tion is needed.
tion needed. uct
uct of pressure
pressure differential
differential times times flow
flow rate,
rate, Eq.
Eq. 6 is is inter-
inter-
As first presented
As first presented by by Gosline
Goslineand and O'Brienl
O'Brien' and
and further
further de-de- preted
preted asas the
the ratio
ratio of the the power
power added added to the produced fluid
the produced fluid
veloped by
veloped by Cunningham,2
Cunningham,2 itit is is possible
possible to
to write
write aa set
set of
of equa-
equa- io
to the
the power
power lost lost from
from the power power fluid.
fluid. Eq.Eq. 7,
7, derived
derived from from
Qons describing
describing the the performance
performance of of geometrically
geometrically similar the
the orifice
orifice flowflow equation
equation for for the
the annular
annular production
production flow
tions
pumps. If
pumps.
to all
to all sizes
If they
they are
sizesofofpumps
are written
written nondimensionally,
pumps so so long
nondimensionally, they
long as
as the
the operating
they will
operating Reynolds'
similar
will apply
Reynolds' num-
apply
num-
area
area at the throat
required
required to
throat entrance,
toavoid
entrance, defines
avoid cavitation
defines the
cavitation ifif suction
the minimum
suction flow
minimum flow
flow rate
rate isisQS
QS and is
flow
flow area
area
is at
L
bers
bers are
are close
close oror sufficiently
sufficiently high
high that
that viscosity
viscosity effects
effects are
are a pressure
pressure of of PS.
PS. This
This equation
equation includes
includes the assumption
assumption that that
negligible.
negligible. pressure
pressure at at the
the throat
throat entrance
entrance isiszero zero atatcavitation.
cavitation.
By considering energy
By considering energy andand momentum
momentum equations
equations for for the
the A representative
representative set set of dimensionless performance curves
dimensionless performance curves
nozzle, suction
nozzle, suction passage,
passage, throat
throat (mixing
(mixing tube)
tube) and
and diffuser,
diffuser, is shown
shown in in Fig.
Fig. 44 for
for typical nozzle toto throat
typical nozzle throat area
area ratios
ratios of
1.8 36
7 34
KN = 0.03. KTO = 0.2
1.6 (PD-PS)(PN-PD) 32
N
M = OS/QN 30
Efficiency = N x M 28
26
24
22
1.0 20
z 0.9 18
16
0.6
= 0.15 14
0.7
0.6 12
10
0.5
0,4 B
0.3 6
0.2 4
O. s 2
O 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 12 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.8 40
'M
Fig. 4-
Fig. 4-Typical
Typical set
setof
of dimensionless
dimensionless performance
performance curves
curves generated
generated for
for various
various nozzle-to-throat area rallos.
nozzle-to-throat area ratios.
ciency curve,
ciency curve,andand that
that there
there isis aa most
most efficient ratio for
efficient ratio for aa
given value of
given value of the
the dimensionless
dimensionless mass mass flow
flow ratio,
ratio, M.
M. These
These
curves
curves represent
represent thethe type
type of
of rioncavitating performance ob-
noncavitating performance ob-
tainable from jet
tainable from jet pumps
pumps currently
currently available
available from
from National,
National,
Kobe and Guiberson.
Kobe and Guiberson. Operating
Operating underunder cavitating
cavitating conditions
conditions
will result in
will result in deviations
deviations from
from these
these curves.
curves.
Approximations for handling

Approximations for handling gas
gas
Equations presented
Equations presented earlier
earlier are
are for
for liquids,
liquids, but
but gas
gas is
is pres-
pres-
ent
ent in
in many
many weLls andaffects
wells and affectspump
pumpperformance.
performance. A rigorous
A rigorous
treatment of
treatment of the
the pumping
pumping of of multiphase
multiphase and and compressible
compressible
fluids is
fluids is outside
outside the
the scope
scope of of this
this article.
article. However,
However, it has been
has been
found that
found that simple
simple but
but useful
useful approximations
approximations can can be
be made.
made.
Cunningham2
Cunningham2 found found that
that if
if the
the free
free gas
gas volume
volume is added to
is added to
the
the liquid
liquid volume
volume as if it were
as ifit were liquid,
liquid, pump
pump performance
performance fol-
fol-
lows
lows thethe standard
standard curves
curves reasonably
reasonably well. Eq. 33 then
well. Eq. then be-
be-
comes:
comes:
M == [(QS+QG)
M [(QS + QG)/ /QN](GS/ CN)
QN](GS/GN) (8)
(8)
A
A review
review ofof Standing's
Standing's work3 for aa variety
work3 for variety of
of bottomhole
bottom hole
conditions
conditions results
results in an empirical
in an empirical correlation
correlation for
for the
the gas
gas plus
plus
I I t
Liquid formation volume
liquid formation volume factor
factor which,
which, when
when substituted
substituted in
in
500 1,000 1,500 2.000 2.500 3.000 Eq. 8,
8, gives:
gives:
Pump inte pressure (PS), psi
M == QS([1
QS([l++2.8(GOR/PS)"2](1
2.8(GOR/PS)L2](1- - WC)
WC) ++Wc)
wc) xx
[GS/(QNXGN)J
[GS/(QN x GN)] (0)
(9)
Fig. 5-Solution
Fig. 5-Solution COR GOR values
values asas aafunction
function ofof pump
pump intake pressure
intake pressure
and API
and API oil gravity for
oil gravity for vented
vented production
production systems.
systems. Appropriate
Appropriate COR
GOR
values
values should
should be usedused inin design
design calculations.
calculations. A cavitation
A cavitation correction
correction for
for gas also required.
gas is also required. Assuming
Assuming
choked flow
choked flow into
into the
the throat
throat annulus
annulus around
around the power
power fluid
fluid
0.50, 0.40, 0,30, 0.25, 0.20 and
0.50,0.40,0.30,0.25,0.20 and 0.15.
0.15. Power
Power fluid
fluid and
and pro-
pro- jet,
jet, additional
additional area
area required
required toto pass
pass the
the gas
gas is:
is:
duced fluid
duced fluid are
are of
of equal
equal density.
density. A A nozzle
nozzle loss coefficient of
loss coefficient of AG = QS(l
AG QS(I- -WC)GOR/24,650P5
WC)GOR/24,650PS (10)
(10)
0.03
0.03 was used, typical
was used, typical of
of aa well
wellshaped
shaped andand smoothed
smoothed design.
design.
A throat-diffuser
throat-diffuser Loss
loss coefficient
coefficient of 0.20 0.20 was
was used.
used. Lower
Lower val-
val- Eq. 7 considering
Eq. considering gas
gas then
then becomes:
becomes:
ues
ues can
can be obtained
obtained in lab lab tests,
tests, but
but this
this conservative
conservative valuevalue
compensates
compensates for for average
average losses
lossesininrouting
routingthe
the fluids
fluids through
through AMS =
AMS = QS[1/69
QS[I/69IVGS/PS lVE++ (1-
(1 - WG)GOR/24,650PS
WC)GOR/24,650PS] (li)
(11)
the rest
rest of
of the
the pump
pump andand bottomhole
bottomhole assembly.
assembly.
Peak efficienciesofof about
Peak efficiencies about 33% 33% shown
shown in in Fig.
Fig. 44 can
can be be If
If provisions
provisions for for venting
venting free
free gas
gas are
ard made,
made, solution
solution COR
GOR
achieved
achieved with commercialLy availablepumps
commercially available pumps producing
producing typi-
typi- at
at pump
pump suction
suction conditions rather than
conditions rather than total
total COR should be
GOR should he
cal well fluids
cal well fluids atat around
arotind 700 bpd. Much
700 bpd. Much larger
larger or smaller
smaller used in
used in Eqs.
Eqs. 9,9, 10
10and
and II.
li. Fig.
Fig. 55 shows
shows thethe appropriate
appropriate solu-
solu-
pumps, or
pumps, or fluids
fluids ofof very
very lowlow oror high
high viscosity can result
viscosity can result in in tion, COR
tion, GOR for for different
different values
values of of PS andand various
various API
API oil
oil
pumps having
pumps having somewhat
somewhat higher
higher or or lower
lower efficiencies,
efficiencies, respec-
respec- gravities inin vented
gravities vented systems.5
systems.5IfIf totaltotal GOR
CORisis less
lessthan
than the
the
tively. Note that
tively. Note that each
each area
area ratio
ratio curve
curve has
has an
an associated
associated eff i-
effi- vaLuefrom
value from Fig.
Fig. 5,5, use total
total COR.
GOR.
TABLE 1-Jet pump
TABLE 1-Jet pump nozzle
nozzle and
and throat
throat sizes
sizes TABLE2-Ratios
TABLE 2-Ratios and
and throat
throat annulus
annulus areas
areas
N+2
N
0.1860
0.310
0.1840
0.299
0.0024
0.0060
0.0064
0.00241
N-l
0.0271
0.0715
0.0310
1.6681
1.2916
1.0000
N+3
N+lRobe
Kobe
0.240
0.4002
0.235C
0.380
DO
Throat
N+4
0.517
0.483
Area114
14 B
71CC
Nozzle
0.144E
0.145
No.15
3
6
10
8
9
11
12
13
15 BB
5
4
0.0189
0.0143
NH
E
8
A
C
2
3 0.0167
0.0104
0.0031
0.0038
0.0380
0.0241
7 o0.0359
0.0346
0.0452
11
12 0.Q103
0.0271
0.0661
0.0804
13
10
0.0531
0.0962
14
0.1195
15
0.1452
16
0.1772
0.2606
0.0016
X
6
9 0.1000
0.0910
0.1159
0.0562
0.1476
0.1879
0.2392
0.3117
0.3878
Guiberson
listed in000
0.0077
0.0100
0.0129
0.0050
0.0055
0.0081
0.0028
0.0064
0.0095
0.0039
0.0215
0.0131
0.0241
0.0212
0.0123
0.0314
0.0464
0.0278
0.0177
0.0314
0.0441
0.0774
18
17
1900
0.2165 A
B
E
0JG
Table
0.0104
0.0071
0.0346
0.0855
0.1257
0.0452
0.1590
0.1963
0.2463
0.4642
0.3046
0.3848
0.5995
0.4938 1
K
L
M
P16
ratios
C 0.0044
FGuiberson
N13
10
14
15
1716 National
2 0.0910
0.0441
0.0212
0.0562
0.0715
0.1159
0.3127 17 0.628720
0.3750 0.4513 Guiberson
18 0.6518
19 0.5424
(sq in.)
(sq inj for
for Guiberson
Guiberson pumps
pumps
R Throat
Nozzle 20
National 0.2392 20
Nozzle Throat Nozzle Throat Nozzle Throat Nozzle
Nozzle Throats
10.72
0.36
0.54
0.53
520.63
0.27
78964000
0.64
0.69
0.68
0.92
0.86
0.74
0.77
0.61
0.63
0.66
0.71
0.1287
0.0074
0.0009
0.1164
0.1395
0.1575
0.0064
0.0138
0.0208
0.0302
0.0339
0.0515
0.0016
0.0032
20
0.20 15
14
17
30.59
0.0076
0.0043
0.32
0.44
0.52
0.45
0.55
0.48
0.2493
0.22
510.53
11
13
12
16
18
19 0.31
0.3256
60 830116
0.36
0.23
0.29
0.50
0.66
0.21
0.65
0.46
0.33
0.39
0.56
0.38
0.26
0.37
0.25
0.40
0.58
0.34
0.42
0.51
0.30
0.57
0.0954
0.0065
0.0088
0.1112
0.0742
0.1320
0.28
0.24
0.47
0.0290
0.0722
0.0357
0.0137
0.0628
0.2467
0.4167
0.1138
0.1000
0.1712
0.2895
10
0.0257
0.0056
0.0066
0.0408
0.0330 6400
000
11
13 0.0115
98750 0.0140
0.2050
0.0048
0.1787
0.2306
0.2670
0.0217
0.0352
0.0534
0.0597
0.0908
0.0212
0.01
0.0133
0.0276
0.1504
0.0564
0.0420
0.0285
0.0203
0.0484
0.0792
0.1945
0.0880
0.0510
0.2272
05 0.2961
0.0191
0.4928
0.0118 0.0094
0.2549
0.3401
0.0346
0.0917
0.1349
0.0185
0.0150
0.0354
0.4055
0.0145
0.1871
0.3460
0.0490
0.1309
0.2922 0.0219
0.4555
0.0648
0.1750
0.3833
Nozzle 0.0048
0.0028
0.1015
0.0020
Throats
Throats
Throats 0.35 0.1537 0.2160
No. Area No. Area R AS No. RArea AS Area
No. R AS No. R AreaR ASNo. R AS
Area
s
F K
G
H
AS
JEI I 0.0024
C
D L
R
M
N
R AS
BB CC
A
B P DD Throats
OD 000 00
1 0.0024 0.0060
1 I 0.0064 DO 0.0016 000 0.0044 R 0.36 0.22
2 0.0031 2 0.0077 2 0.0031 2 0.0061 CC 0.0028 00 0.0071 AS 0.0028 0.0056
3 0.0040 3 0.0100 3 0.0039 3 0.0104 BB 0.0038 0 0.0104 CC Throats 000 00 0 1
4 0.0052 4 0.0129 4 0.0050 4 0.0131 A 0.0055 I 0.0143 R 0.64 0.40 0.27 0.20
5 0.0067 5 0.0167 5 0.0064 5 0.0167 B 0.0095 2 0.0189 AS 0.0016 0.0043 0.0076 0.0115
6 0.0086 6 0.0215 6 0.0081 6 0.0212 C 0.0123 3 0.0241 SB Throals 00 0 1 2
7 0.0111 7 0.0278 7 0.0103 7 0.0271 D 0.0177 4 0.0314 R 0.54 0.37 0.27 0.20
8 0.0144 8 0.0359 8 0.0131 8 0.0346 E 0.0241 5 0.0380 AS 0.0032 0.0065 0.0105 0.0150
9 0.0186 9 0.0464 9 0.0167 9 0.0441 F 0.0314 6 0.0452 A Throats O 1 2 3
10 0.0240 lO 0.0599 10 0.0212 10 0.0562 G 0.0452 7 0.0531 R 0.53 0.39 0.29 0.23
11 00310 11 0.0774 11 0.0271 11 0.0715 H 0.0661 8 0.0661 AS 0.0048 0.0088 0.0133 0.0165
12 0.0400 12 0.1000 12 OE0346 12 0.0910 I 0.0855 9 0.0804 B Throats 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
IS 0.0517 13 0.1292 13 0.0441 13 0.1159 J 0.1257 10 0.0962 R 0.92 0.66 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.25 0.21
14 0.0668 14 0.1668 14 OE0562 14 0.1476 K 0.1590 11 0.1195 AS 0.0009 0.0048 0.0094 0.0145 0.0219 0.0285 0.0357
15 0.0863 15 0.2154 15 OE0715 15 0.1879 L 0.1963 12 0.1452 C Throats 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
16 0.1114 16 0.2783 16 0.0910 16 0.2392 M 0.2463 13 0.1772 R 0.66 0.65 0.51 0.39 0.32 0.27 0.23
17 0.1439 17 0.3594 17 0.1159 17 0.3046 N 0.3117 14 0.2165 AS 0.0020 0.0066 0.0118 0.0191 0.0257 0.0330 0.0408
18 0.1858 18 0.4642 18 0.1476 18 0.3878 P 0.3848 15 0.2606 D Throats 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
19 0.2400 19 0.5995 19 0.1879 19 0.4938 16 0.3127 R 0.74 0.56 0.46 0.39 0.33 0.27 0.22
20 0.3100 20 0.7743 20 0.2392 20 0.6287 17 0.3750 AS 0.0064 0.0137 0.0203 0.0276 0.0354 0.0484 0.0628
21 1.0000 18 0.4513 E Throats 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
22 1.2916 19 0.5424 R 0.77 0.63 0.53 0.45 0.36 0.30 0.25 0.20
23 1.6681 20 0.6518 AS 0.0074 0.0140 0.0212 0.0290 0.0420 0.0564 0.0722 0.0954
24 2.1544 F Throats 6 7 6 9 10 11 12
R 0.69 0.59 0.48 0.39 0.33 0.26 0.22
Nozzle Throat R Nozzle Throat R AS 0.0138 0.0217 0.0346 0.0490 0.0648 0.0880 0.1138
N N-1 0.517 A- N Nl 0.483 X G Throats 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
N N 0.400 A N N 0.380 A Guiberson ratios R 0.68 0.56 0.47 0.38 0.31 0.26 0.21
N N+1 0.3106 N N-1 0.299 B listed in Table 2 AS 0.0208 0.0352 0.0510 0.0742 0.1000 0.1320 0.1712
N Ni-2 0.240 C N Ni2 0.235 C H Throats IO 11 12 13 14 15 16
N N-i-3 0,186 D N N--3 0.184 D R 0.69 0.55 0.45 0.37 0.30 0.25 0.21
N N-4-4 0.144 E N N-4 0.145 E AS 0.0302 0.0534 0.0792 0.1 112 0.1504 0.1945 0.2467
i throats 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
R 0.72 0.59 0.48 0.40 0.33 0.27 0.23
AS 0.0339 0.0597 0.0917 0.1309 0.1750 0.2272 0.2895
J Throats 13 14 15 16 17 16 19
R 0.71 0.58 0.48 0.40 0.34 0.28 0.23
AS 0.0515 0.0908 0.1349 0.1871 0.2493 0.3256 0.4167
Nozzle and
Nozzle sizes
and throat sizes K Throats 15 16 17 18 19 20
R 0.61 0.51 0.42 0.35 0.29 0.24
Kobe,
Kobe, National
National and
and Guiherson
Guiberson have
have different
different sizes
sizes and
and AS 0.1015 0.1537 0.2160 0.2922 0.3833 0.4928
combinations of nozzles
combiiiations nozzles and
and throats. Kobe and
throats. Kohe National in-
and National L throats 16 17 18 19 20
crease the areas
crease the areasofof nozzles
nozzlesand
andthroats
throats in
in aa geometric
geometric pro-
pro- R 0.63 0.52 0.44 0.36 0.30
AS 0.1164 0.1787 0.2549 0.3460 0.4555
gression.
gression. 111eThe KobeKobe factor is IO"
factor is 10'/9 = = 1.29155
1.29155 and and National's
National's is is M throats 17 18 19 20
41-11'=
4/IT 1.27324. The
= 1.27324. The system system of sizes sizes offered
offered by by Guiberson
Guiberson R 0.66 0.55 0.45 0.38
employs
employs a a similar
similar geometric
geometric progressionprogression concept. concept, but but does
does AS 0.1287 0.2050 0.2961 0.4055
not use
use thethe same fac:torover
same factor over thethe total
total range.
range. In In smaller
smaller sizes,
sizes, N throats 18 19 20
R 0.69 0.57 0.48
where
where the change in horsepower
the change horsepower per per size small, the
size is small, the rate
rate of of AS 0.1395 0.2306 0.3401
increase
increase inin areaareaisismoremorerapid rapid than
than in in the
the Kobe
Robe and and National
National P Throats 19 20
systems.
systems. InIn larger,
larger, higher higher horsepower
horsepower sizes, sizes, thethe percent
percent inin- R 0.71 0.59
crease
crease in in size
sizeisisless
lessrapid rapidthan
than in in the
the National
National and and Kobe
Kobe sys-
sys- AS 0.1575 0.2670
tems
tems to to limit the the incremental
incremental increase increase in inhorsepower.
horsepower. Sizes Sizes
offered
offered by by Guiberson
Guiberson cover cover a slightly
slightly larger
larger range
range thanthan those
those
of Kobe
Kobe and and National.
National. Sizes Sizes from
from each each inanufac:turer
manufacturer are are
listed
listed in Table
Table 1. I.
The
The strict
strict progression
progression employed employed by by National
National and and Kobe
Kobe es- es-
tablishes fixed
tablishes area ratios
fixed area ratios between
between the the nozzles
nozzles and and throats.
throats. A A
given
given nozzle matched with
nozzle matched with the
the same
same number number throatthroat will al- al- 0C
B
0.0062
0.0289
0.5885
0.6304
0.0053
0.0105
0.5133
0.1482
0.1001
0.0774
0.0211
0.0129
0.1428
0.0760
0.0814
1.1058
0.3528
0.0069
0.0136
0.0089
0.0175
0.1151
0.2265
0.1749
AA-
0.0029
0.0037
0.0048
0.0080
0.0104
0.0134
0.0174
0.2242
0.1735
0.1344
0.1036
0.0806
0.0624
0.0483
0.0374
0.0224
0.2896
0.4643
0.9817
1.8444
0.3595
0.7600
1.4282
0.2784
0.8142
0.2155
0.8562
0.4557
0.0143
0.2479
0.1668
0.6629
0.4881
0.0046
0.0098
0.0184
0.1287
0.3780
0.0060
0.0127
0.0231
0.3974
0.2926
0.0077
0.0308
0.0227
0.1633
0.3076
0.0100
0.0397
0.0599
0.1268
0.2382
0.0192
0.0513
0.0378
0.0464
0.0981
0.1840
0.0248
0.0167
0.0663
0.0488
0.0360
0.1051
0.0216
0.0856
0.0631
0.0456
0.0278
0.1106
0.0589
0.6901
1.3583
0.5343
1.0516
0.4137
0.3203
0.0076
0.2731
0.1920
0.2115
0.0164
0.0115
0.0149
0.0293
0.0891
0.0273
0.0690
0.1358
0.0353
0.0534
0.0320
0.0414
E 0.0036
ways give the
ways give the same
same 23479 arearatio
120568area
19
18
17
16
15
14
13
12
11
10 ratio (0.383
(0.383 for for National
National systemsystem andand Table3-3-Throat
Table Throat annulus
annulus areas
areas (sq
(sq in.)
in.) for Kobe
Kobe
0.400
0.400 for Robe).
Kobe). 'This
This is called called thetheAA ratio.
ratio. Successively
Successively largerlarger pumps
pumps
Nozzle
throats
throats matched
matched with with aa given given nozzle
nozzle give give the the B,B, C, D and and E E Nonio A- A B C O E
ratios.
ratios. For
For both
both systems,
systems, pump pump size size is designated
designated by the the noz- 0.0036 0.0053 0.0076 0.0105 0.0143
zle size
size andand ratio.
ratio. Examples
Examples are are 11-BII-B or 6-A. 6-A. 2 0.0029 0.0046 0.0069 0.0098 0.0136 0.0184
3 0.0037 0.0060 0.0089 0.0127 0.0175 0.0231
Since
Since the the size
size progression
progression for for nozzles
nozzles and and throats
throats in in the
the 4 0.0048 0.0077 0.0115 0.0164 0.0227 0.0308
Guiberson
Guiberson system system is is not not constant
constant over over the the whole
whole range,
range, noz-
noz- 5 0.0062 0.0100 0.0149 0.0211 0.0293 0.0397
6 0_0080 0.0129 0.0192 0.0273 0.0378 0.0513
zle-throat
zle-throat combinations
combinations do' do not
not yield fixed fixed ratios.
ratios. However,
However, 7 0.0104 0.0167 0.0246 0.0353 0.0486 0.0663
ratios
ratios that
that result
result cover
cover the the same
same basic
basic range
range as the other
as the other twotwo 8 0.0134 0.0218 0.0320 0.0456 0.0631 0.0856
0.0278 0.0414 0.0814 0.1106
systems.
systems. The Theactual
actualratios ratiosare arelisted
listedinin TableTable 2. 2. In
In the
the 9
10
0.0174
0.0224 0.0360 0.0534
0.0569
0.0760 0.1051 0.1428
Guiberson
Guiberson system,system, nozzle nozzle andand mixing tube tube (throat)
(throat) sizes
sizes des-
des- 11 0.0289 0.0464 0.0690 0.0981 0.1358 0.1840
ignate
ignate pump
pump size. size. AnAn exampleexample is C-5. C-5. The The annular
annular areasareas of 12 0.0374 0.0599 0.0691 0.1268 0.1749 0.2382
13 0.0483 0.0774 0.1151 0.1633 0.2265 0.3076
Guiberson
Guiberson pumps pumps used used in cavitation
cavitation calculations
calculations are are also
also in- 14 0.0624 0.1001 0.1482 0.2115 0.2926 0.3974 's-
cluded in
cluded Table 2.
in Table 2. AnnularAnnular areasareas for for RobeKobe and and Naitonal
Naitonal 15 0.0606 0.1287 0.1920 0.2731 0.3780 0.5133
16 0.1036 0.1668 0.2479 0.3528 0.4881 0.6629
pumps
pumps are are listed
listed in Tables Tables 33 andand 4. 17 0.1344 0.2155 0.3203 0.4557 0.6304 0.8562
The
The most most commonly
commonly employed employed area area ratios
ratios fallfall between
between 18 0.1735 0.2784 0.4137 0.5885 0.8142 1.1058
0.400 0.2242 0.3595 0.5343 0.7600 1.0516 1.4282
0.400 andand 0.235.
0.235. AreaArea ratios ratios greater
greaterthan than 0.400
0.400 are are some-
some- 19
20 0.2896 0.4643 0.6901 0.9817 1.3583 1.8444
times used inin very
times used very deep deepwells
wellswith withhighhigh lifts,
lifts, or
or when
when onl only
0EA0.0144
0.0068
0.0087
0.0111
0.0141
0.0179
0.0033
0.0042
0.0054B
0.1571
0.0229
0.0057
0.0183
0.3896
0.4409
0.3060
0.0233
0.0175
0.2403
0.0082
0.0222
0.0104
0.0208
0.0481
0.0265
0.0191
0.0338
0.0612
0.4223
0.3163
0.1677
0.1164
0.5128
0.1317
0.0914
0.1482
0.5377
0.0779
0.0584
0.0431
0.2605
0.1438
0.1264
0.0698
0.0564
0.1533
0.0992
0.0743
0.0548
0.1608
0.1205
0.0639
0.0080
0.0073
0'.0137
0.0093
0.3463
0.0118
0.0243
0.2720
0.2136
0.0310
0.1035
0.0503
0.0813
0.0395
0.0969
0.0291
0.2546
0.2000
0.0761
0.1234
0.0597
0.0469
0.0369
0.01
0.0050
0.0101
0.0065
0.0129
0.4812
0.0296
0.0164
0.0377
0.0282
0.0360
0.0133
0.0169
0.2331
0.1888
0.3779
0.3316
0.2484
0.1830
0.2968
0.0215
0.0718
0.1951
0.0350
0.0947
0.2046
0.1130
0.0274
0.0888
0.0444
0.0150
0.0459
0.4028
X 08 0.0040 ff
Eff et pump
Jet pump efficiency
efficiency
TABLE
TABLE C
4-4-Throat
Throat annulus
annulus areas
areas (sq in.) for
for G Flttid
Fluid gradient.
gradient, psi/ftpsi/ft
National
National
Nozzle pumps
pumps GD Gradient
Gradient of of mixed
mixed power power fluidfluid andand produced
produced fluidfluid
B C D E
returning
returning to to surface,
surface, psi/ft
psi/ft
Nozzle X A
GLR Gas-liquid
Gas-liquid ratioratio in in return
return flowflow to tosurface,
surface, scf/bbl
scflbbl
0.0040 0.0057 0.0080 0.0105 0.0144
2
1
0.0033 0.0050 0.0073 0.0101 0.0137 0.0153 GN Gradient

Gradient of of power
power fltudfluid passing
passing through
through nozzle,
nozzle, psi!
psi/
3 0.0042 0.0065 0.0093 0.0129 0.0175 0.0233 ft
ft
4 0.0054 0.0082 0.0118 0,0164 0.0222 0.0296 GO
CO Gradient
Gradient of of produced
produced oil, oil, psi/ft
psi/ft
0.0068 0.0104 0.0150 0.0208 0.0282 0.0377
Gas-oil
5
6 0.008? 0.0133 0.0191 0.0265 0.0360 0.0481
GOP
GOR Gas-oil ratio,
ratio, scf/bbl
scf/bbl
7 0.0111 0,0169 0.0243 0.0338 0.0459 0.0612 cs
GS Gt-adienit
Gradient of of well
well produced
produced fluid, fluid, psi/ft
psi/ft
a 0.0141 0.0215 0.0310 0.0431 0.0554 0.0779 OW
GW Gradient
Gradient of of water,
water, psi/ft
psi/ft
9 0.0179 0.0274 0.0395 0.0548 0.0743 0.0992 HP
HP Horsepower
0.0350 0.0503 0.0698 0.0947 0.1264
Horsepower
10 0.0229 Nozzle loss coefficient
coefficient
11 0.0291 0.0444 0.0539 0.0888 0.1205 0.1608
KN
KN Nozzle
12 0.0369 0.0564 0.0813 0.1130 01533 0.2046 KTD Throat-diffuser
Throatdiffuser loss loss coefficient
coefficient
13 0.0469 0.0718 0.1035 0.1438 0.1951 0.2605 L Tubing
Tubing length,
length, ft ft
14 0.0597 0.0914 0.1317 0.1830 0.2484 0.3316 M Dimensionless mass flow ratio
ratio
15 0.0761 0.1164 0.1677 0.2331 0.3163 0.4223
M Dimensionless mass flow
16 0.0969 0.1482 0.2136 0.2968 0.4028 0.5377 N
N Dimensionless
Dimensionless pressurepressure recovery
recovery ratio ratio
17 0.1234 0.1668 0.2720 0.3779 0.5128 PD
PD Pump discharge
Pump discharge pressure,
pressure, psi psi
0.2403 0.3463 0.4812 PF Friction
18
19
0.1571
0.2000 0.3060 0.4409
Friction loss
loss in in tubing,
tubing, psi/ft
psi/ft
20 0.2546 0.3896
PFN
PFN Fricl ion loss
Friction loss in irapower
powerfluidfluitI tubing,
tuhing, psi/ft
psi/ft
PFD
PFD Friction
Friction loss
loss in in return
return conci
conduit,tt it, psi/ft
psi/ft
very
\'ery low
low operating
operating pressures
pressures are are available.
available. Area Area ratios
ratios less
less
PN
PN Pressure
Pressure at the nozzle nozzle entrance,
entrance, psi psi
than
man 0.235
0.235 areare used
used in in shallow
shallow wells
wells or or when
when very
very low
low bot-
bot- PS Pump
Pump suction
suction presstll-e
pressure (pl-oclticitlg
(producing bottom hottomholehole pres-
pres-
tomhole sure),
sure), psi
psi
tom hole pressures require aa large
pressures require large annular
annular flow flow passage
passage io to PT
Pl- Surface
Surface operating
operating pressurepressure (triplex
(triplex pressure),
pressure), psi psi
avoid cavitation. Referring
Referring toto Fig. Fig. 4,4, itit can
can bebe seen
seen that
that the
the
-
a"oid cavitation. PWH

PWH Flow line pressure
Flow line pressure at at the
the wellhead,
wellhead, psi psi
performance
performance curves
curves forfor thethe higher
higher areaarea ratios
ratios show
show higher
higher QD Flow rate ft-out
Flow rate from pump pinup discharge,
discharge, bpd bpd
values
"alues of of the
the dimensionless
dimensionless parameter
parameter N N within their regions
within their regions QG
QG Flow rate
Flow rate ofof gas
gasthrough
through pump,pump. bpd bpd
of
of maximum
maximum efficiency.
efficiency. Since
Since NN is is aa measure
measure of of pressure
pressure rise
rise QN
QN Flow rate through
Flow rate through the the nozzle,
nozzle, bpcl bpd
in
in the
the produced
produced fluid, fluid, the
the higher
higher areaarea ratios
ratios are
are suited
suited forfor QS Flow
Flow rate
rate to to puratp
pump suction
suction (production
(production flow flowI-ate),
rate),
high
high netnet lifts,
lifts, but
but this
this is
is achieved
achieved onlyonly withwith production
production ratesrates bpd
bpd
substantially
substantially less than
less than thethe power
power fluid
fluid raterate(LVI<
(M < 1.0).
1.0). The
The QSC
QSC Maximum non-cavitating
Maximum non-cavitating pump pump suction
suction flowflow rate,
rate,
smaller area ratios develop less less head,
head, buthut maymay produce
produce more bpd
bpd
smaller area ratios develop more R Dimensionless ratio
Dimensionless ratio ofof nozzle
nozzLearea areatotothroat
throat area
area
fluid
fluid than
than is used for
is used for power
power fluidfluid (M>
(M>l.0). 1.0). WC
WC Production water
Production water cut (50% (50% water water cut
cut isis cruet-ed
entered as as
0.50)
0.50)
WCD
WCD Water cut in
Water cut in return
return flow
flow to
to surface
surface
AP
6.P Presstlre rise
Pressure rise across
actoss pump
pump (PD-
(PD - PS),
PS), psi
LITERATURE CITED
LITERATURE CITED
p,D
fJ..D Viscosity of return
Viscosity of return fluids,
fluids, cp
cp
(.line.Jarnet
Gos.line,james E.
E. and
and O'Brien.
O'Brien, Mr,rr.tugh ......he
Morrough P., "Thewater per purnp2
waterjet Univ. ofCalrf.
pump," LJni\'.of Calif. PLIb. in
Pub. in ILO
fJ..O Viscosity of
Viscosity of oil,
oil, cp
cp
Eng. 19531.
(1933). Viscosityofof water,
water, cp
cp (This
(This variable
variable set
set equal
equal to
2
-
Eng.
Cuoninghatir. R.
Cunningham, R. G.. 'the
G., "The jet pump as
Ct 1)01111) II aa lubrication
lubrication oil scavenge pump
oil scavenge pump l'or aircraft en-
for aircraft en-
LW
fJ..W Viscosity to 0.55
0.55
ie.'. Wright
~es", Wright AirAir Development
Development Center Center 1'echnical
Technical Report 55.143 (1955).
Report 55-143 (1955). in calcttlator
in programs)
calculator programs)
-landing, M.
Standing. M. B..
B., ,/tsrnetrir t od P)iu,'e
Volumetric alld Phase BfJUli,ior of Oil
$eli.n'iorc'f Field
Oil Field Thin e n'brine .ysteou, Net,' Voi'
H.wlnJwrhOlI S)'stf11L.\, New York. k.
Reinhold
~inhold Publishing
Publishing Corp..
Corp., 1952.
1952.
(itherKC.J..
..Coberly. c.J.,'rheorv
"Theoryand andapplication
application ofhvdraulicoil
of hydraulic oilwell punipC. Knbe,
well pumps", Inc.. I-Iunting-
Kobe, Inc., Hunting.
roo Park. Calif..
LOO Park. Calif., 1961.
.j Muskat, P,-inciple,l" (l
Ph)'si((/! Pri'rripkr
\tlorris, PM,,iud
~hJ5b.[, Morris, nf Oil Pmdartwa, McGraw Hill Book Company,
Oil Production, McGraw Hill Book Company, Inc., Inc..
~e'" York. 1949,
Ne 1949, p.p. 66.
66. The
The authors
authors
PEnar earned
HAL PETRIE
HAL earned hishis RS
as degree
degree from
from the
the Cali-
Cali-
fornia Institute
fornia Institute of
of Technology
Technology in in 1968,
1968, and
and from
from
1968
1968 to to 1981 he worked
1981 he worked inin the
the engineering
engineering arid
and
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ACKNOWLEDGMENT app//cat/on
application engineering departments
engineering departments on on the
the
This article
article isisan
anupdated
updated and
and expanded
expanded version of the
the paper
paper "The
"The design
design of of hydraulic
hydraulic pumping
pumping systems
systems for
for Kobe,
Kobe,
This version of
theory, hardware
hardware and and application of the
the current Inc.
Inc. Since
Since 1981
1981 hehe has
has been
been working
working for
for Na-
Na-
rneory, application of current generation
generation of of oil
oil
well jet pumps,"
pumps,"the theauthors
authors presented
presented to
to the
the Thirtieth
Thirtieth Annual tional Productions
tional Productions Systems
Systems as as manager
manager of of ad-
ad-
.-elljet Annual Meet-
Meet
ing of
ing of the
the Southwestern
Southwestern Petroleum
Petroleum Short
Short Course
Course held
held inin Lubbock
Lubbock,
vanced
vanced systems
systems engineering.
engineering. Mr. Mr. Petrie
Petrie has
has
Texas, April been involved
been involved with the design,
with the design, modeling
modeling andand
Texas, April 1983.
1983.
application of
application ofjet
jet pumps
pumps forfor 13
13 years.
years.
PHIL WILSON,
PHIL application engineer
WILSON, application engineer with
with Kobe,
Kobe,
ComIng
Coming next
next month:
month: The The calculation
o\culation sequence used
sequence used to
to de-
de- Inc, holds aa SS
mc, holds as degree
degree in in mechanical
mechanical engi-
engi-
sign ajet pump neering from
neering from Northwestern
Northwestern Uliiversity
Universityand
andhas
has
sign ajet pump installation
installation will be presented
will be presented in
in a step.by-step
a step-by-step been with
been with Kobe,
Kobe, Inc., since 1948.
Inc., since 1948. He
He held
held vari-
vari-
fashion. In
~ashion. In addition,
addition, two two hand-held
hand-held computer
computer (T1-59
(TI-59 and
and ous field
ous positions until
field positions until 1968
1968 when
when he
he was
was
HP-41C)
HP-4! programs that
C) programs that maybe
may be used
used for
for making
making these
these calcu-
ca\cu- transferred to
transferred to the
the engineering
engineering department.
department.
litions
. Dons will be presented
will be presented along
along with their running
with their running instruc-
instruc-
ons.
tions.
EDDIE
EDDIE SMART, aa technical services engineer
technical services engineer for
for
the Guiberson
the Guiberson Division
Division ofof Dresser
Dresser Industries,
Industries,
Inc., holds a as
Inc., holds SS degree in in engineering
engineering from
from the
GLOSSARY
GLOSSARY Universityofof Texas
University TexasatatArlington
Arlingtonandand an
an MSMS de-
de-
.&. Flow area
Flow area of nozzle,
nozzle, sqsq in.
in. gree in
gree in engineering
engineering fromfrom Southern
Southern Methodist
Methodist
.IS Throat annulus
Throat annulus area
area (AT
(AT-AN),
- AN), sqsq in. University.He
University. Hejoined
loined Dresser
Dresser in
in 1975,
1975, working
working
_is-'1
.4SM Minimum
Minimum throat annulus flow
throat annulus flow area
area to
to avoid
avoid cavita-
cavita- in
in the
the Texas
Texas Gulf
GulfCoast
Coastarea
areaasas an
an area
area techni-
techni-
don, sq in.
tion, cal services
cal services engineer.
engineer. Mr.Mr. Smart's
Smart's current
current re-
re-
_-IT
.4T Flow area
Flow area of
of throat,
throat, sq in. sponsibi/ity is
sponsibility is division-wide
division-wide field
field support
support for
for the
[)
D Vertical pump
Vertical pump setting
setting depth,
depth, ftft proper
proper application
application of of hydraulic pumping sys-
hydraulic pumping sys-
Dl
Dl ID
ID of tubing
tubing or casing,
casing, in.
in. tems.
tems.
m
D2 OD of
OD of inner
inner tubing
tubing inin annular
annular flow,
flow, in.
in.
Part 2Hand-held computer
Part 2-Hand-held computer programs
programs
for
for installation
installation design
design
Jet e
Jet pumping
pumping oil
oil wells
wells
H.
H. L. Petrie, Manager,
L. Petrie, Manager, Advanced
Advanced Systems Engineering, Na-
Systems Engineering, Na- From well
1. From well data
data forfor production
production (QS),(QS), pump
pump intake
intake
tional
tional Supply
Supply Co.,
Co., Los
Los Nietos,
Nietos, Calif.,
Calif., P,P.M.
M. Wilson,
Wilson, Applica-
Applica- pressure (PS)
pressure (PS) andand GOR,
GOR, the the minimum
minimum annular
annular area needed
area needed
tion
tion Engineer, Kobe, Inc.,
Engineer, Kobe, Inc., Huntington
Huntington Park,
Park, Calif.,
Calif., and
and E.
E. to avoid
to avoid cavitation
cavitation (ASM)(ASM) is is calculated
calculated using
using Eq.
Eq. 11.
11. (see
(see
E.
E. Smart,
Smart, Technical
Technical Service
Service Engineer,
Engineer, Guiberson
Guiberson Div.,
Div., part
part i 1WorLd 014 November
VYOrld Oil, November 1983). 1983).
Dn'sscr Industries,
Inc., Dallas,
Dallas, Tex.
Tex. From the
2. From the tables
tables ofof annular
annular areas
areas given
given in
in part
part 1,1, se-
se-
:1 lect aa nozzle
lect nozzle and and throat
throat combination
combination that that has
has an
an annular
annular
10-second area
area greater
greater than
than ASM.
ASM.
Programs for two different types of hand-held com- 3. If it is desired,
If it is desired, by by calculating
calculating operating
operating pressures,
pressures, to to
puters are presented to aid in the seletion and sizng evaluate
evaluate different sizes to
different sizes to select
selectan anoptimum,
optimum, set set aa flag.
flag. IfIf it
it
of downhole equipment. The calculation sequence.: is desired to
is desired to plot
plot curves
curves at at aa constant
constant operating
operating pressure
pressure forfor aa
used by the programs is described and user instruc- - given
given size pump, do
size pump, do not
not set
set the
the flag.
flag.
[ions for running them are included. Pick a surface operating pressure (PT), usually
4. Pick a surface operating pressure (PT), usually bebe-
tween
tween 2,000
2,000 and and 4,000
4,000 psi,
psi, with higher pressures
with higher pressures required
required at at
UsJNcfIu
USING THEIJILORY
THEORY of of jet pumping,
u111ping,which
which was
was discussed
discussed greater depths
greater depths and and with lower values
with lower values ofof R.
R. Known
Known available
available
last
last month,
month, as
as aa basis,
basis, this
this article
article describes
describes the
the procedures
procedures surface pump
surface pump limitations
limitations may may affect
affect this
this choice.
choice.
and
and specific
specific equations
equations used
used totomake
make thetherec1uired
required design
design cal-
cal- the sum
culations. 5. Calculate
Calculate pressure
pressure at at the
the nozzle. PN is the
nozzle. PNis sum of of the
the
culations. In
In addition,
addition, computer
computer programs
programs for
for the
the TI-59
TI-59 and
and operating pressure plus the hydrostatic pressure inin the
HP-41G operating pressure plus the hydrostatic pressure the tub-
tub-
HP"41 C machines
machines are listed
listed to allow (for the
allow (for the first
first time)
time) oper-
oper- ing
ator
ator personnel
personnel to to perform
perform their
their own
own analysis.
analysis. (Please
(Please refer to
refer to ing minus
minus friction
friction losses
losses inin the
the tubing:
tubing:
Part i1for
Part for definition
definition of
of terms
terms used
used in
in the
the equations.)
equations.) PN=PT+GNxD-PFN
PN = PT + GN x D - PFN (12)
(12)
The
The friction
friction in
in annular
annular oror circular
circular (tubing)
(tubing) sections
sections can
can be
be
CALCULATIONSEQUENCE,
CALCULATION SEQUENCE, ADDITIONAL
ADDITIONAL determined
determined from
from the
the following
following equation:4
equation:4
EQUATIONS
EQUATIONS PF = (202
to
In aa typical
to the
typical oil
the bottom
enters
bottom of
oil well installation,
of the
enters aa bottomhole
installation, the
the well in the
well in
bottomhole assembly
the jet pump
the power
assembly with
pump isis circulated
fluid tubing
power fluid
circulated
tubing where
with appropriate
where it
appropriate seal
it
seal bores
bores
PF (202 xx 10-8L[(D12
1O-SL[(Dl2
+ {(D1
..
-- D22)/(D1
D22)/(Dl
[(u/Gt21C]Q179
x [(J.!./G)021G]QL79
-- D2)]021
D2)(D12 -- D22)2[LD1I(D1
{(D1 -- D2)(D12 D22)f[IDl/(Dl D2)]01})
-- D2)]Ol})
(13)
(13)
s
and
and fluid
fluid passages.
passages. If If aa packer
packer is is set,
set, the
the return
return fluids
fluids will
will Where:
Where:
flow
flow toto the
the surface
surface inin the
the annulus
annulus between
between the the power
power fluid
fluid D1=
D1 = Casing ID for
Casing ID annular flow
for annular or tubing
flow or tubing ID
ID for
for tub-
tub-
tubing
tubing andand the
the well
well casing.
casing. If no no packer
packer isis used,
used, aa second
second ing flow
ing flow
string
string ofof tubing
tubing returns
returns thethe power
power fluid
fluid and
and well
well production
production D2
D2 == Tubing
Tubing ODODforfor annular
annular flow or 0flow
(zero) or O (zero) f
for tubing
to
to the
the surface.
surface. This
This type
type ofof completion
completion is is called
called aa parallel
parallel flow
flow
installation
installation andand is illustrated
illustrated in in Fig.
Fig. 6.
6. The
The accompanying
accompanying
calculator programs are
calculator programs are based
based onon the
the definitions
definitions of of Fig.
Fig. 6 The expression
The expression within
within the set
set of large parentheses
oflarge parentheses is is a con-
con-
and use
use the
the following
following algorithm,
algorithm, which
which models
models both
both the cas-
cas- stant
stant for given tubing
for a given tubing string
string oror annular
annular flow
flow passage.
passage. The
The
ing
ing type
type and
and the
the parallel
parallel type
type installation.
installation. expression in
expression in the
the following
following setset of
of brackets
brackets isis aa constant
constant for
for
the power
the power fluid
fluid losses,
losses, but
but not
not for
for the
the production
production return
return con-
con-
duit since
duit it will
since it will contain
contain aa variable mix of
variable mix of power
power fluid
fluid and
and
production.
production.
Determine power
6. Determine power fluid
fluid rate
rate (QN) from Eq.
(QN) from Eq. 11 (part
(part 1)
1)
and the selected
and the selected nozzle
nozzle size.
size.
7. Determine
Determine return flow rate:
return flow rate:
QD=QN+QS
QD = QN + QS (14)
(14)
Determine production
8. Determine production (pump
(pump suction)
suction) gradient:
gradient:
GS
GS = = (CW
(GW xx WC) WC) ++ (1(1 -- WC)GO
WC)C0 (15)
(15)
Determine return
9. Determine return flow
flow fluid
fluid gradient:
gradient:
GD
GD = [(GS[(CS xx QS)
QS) + (CN zx QN)]/QD
+ (GN QN)]/QD (16)
(16)
10. Calculate
Calculate return flow water
return flow water eut:
cut:
Oil
Oil power
power fluid
fluid
WGD
WCD = (QS (QS xx WC)/QD
WC)/QD (17)
(17)
Water power
power fluid
s
Water fluid
WCD
WCD = [QN [QN + + (QS
(QS xx WC)}/QD
WC)]/QD (18)
(18)
11. Calculate
Calculate return
return flow
flow gas
gas liquid
liquid ratio:
ratio:
CLR
GLR = QS(l QS(i - - WC)GOR/QD
WC)COR/QD (19)
(19)
12. If GLR is is greater than 10,

greater than 10, it
it is
is recommended
recommended that that a
Fig. 6-Schematic
Fig. 6Schematic ofofa parallel
a parallel jet
jetpump
pumpinstallation
installation illustrates
illustrates no-
no- vertical
vertical multiphase
multi phase flowflow pressure
pressure gradient
gradient correlation
correlation bebe
menclature used
menclature used in
in equations
equations for
for making
making design
design calculations.
calculations.
Reprinted
PDF compression, OCR, web optimization using
Reprinted from
a 1983 WORLDOIL,
watermarked
from WORLD OIL,December
December1983
evaluation1983
copy of CVISION PDFCompressor
Copyrightt
Copyright~ 1983 by
by Gull
Gulf Publishing
Publishing Co,.
Co., Houston, Texas
Houston, Texas.
All
All rights
rights reserved. Used with
reserved. Used with permission.
permission.
used
=d toto determine
determine pump
pump discharge
discharge pressure
pressure using
using values
values production
production rate,
rate, and
and dodo not
not set
set the
the flag
flag (or
(or remove
remove itit if
if it
it is
is
from
::Om Eqs.
Eqs. 14 through 19.
14 through 19. Gas
Gas lift charts can
lift charts can be
be used.
used. Then
Then already
already set)
set) at
at step 3. With
step 3. With this
this option,
option, aa number
number of
of points
points
go
SO to
[Q step
step 15.
15. can
can be
be calculated
calculated forfor aa given
given triplex
triplex pressure.
pressure.
13,
13. IfIf GLE
CLR is
is less
less than
than 10,
10, dctermine
determine return
return flow
flow liquid
liquid
LITERATURE
LITERATURE CITED
CITED
, viscosity forforcalculating
Mscosity calculating friction
friction losses:
losses: Coherly, C. J.,
J., "Thcory
4 Coberly, C. "Theory and
andapplication
application othyciraulic
of hydraulic oil
oil well pumps," Kobe,
well pumps," Kobe, Inc.,
Inc.,
f/-D =
= (WCD
(WeD xx tpr)f/-w) ++ (1
(1- -WGD),u0
WeD)f/-o (20)
(20) Huntington
Huntington Park,
Park, Calif.
Calif. 1961.
1961.
This
This weighted
weighted average
average equation
equation assumes
assumes that
that ifif oil
oil is
is used
used ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
kr
~r power
power fluid,
fluid, itithas
hasthe
thesame
same viscosity
viscosity as
as the
the produced
produced oil oil
and
"~d that
that no
no emulsions
emulsions are are formed.
formed. This article was adapted from the
This article was adapted from the paper
paper "The
'The theory,
theory, hardware
hardware
and
and application
application of
of the
the current
current generation
generation of
ofoil
oilwell
well jet
jet pumps"
pumps"
14. Determine
Determine pump pump discharge
discharge pressure.
pressure. PDPD is is the
the sum
sum the
the authors
authors presented
presented to
to the
the Thirtieth
Thirtieth Annual
Annual Meeting
Meeting of
of the
the
of: the
the hydrostatic
hydrostatic pressure in the
pressure in the return
return conduit,
conduit, friction
friction Southwest Petroleum Short Course
Course held
held in
in Lubbock,
Lubbock, Texas,
Texas, April
April
kisses and wellhead
sses and wellhead back
back pressure:
pressure: 1983.
Pfl=(GDxD)+PFD+PWH
PD = (CD x D) + PFD + PWH (2!)
(21)
Calculate M from
~5. Calculate from Eq. Eq. 9.9.
Coming next
Coming next month:
month: Examples
Examples of
of how
how the
the computer
computer pro-
pro-
grams
grams are
are used
used will
will be
be discussed
discussed along
along with
with actual
actual field
field re-
re-
6. Calculate
Calculate N N from
from Eq. Eq. 55 for for the
the value
value of of R R selected,
selected, sults.
using
-qT1g the the value
value of of M from from step step 15,
15.
: 7. This
This is the the keykey stepstep in in thc
the iteration
iteration procedure.
procedure. The The
value
~ue ofNwill
of N will be be used
used in in defining
defining Eq. Eq. 4to
4 torecalculate
recalculate either either
nozzle
=zle pressure,
pressure, PN, PN, or or pump
pump suction
suction pressure,
pressure, PS, PS, depend-
depend- APPENDIX
APPENDIX
ing
::::gonon whether
whether the the flag
flag is is set
set or
or not
not set.
set. See
See steps
steps 18 18 and
and 19.19.
l'bis
~ will
will lead
lead to to aa newnew valuevalue of of N N inin step
step 16 16 onon the the next
next
iter-ation,
:::J::..--auon. The current
The current valuevalue of N will be
N will bc compared
compared with with thethe
Jet pump
Jet pump datadata program
program for for Tl-59
TI-59
xtvious
~-ious value. 1f
value. the two
If the two are are within
within 1%, 1 %, iteration
iteration is is com-
com- Partitioning (Op17)
Partitioning (0p17) 77 11 9.2 9
pkte and execution
~,1'"[eand execution transfers
transfers to to step
step 2020 (flag
(flag set)
set) or or step
step 21 21 100A Cards
Printer PC 100A Cards 1,1, 2,
2,33
,fiag
--~ notnot set).
set). Convergence
Convergence problems problems can can be be encountered
encountered Program
Program description
description
when_en gasgas isis present
present and and pump
pump intakeintake pressure
pressure isislow. low. This
This is is
1. Input
Input andand storage
storage of
of well
well data.
data.
cecially
~ially true truewhen
whenpump pumpintake intakepressure
pressure isisbeingbeing varied
varied to to 2. Calculation
Calculation and and storage
storage of of GS,
GS, friction
friction constant
constant for
for return,
return, friction
friction
find
::-:-<1 aa solution
solution (flag
(flag not not set).
set). A A procedure
procedure that that averages
averages suc- suc- constant for
constant for power
power fluid,
fluid, (1-Water
(1-Water Cut)
Cut)
cessive
=:ive values values of of N N isis needed
needed to to damp
damp unstable
unstable oscillations
oscillations in 3. Initialize Storage Register
Initialize Storage Register 25 25 as 0.20
0.20
~ calculated
calculated value value of of PS.
PS. The The bestbest compromise
compromise between between
e--ancing
~cing convergence
convergence and and minimizing
minimizing the the number
number of of itera-
itera- User instructions
User instructions
tons
~--::lShas
has been
been found
found to to be
be aa weighted
weighted average
average thatthat gives dou- dou-
Procedure Enter Press Display
e weight to the
the previous
previous value value of ofNand Step
Step Procedure Press! Display
'-~= weight to N and single
single weight
weight to to the
the
ctirrent
~-=nt value. value. The The weighted
weighted average average value value of of N N then
then re- re-
1 Partition to 719.29
i Partition to 719.29 30F
30P1717 fl/S 719.29
R{S 719.29
paces the 22Cardsl,2,3(CLR
Cards 1, 2, 3 (ClR 1,2,3
1,2,3
the old
old value
value of of NN in in storage.
storage. On On thethe next
next iteration,
iteration, before each)
each)
before
;- . 1%
: % convergence
convergence criterion criterion will will be be applied
applied to to the
the current
current 33 Start
Start Water
Flowline
Oil
GaR
Datagrad.
Rtn
Tbg
Oil
Wtr vise.
Depth
Pwr 10 cutRIS
grad.
grad.
00 A
length
10 Data
press.
value of
~ue compared to
of N compared to the
the weighted
weighted averageaverage of the two
of the two pre-
pre- 44 Enter or
Water
GaR
Oil
Pwr
Enter Tbg
Depthaccept
press.
Oil
Wtr 10cut
vise.
grad.
Flowline
length
00
or grad.
accept
grad. Depth
0 RIS Depth
stus iterations.
iterations. ThreeThree to to tenten iterations
iterations normally
normally are are re- re- 5 Enter
5 or
or accept
Enter Rtn 10
accept Tbg length RiS Tbg length
jiired. The
.~""'ed. The 1 1% % convergence
convergence criterion criterion in in conjunction
conjunction with with 6 Enter
6 Enter or
or accept
accept Tbg ID fl/S Tbg ID
ighted averaging
=i,,:>h,ed averaging of of N leadsleads to to answers
answers thatthat areare reproduc-
reproduc- 7 Enter
7 Enter or
or accept
accept (0
(0 for
for Tbg OD RIS Tbg OD
lie
-;".towwithin
within about
about 15 15 psi.
psi. parallel rtn)
parallel rtn)
S Enter
8 Enter or
or accept
accept Rtn ID fl/S Rtn ID
:8. If thethe flag
flag is set,
set, calculate
calculate aa new new nozzle
nozzle pressure
pressure using using 9 Enter
9 Enter or accept
accept Flowline B/S Flowline
S::
Eq.. 4.}rewritten
rewritten as as follows:
follows: press. press.
PN
PN =
= [(PD
[(PD -- P5)/N]
PS)/N] +
+ PD
PD (22)
(22) 10
10 Enter or accept
Enter or accept Pwr grad. FR/S Pwr grad.
11
11 Enter or accept
Enter or accept Oil grad. RIS Oil grad.
Then
-;:ben go
go to step
step 6.
6. 12
12 Enter or accept
Enter or accept Wtr grad. RIS Wtr grad.
:9. If the flag is not
If the flag is not set,
set, calculate
calculate aa new
new pump
pump intake
intake 13
13 Enter or accept
Enter or accept Oil visc. RIS Oil visc.
cssure
ssure from
from Eq.
Eq. 44 rewritten
rewritten as:
as: 14
14 Enter or accept
Enter or accept 00H RIS GOR
15 Enter or accept Water cut Water cut
PS=PDN(PNPD)
PS = PD - N(PN - PD) (23)
(23)
15
16
16
Enter or
Calculate
accept
Calculate after
after entering
entering
RIS
o
Then
-:ben go
go to
to step
step 5.
5. waler cut
water cut
17 Load
17 'Jet pump
load "Jet pump calcula-
calcula-
Determine new
Determine new surface operating (triplex)
surface operating pressure:
(triplex) pressure: tion" program
tion" program if if data
data
PT=
PT = PN(GNxD)+PFN
PN - (CN x D) + PFN (24)
(24) correct. Return
correct. Return toto 3 for
for
21- Calculate
Calculate maximum
maximum non-eavitating
non-cavitating flow:
flow: corrections.
corrections.
QSG == QS(AT
Qse QS(AT -- AN)IASM
AN)/ASM (25)
(25)
22. Calculate triplex horsepower, assuming

'-::. Calculate triplex horsepower, assuming 90%
90% effi-
effi- 234567891 0 keys
User defined 3
48Data
o
5
11
13
14
17
10
12
16
6
7
15
19
2 (1 registers
Rtn
GS
9Data
18 GaR
01
02
Oil
1 Tbg -10
Fric.
Oil
Wellhead
Water
Depth
Pwr
Water
(012
(01 -const.
grad.
vise.
00
10
grad. (GO)
-grad.
WC)
(D)
cut
length02)
022) rtn
(l)pwr
press.
(GN)
(WC)
(/La)
cy. S'
S
E'
0'
E
0
C
A'
C' A
Flags (GW)
Start A Start O OS lo Oil visc. (j.Q
HP == (QN
HP (QN x
x P1)152,910
PT)/52,91O (26)
(26) B 1 Depth (0) 11 GOR
C 2 Tbg length (L) 12 Water cut (WC)
Display: Power
Display: Powerfluid
fluid pressure,
pressure, PT PT D 3 TbglD 13 Dl
Power fluid
Power fluid rate,
rate, QNQN E 4 TbgOD 14 D2
Triplex horsepower,
Triplex horsepower, HP HP 5 Rtn ID 15 (Dl - D2)
Cavitation flow
Cavitation flow rate,
rate, QSG
Qse 6 Wellhead press. 16 (Dl2 - D22)
Production rate,
Production rate, QSQS 7 Pwr grad. (ON) 17 Fric. const. rtn
Pump 8 Oil grad. (GO) 18 Fric. const. pwr
Pump intake
intake pressure,
pressure, PS PS
9 Water grad. 19 (1 - WC)
24. For
___ For a new
new size pump, go to
size pump, to step
step 1, inputting
inputting the
the new
new (OW)
w at step
"-= step2,2,and
andset
setthe
the flag
flag at
at step
step 3.
3. To calculate aa perfor-
To calculate perfor- Flags 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
rance chart
"""'''-,ce chart for
foraachosen
chosen size,
size, go
go to
to step
step 1,
1, inputting
inputting aa new
new
ProgramIisting-
Program listingTl'-59
TI-59
107
1)7 00 C!
1:
219 02
02 22 331 02 2
108 00 0 220 02
02 22 .;..;.~ 04
04 4
DATA
DATA g;
109 gg
00 0 221 69 O
69 OF' 03
03 3
110
210 01 11
222 01
01 01 :;:34 06
06 6
22": 03
03 :3 01 1
Jet pump
pump calculation
calculation program
program for Tl-59
TI-59 000
000 76 LBL
76
111
112
112
69
69
01
OF'
OP
01 224 05
05 5 336
01
05
05 5
Partitioning
Partitioning (0p17)
(Opl7) 77 11 9.2
9.299
001
OUI
002
002
11
11 A
69 OP
69 OP
in at
113
114
114
01
01
06
06
01
1
6
6
I
225
226
01
01
03
03 3
1 337
338
00
00
00
(I
I)
003 00 00 227 01 1 00
00 0
Printer
Printer PC bOA Cards
PC 100A Cards 1, 1,2,
2, 33 003
004
00'
00
01
01
00
1
115
115
116
00
00
0
0
0 22:::
01
06 6
339
340 00 0
I 116 00 00
Program description
Program description 005
005
006
DE,
06
01
6 117
127 00
00 (I
0 22',
230
00 0
00
00 0
341 6',
69 0OF'
006 01 I 11:::
118 00
00 I)i :342 02
02 02
2
007
00? 03
03 3 119
129 00
00 (I 231 00
00 0 343 69 OF'
69 0
1. Calculates
Calculates jet
jet pump
pump performance
performance 008
008 03
03 3 120 00 0 232 00
00 0 05
05 055
120 00 ..:0':;'"
a. With Flag
Flag 11 set
set (Step
(Step 8),
8), operating
operating pressure will be varied
pressure will varied to 009
009 07 7 121
121 00 0 233 69 OP
69 0
t,
345 4$ RCL
43 R L
find aa solution.
solution. 010
010 01
01 I 122
122 00
00 0 234 02
02 02 346 10
10 10o
011
OlI 03
03 33 12:~:
223 69
69 0OP 235 69
69 OP
O 347 91
92 R/5
P/s
b. With Flag
Flag i1not
notset
set(Step
(Step8),
8), pump
pump suction
suction pressure
pressure will be var- 012
012 6'3
69 OF'
OP 124
224 02
02 022 2:36 05
C'S 05S ":4:3 99 F'RT
99 PRI
ied ta 01::: 01 01 237 43
43 RCL
R L
to find aa solution
solution at
at aa given
given operating
operating pressure.
pressure. 013
014
014
01
E.9
69
01
OF'
OP
125
125
126
69
69
05
OOP
055 238 07
07 077
349
350
42
42 c;To
10
$10
10
126 05 10 lO
c. If the gas-liquid
gas-liquid ratio inin the
the return
return is
is greater
greater than
than 10,
10, aapump
pump 015
015 05 05
05 127
127 43 RRCLL 239 91
91 R/5s
R 351 69
69 OP
OP
discharge pressure
pressure must be be input
input (Step
(Step 10)
10) at each iteration. 016
016 98 ABY
98 AD','
128
128 04 044 240 99
99 PRT
P T 352 00
00 00
00
017
01? 01
01 1
1 12'~
129 91
91 R?S
R.-~S 241 42
42 STO
s O 02
02 22
01::::
018 DE,
06 66 130
130 F'RT
99 PRI 242 07
07 077 354 02
02 2
2
019
019 01
01 1 131
13! 42 STO
',;To 243 03
03 3 355 00
00 (I
0
020
020 07
07 7 132
232 04 04 244 03
03 3 356 01
01 1 I
021
021 03
03 3 13:3
133 03 33
03 245 03
03 3 857 03
03 3
022
022 03
03 3 134
134 05 5
05 5 246 05
05 5 358 05
05 5
023
023 03
03 3 1:35
135 01
01 1
1 247 03 3 359 00
00 0
024
024 07
07 7
7 136
136 07
07 7 248 02 2 360 00
00 0
02:,
025 02
02 2 137
137 o:~:
03 3 24', 01
01 :3E,l 1)0
00 0
User instructions
User instructions 026
026
027
027
(13
03
6',
69 OP
3 138
138
1:39
07
07
04
04 44
7 250
251
OE, E-
06
00 oo
00
362
363
00
00 0
69 OP
139 69 0
Press 028 01 01 140 01 252 00 oo
00
Step Procedure
Procedure Enter
Enter Press Display
Display 028
029
01
69
69
02
OP
OP
140 DI
~ 1
1
253 69 OP
69 OP
364 01
01 011
029 141
141 03 3 365 69 OP
69 0
0:30 05 05 142 05 55 01 01
Cards 1,2,3 (CLA before
1 Cards 1, 2, 3 (CLR before
1
030
031
05
43
05
RCL
142 05
255
01 01 366 05
05 055
031 43 RcL 143 6',
69 OF'
OP 00 o0
00
each)
each)
22 Start A
1,2,3
1,2,3
Jet
Jet
032
032
033
033
01
01
91
01
01
R/S
R/5
143
144
144
145
145
01
01
03
03
~01
01
3
256
257
01
01
02
1
02 22
367
3':,8
369
43
91
i
43 RRCL
111 11
L
11
R/S
91 P'S
0:34
034 9',
99 PRT
PRT 146
146 01 1 258 04 44
04 370 99 PRI
99 PRT
33 Enter
Enter or accept
accept rate A/S
Prod. rate RIS as
OS 035
035 42
42 5To
STO 147
147
DI
00
00
I
o0 259 02
02 2 371 42 5To
42 STO
4 Enter
Enter oror accept
accept Suct. press.
press, RIS
RIS PIS
P/S 036
036 01 01
01 02 148
148 00
00 o0 260 07
07 372 11
II 11
11
037
0$? 03
03 149 02 261 00
00 o
5 Display
Display minimum
minimum suction
suction RIS
RIS ASM
ASM 03:::: 07
3
, 149 02 2
262 00 o
":73 04 44
038 0? 7 150
150 0404 44 :374 03
03 3
area (in.2)
area (in.2) 03'~
039 01
01 1I 151
151 01
02 11 26:3 02 375 0101 1
Noz. area
area AN 040
040 04 4 152
152 06 6 264 02 2 :;:76 03
6 Enter
Enter oror accept
accept nozzle
nozzle RIS
RIS AN 041
04
02 2 153
06
265 OP
03 3
041 02 153 0000 0 69 OP 377 0303 33
area
area (in.2)
(in.2) 042
042 02
02 154
154 0000 0 266 02 02
02 378 07
87 77
7 Enter
Enter or accept throat Tht. area
area RIS
RIS AT 043
043 00
00 o 155
155 6',
69 O OP 267 03 3 379 01
01 1 1
044
044 00
00 o 1:,6
156 0202 022 2E,8 05 3:3,0 07
07 77
area
area (in.2)
(in.2) 045
045 02
02 157
157 6969 O OP 01
Dl 1 381 03
03 33
S8 Set Flag
Flag 11 for
for operating
operating St Flag?
Flag? 046
046 07
07 15:::
158 05 05 .5 270 03
03 382 05
05 55
047
047 69 0
69 OP 159
L59 43 ReL
43 R..L 271 01
0I 383 69
69 OP
OP
pressurerequiredat
pressure given
required at given Flag
Flag 11 048
048 01
01 011 160
[60 0505 055 272 06
06 6 384 01 01
02 01
prod. & PIP
PIP.Do Do not
not set
set or lnv
Inv St 049
049 01
01 1 I 161
161 91
91 P/S/S 273 00
00 0 385 01
01 1 1
Flag Flag i1 050

050 07
07 7
7 162
162 9999 PRIRT 274 00
00 I) :;::::6 05 55
Flag 11 for
for constant
constant 051
051 03
03 It,:3 275 00
00 0 3:37
05
04 44
3 143 4242 STOTO 04
operating pressure,
pressure, R/S
RIS 052
052 01
01 I 164
144 0505 05
05 276 00
00 0 3:3:3 01
01 11
99 Enter
Enter or accept operating
operating Op.
Op. press. R/S
press. RIS PT
PT 053
053 02
02 2 165
165 0404 44 277 69
69 OP
0 389 0:;:
03 33
054
054 02
02 2
2 166
166 0303 33 278 03
03 033 390 07
07 77
pressure
pressure 055
055 0:3
03 3
3 167
167 0101 11
27'3 6',
69 OP
0 391 00 0
10 IfIf GLR in return
10 return is
is greater Dis.
Dis. press
press A/SRIS PO?
PD? OSE,
056 07
07 7
7 168
168 0707 7 7 280 05
05 055 392 00
00 00
057
057 02
02 2 16'3 02 281 4:~:
43 RCL
R L 3',3 6'~
69 OF'
than 10,
10, print
print GLA,
GLR, WC,
WC, 058
058 0:':
0$ $
:>
169 02
170
170 0707
2
7 282 08
08 0:::
8 394 02
OP
02
02 02
GD, 00. Enter or accept
GO, OD. accept 059
059
060
Eo', OP
69
02 02
OF' 171
171 02
02 2 2:::3
284
91
91
99
p/s
R/S
PRT
3',5 69 OF'
69 OP
PO
PD 060 02 02 172
172 0707 7
285
99
42
PRI
5To
396 05
05 05
05
QE,l
061 69 OP
69 DP 173
173 0000 o0 42 STO 397 43 RCL
43 ROL
11
11 Prints
Prints solution:
solution: Operating
Operating PT, QN,
PT, ON, 062
062 05
05 05
05 174
174 0000 o0 286 08
08 08
08 :;:9:,: 12
12 12
12
pressure, nozzle
pressure, nozzle flow
flow HP, asc,
HP, OSC, 063
063
064
43 RCL
43
02
RCL
02
175
175 69
176
69 OPOP 28
2:::
E,9 OP
69
00
OP
00
399 91 R/S
91 P'S
[76 01 01
rate, horsepower
rate, horsepower as,
OS, PS
PS 064
065
065
02
91
91 R/S
P'S
02
177
[77 02
01
02 2
01
2:::
00
04
04
00
4
4
400
401
99
42
PF.:T
99 PRI
:3To
42 STO
max.
max. non-
non- cavitating
cavitating flow,
flow, 066
066 9',
99 PRT
PRI 178
[78 03 3 29 03
03 :3
3 402 12
12 12
12
067
06? 42
42 5To
STO 179
[79 0101 11 29 01
01 11 403 RCL
43 ROL
production
production rate,
rate, pump
pump 068
068 02 02
02 02 180
180 0707 7 7 29 03
03 33 404 03 03
03 03
suction pressure.
pressure. Then 069
069 03
03 :3
3 181
181 01
01 11 2';' 03 3
03 405 42 5TD
42 STO
07Ci
070 07
07 7 1:::2
182 0::;:
03 33 29 07
07 7 406 1:~: 13
Step 2.
2. 071 01
7
1 1:0::3 29 01
23 13
071 01 1 183 0101 1
1 Dl L 407 42 STO
STO
072
072 04
04 4
4 184
184 0606 66 29 07
07 7 40:3 15
15 15
15
073
073 02
02 2
2 185
155 0000 00 29 03 3
03 409 33
33 X:>,~2
074
074 02
02 2
2 186
186 0000 0 0 29 05 5
05 410 42 5To
42 STO
075
075 00
00 (I
0 187
[57 6969 OP 2'3 69
69 OF'
OP 411 16
16 16
16
076
076 00
00 I)
0 1:3:::
[88 0202 02 02 30 01
0! 01
01 412 71 5BR
71 58R
077
077 02
02 2 1[89
:3'3 0:;:
03 3 30 02
02 2 413 15
IS EE
078
078 04
04 4
4 190
190 0:3
03 3 :;:0 02
02 2 414 9:~:
93 -
079
079 69
69 OP
OP 191
192 03
03 3 :;:0 03
03 3
3 415 04
04 44
080
080 01
01 01
01 192
192 05
05 :'
5 30 05
05 0
5 416 03
03 3 $
User defined
defined keys
keys Data registers
Data registers (O-12
(0-12 Same as for
for Data
Data 081
081 01
0! 1 193
193 01
01 1 30 01
01 1
1 417 03
03 3 3
~;:r
1 1
program) 082
082 06
06 6 194
194 07
07 7
7 30 03
03 418 32
32 XT
program) 083
083 00
00 (I 195
295 0:3
03 33 :;:0 01
01 I 419 43 RCL
43 ROL
A Start
Start o 20 as 0:::4
084 00 I) 1'36
196 06
06 66 :30 Ot,
06 6 420 07 07
A 20 OS 085
085
00
00
00 0 1'37
197 03 3
07 3 30 6';'
69 OF'
OP 421
07
22
07
ltN
22 Div
B
B 1 21 PS
21 PS 086
086 00
00 (I 198
198 06 6
06 6 31 02
02 02
02 422 77
77 GE0E
C
C 2
2 AT
22 AT 087
087 00
00 0 199
199 69 OP
69 OP 31 69
69 OP 423 14
14 D
F
088 00 (I 200 03 0303 31 05 05
05 424 25
25 CLR
o
D 13 ON
ON 23 AN
23 AN
088
089
089
00
00
00 0
200
201
201
03
E,9 OP
69 OP 31
05
43
43 RCL
ROL 425 53
53
OLP
((
E
E 14 PN
PN 24 R
24 R 090
090 00
00 0 202
202 05
05 O~,
05 31 0',
09 0',
09 426 93
93
091 69 OP 20:;: 43 ROL
PCL 31 91 R/S 427 05
A'
A' 15 00
15 OD 25 N
N 091
092
69 O
02 02
203 43 91 P'S 05 5
092 02 2 204
204 06 06
06 06 31 99
99 PRT
PRI 428 05 55
05
B' 16 GD,
GO, ASM
ASM 26 WCD,
26 WCD, NN (temp)
(temp) 093
093 6',
69 OOP 205
205 91 R'S
91 R/S 31
31
42
42
09
5TD
STO
09
429 55
55 +
C'
C, 17 Fric. Const.
17 Fric. Const. rtn
rtn 27 PO
27 PD 094
094 05
05 05
5 206
206 99PT
9'~ PRT
31
09
00 00
09 430 43 RCL
43 RCL
095 43
43 PCL
RL 207 42
42 STO 431 07
07 07
0'
D' 18 Fric.
Fric, Const.
Const. pwr
pwr 28 M,
M,Numerator
Numerator N
N
095
096
096 03
03 033
207
20:3
208 ~6
06
SO
OE.
6 32
00
01
01 1
1 432 54
54
07
))
E' 19 (1-WC)
19 (l-WC) 29 PT
29 PT 097
097 91 /::;
91 P'S 209
209
210
69 Otip
69 :32 02
02 22 433 45 yx
45 v'<
098
098 99
99 RT
PRI 210 00 000
00 :;:2 04
04 44 434 '33
93 -
oO 2 3 4 55 6 789 02 2
Flags
Flags 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 0',',
099
100
100
42
03
TO
42 STO
03
03 03
211
211
212
212
03
03
03
03
3
3 324
02
07
07 77
2 435
436
02 2
02
01
01
2
11
101
101 03
03 33 213
213 04
04 " 325 00
00 00 437 65 x
65
102
102 07
07 77 214
214 03
03 326 00
00 00 438 RCL
43 ROL
10:3
103 01
0! 1
I 215
215 o:~:
03 327 04
04 44 439 07
07 07
07
104
104 04
04 44 216
216 05
05 :328 02
02 22 440 65
65
xX
105
105 02
02 22 217
217 00
00 o 329 69 OP
69 OP 441 43 RCL
43 ROL
106
106 02
02 22 218
218 00
00 o 330 01
01 01
01 442 17
II 17
17
443 95
95 = 555
555 16
16 16
16 087
087 02
02 2 199
1 ',9 43 PCL
43 RC!. 31!
311 26
2E, 26
2f, 42:;: 65
65 X ::-:: 535
5:35 43RC!.
43. PCL 64?
647 55 t
444 STO
42 510 556
556 33 XZ
33 X. 088
088 07
07 7 200
200 12
12 12
12 312
:312 65
t,5 X
;< 424 02 2
02 536
536 27
2? 2? 648
64::: 43
4:3 RC!.
RCL
445 1:3
18 18 557
557 55 +-;- 08',
089 01
01 I 201
201 55 313
:31:3 93 -
93 425 54 E'
54 537
537 75
75 - 649
649 16 IE-
16
446 61 GTD
61 CID 55:::
558 43 RCL 090
090 03
03 3 202
202 43 RC!.
PCL 314
:314 05 5 426 65
65 X 538 43 RC!.
RCL 650 45
t,5 xX
447 13 CC
13 559
559 15 15
15 15 091
09! 02
02 2 203
203 15 15
15 15 315
315 05 ::'
5 427 53
53 C( 539
539 21 21
21 651 43 RCL
43 RC!.
448 76 LB!.
76 LBL 560 65 X 092
092 02
02 2 204
204 95 = 316 85 + 428 43 RC!.
RCL 540
540 54 ) E' 652 20 20
20
449 14 0D RCL 09:3 07 205
205 42 STO
STO 317
317 53 K( 541 55 +-:-
55 653 95
95 ==
14 561 43
43 RC!. 093 07 7 429 28
28 28
28
450 CLR
25 CLR 5E2
562 02 02 02 094
094 01
01 1 206
206 26
26 26
2E, 318
:318 01
01 1 430 33
33 X
~v~2: 542
542 43 RC!.
RCL 654 99 PRI
99 PRT
451 53 (( 095 69 OP 207
207 93
93 31 "
319 75 - 543
543 25
25 25 655 03
03 :;: 3
452
453
43 RC!.
10
10
RCL
lO
10
563
564
565
565
65
E,5
02 2
00
00
X
2
o
0
095
096
096
097
097
69
01
01
69
69
DR
01
01
OP
DR
208
208
209
209
04
03 33
4 320
322
321
43 RC!.
26
26
RCL
26
26
:~1~~
65
43 RC!.
24
4:33 24 24
R~L
X
544
544
545
545
85
55 ++
43 RC!.
PCL
656
65?
657
04
04 4
03
03 3
454 55
55 t 566
566 02 22 nq:::
098 05
05 05
05 210
210 32 :":IT
32 X1 322
322 54 ) E'
434 33
33 X2
;
.;.
. 546
546 2? 2? 658
65::: 06
06 .:, 6
455 43
43 RC!.
RCL 567
567 52 EE
c.< EE 09
09<9 69
E,9 DR
OP 211
211 43 RC!.
43 RCL 323 65 X 435 54
54 E'
547
547 95
95 = 659
659 69 OP
OP
456 08
08 08 568 94
94 +/ ---
+ .... 100 00 00 212
212 07 07
07 :324
324 43 RC!.
RCL 436 55 548
548 61 010
61 GTD 660
E.60 01 01
00 00 55 549 34 rrx
34 66! 43 RC!.
457 54 ?) 569
569 08 88
08 101
101 91
91 R/S
R'S 213
21:3 22 INV
22 INV 325
325 10
10 10
10 437 53 C 549 661 RCL
458 45
45 yxX 570 54
54 ) 102
102 43
43 RCL
RCL 214
214 77 GE 326 95
9,5 = 438 01
01 550
550 76
76 !.B!.
LBL 662 20 20
20 20
459 93
93 571
571
E'
STo
42 STO 103
103 23
23 23 215
215 13 C
C 327
327 55 t 439 75 -
1
551 24
22
CE
24 CE
111\1
663
663 69 OP
69 OP
460 02
02 2 572 17
17 17
I? 104 55
55 + 216
2i6 43 RCL
RC!. 328
:328 43 PCL
RC!. 440 43 RC!.
RCL 552
552 22 THY 644
6E,4 05 05
461 01
01 11 573
--"";' 92 RTN
92 105
105 43 F:CL
RCL 217
217 13 13
13 13 329
329 16
16 16
16 441 24
24 24 553
_.) .1.;, E:7 IFF
87 1FF 665
665 99 PRT
99 PRI
462 65
65 x
X 106
106 22
22 22 218
218 55 +
55 330 95
95 = 442 54
54 ) E'
554
554 01
01 01
01 666
666 03 3
n:::: :'=:
F:CL yX 555
555 33 2<1 667
667 03
03 :;:
3
463
464
465
43
43
08
DE:
f.5
65
RCL
0"
08
X
107
107
10:3
108
109
',5
95
42
42 STO
STO
219
219
220
220
221
221
43
43 F:CL
15
15
95
95 =
RC!.
15
15
331
331
332
333:3
n
45 'r';<
45
93
0'
02 ?
2
11~1 54
33
~~ ,',
Xa
E'
556
556
557
557
43 PCL
4"'
14
RC!.
14
668
669
6E,9
n:,
03 3
06
06 6
JET 109 24
24 24 445 95 =
75 -
466 43
43 RCL
RC!. JET 110
110 03
03 3 222
222 44 sur'l
SLIM 3344 01 11 446 75
75 - 558
558 670
670 69
69 OP
17 17
17 17 111
111 03
03 3 223
223 26
26 26 26 3355 65
65 X
x 447 53
53 C
559
559 53 (
K 671 01 01
95 = 000 76 LB!.
76 L8L 112 03
03 3 224
224 76 LS!.
76 LBL 336E, 43 RC!.
RCL .448 01
01 I 560
560 43 RC!.
RCL 672
672 43 RC!.
RCL
42 STD
42 810 001 11
11 A
A 11:3
113 07
07 7 225
225 13
13 C C 337
33? 16
16 16
16 449 93
93 561
561 0?
07 07 673
673 21
21 21
21
18
18 18
18 002 02 22
02 114
114 69 DR
69 OP 226
226 43 RC!.
43 RCL 338
338 65 Xx
65 450 02
0222
562
562 65
65 xX 674
674 69 OP
6'3 OP
76 LBL
76 LEI!. 003 05 55
05 115
115 01
01 01
01 227
22? 19
19 19
19 339
339 53 K( 451 65
S xX 563
SE3 43 RC!.
RCL 675 05
05 0505
13
13 C
C 004 01
01 1 I
116
116 69 DR
69 OP 228 65 X::-::
65 :340
340 43
43 RC!.
RCL 452 43
43 RC!.
F:CL 564
564 CI
01 - 01 676
E,76 99 PRI
'1'1PRT
43 RCL
43 RC!. 005
005 07
0? i
7 117
117 05 05
05 05 22',
229 4:3RC!.
43 RCL 341
341 15 15 45:3 24
24 24 24 565
565 54
54 E' 67?
677 91 R'S
',1 R/S
- 05
05 05 006
006 03
03 3 11','
118 RCL
43 RCL
43 230
230 20
20 20 20 :342
342 45
45 'r'xX 454 33 X2 566
5f,6 85 +
E:5 678
678 76 LB!.
76 LBL
STD
42 STD 007 07 77
0? 119 29 2',
29 29 231
231 65
65 xX :343
343 01 1
1 455 65
65 xX 567
567 53 K(
53 679
67', 89
89 iln'
13
13 13 008 69 DR
69 OP 120
120 91 R'S
91 R/S 232 43 PCL
RC!. 344
344 ~
9,
93 456 53 K
568
568 4:3 RCL
43 RC!. 680 53 (
K
43 RC!.
43 RCL 00'1
009 01
01 01
DI 121
12! 99 PRI
99 PRT 233
233 11 11
11 11 345
345 07
07 77 01
457 01 1
1
569
569 18 18 681
681 53 (
K
04 04
04 010 69 OP
OP 122
122 42 STO
42 STD 234
234 55 + 346 09
09 9
9 45E: 85
85 + 570
570 65
65 xX 682
682 43 RCL
RC!.
69 + 53 (
STO
42 STD 011 05
05 05
05 123
123 29
29 29
29 235
235 43 RCL
43 RC!. 347 54
54 ) E' 459 43 RC!.
43 RCL 571 53 K 683 21 21
14
14 14
14 012 E,9 Op
OP 124 76 LBL 236
236 15
15 15
15 348
348 65 x 460 28 572
572 43 RC!.
43 RCL 684
684 55
SS
012 69 124 76 !.BL X 28 28 28 13 1313
43
43 RC!.
RCL 01:3
013 00
00 00
00 125
125 23 Ll1X
23 LHX 237
237 95
95 = 349
349 43
43 RCL
RC!. 461 54
54 ) 573
573 13 685
685 4:3
43 RCL
RC!.
13
13 1:3
13 014 03
03 3:3 126
126 85
85 ++ 238
23E: 32 Xfl
,;i~ >~:T 350
350 17
1? I?
17 4E,2 33 >~2
:3:3
E'
574
574 54
54 E') t,86
686 00
00 00
54
00
75 - 015 04
04 44 127
127 43 RCL
PCL 239 01 1I :351
351 95 = 463 54
54 E'
5;'5
575 45 '(X
45 'y'::-:: 687
687 54 ) E'
43 RC!.
43 RCL 016
016 03
03 33 12','
128 07
07 070? 40
240 00
00 00 352
352 85 ++ 464 ',5
95 = 576
576 01 I 688
68E: 34 n<
34 flC
- 14 14
14 14 017
017 06
06 6f, 129
129 E,S
65 41
241 77
77 0E GE :353
353 43
43 RC!.
PCL 465 42 STO
:3TO 5??
577 93 689 35 !/X
35 1/X
95 =; 018
013 69 OP
69 OP 130
130 PCL
43 RC!. 42
242 14
14 D
D 354
354 06 06 466 28
28 28 28 578
578 07
07 1
7 690
690 55
55 -;-
+
- ;u- 42 STO
42 STO 019
019 01
01 01
01 131
131 01
01 01
01 43
243 02
02 2 355
355 85
35 +
+ 467 55
SS 579
579 09
09 .,9 691
691 06
06 6
15 15
IS 15 020 69 OP
OP 132 75 -
75 44
244 02
02 2 35':,
354 53 K( 46E: 5:3 580
580 54
54 ) 692
692 09
09 99
020 69 132 53 53 C
E'
693
43 RC!.
43 RCL 021
021 05 05
05 05 133
133 43 RC!.
43 RCL 45
245 02
02 2 357
357 43
4:3RC!.
RCL 469 01
Dl 1
581
581 95
95 =
= 693 01
02 11
13 13
13 13 022
022 43 RC!.
43 RCL 134
34 18
8 1:"
18 46
246 07
0? 7 358
358 16
16 16
16 470 93
93 582
582 42 STO
42 STO 694
694 85
55 ++
- : 33X1
33 X' 023 20 20 135 65 47
247 03
03 3 35',
359 65 " 471 nn oO 583
583 29
29 29
29 695
695 53
50 (
023 20 20 135 65 65 X 00 K
- i 75
75 - 024
024 91
91 R/S
R'S 136
136 53 C 2484E: 05
05 5 360
360 43
43 RC!.
PCL 4 72 n~:
03 3 584
584 74 !.!.
7E, LBL 696
696 43 F:CL
43 RC!.
- 43 RCL
43RC!. 025
025 99 PRT
PRI 137 43 F:CL 49
249 69 OP
69 DP 361
361 01 01 47:;: 75 585
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Jet pumpGS
Fric.
PD
PS
AN
WeD
OS
R
D1.0N
M.
D2, -const.
Wellhead
AT
Rtn.ID
N
PT PS=
TBGOD
Wellhead
ASM
Instructions
Instructions
OS=
PD
TBGID
AT=
AN
Water
GOR=
Return
PT=
HP=
ON
Numer.
PN == =
viscocut
__
__
N rtn.R27
Function
Function
?___
__ R1S
RIS
__
=
__
=ID= R20
R21
__
calculation
= R11
R23
R28
R25
R24
R22
R16
R15
R14
R29
R10
__
R17
R18
R12
R13
R19
=__
___
R26 RWater
Gas
Prod.
eturn
Throat
Nozzle
Oil
28
,Tbg Nvisco
SF01 New cut
oil
for rate
ID
limit.
WC,or
nozzleratio
each
area
area
data
prod.
CF01
program
GD. each
iteration
>variable
RIS
rate.
25accept
IF
OD.
flow. RIS
RIS
R1S
GLR infor
XEO"Jet"
RIS
for
horse- JET
return
PS=
OS=
WC=Data
HP-4lCSize:
OSC=
OD= = __
GDGLR. ____ __,, 2) 030
Jet
17 and
Viscooil
Setting
Fric.
Water
Tbg.
Gas
(012
pump
Start(1-WC)
Depth
TBG
Tbg.OD
(D1
Tbg.ID
Grad.Oil
JET
(1-WC)
PWR grad.
(Step
depth
const.
pwr
-oil
length
cut
water
D~)
oil (GN)
grad.
(GO)
ratio =(D)
Display
length
D2).OD
(WC) 17)
___
pwr. ___
Step
(L)
(GW)Input
(GOR)
calculation
&<0)
jet calculation
Input
= Water
Prod.
Suct.
Pwr.
Setting
W26
__ellhead
ROO
27
__
R04 Newoil
Operatinggrad.
press
grad.
power.
length
IDDisplays
Enter
(temp.)
pump
OD
GD.,ASM
R01
R03 (0grad.
depth
press.
point
suction
for
R05
program XEO"Jet"
10.
cavitation
or solution:PDdisplay
pressure Size:,Storage
DATA(Step
GLR=
HP-41C Operating ,
press.
030 R0824 Enter
R07
R02
R06
R09 or (PWH)
press. accept pressure
Step Instructions
Step Input Function Display Step Instructions Input Function Display
1 Set status and key 24 Enter or accept Operating R/S PT=
in the program pressure
2 Start program XEQ'Jet' Data 25 IF CLR in return GLR =
3 Start data entry RIS 10, display GLR. WC
4 Enter or accept Setting depth RIS Depth = WC, GD, OD. GD =
5 Enter or accept Tbg length RiS lEG length = Enter or accept PD OD =
6 Enter or accept Tbg ID RiS TBG ID for each iteration RIS PD=?
7 Enter or accept Tbg OD (O for RiS lEG OD 26 Displays solution: RIS for PT =
parallel return) Operating press., each QN =
8 Enter or accept Return ID RiS Return ID = nozzle flow, horse- variable HP =
9 Enter or accept Wellhead press. RiS Wellhead power, cavitation OSC =
press. limit, prod. rate, OS =
10 Enter or accept Pwr, grad. RiS PWR grad. = pump suction pressure PS =
Il Enter or accept Prod, oil grad. R/S Oil grad = 27 New point PIS JET (Step 17)
12 Enter or accept Water grad. RiS Water 28 New data XEQ"Jet" DATA (Step 2)
grad. =
13 Enter or accept Oil visc. RIS Oil visc
14 Enter or accept Gas oil ratio R/S COR =
15 Enter or accept Water cut RIS Water cut =
16 Calculates CS, JET
friction constants
and (1-WC)
17 Start jet calculation RIS
Storage
18 Enter or accept Prod, rate RIS QS
19 Enter or accept Suct. press RIS PS = Roo GS RIO Viso, oil (Po) R20 OS
20 Calculates minimum RIS ASM = Rol Setting depth (D) Rll Gas oil ratio (COR) P21 PS
suction area R02 Tbg. length (L) Rl 2 Water cut (WC) P22 AT
21 Enter or accept Nozzle area RIS AN = R03 Tbg. ID R13 Dl QN R23 AN
22 Enter or accept Throat area RIS AT = R04 Tbg. OD R14 DZ PN R24 R
23 Set Flag 01 for SF01 or CFO1 RIS R05 Rin. ID Als (Dl - D2), OD R25 N
operating pressure ROS Wellhead Rl 6 pl2 - D22) R26 WCD
required at given press. (PWH) GD,ASM N (temp.)
PS & QS. Do R07 Grad. pwr (GN) Rl 7 Fric. conet. (to. R27 PD
not Set Flag 01 ROS Grad, oil (GO) Rl8 Fric. const. pwr. P28 M, Numer. N
for constant oper- R09 Grad, water (GW) R19 (1-WC) R29 PT
ating pressure.
Program Listing-HP-41
Program Listing-HP-41CC (size
(size 030)
030)
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Part 3-How
Part 3How design
designcalculations compare
calculations compare
with actual
with actual field
field performance
performance
Jet pumping
Jet pumping oil
oil wells
wells
H. L.
H. L. Petrie,
Petrie, Manager,
Manager; Advanced
Advanced Systems
SysterrisEngineering,
Engineering, Na-
Na-
tional Supply
tional Supply Co.,
Co., Los Nietos, Calif.,
Los Nietos, Calif., R
P. M. Wilson, Applica-
M. Wilson, Applica-
tion Engineer,
tion Engineer, Kobe,
Kobe, Inc.,
Inc., Huntington
Huntington Park,
Park, Calif.,
Calif., and
and E.
E.
E. Smart,
E. Smart, Technical
Technical Service
Service Engineer,
Engineer, Guiberson
Guiberson Div.,
Div., cavitation zone
Dresser Industries,
Inc., Dallas,
Dallas, Tex.
Tex.
IN THE
IN THE FIRST
FIRSTtwo twoinstallments
installments(see (seeNovember
November and and De-
De-
cember 1983
cember issues of
1983 issues of WORLD
WORLDOIL), OIL), thethe theory
theory of
of hydraulic
hydraulic
jet pumping
jet pumping was was explained
explained and and equations
equations usedused in
in design
design cal-
cal-
culations were presented.
culations 'were presented. In In addition,
addition, twotwo hand-held
hand-held com-com-
puter (TI-59
puter (TI-59 andand I-IP-41C) programs were
HP-41C) programs were given along with
given along with
instructions
instructions for for running
running them.
them. In In this
this concluding
concluding article,
article,
that information
that information is used along
is used along with
with performance
performance characteris-
characteris-
tics of
tics of three
three makes
makes ofof pumps
pumps totodesign
design somesome example
example in-in-
stallations.
stallations. And
And finally, the calculated
finally, the calculated design
design parameters
parameters are are
compared with
compared with actual
actual field
field performance.
performance.
In earlier
In earlier installments,
installments, the the TI-59
TI-59 andand HP-41C
HP-41 C machines
machines
were
were referred
referred to to as
as hand-held
hand-held computers,
computers, however,
however, since
since this
this
article
article will
will be
be comparing
comparing calculations
calculations mademade byby them
them toto those
those
produced
produced by by large,
large, more
more sophisticated
sophisticated systems,
systems, the
the hand-
hand-
i,2OO
/
helds
helds henceforth
henceforth will will be called
called calculators
calculators to avoidavoid confu-
confu- a Intake pressure, psi
sion.
sIOn. Power fluid
pressure, psi
PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCE CHARTS
CHARTS
Kobe created the
Kobe created the format
format shownshown inin Fig. Fig. 7, 7, and
and hashas thethe
chart
chart drawn
drawn by by aa computer-driven
computer-driven plotter. plotter. Guiberson
Guiberson em- em-
ploys
ploys aa similar
similar procedure
procedure (Fig. (Fig. 8).8). Referring
Referring to to Fig.
Fig. 7,7, enter
enter Fig.
Fig. 7Example
7-Example computer-generated
computer-generated performance
performance curves for
curves for a
a
the
the chart
chart on on the
the horizontal
horizontal axis axis at at aa particular
particular production
production Kobe
Kobe jet
jet pump.
pump.
rate
rate (2,040
(2,040 bpd)bpd) andand read
read upward
upward to to the
the appropriate
appropriate pump pump
intake
intake pressure
pressure (1,500
(1,500 psi)psi) identified
identified by by the
the curves
curves rising
rising to to
the
the right.
right. Read
Read to to the
the left
left to
to the
the vertical
vertical axis
axis to to obtain
obtain power
power given
given in
in part
part 22 for
for both
both the
the TI-59
TI-59 and
and HP-41C
HP-41C machines.
machines.
fluid
fluid rate
rate (2,695
(2,695 bpd).
bpd). TheThe triplex
triplex pressure
pressure is is obtained
obtained by by Program
Program listings
listings were also included.
were also included. At
At each
each point
point requiring
requiring
interpolating
interpolating betweenbetween the the power
power fluid fluid pressure
pressure curvescurves fall-
fall- an
an input
input value,
value, the
the value
value currently
currently in
in storage
storage will
will be
be dis-
dis-
ing
ing to
to the right (3,230
the right psi). The
(3,230 psi). The IPR IPR curve
curve can can be be superim-
superim- played.
played. To retain
retain or
or accept
accept this
this value,
value, press
press R/S.
R/S. To
To change
change
posed
posed on on the
the chart.
chart. this
this value,
value, enter
enter the
the new
new value
value and
and press
press RIS.
R/S.
National
National Production
Production Systems presents pump
Systems presents pump performance
performance
data
data in in the
the format
format shownshown in in Fig.
Fig. 9. 9. Here,
Here, aa normal
normal IPR IPR Example
Example 1. 1. Consider
Consider the the following data for
following data for aa hypothetical
hypothetical
curve
curve is drawn and
is drawn and pump
pump performance
performance curves curves arc are superim-
superim- well; tubulars
well; tuhulars are
are 23/a-in.
23/a-in. tubing
tubing inside
inside 51/2-in.
5112-in. casing:
casing:
posed
posed on on it.
it. Since
Since thisthis format
format is is simpler
simpler for for hand
hand plotting
plotting Depth: 5,000 ft Prod oil
oil grad: 0.353 psi/ft
psi/ft
and
and since there is
since there is aa tendency
tendency in in the
the current
current literature
literature to to pre-
pre- Tbg length:
length: 6,000 ft Water grad: 0.446
0.446 psi/ft
psi/ft
sent
sent artificial
artificial liftlift performance
performance curves curves in in this
this manner,
manner, this this Tbg OD:
aD: 2.375
2.375 in.
in. Oil visc:
Oil visc 2.5 cp
format
format is is suggested
suggested for for use
use with
with the the programs
programs presented
presented in in Tbg ID:
ID: 1.995
1.995 in.
in. GaR: O0 scf/bbl
SOR: scf/bbl
part
part 2.2. Return ID:
Return ID: 4.892
4.892 in.in. 0.30
Water cut: 0.30
To
To interpret
interpret Fig.Fig. 9, 9, enter
enter the the chart
chart on on the
the horizontal
horizontal axis axis Welihead press: 100
Wellhead press: loo psi
psi Production: 500 bpd bpd
at
at aa particular
particular production
production rate rate (205
(205 bpd).
bpd). Read
Read upward
upward to to Pwr
Pwr grad: 0.353
0.353 psi/ft
psi/ft Bottomhole
Bottomhole press: 1,0001,000 psi
psi
the
the appropriate
appropriate pump pump intake
intake pressure
pressure (1,550(1,550 psi).psi). Power
Power
fluid
fluid pressure
pressure can can be be read
read by by interpolating
interpolating between between the the The
The calculator
calculator program
program indicates
indicates a minimum
minimum suction
suction area
curves (3,200 psi).
curves (3,200 psi). Power
Power fluid
fluid rates
rates areare obtained
obtained by inter- inter- (throat
(throat annulus
annulus area)
area) of
of 0.0143
0.0141 in.2
in.2 (sample
(sample TI-59
TI-59 output
output
polating
polating between
between the the values
values listed
listed (approximately
(approximately 803 803 bpd).
bpd). tapes
tapes are included
included in Table
Table 5). Referring
Referring to to Tables
Tables 2, 33 and
and 44
(see
(see part
part 1),
1), note
note that
that above
above aa certain
certain size
size nozzle,
nozzle, all
all comhi-
combi-
USING THE nations
nations have
have adequate
adequate area.
area. Below
Below this
this size,
size, only
only certain
certain ra-
ra-
USING THE CALCULATOR
CALCULATOR PROGRAMS
PROGRAMS tios have adequate
tios have adequate area.
area. Generally,
Generally, thethe smallest
smallest pumps
pumps thatthat
Instructions
Instructions for the for
use ofthe use of programs
the calculator the calculator
were will programs
will satisfy
satisfy the were
the throat
throat annulus
annulus area
area requirement
requirement are
are candi-
candi-
PDF compression, OCR, web optimizationReprinted

Reprinted from
using
Copyright
from WORLD
Copyright 1984
aby Gull
1984 by
watermarked
WORLD Oil,
Gulf Publishing
OIL,January
Publishing Co.,
Januaryevaluation
Co., Houston.
1984
1984
Houston, Texas.
Texas.
copy of CVISION PDFCompressor
All rights
All rights reserved.
reserved. Used
Used with
with permission.
permission.
1,300
1,800
1.200
"& 1,800
i!
1,100
soc oo
i000p' ~
1,200 - : 1,400
7 '"
S
.5
1,600
-. q'
Q.
1,200
800L
/ Q.
1,000
600 F- -'
50O-'
PIg. 9-Example
Fig. 9-Example computer-generated
computer-generated curves
curves for
for aa National
National jet
jet
400- pump. Numbers
pump. adjacent to
Numbers adjacent to curves
curves are
are power
power fluid
fluid rates,
rates, bpd.
bpd. Also
Also
shown is the calculator prediction for Example
shown is the calculator prediction for Example 2. 2.
300 \2800 j
200
I / TABLE5-Sample
TABLE 5-Sample TI-59
TI-59 tapes
tapes
-j I' DATA 658.
DATAENTRY
E?TRV 545C1736
500.
0.0241
463.
1000.
500.
1000.
:3000. JET WITH
3000.1000.
500. JET WITHOUT JETWITHOUT
I. ,JATER
PROD
bJATER
Pl~IR 5000.
GOP
DEPTH
RETURIj
T8G
CUT
OIL
T8G
OIL
GRAD
GRAD 2.375
4.8:.
I,JELL
E,OOO.GRAD 100.
D0.:3
0.353
0.4461.O.
I ..
LEtjGTH
ODIDVIse
O. - Triplex
9'~5
'::'."-'
:35:3
HEAD FLAGpressure, psi
- - Formation pressure, psi
PRESS I)::::;
SET
30. PS
AT
FLAG'?
Rr-j
ASN 500.
1132.
:::E.887774
AT
JET
PS
PT
F'S
HP
F'S
I]SJET
FLAG?JET
0.0055
QSC
A:,;i'1
I]S
FLAG
F'T
Atjt-~
3500.
916.
0.0241
500.
800.
FLAG?
SOt.,
500.
i)t-j
CiASI'!
QSC
AT
0.0055
PS
PT
F'T
I):;:
.JET
Rfl .0141220402
4'31.
700.9585006
.0141220402
Ij::::
JET 1578:::920'3
6:30.
3:3. JETPT
HP
QSC
F':,
I) WITHOUT
WITHOUT
WITH
3000
26.26761105
332:3.000943
HP:3000.
FLAG or-i
1]:3
.3500 0.0241
0.0055
psi
psi
43T27E.
53:36:375;::
FLAG SET FLAG 2000 psi FLAG 3500 psi
100
DATA
- Cavilalion limit
JET JET JET
o OS
0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 DEPTH 500. 500. '
Production, bpd 50CL. PS PS --
TOC LENGTH 1000. L000. - soo
600C. ASH Ash
TOG ID .C15l220402 .0141220402 0157fl9209
I.. AH AH AH
Fig.
Fig. 8-Example
a-Example computer-generated
computer-generated performance
performance curves for
curves for aa TB OD 0. 0055 0. 0055 0. toss
AT
Guiberson
Guiberson jet
jet pump.
pump. RETURN 10 0.0241
AT
0. 0241
AT
FLAC?
0 041
4.892 FLAG? c G" -
WELL HERD PRESS PT PT
100. 3000. 3000.
dates
dates to
to consider.
consider. Usually;
Usually, considering
considering three
three different
different ratios
ratios PUlP GRAD P1 PT PT
'
will clarify the trade-offs

clarify the trade-offs between
betweenpower
powerfluid
fluidrate,
rate, operating
operating 0. 353 3323. 00094T 3000. ssno
pressure
pressure and
and required
required horsepower,
horsepower, and and enable
enable selection
selection ofof an
PR9D CIEL CRA3
0.353
QN
491.
ON
463.
'l '
-
optimum
optimum size.size. WATER CP3 HP
:r.
-1
HP -
...L.J:8??7A Db2?61105 3.53363?5?
Likely candidates from
Likely candidates from the Guiberson
Guiberson options
options (Table
(Table 2)2) asc
arc
are A-3,
A-3, B-3
B-3 and
and B-4.
B-4. Possibilities
Possibilities from
from Kobe
Kobe include
include 4-C,
4-C, COR -.
700 9535006 t: 4fl276
5-B
5-B and
and 6-B
6-B (Table
(Table 3)3) and
and the
the same
same size
size designations
designations from
from 0. 500. 500. coo
WATER CUT PS '5 -
National
National (Table
(Table 4).4). For
For this
this example,
example, thethe Guiberson
Guiberson sizes
sizes 10CC:. :::: z
I6.
will
will be
be evaluated.
evaluated. TheThe calculator
calculator program
program was was run with
with the
the
flag
flag set.
set. The
The following
following results
results were
were obtained:
obtained:
Size R PT ON
QN HP OSC
QSC OS
QS PS
PS at an operating
operating pressure
pressure of
of about
about 4,100
4,100 psi. Power
Power fluid
fluid rates
rates
A-3
A-3 0.23 3,324
3,324 491
491 31
31 658
658 500
500 1,000
1,000 are indicated
are indicated at at several points near
several points near thethe desired
desired production
production
8-3
B-3 0.40
0.40 2,566
2,566 764
764 37
37 517
517 500
500 1,000
1,000 rate.
rate.
8-4
B-4 0.30
0.30 2,311
2,311 734
734 32
32 775
775 500
500 1,000
1,000 The
The flow
flow ofof calculations
calculations in in the
the calculator
calculator program
program and and the
the
In this form of
form of the
the output
output areare different
different if if sufficient
sufficient gas
gas is present
present
In this case,
case, the A-3
A-3 combination would produce
combination would produce thethe de-
de- such that
that the
the gas-liquid
gas-liquid ratio
ratio (CLR)
(GLR) inin thethe return
return conduit
conduit to to
sired 500 bpd with such
sired 500 bpd with the least
least horsepower, but at
horsepower, but at the
the highest
highest the surface is greater
greater than
than ten
ten standard
operating the surface is standard cubic
cubic feet per barrel
feet per barrel
operating pressure.
pressure. The
The calculator
calculator program
program was then run
was then run for
for of liquid.
liquid. IfIf the
the of the GLR
CLR is less than 10,
less than 10, pump
pump discharge
discharge pres-
pres-
the A-3 combination with
A-3 combination with the
the flag
flag not
not set
set and thc
the following
following sure (PD) is calculated
calculated by by Eq.
Eq. 2121 (see
(see part
part 2) as
results
results were obtained:
were obtained: sure (PD) is as if no
no gas
gas
were present.
were present.
Size R PT
PT ON
QN HP OSC
QSC OS
QS PS
PS
A-3
A-3 0.23
0.23 3,000
3,000 475 27 642 400 949
949 Example with gas. To
Example 1 with To illustrate
illustrate aa case
case in which the CLR
which the CLR is
is
3,000
3,000 463
463 26 701
701 500 1,132
1,132 greater than
greater than 10,10, consider
consider thethe same
same data
data as as in
in the
the preceding
preceding
3,000
3,000 450 26
26 761
761 600
600 1,336
1,336 example, but
example, but with
with GOR
COR setset to
to 150
150 scf/bbl
scf/bblinindatadata entry.
entry. The
The
3,500
3,500 520
520 34 545
545 400
400 695
695 addition of
addition of gas
gas causes the required
causes the required throat
throat annulus
annulus areaarea
3,500
3,500 506
506 34 630 500
500 916
916 QISM)toto increase
(ASM) increasefromfrom0.0141
0.0141in.2in.2toto 0.0163
0.0163in.2 in) Sample
Sample
3,500
3,500 495
495 33
33 696
696 600 1,119
1,119 HP-41C
HP-41 tapes for
C tapes for the
the 4-D
4-D nozzle
nozzle and
and throat
throat combination
combination are are
shown in
shown in Table
Table 6,6, although
although aa printer
printer isis not
not required
required to to run
run
These
These data
data are
are plotted
plotted in Fig.
Fig. 10.
10. A line
line indicating
indicating a PI PI of the program
the program on on the
the HP-41C.
HP-41C. In this example,
example, National
National sizes
sizes
will be
be evaluated.
evaluated. Note Note that
that in
in the
the smaller
smaller sizes, Kobe andand
s
1.0
1.0 is also plotted through
also plotted through the
the target
target production
production point.
point. The
The will sizes, Kobe
operating
operating pressure
pressure curves
curves are
are plotted
plotted over
over a range
range of of intake
intake National systems
National systems havehave very
very similar
similar nozzle
nozzle andand throat
throat sizes.
sizes.
pressures
pressures that
that includes
includes the
the target
target flowing
flowing bottomhole
bottomhole pres- pres- Possible sizes
Possible sizes include
includethe the 7-A,
7-A, 6-B,
6-B, 5-C
5-C and
and 4-D4-D combina-
combina-
sure.
sure. This
This allows
allows for some uncertainty
for some uncertainty in in the
the input
input data
data and
and tions. The
tions. The calculator program was
calculator program was run
run with
with thethe flag
flag set
set to
shows
shows thethe pump
pump performance
performance over over aa range
range of of conditions.
conditions. obtain the
obtain the following
following results.
results. Vertical
Vertical multiphase
multiphase annularannular
Note
Note that
that maximum
maximum production
production obtainable
obtainable with
with this
this pump
pump is flowing gradient
flowing gradient curves
curves were
were used
used toto determine
determine the the pump
pump
approximately
approximately 620 620 bpd
bpd at the intersection
intersection of of the
the PI line
line with
with discharge pressure
discharge pressure based
based onon program
program output
output of of the
the discharge
discharge
the
the cavitation
cavitation line.
line. Extrapolation
Extrapolation indicates
indicates this
this would
would occur
occur values of
values of gas-liquid
gas-liquid ratio,
ratio, water
water cut,
eut, gradient
gradient and and flow
flow rate.
rate.
Nozzle-throat combination: A-3, 2-in. Nozzle throat combination: 4-D, 2-in.
p'.-
462 'S.
,;
/1
<f
507
//
ws
Fig. 11-Calculator
11-Calculator prediction
predictionfor
forExample
Examplei 1with gas. Numbers
withgas. Numbersad-
ad-
Fig. 10-Calculator
predictionfor
forExample
Example1.1.Numbers
Numbersadjacent
adjacent to
to jacent to
to curves
curves are
are power
power fluid
fluidrates,
rates, bpd.
bpd. Jet pump
pump operation
operation must
must
power fluid
curves are power fluidrates, bpd. Jet pump
rates, bpd. pump operation
operation must
must be
be above
above be
be above and
and left of cavitation
left of cavitation line.
line.
leftof
and left of cavitation
cavitationline.
line.
The values
The values shown
shown are
are from
from the
the last
last iteration:
iteration: an
an existing
existing installation.
installation. IfIf sufficient
sufficient gas
gas is
is present
present to
to result
result in
in
Size R PT
PT ON
QN HP
HP QSC
OSC OS
QS PS PO
PD aa CLR greater than
CLR greater than 1010 in
in the
the return
return flow,
flow, parameters
parameters are
are dis-
dis-
7-A
7-A 0.380
0.380 2,337
2,337 798
798 35
35 517
517 500
500 1,000 1,740
1,740 played to
played to enable
enable thethe user
user toto determine
determine aa pumppump discharge
discharge
6-B
6-B 0.299
0.299 2,254 621
621 26
26 584
584 500 1,000 1,670
1,670 pressure using gas
pressure using lift charts.
gas lift charts. Otherwise,
Otherwise, thethe program
program calcu-
calcu-
5-C
5-C 0.235
0.235 2,498 511
511 24
24 637
637 500
500 1,000 1,655
1,655 lates
lates pump
pump discharge
discharge pressure.
pressure. Conditional
Conditional statements
statements in in
4-D
4-D 0.184
0.184 2,849
2,649 420
420 23
23 680
680 500
500 1,000
1,000 1,640
1,640 the
the program
program allowallow correct
correct calculations with either
calculations with either water
water oror
oil
oil power
power fluid.
fluid.
Note
Note that
that the
the pump
pump discharge
discharge pressure
pressure (PD)
(PD) decreases
decreases Another
Another program
program option
option permits
permits consideration
consideration of of differ-
differ-
with
with the smaller
smaller nozzles.
nozzles. This
This is is because
because less
less power
power fluid
fluid is
is ent
ent tubing
tubing arrangements.
arrangements. In In data
data entry,
entry, if
if tubing
tubing ODOD is is en-
en-
mixed
mixed with
with the
the production
production and and GLR CLR is higher.
higher. In thethe pre-
pre- tered,
tered, it
it is
is assumed
assumed that that the
the return
return flow
flow isis in
in the
the annular
annular
vious example with
vious example with nono gas,
gas, the
the calculated
calculated value
value of PDPD was
was space betweenthe
space between the tubing
tubing OD
OD and and the
the casing
casing ID.
ID. The
The inside
inside
1,938 psi. As
1,938 psi. As can
can bebe seen
seen from
from Table
Table 6, when
when thethe GLR
CLR is is diameter of
diameter of the
the casing
casing isisentered
enteredasasthethereturn
return ID.
ID. This
This isis
greater
greater than
than 10,
10, aa value
value for
for PD
PD must
must be entered
entered atat each
each itera-
itera-
tion.
tion. Usually
Usually after
after the
the first
first couple
couple of of iterations,
iterations, the
the values
values of
of
CLR, we, CD
CLR, WC, CD and QD have stabilized
QD have enough that
stabilized enough that the same
same TABLE6-Sample
TABLE 6-Sample HP-41C tapes
HP-41 C tapes
value of
value of PD
PD may
may bebe entered
entered each each time.
time. This
This can
can be
be done
done ENTRY
DATA ENTRY GLP=59, ~lqp
ml::'~32.
JET1,6V. JEP
~s~=e,~ld
JET
QD=932.
GLR=56.
ps=! ph.3,5e0.
FLAG
p~:=!
WC=B,!6FLQp
qS=5~~"
p$=!'eei.
PT=3,ee0.
lis=see.
ilSN=g,01f3
iH=l,&27!
PT=2,Sge.
GD=e,368
r.!I=~,
GLR=56,
PIi=?i,64,},
l.IC=e.!6
'!(:=6.16
GD=B,3t,8
GLR=56.,
W=B,16
pr,=?1,640,
PD=')I,f,4;),
QD=Q3;:',
1,640,
(;D=~,
FLAG
io!(:=0,17
GD=~,
QD=933,
PD=')L640,
QI:=B94,
PD='!L63\?,
PD=?I,ne,
Q[!=89'::.
GLR=5,.
Q>l=3?4,
PT=2,
,JC=0,f7
Gf;=i1,
GL&:.59,
QD=934,
P!i=)L640,
GLR=5,
f;LR=56,
WC=0,:b
GD=6.368
PD=')j,6_3f1,
GL~=59.
wc=e,17
WC=0,P
Gr.=0,36'?
P[!='l!
GLP=%,
~C-=B.
1)[1=925,
GLP=59.
wC=~,
Grl=~,
flf!=89<:,
PD=?1,68i).
PD=-)I,683.
GLR=57
~C=I}.
G~=O,
GLR=58.
ilC=~,
GD=a,3f9
QIi=899,
JET
QN=13,fleS0
QSM=e.e!f.,3
1J,T=0.i327!
FLQI;':'
GD=0,369
ps= PD=)!,JET
~WITHOUT
Pll="ji..640,,,,fj~,
GLP=55.
i-I(:=~,
9S=Si3f1,
QSC::71"i,
HP=lY,
GLP=5':<,
PD=8'~4,
GIi=U68
ijfi=895,
PI:="j!,630,
QD=n9,
.JET
IW=B,eeSl3
.lEi ,e~l,
368
2500psi
36~
50~,
369
,E-~0.
1E
;?
G[:=0,368
QD=3~,736'2
17
IiH=e,ees,
AT::B.627:
9$='50e. _,16
9 941;;
36Q ?5~.WIPH
WITHOUT
WITH
.. 3000psi JET WITHOUT
PD::?l,64e,
PT=3iil80.
QN=421.
flS=5ge,
PS=955,
QIi=9-3!,
WC=9.16
GD::e,368
HP=24,
QSC=662, JET WITHOUT
FLAG 3000psi
FLAG SET FLAG 2SOOpsi
merely by
merely by pressing T8G
the
pressing the W~TEP
WlFE~'
DAT"
R/S
(!e~.
RETURNa=4,8"2
~E~!_ HEcB
D=!,9S.)
Goo=150,
key
PRE~;=:~~.
LnlGTj.l=6,~ee.
O!L'J!S(=2,50
DEPT~=5.'
TBG OD=:?,
T8G 37~ 1~
GPOD=13,.:t<l6 FLAG SET
key. PD::?L64~1,
CljT=0.
PRODOILGRPD=i{,353
PWRGPP!i=fl,J5? GLP=5Q Qrf=9~7
9f!=8~6.
GL?=59,
I~D=I}.
~(:=I},
G~=B,
QD=892.
PD=ii_E8~.
WC=~,
GI\=0,
W=0,17I,36~:
GLR=5r.
l.I(=e,:s
tj(:=~.
GD=I},?68
PI""?
GLP=57,
w(=t,!7
PD="jLh4~, 36'3
!3f9
PI'='I\,640.P',t,4~:
GI...t'=:,~:,
Q!I=9!4,
G::=e,3tS
(;[1=O,368
QI'=917.
G!:::e.
GL~'=57
PD=?1,640,
GLR='57,
WC=0,16
Qrl=92e,
QD=~I 16
PI:=-)!_,';,H;,
PT=28d7,
p~=42e,
HP=23,
QBC=6Be,
QS='58e,
ps=!,eee, 36~'
~, 1) , !,64:,
~ ,6B~.
Since
Since the
the 4-D
4-D size
size required
required the the least
least horsepower,
horsepower, the
the cal-
cal-
prp jm
ee'59. 5.5$
culator program
culator program waswas run run for for this
this size with the
size with the flag
flag not
not set.
set. ttC LECtH., fl't.$$. P4'3., ''1 .0*0.
t0 !'t.0'S flS0'0.e:3 *6l,4,e:.3
The following
The results were
following results were obtained:
obtained: 06 T'2.375 OOISiS4 OPt-.O.Wt O,0.0I30
Pt")" 9.d.' T.e.t27t 6'0.027:
Size
Size R PT ON
QN HP QSC
HP OSC OS
QS PS PO
Po OELt. $6GO PPr='e. F46' 6106'
397 400 1,036 1,680
1,680 Ph* 6P*P:e.fl P4509. pm.00s
4-D
4-D 0.184
0.184 2,500 19
19 693 1,036 iL '5 GtP', C1P'!t. %L'5'.
2,500
2,600 394 19
19 715 500
500 1,094
1,094 1,630
1,630 ,i' SPOD.P.dcE 'C'O. QC.t. t' OC-t A
2,500 386 18
18 758 600 1,212
1,212 1,620
1,620 Oli. 466=2,SP 654.366 GM.W u'O.366
65,899. Ol'9t9.
3,000 436 25 630 400 875
875 1,680
1,680 O6TP CL''0.4 P0! .ThQ. *5.,04Q. PDI ose.
3,000 431 662 500 955 1,640
1,640 lAP. .640,
431 24 6'fr'5'. ALP'S?. CL'96.
3,000 425 24 707 600 1,071
1,071 1,620
1,620 06.0.1' C$. r 0C4. IA
AS'S. 369 AS'S. 3? 'a
AP'092- qt'4,!.
These
These data are
are plotted
plotted in
in Fig.
Fig. 11
11 in
in the same
same format
format as
as the PD'i,8C. P5"i OJO.
.40, 61h56.
example with
example with no
no gas
gas (Fig.
(Fig. 10). In this
10). In this case,
case, the
the presence
presence ofof AlP'S?.
%ft5A,
Or's t' 06,5.16
gas resulted in
gas resulted in aa smaller
smaller horsepower
horsepower requirement.
requirement. This
This will
will 654.169
AP4.34?
'l'9i. ,934.
not always
not always be be the
the case,
case, particularly
particularly in in deeper
deeper wells
wells or or at
at PP'OSA.
05.71.646.
'::. ,9. 05.51.4*
AL"16.
lower
lower pump
pump intake
intake pressures.
pressures. - 6r.0 14
The
The complication
complication of a gas gas vent
vent system,
system, whichwhich would
would re- re- cs's. 349 er'o..
ID'S. 36 6
quire another
quire tubing string,
another tubing string, is not
not justified
justified in in this
this case.
case. Re-
Re- O5'9?. t .63!. PD"I ,6S.
ferring to
ferring to Fig.
Fig. 55 (see
(see part
part 1),
1), solution
solution COR COR for for 42
42 API
API oil
oil at
at 06,0-le
lK'. 16 II'S. 36'
1,000 psi is
1,000 psi is about
about 400
400 scf/bbl.
scf/bhl. The
The produced
produced oil in this exam-
this exam- GS'A.366 r.5a. SD'???.
ple is
ple is undersaturated
undersaturated with with aa COR
COR of of 150
150 scf/bbl and all
scf/bbl and all of the
of the 45'?!'.
PD"t .04!.
P5"I.470.
GL"S?.
gas is
gas in solution.
is in solution. Pump
Pump intake
intake pressure
pressure would would have
have to to be
be 6.0,57, 044, 146-S. 4
594346
below 250
below 250 psipsi before
before gas
gas venting
venting should
should be be considered.
considered. At At a 06.6.16 c3'O,ip?
014",
pump intake
pump intake pressure
pressure of 1,000 psi with
1,000 psi with this
this 42
42 API
API oil,
oil, gas
gas Ov'957. 'I"' -63e Pl"5440.
PD.'1.6'6. T'.540. Q'56.
venting should
venting should be be considered
considered if the GOR is
if the,GOR is greater
greater than
than 400
400 06'Q. 6
scf/bbl. . 116:9.16 l'69. 65.11.266

scf/bbl. 65.0. 36e 05.932.
These two
These two examples
examples have have illustrated
illustrated several
several variations
variations in in 00'91?. 5'5. 510.56.
P0'5! .640. PS,5,994.
the use
the use ofof the
the calculator
calculator programs.
programs. With With the the flag
flag set,
set, the
the sur-
sur- 3)-97. 0C'0. 6
064.16
face operating
face operating pressure
pressure andand flow
flow rate
rate required
required to to achieve
achieve thethe G1'5.366 OS-93:.
desired production
production flow flow rate
rate at
at the 't'!.64t.
desired the specified pump intake
specified pump intake 14542$.
"3.000.
pressure are
pressure are determined.
determined. With With the the flag
flag not
not set,
set, the
the surface
surface 140.4211,
operating pressure
operating pressure is held
held constant
constant and and a pump
pump intake
intake pi-es-
pres- HP_2?. OCt'66?,
46'540.
sure is found
sure found at whichwhich the the desired
desired production
production can can bebe ob-ob- 1446.400.
0S'900. 06,195.
tained. It
tained. It should
should be be noted
noted that
that useuse of the the program
program in in this
this Pt'' .1400.
mode allows
mode allows estimation
estimation of of producing
producing bottomhole
bottomhole pressure
pressure in in
3,000
Nozzle lhroal combination: il-B, 3-in.
2,1
9,'
cg
9,.
/
c
/
/. oc'
/
,'cP
I j
lOGO 1500 2,000 2500 3
Production rate. bpd
Fig.
Fig. 12Calculator
predictionfor
for Example
Example 3.
3. Numbers
Numbers adjacent to
to
curves are
are power
power fluid
fluid rate, bpd. Jet pump operation
operation must be above
and left
left of
of cavitation line.
line.
called
called aa casing installation. IfIf the
casing installation. the tubing
tubing ODOD is entered
entered as as
zero,
zero, it
it is
is assumed
assumed that that aa separate
separate tubing
tubing string
string is
is used
used for
for
return flow
return flow andand its inside diameter isis entered
inside diameter entered as
as the
the return
return
ID.
ID. This
This isis called
called aa parallel
parallel system.
system. Both
Both systems retain the
systems retain the
free pump feature
free pump feature that
that allows the pump
allows the pump to be be circulated
circulated in
and
and out
out ofof the
the well
well hydraulically without pulling
hydraulically without pulling tubing
tubing oror
using
using wireline
wireline services.
services.
Casing
Casing systems cannot vent
systems cannot vent free
free gas unless aa separate
gas unless separate gas
gas
vent
vent line
line is run
run to
to aa point
point below
below the
the packer.
packer. Parallel
Parallel installa-
installa-
tions
tions usually vent the
usually vent the free
free gas up the tubing-casing
gas up tubing-casing annulus
annulus
unless
unless aa packer
packer has
has been
been set
set below the pump.
below the pump. Even
Even if
if no
no
packer has been
packer has
by
by closing
been set,
in the
closing in
set, this
this system
the casing
casing at
can be
system can
at the
be operated
the surface.
surface.
operated as
as unvented
unvented
e
FIELD RESULTS
FIELD RESULTS that
that the
the computer
computer chart
chart predicts
predicts an
an operating
operating pressure
pressure of
of
Example
Example 2. 2. Well
Well data
data supplied
supplied by National
National Production
Production Sys- Sys- 3,230 psi,
3,230 psi, agreeing very closely
agreeing very closelywith
withthe
the actual
actual value
value of
of
tems
tems (listed in Table
(listed in Table 7) 7) were
wereinput
input into
into ajet
ajet pump
pump simulation
simulation 3,300 psi.
3,300 psi. In
In 1979, the well's
1979, the well's PIPl was
was calculated
calculated at at 2.65.
2.65. Such
Such
computer
computer program
program for for a 6-A
6-A nozzle and throat
nozzle and throat combination,
combination, aa PI
Pl line
line has
has been
been constructed
constructed on on Fig.
Fig. 7. 7.
and
and the
the results
results are
are plotted
plotted inin Fig.
Fig. 99 (bold
(bold curves).
curves). The
The actual
actual A similar
similar PI PI line
line has
has been
been drawn
drawn on Fig. Fig. 12,12, and
and the
the cal-
cal-
well production varied
well production varied between
between 195 bpd and
195 bpd and 205
205 bpd
bpd during
during culator
culator program
program has has been
been used
used to to calculate
calculate operating
operating pres-pres-
test.
test. AA bottomhole
bottomhole pressure
pressure recorder
recorder showed
showed pumppump intake
intake sure lines
sure lines and
and aa cavitation line. The
cavitation line. The field data point
field data point is cir-
cir-
pressures
pressures (P.S(PS) starting
starting at about
about 1,805
1,805 psi and
and declining
declining to to aa cled.
cled. Noie that the
Note that the calculator program predicts
calculator program predicts an an operating
operating
stable
stable 1,500
1,500 psi
psi during
during thethe test.
test. Surface
Surface operating
operating pressure
pressure pressure
pressure (P7')
(PT) of 3,800
3,800 psipsi compared
compared to the actual actual and
and com-
com-
varied
varied between
between 3,150
3,150 and
and 3,200
3,200 psi.
psi. The
The computer
computer plotplot indi-
indi- puter
puter predicted
predicted 3,300
3,300 psi.
psi. At 3,300
3,300 psi,
psi, the
the calculator
calculator pro-pro-
cates that 206
cates that bpd should
206 bpd should bebe produced
produced at at a surface
surface operating
operating gram predicts
gram about 1,825
predicts about 1,825 bpd
bpd production
production insteadinstead of of the
the ob-
ob-
pressure
pressure (PT)(PT) ofof 3,200
3,200 psi.
psi. served 2,040
served 2,040 bpd.
bpd. TheThe calculator
calculator cavitation
cavitation curve curve closely
closely
The
The calculator program presented
calculator program presented in in part
part 22 was
was run
run for
for matches the
matches the upper
upper boundary
boundary of of the
the Kobe
Kobe cavitation
cavitation zone.
zone.
the
the same
same data,
data, and
and itit generated
generated aa 3,200
3,200 psi
psi line,
line, shown
shown as as aa The
The lower
lower "potential
"potential damage"
damage" cavitation
cavitation curvecurve on the Kobe
the Kobe
thin line in
thin line in Fig. 9. Since
Fig. 9. Since gas
gas was
was present,
present, gas
gas lift
lift charts
charts computer plot
computer plot isis not
not modeled
modeled in in the calculator
calculator program.
program.
were used
were used to estimate the pump
estimate the pump discharge
discharge pressure
pressure between
between Again,
Again, gas gas effects
effects areare not
not modeled
modeled in as as sophisticated
sophisticated a
3,150
3,150 and
and 3,300
3,300 psi
psi over the range
over the range plotted.
plotted. manner
manner in the the calculator
calculator program
program as as in the the computer
computer pro- pro-
Both the
Both the computer
computer andand calculator
caJculator programs
programs agree
agree very
very gram. Also,
gram. Also, this case involves
involves aa large
large pump,
punip, an 11-B 11-B nozzle-
nozzle-
well with
well with the
the test
test data,
data, with
with the
the calculator
calculator routine
routine being
being throat combination
throat combination in in aa 3-in,
3-in. pump,
pump, and and better
better efficiencies
efficiencies
slightly optimistic in
slightly optimistic in predicting
predicting 215
215 bpd
bpd production
production at 3,200
3,200 can be
can be expected.
expected. ThisThis is particularly
particularly true true with
with lowlow viscosity
viscosity
psi operating
psi operating pressure.
pressure. The
The calculator
calculator routine
routine also
also predicts
predicts a fluids, as is the
fluids, the case here, because
case here, because of of the
the resulting
resulting high high Rey-
Rey-
larger flow
larger flow rate
rate possible at cavitation.
possible at cavitation. Both
Both these
these effects are
effects are nolds' numbers. This
nolds' numbers. This effect
effect is
is not included in
not included in the
the model
model used
used
due to
due to the
the approximations
approximations made made inin handling
handling the
the gas volumes
gas volumes in the
in the calculator
calculator program.
program. This This same
same nozzle
nozzleand and throat
throat in in aa
at
at downhole
downhole conditions. Gas effects
conditions. Gas are the
effects are the most
most frequent
frequent 2'/2-in. pump
2Ih-in. pump would
would probably
probably perform
perform closercloser to the calcula-
calcula-
cause of
cause of discrepancies
discrepancies between
between actual
actual and
and predicted
predicted perfor-
perfor- tor predictions
tor predictions due due to greater
greater friction losses within
friction losses within thethe pump
pump
mance. Discrepancies
mance. Discrepancies of of 10%
10% areare not
not uncommon.
uncommon. passages.
passages.
Example
Example 3. Well data supplied
Well data by Kobe,
supplied by Kobe, Inc.,
Inc., listed
listed in Table
Table Example 4.
Example 4. Guiberson
Guiberson supplied
supplied well
well data
data (presented
(presented in Ta-
Ta-
8, were
8, used to
were used to produce
produce Fig.
Fig. 7, which
which isis the
the computer
computer plotplot of
of ble 9)
ble 9) were
were used
used to to generate
generate the
the map
map of pump
pump performance
performance
the calculations
the calculations for
for an 11-B nozzle
an 11-B nozzle and throat combination.
and throat combination. shown in
shown in Fig
Fig 8.8. The
The calculations were for
calculations were for a C-5
C-5 nozzle and
nozzle and
Recent
Recent bottomhole
bottomhole pressure
pressure information
information is not not available,
available, mixing tube
mixing tube (throat).
(throat). Well
Well production
production tests
tests varied
varied from
from 690
690
but
but the well
well is producing
producing 2,040
2,040 hfpd
bfpd at aa surface
surface operating
operating bpd to
bpd to 780 bpd with
780 bpd with an
an average
average of of 700
700bpd.
bpd. The
The static
static fluid
fluid
pressure
pressure of 3,300
3,300 psi.
psi. The
The power fluid rate
power fluid rate is 2,695
2,695 bpd,
bpd, in-
in- level was
level was measured
measured 2,000
2,000 ftft from
from the
the surface
surface and
and the
the well
well
dicating
dicating aa pump
pump intake
intake pressure
pressure of about 1,500
of about 1,500 psi.
psi. Note
Note was reported
was reported to have
have a 1,700
1,700 psi producing
bottomhole pres-
pres-
erating pressures.
erating pressures. This This multiplier
multiplier effect
effect is greatest
greatest with with thethe
2,500 larger throats
larger throats (low values of
(low values R). Fluid
of R). Fluid friction
friction losses through
losses through
Nozzle throat combination: C-5, 2-in. the passages
the passages of of the
the particular
particular downhole
downhole completion
completion hard- hard-
ware can
ware can affect
affect these
these pressures
pressures as as well.
well.
Even
Even when when accurate
accurate well data are
well data are available,
available, the the perfor-
perfor-
mance predictions
mance predictions may may notnot always match field
always match field performance.
performance.
When the
When volume of
the volume free gas
offree gas atat producing
bottomhole condi- condi-
tions is
tions is very
very large,
large, performance
performance will will probably
probably deviate deviate fromfrom
that predicted
that predicted by by thethe equations.
equations. CurrentCurrent jet jet pump
pump designsdesigns
have been
have been optimized
optimized for for liquid
liquid production,
production, not not for for pumping
pumping
gas. Accuracy
gas. Accuracy of of prediction
prediction begins begins toto suffer
suffer atat aboutabout five
five
parts of
parts of gas
gas to to one
one partpart liquid,
liquid, andand at at 90%
90 % gas,gas, the the predic-
predic-
tions are
tions are very
very questionable.
questionable. In ExamPle J1wi/li
InExample gas, the
with gas, the forma-
forma-
tion volume
tion volume of gas gas plus
plus oil
oil and
and water
water phases
phases is is about
about I1.2 .2 bar-
bar-
reIs per
rels per stock
stock tank tank barrel
barrel atat 1,000
I 000 psipsi pump
pump intakeintake pressure
pressure
200 400 600 800 1,000 (PS). If
(PS). If the
the GORCOR were were about
about 2,000,
2,000, the the formation
formation volume volume
Produclion rate. bpd factor would
factor would be be about
about 5.5, 5.5, which
which is is on
on the
the boundary
boundary of of the
the
region ofdecreasing
region of decreasing correlation
correlation accuracy.
accuracy. At At higher
higher CORs CORs or or
lower pump
lower pump intakeintake pressures
pressures or or water
water cuts,
cuts, prediction
prediction accu- accu-
Fig. 13Calculator
Fig. 13-Calculator prediction
prediction tor
for Example
Example 4.
4. Numbers
Numbers adjacent to
adjacent to racy would
racy would begin begin to suffer. With a 500-psi
suffer. With 500-psi pumppump intake intake pres-
pres-
curves are
curves are power
power fluid rate, bpd.
fluid rate, bpd. Jet
Jet pump
pump operation
operation must
must be
be above
above
and left
and left of
of cavitation
cavitation line,
line. sure, a COR
sure, COR of 2,000 2,000 leadsleads to a formation
formation volumevolume factor factor of of
about I11.3,
about t .3, which
which isis outside
outside the the working
working region region of of the
the
sure at
at 500 bpd. The model.
model.
sure 500 bpd. The JPRIPR curve
curve superimposed
superimposed on on the
the map
map
indicates an
indicates an operating
operating pressure
pressure of of 2,800
2,800 psipsi at
at aa 700 bpd pro-
700 bpd pro- If the
If the calculator
calculator programs
programs are are used
used to to evaluate
evaluate wells wells in in
duction rate
duction rate and
and 1,566
1,566 psi psi producing
producing hottombole
bottomhole pressure.
pressure.
which the
which the gasgas to to liquid
liquid volume
volume ratio ratio (barrels
(barrels per per barrel)
barrel) is is
The actual
The actual operating
operating pressure
pressure started
started atat 2,700
2,700 psi
psi and
and is cur-
is cur-
large at
large at the
the downhole
downhole pumping pumping conditions,
conditions, it it isis suggested
suggested
rently at
at 2,800 that aa PAUSE
that PAUSE or or R/S
R/S statement
statement be be added
added to to the
the TI-59
TI -59 pro-
pro-
rently 2,800 psi.
psi. The
The exact
exact volume
volume of of power fluid is
power fluid is un-
un-
known since
since some
some of of the
the triplex
triplex pump
pump output
output is gram after
gram after lineline 405,
405, andand to to the
the HP-41C
HP-41 C program
program after after line
line
known is being
being byby- 365. These
passed. Maximum
passed. Maximum triplextriplex output
output isis 1,190 bpd, so
1,190 bpd, the power
so the power 365. These programs
programs were were listed
listed inin Part
Part 2. 2. The
The value value dis-
dis-
fluid played at
played at this
this point
point is the formation
is the formation volumevolume factor
factor of of gas plus
gas plus
fluid volume
volume of 955 bpd
of 955 bpd indicated
indicated by by the
the computer
computer plot plot is is aa oil and
and water
water phases.
phases. Up Up to to aa value
value of ofs5 or
good prediction
good prediction of of the
the amount
amount actually
actually used.
used. oil or 6,6, the
the model
model cor-
cor-
The cavitation line on relates well
relates well withwith actual
actual performance.
performance. Above Above this this point,
point, pre-
pre-
The cavitation line on the
the computer
computer plot plot isis generated
generated
without gas effects
effects in
in this
this case,
case, since
since gas
gas volumes
volumes present
present will diction accuracy
diction accuracy is is progressively
progressively less and a gas
less and gas vent systemsystem is is
without will
greatly reduce
reduce any
any cavitation damage. suggested as
suggested as aa conservative
conservative design design procedure,
procedure, utilizing
utilizing the the
greatly cavitation damage. GOR value value from from Fig. Fig. 5 (see Part 1).
The calculator
The program was
calculator program run for
was run for this
this well
well and
and the
the re-re- COR (see Part 1).
sults are presented
presented in in Fig. Performance
Performance ofjet of jet pumps
pumps with with high
high viscosity
viscosity fluidsfluids is not
sults are Fig. 13.
13. Since
Since gas was produced,
gas was produced, flowflow- modeled
ing modeled in in the
the calculator
calculator programs.
programs. Heavy Heavy crudes
crudes with with vis-
vis-
ing gradient
gradient curves were used
curves were used toto input
input aa pump
pump discharge
discharge cosities above about about 500
pressure
2,485 psi.
psi. AtAt current
current conditions,
conditions, the the calculator
calculator cosities above 500 cp cp will
will cause
cause significant
significant deviations
deviations
program from
from predictions
predictions unless produced water
unless produced water is the the dominant
dominant
program predicts
predicts anan operating
operating pressure
2,850 psipsi and
and aa
phase.
power
power fluid
fluid volume
volume of of 996
996 bpd.
bpd. This
This closely
closely matches
matches both both phase. Oil Oil power
power fluidsfluids of of less than about
less than about 22 22 API API willwill also
also
actual introduce
introduce losses losses thatthat are
are notnot properly
properly modeled.
modeled.
actual well data and
well data and computer
computer calculations.
calculations.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
APPLICATION RANGE
APPLICATION RANGE The
The procedures
procedures presented
presented in this
this series
series of articles can be
articles can be
These field examples cover API gravities
These field examples cover API from 30
gravities from 30 to
to 52,
52, used to
used to make
make reasonable
reasonable predictions
predictions about
about the
the performance
performance
'cater
water cuts
cuts from
from 19 to
to 98%,
98%, pump
pump setting
setting depths
depths from 6,718
from 6,718 ofjet
of jet pumps
pumps in in oil
oil wells.
wells. Employing
Employing the the calculator
calculator programs
programs
to 9,706 ft, and GORs
(09,706 CORs from
from 1,000
1,000 to 2,500.
2,500. Both
Both oil
oil and wa-
wa- in the
in the mode
mode that
that calculates
calculates aa surface
surface operating
operating pressure
pressure and
and
ter
ter power
power fluids
fluids are are represented.
represented. Nozzle
Nozzle flow
flow areas
areas range
range power
power fluid
fluid rate
rate to produce
produce a targeted
targeted production
production rate
rate (flag
(flag
from
from 0.0081
0.0081 to to 0.0310
0.0310 in.2 in.2 and
and the
the operating
operating pressures
pressures go go set) allows
set) allows a comparison
comparison of different
different sizes
sizes of nozzles
nozzles and
and
from 2,800 to
from 2,800 to 3,300
3,300 psi.psi. The
The resulting
resulting fluid
fluid rates
rates are
are from
from throats
throats to
to minimize
minimize the
the horsepower
horsepower requirements or to
requirements or to
803 bpd power
803 bpd power ffluidluid pumping
pumping 200 200 bpcl production to 2,695
bpd production 2,695 match
match existing
existing power
power fluid
fluid supply
supply limitations.
limitations. Using
Using the
the cal-
cal-
bpd
bpd power fluid pumping
power fluid pumping 2,040 bpd production.
2,040 bpd production. Over Over this this culator
culator programs
programs in
in the
the constant
constant operating
operating pressure
pressure mode
mode
range
range of of conditions
conditions and and with
with downhole hardware from
downhole hardware from three
three (flag not
not set)
set) enables
enables calculation
calculation ofof operating
operating pressure
pressure curves
curves
different suppliers,
different suppliers, the the predicted
predicted performance
performance from from the the sim-
sim- that
that can
can be
be drawn
drawn onon an
an 1FR
IPR plot.
plot. Such
Such aa plot
plot allows
allows aa quick
quick
plified model used
plified model used for for the
the calculator
calculator programs
programs agreesagrees quite
quite determination
determination of of operational
operational characteristics
characteristics under
under different
different
reasonably
reasonably withwith thethe field
field test
test data.
data. bottomhole
bottomhole conditions. This includes
conditions. This includes the
the prediction
prediction ofof the
the
Experience in
Experience in using
using the the calculator
calculator programs
programs to to predict
predict jet jet intersection
intersection ofof the
the well's
well's 1FR curve with
IPR curve with the
the pump's
pump's cavita-
cavita-
pump performance
pump performance in in field
field applications
applications indicates
indicates the the algo-
algo- tion limit.
tion limit.
rithm has
rithm has aa broad
broad rangerange of ofapplicability.
applicability. However,
However, simplify-
simplify- Generally,
Generally, the
the calculator
calculator algorithm
algorithm presented
presented here
here should
should
ing
ing assumptions
assumptions in in the performance
performance equations
equations and and in in corre-
corre- tend
tend toto produce
produce predictions
predictions in in which
which anyany deviations
deviations from
from
lations br liquid
lations for liquid and and gas gas properties
properties have
have been
been mademade to to fit
fit field
field performance
performance are smallsmall or
or are
are on
on the
the conservative
conservative side.
side.
the algorithm
the algorithm intointo thethe memory
memory limitations
limitations of of hand-held
hand-held pro- pro- Using
Using these
these techniques,
techniques, production
production engineers
engineers cancan evaluate
evaluate
grammable calculators.The
grammable calculators. The well's
well's IPR
[PR curve
curve is oftenoften not not jet pumps
jet pumps forfor their
their artificial
artificial lift
lift needs.
needs. If jet
jet pumping
pumping looks
looks
'veil known,
well known, and and the the gasgas production
production of an an individual
individual well well reasonable,
reasonable, as as itit will
will in many
many wells,
wells, the
the suppliers
suppliers can can be
be con-
con-
may
:nay bebe uncertain.
uncertain. Jet Jet pump
pump performance
performance is is strongly
strongly af- af- tacted for confirming
tacted for confirming calculations
calculationsand andthe
theactual
actualsurface
surice and
and
cted by the pump
:ected pump intakeintake pressure
pressure (determined
(determined by by tile
the 1FR
IPR downhole
downhole pumppump hardware
hardware recommended
recommended for for the
the application.
application.
curve) and
curve) and by
by thethe pump
pump discharge
discharge pressure
pressure (significantly
(significantly de- de- ACKNOWLEDGMENT
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
termined
:ermined byby the
the GOR). For every
COR). For every psi
psi error
error in
in the
the pump
pump inin- This
This article was adapted
article was adapted from
fromthe
thepaper
paper "The
'The theor hardware
theory, hardware
:ake pressure or
:ake pressure or pump
pump discharge
discharge pressure,
pressure, the
the effect on sur-
effect on sur- and application
and application of of the
the current
current generation
generation of of oil
oil well
well jet
jet pumps"
pumps"
:'ace operating pressure
:ace operating pressure will
will be
be from
from three
three to five
five psi
psi ifif the
the the authors
the authors presented
presented to to the
the Thirtieth
Thirtieth Annual
Annual Meeting
Meeting ofof the
the
same production rate
same production rate is
is to
to be
be obtained.
obtained. Higher
Higher discharge
discharge Southwest Petroleum
Southwest Petroleum Short
Short Course
Course held
held in Lubbock,
Lubbock, Texas,
Texas, April
April
:ressures
?ressures or
or lower
lower pump
pump intake
intake pressuxes
pressures require
require higher
higher opop- 1983.
I Bubereoo' CDRESSER)
GUIBERSON DIVISION
GUIBERSON DIVISON
DRESSER INDUSTRIES,
DRESSER INDUSTRIES, INC.
INC.
Po. Box 6504
RO. Box 6504
Houston, Texas
Houston, Texas 77265
77265
Order No.
Order No. 5324
5324
(713) 750-2301
Litho
LithoininU.SA
USA s:-- w

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Guiberson

Approximations for handling

0.0033 0.0050 0.0073 0.0101 0.0137 0.0153 GN Gradient

a"oid cavitation. PWH

12. If GLR is is greater than 10,

22. Calculate triplex horsepower, assuming

Flag Flag i1 050

155 54 E' 379 65 X 491 00

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Jet Pumping Oil Wells, Guiberson, WO, 1983 &amp; 1984, 18 Pgs

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Guiberson

Approximations for handling

0.0033 0.0050 0.0073 0.0101 0.0137 0.0153 GN Gradient

a"oid cavitation. PWH

12. If GLR is is greater than 10,

22. Calculate triplex horsepower, assuming

Flag Flag i1 050

155 54 E' 379 65 X 491 00

PDF compression, OCR, web optimizationReprinted

will clarify the trade-offs

scf/bbl. . 116:9.16 l'69. 65.11.266

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Jet Pumping Oil Wells, Guiberson, WO, 1983 & 1984, 18 Pgs

Jet Pumping Oil Wells, Guiberson, WO, 1983 & 1984, 18 Pgs