Homeostasis & Transport

Section 1: Diffusion & Osmosis

 Homeostasis
  Homeostasis: the
biological balance
between a cell or an
organism and its
environment
  Cells maintain
homeostasis by
controlling and regulating
what gets into and out of
the cell.
 Diffusion
  Diffusion: the process by which
molecules move from an area of greater
concentration to an area of lower
concentration
Diffusion
Brownian
Motion

  Brownian Motion: molecules are in a

constant state of random motion
Brownian
Motion
 Concentration Gradient
  Concentration Gradient: the
difference in concentration of a
substance across a space
 Dynamic Equilibrium
  Dynamic Equilibrium: a state that exists
when the concentration of a substance is the
same throughout a space
 Dynamic
Equilibrium
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
 Diffusion Across Membranes
  Not all molecules can
diffuse through all
membranes.
  The ability of a molecule
to pass through a
membrane depends on
the size and type of
Small nonpolar
molecule and the
molecules can diffuse
molecular structure of
through the cell
the membrane. membrane
 Osmosis
  Osmosis: the diffusion of water
molecules through a selectively
permeable membrane from an area of
high water concentration to an area of
lower water concentration
Osmosis
 Three Types of Solutions

90% H2O 85% H2O 95% H2O

10% solute 15% solute 5% solute

90% H2O 90% H2O 90% H2O

10% solute 10% solute 10% solute

Isotonic Hypotonic Hypertonic

(no net movement
of water)
 Three Types of Solutions

Plant Cells
Three Types of Solutions
Animal Cells
 Three Types of Solutions

Cytolysis

Plasmolysis
Three Types
of Solutions
 Contractile Vacuoles
  Contractile Vacuole: an organelle in
microorganisms that excretes water
  collect excess water → contract → squeeze
out water
1. Describe which molecule(s) will move through the
membrane and which molecule(s) will not.
2. Describe the relative rates at which the molecule(s) will
move across the membrane.
3. Describe in which direction the molecule(s) will move.
4. Describe how long the molecule(s) will continue to move.
Section 2: Other Kinds of Transport
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
Review of Cell Membrane Structure
Passive Transport
  Passive Transport: the movement of any
substance across a cell membrane without the
use of cell energy
  Diffusion
  Osmosis
  Facilitated Diffusion
  Gated Channel
 Facilitated Diffusion
  Facilitated Diffusion: a process in
which substances move down their
concentration gradient across the cell
membrane with the assistance of carrier
proteins
  Examples: glucose, fructose, & ions
Facilitated
Diffusion
Facilitated
Diffusion
 Gated Channel
  Gated Channel: a protein-lined gated
passage making cell membranes
permeable to certain large molecules as
needed
  Example: neuromuscular function
Gated Channel
 Active Transport
  Active Transport: the movement of
any substance across a cell membrane
with the use of energy from ATP
  Sodium-Potassium Pump
  Endocytosis
  Exocytosis
 Sodium-Potassium Pump
  Sodium-
Potassium
Pump: an active
transport
mechanism that
moves ions in
order to achieve
polarization
 Proton Pump
  Proton Pump: an active transport
mechanism that consumes ATP
(energy) to force Hydrogen ions against
the concentration gradient
Proton Pump
Proton Pump
 Endocytosis
  Endocytosis:
the process by
which a cell
engulfs and
surrounds large
substances
Endocytosis
 Exocytosis
  Exocytosis:
the process
by which
wastes are
packaged in
vesicles and
leave the cell
Exocytosis
Passive vs.
Active
Transport
 Passive vs. Active Transport
Facilitated Gated Endocytosis/
Diffusion Osmosis Pumps
Diffusion Channel Exocytosis

High High High High Low to

Direction N/A
to Low to Low to Low to Low High

Transport Gated
Pores Pores Channels Pumps Membrane
Mechanism Channels

Energy
No No No No Yes Yes
Required?

Type of small small- small- small-

water ions
Particle nonpolar medium medium large

Glucose, Glucose, + +
Examples Fructose, Fructose, Na , K ,
CO2, O2 H2O food, waste
of Particles + +2 +2 H +
Na , Ca Na+, Ca
It was taken from http://sciencewithmsthomas.com/cells.php