Multiple Choice. Write the letter of your choice in your notebook.

1. Which of the following is NOT a legislative function of Congress?

(a) taxation
(b) appropriation
(c) expropriation
(d) impeachment

2. Which of the following is an implied power of Congress?

(a) power to punish contempt
(b) declare the existence of a state of war
(c) discipline its members
(d) canvass presidential elections

3. Which of the following is an INHERENT power of Congress?

(a) concur to treaties
(b) concur to amnesty with the President
(c) determining its internal rules
(d) propose constitutional amendments

4. The power to make laws includes the power to

(a) the adoption of a bill
(b) the framing of a statute
(c) the repeal of a law
(d) enact a bill

5.On a clash or conflict between an executive agreement and statute, the latter prevails
because-
(a) the President cannot repeal a law through an executive agreement
(b) the main function of Congress is to enact a law
(c) the statute is more authoritative than an executive agreement
(d) because the Supreme Court says so

6.What is done during the second reading of the bill?

(a) referral to Senate
(b) it is read in its entirety
printed in its final form
(d) voting of the bill

7.Which of the following is considered a bill of local application?

(a) bill granting honorary citizenship
(b) bill authorizing the release of funds
bill fixing rates on imports
(d)bill creating a municipality

8.Which of the following statements is correct?

(a) Congress cannot increase the appellate jurisdiction of the Regional Trial Court
(b) Congress may increase the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Congress cannot interfere with the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
(d)Congress may provided the Supreme Court concurs.
 9.To prevent a log-rolling legislation-
(a) every bill may have many subtitles
(b) every bill must embrace only one subject matter
every bill must be sponsored only by one member
(d)every bill must be debated and scrutinized.

10.The president may veto a bill, but this can be overridden by

(a) 2/3 vote of all the members of Congress voting separately
(b) 2/3 voted of all the member of Congress voting jointly
2/3 vote of all members of each House
(d)majority vote only of all members of each House.

11.The general rule is that the President must approve entirely or disapprove in toto a bill.
Which of the following is true?
(a) there is no exception to the rule
(b) he cannot veto an item
he can veto partially a tariff bill
(e) he can veto the whole of an appropriation bill.

12.Which is False concerning the power of legislative investigation?

(a) it is implied from the power of legislation
(b) it is expressly granted in the constitution
it need not even be expressly granted
(d)it is not mandatory

13.Which is not true concerning the Arnault case?

(a) a person cited in legislative contempt cannot be detained for an indefinite period of time
(b) the Court may grant bail
imprisonment could last only when Congress is in session
(d)the President may grant pardon.

14.Which of the following is not a constitutional limitation regarding an appropriation bill?

(a) that it must be devoted to a public purpose
(b) that is should originate from the House of Representatives
the sum authorized to be released must be determinate or at least determinable
(d)it must be for reasons of necessity

15.Which of the following does not describe the power of taxation?

(a) it is inherent
(b) it must be uniform
it must be equal
(d)it must be equitable

16.The granting of tax exemtion requires-

(a) concurrence 2/3 of all members of Congress
(b) concurrence of majority of all members of Senate
concurrence of majority of all member of Congress
(d)Concurrence of 2/3 of congress voting separately.
 17.The power of the people to propose bill and laws is known as-
(a) referendum
(b)initiative
plebiscite
(d) special election

18.Which of the following is NOT descriptive of executive power?

(a) it is not defined under the 1987 constitution
(b) it is the power to enforce the law
it is the power to administer the law
(d)it is limited only to the enumerated powers

19.The returns of every election for President shall be submitted to-

(a)Senate
(b) House of Representatives
the President of the Senate
(e) Speaker of the House.

20.In which of the following shall the Vice-president become the president?
(a) when the President fails to qualify
(b) when the President shall not have been chosen
when the president resigns
(d) when the president is disabled.

I. The equal protection clause is violated by ______________. (1%)

(A) a law prohibiting motorcycles from plying on limited access highways.

(B) a law granting Value Added Tax exemption to electric cooperatives that sells electricity to
the homeless poor.

(C) a law providing that a policeman shall be preventively suspended until the termination of a
criminal case against him.

(D) a law providing higher salaries to teachers in public schools who are foreign hires.

(E) a law that grants rights to local Filipino workers but denies the same rights to overseas
Filipino workers.

_________1.A proposal to revise the constitution can be done by Congress upon a vote of (a)
of all its members (b) of Senate (c) of the House of Representatives (d) peoples initiative.
_________2.A proposal to amend the constitution can also be done by (a) vote of congress
voting separately (b) a constitutional convention (c) peoples initiative of at least 15% of the
registered voters (d) all of the above (e) none of the above.
_________3.Any amendment or revision of the constitution must be ratified by (a) the people
(b)majority of the votes cast in a referendum (c) majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite (d)
2/3 votes of Congress (e) none of the above
__________4.Before a justice of the Supreme Court can be charged in Court for a criminal
offense, (a) he must first be disbarred (b) he must be impeached by Congress (c) he must be
first investigated by the Ombudsman (d) none of the above (e) all of the above
__________5. Public officers and employees must, at all times, be (a) accountable to the
people, (b) serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency (c) act with
patriotism and justice, (d) lead modest lives (e) all of the above.
`________6. Which of the following is not an impeachable official? (a) associate justice of the
Supreme Court (b) Ombudsman for Mindanao (c) Vice-President of the Philippines (d) Comelec
Commissioner (e) none of the above.
_______7.Which of the following is not a constitutional commission? (a) Civil Service
Commission (b) Commission on Election (c) Commission on Audit (d) Commission on Human
Rights (e) all of the above.
_______8.Which of the commissioners must posses that proven capacity for capacity for public
administration (a) CSC (b) COA (c) Comelec (d) CHR (e) Ombudsman
_______9. Appointments in the civil service shall be made only by competitive examination
except to positions which are (a) policy-determining (b) primarily confidential (c) highly technical
(d) none of the above (e) all of the above.
_______10. Which of the following is not considered as double compensation ? (a) per diem (b)
incentive (c) gratuity (d) allowances (e) all of the above
_______11. Which of the following is exempted from nepotism (a) confidential employee (b)
teachers (c) physicians (d) navy (e) all of the above
_______12. A recently elected mayor promoted his wife as Municipal Health officer. She has
been in the service for 10 years even before her husband got elected as mayor. Which of the
following is true? (a) he can do it since it is not covered by nepotism (b) it is not prohibited by
law since it is a promotional appointment anyway (c) it cannot be legal since it is a nepotic
appointment (d) it is within the power of the mayor since he is the appointing authority (e) it can
be validated since the wife is qualified.
________13. Which of the following statements is false concerning the Ombudsman of the
Philippines? (a) he can be impeached (b) he is under the control of the Supreme
Court (c) investigate a justice of the supreme court (d) suspends a treasurer of the province (e)
dismisses a governor from office.
________14. It is required that majority of its membership should be lawyers (a) Comelec (b)
COA (c) CSC (d) Sandiganbayan (e) Ombudsman
________15.When the Comelec sits in en banc it is because (a) it has to promulgate a
decision (b) it makes its internal rules (c) it decides an election protest (d) it cites a person in
contempt (e) it enforces election laws
________16. Unless otherwise fixed by the Commission in special cases, the election period
shall commence (a) 90 (b) 120 (c) 45 (d) 30 (e) 160 days before the day of election.
_________17. What kind of party system shall be allowed in this country? (a) Open (b) free (c)
multipartisan (d) open and free (e) free choice of the people
_________18. On 27 June 1997, Quirino Congressman Junie Cua filed a complaint before the
Office of the Ombudsman against Governor Castillo-Co and Provincial Engineer Virgilio Ringor.
Congressman Cua alleged that in the course of its investigation in aid of legislation, the House
of Representative Committee on Good Government chaired by him uncovered irregularities in
the purchase of heavy equipment by the Governor and the Provincial Engineer. Congressman
Cua charged that the equipment purchased was "reconditioned" instead of "brand new" as
required by resolutions of the province's Sanggunian authorizing such purchase. In an Order 4
dated 4 July 1997, that is, a week after the complaint was filed, Governor Castillo-Co and
Provincial Engineer Ringor were placed under preventive suspension for a period of six (6)
months. Said order was signed by Emilio A. Gonzales, III, Director, and approved by Jesus
Guerrero, Deputy Ombudsman for Luzon.
Which of the following is correct? (a) The deputy Ombudsman has no power to suspend Co (b)
It is only the Ombudsman of the Phil. Which has the power to suspend (c) the duration of the
suspension is excessive (d) The law does not require that only the Ombudsman himself may
sign the order suspension (e) she was denied due process because she was not afforded the
opportunity to controvert the evidence against her before the order of preventive suspension
was issued.
____________19. Which of the following is not a condition required to sustain the preventive
suspension of a government employee? (a) the evidence of guilt is strong (b) the charge
involves grave misconduct (c) the charge warrant the payment of a fine (d) the continued stay in
office may prejudice the case (e) all of the above.
____________20. On January 27, 1999, an Information was filed with the Sandiganbayan
charging petitioner Ricardo S. Inding, a member of the Sangguniang Panlungsod of Dapitan
City, with violation of Section 3(e) of Republic Act No. 3019.The case was docketed as Criminal
Case No. 25116 and raffled to the Second Division of the Sandiganbayan.On June 2, 1999, the
petitioner filed an Omnibus Motion for the dismissal of the case for lack of jurisdiction over the
officers charged or, in the alternative, for the referral of the case either to the Regional Trial
Court or the Municipal Trial Court for appropriate proceedings. The petitioner alleged therein
that under Administrative Order No. 270 which prescribes the Rules and Regulations
Implementing the Local Government Code of 1991, he is a member of the Sangguniang
Panlungsod of Dapitan City with Salary Grade (SG) 25.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT ? (a) the Sandiganbayan does not have
jurisdiction since his salary grade is only 25 (b) the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan as a trial
court was made to depend not on the penalty imposed by law on the crimes and offenses within
its jurisdiction but on the rank and salary grade of accused government officials and employees
(c) The Sandiganbayan has no jurisdiction since he is just a lowly city councilor and not a mayor
(d) The Sandiganbayan (e) members of the sangguniang panlungsod are specifically
included as among those falling within the exclusive original jurisdiction of the
Sandiganbayan.
______________21. Gloria G. Lastimosa is First Assistant Provincial Prosecutor of Cebu.
Because she and the Provincial Prosecutor refused, or at any rate failed, to file a criminal
charge against a municipal mayor as ordered by the Ombudsman, an administrative complaint
for grave misconduct, insubordination, gross neglect of duty and maliciously refraining from
prosecuting crime was filed against her and the Provincial Prosecutor and a charge for indirect
contempt was brought against them, both in the Office of the Ombudsman.
Which of the following is Not true? (a) the Ombudsman cannot suspend her as she is under the
Secretary of Justice (b) she cannot be compelled to file a criminal case since she is convinced
that there is no probable cause (c) she can be placed under preventive suspension by the
Ombudsman (d) Office of the Ombudsman has no jurisdiction over the case against the mayor
because the crime involved (rape) was not committed in relation to a public office. For this
reason it is argued that the Office of the Ombudsman has no authority to place her and
Provincial Prosecutor Kintanar under preventive suspension for refusing to follow his orders and
to cite them for indirect contempt for such refusal (e) The Prosecutor can be designated or
deputized to assist the Ombudsman and shall then be under his supervision and control.
_____________22. Which of the following statements is correct concerning impeachment
proceedings? (a) That a fiscal or other prosecuting officer should forthwith and motu proprio
dismiss any charges brought against an impeachable official (b) The remedy of a person with a
legitimate grievance against the President is to file impeachment proceedings (c) A Member of
the Supreme Court must first be removed from office via the constitutional route of
impeachment (d) Judgment in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from
office and disqualification to hold any office under the Republic of the Philippines(e) all of the
above
_______________23. On November 18, 2002 an administrative complaint for Misconduct and
Neglect of Duty5 was filed by the employees of the Provincial Government of Tawi-Tawi against
respondent Laja, in his capacity as Provincial Treasurer, in connection with the non-remittance
of their contributions to the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS) for the years 1998 to
2001 which resulted in the denial of their loan applications. Thereafter, on November 29, 2002,
a similar administrative complaint6 for Dishonesty, Oppression and Violation of Republic Act
(R.A.) No. 6713, otherwise known as Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for Public Officials
and Employees, was filed by former employees of the Provincial Government of Tawi-Tawi
against said respondent in connection with the non-remittance of their GSIS contributions which
resulted in the deduction of the corresponding amounts from their retirement benefits.These two
cases were subsequently consolidated and submitted for resolution.The Office of the
Ombudsman for Mindanao proceeded to hear both cases and in a Joint Decision dated April 15,
2004 dismissed him from service.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT? (a) respondent does not have a vested right to
hold public office and that decisions imposing administrative sanctions in administrative
disciplinary cases are executory pending appeal (b) petitioners authority and jurisdiction to
order his dismissal is merely recommendatory under the Constitution. (c) decisions of the
Office of the Ombudsman in administrative cases imposing the penalty of dismissal shall be
final and unappealable hence, immediately executory (d) The OMB has the power to directly
impose the penalty of removal, suspension, demotion, fine, censure, or prosecution of a
public officer or employee found to be at fault, (e) An appeal timely filed will not stay the
immediate implementation of the decision of dismissal
_____________24. The Office of the Ombudsman shall have disciplinary authority over all
elective and appointive officials of the Government and its subdivisions, instrumentalities and
agencies EXCEPT (a) members of the cabinet (b) head of government owned corporations (c)
justice of the court of appeals (d) members of Congress (e) Deputy Ombudsman
_____________25. In its Minute Resolution No. 96-3076 of 29 October 1996, the Commission
on Elections (COMELEC) resolved to file an information for violation of Section 261(i) of the
Omnibus Election Code against private respondents Diosdada Amor, a public school principal,
and Esbel Chua and Ruben Magluyoan, both public school teachers, for having engaged in
partisan political activities.The penalty for said offenses is less than six years.
Which of the following is true? (a) the cases shall be filed before the Comelec Manila since they
are election related offenses (b) it should be filed before the Regional Trial Court of said
province (c) it should be filed before the Municipal Trial Court (d) it is only the COMELEC en
banc which has jurisdiction (e) it should be first filed before the Prosecutors office for preliminary
investigation

____________26. Mr. x and y are candidates for a Barangay captain position. Mr. X won by a
margin of 3 votes only. Mr. Y comes to you for advice. Which advice is correct? (a) He can file
an election protest before the Regional Trial Court on the ground of electoral fraud (b) he can
filed the protest only before the Municipal Trial Court (c) the protest can also be filed before the
Comelec itself (d) any of his loyal supporter can file an election protest against Mr. x (e) his wife
can also file an election protest proceeding questioning the citizenship of Mr x.
___________27. This petition originated from a case filed by private respondent on March 21,
2001 for the disqualification of petitioner Nestor Magno as mayoralty candidate of San Isidro,
Nueva Ecija during the May 14, 2001 elections on the ground that petitioner was previously
convicted by the Sandiganbayan of four counts of direct bribery penalized under Article 210 of
the Revised Penal Code. It appears that on July 25, 1995, petitioner was sentenced to suffer the
indeterminate penalty of 3 months and 11 days of arresto mayor as minimum to 1 year 8 months
and 21 days of prision correccional as maximum, for each of the four counts of direct bribery.
Thereafter, petitioner applied for probation and was discharged on March 5, 1998 upon order of
the Regional Trial Court of Gapan, Nueva Ecija.
Which of the following statement is legally correct? (a) the (COMELEC) correctly disqualified
him from running for the position of mayor (b) Petitioner argues that direct bribery is not a crime
involving moral turpitude (c) Petitioner already served his sentence as of March 5, 1998
when he was discharged from probation. Such being the case, the two-year
disqualification period imposed by Section 40 of the Local Government Code expired on
March 5, 2000. Thus, petitioner was qualified to run in the 2001 elections. (d) There
appears to be a glaring incompatibility between the five-year disqualification period provided in
Section 12 of the Omnibus Election Code and the two-year disqualification period in Section 40
of the Local Government Code.(e) The intent of the legislature to reduce the disqualification
period of candidates for local positions from five to two years is not evident.
___________28.Which of the following statements about the CSC is NOT correct? (a) Civil
Service Commission has no power of appointment except over its own personnel. (b) Neither
does it have the authority to review the appointments made by other offices except only to
ascertain if the appointee possesses the required qualifications.(c) The determination of who
among aspirants with the minimum statutory qualifications should be preferred belongs
to the CSC (d) Appointment is a highly discretionary act that even this Court cannot compel (e)
While the act of appointment may in proper cases be the subject of mandamus, the selection
itself of the appointee - taking into account the totality of his qualifications, including those
abstract qualities that define his personality - is the prerogative of the appointing authority.
____________29. Atty. Augusto Toledo was appointed by then Comelec Chairman Ramon
Felipe as Manager of the Education and Information Department of the Comelec, on May 21,
1986. At the time of his appointment, petitioner, having been born on July 8, 1927 was already
more than fifty-seven (57) years old. It was the first time petitioner joined the government
service as he was then engaged in active private practice prior to said appointment.
Which of the following is correct? (a) his appointment is valid since he is a lawyer (b) he is not
qualified since CSC regulation particulary Section 5, Rule VI of those Revised Civil Service
Rules provided that:" No person shall be appointed or reinstated in the service if he is already
57 years old (c) his appointment is valid since the CSC regulation is unconstitutional (d)
the appointment then of Atty. Toledo was made in violation of law and pursuant to Section 7,
Rule III of the Civil Service Rules on Personnel Action, the appointment was void from the
beginning (e) his appointment must be valid as age does not really matter.
__________30. An auditing team from the COA Regional Office No. VIII in Candahug, Palo,
Leyte, audited the accounts of the Catbalogan Water District (CWD) in Catbalogan, Samar.
The auditing team discovered that between May to December 1997 and April to June 1998,
members of CWDs interim Board of Directors (Board) granted themselves the following
benefits: Representation and Transportation Allowance (RATA), Rice Allowance, Productivity
Incentive Bonus, Anniversary Bonus, Year-End Bonus and cash gifts. These allowances and
bonuses were authorized under Resolution No. 313, series of 1995, of the Local Water Utilities
Administration (LWUA).
Which of the following is correct? (a) The allowances are valid because the CWD is not a
government owned corporation(b) the COA usurped the functions of the LWUA in construing PD
198 and disallowing payment of the additional allowances and bonuses(c) The allowances and
bonuses are illegal on the ground that they run counter to Section 13 of Presidential
Decree No. 198 (d) The allowances which are illegally received must be returned (e) it is
the Department of Budget and Management (DBM), not the COA, that has the power to
administer the compensation and classification system of the government service and to revise
it as necessary.
_________31. Which of the following does not enjoy fiscal autonomy? (a) COA (b) CSC (c)
CHR (d) SC (e) COMELEC
_________32.Which of the following does NOT have jurisdiction over inclusion proceedings?
(a) MTC (b)MCTC (c) Metropolitan Trial Courts (d) Regional Trial Court(e) City Courts
_______`33.. Which of the following is not a ground for impeachment? (a) Violation of the
constitution (b) graft (c) bribery (c) treason (d) corruption (e) all of the above.

_________34.Which of the following is exempt from competitive examinations? (a) city legal
officer (b) highly technical position (c) primarily confidential (d) policy determining (e) all of the
above
__________35.Which has jurisdiction to the election contest concerning a Barangay kagawad?
(a) DILG (b) courts of limited jurisdiction (c) courts of general jurisdiction (d) COMELEC (e)
none of the above
__________36.Election cases shall be heard by (a) Comelec En banc (b) Comelec in
division (c) Electoral Tribunals (d) all of the above (e) none of the above.
__________37.Election contests decided by the Municipal Trial Courts shall be appealable to
the (a) Regional Trial Court (b) Comelec en banc (c) Comelec in a division (d) Supreme Court
on certiorari (e) Court of Appeals
__________38. Which vote in the House of Representatives is enough to constitute the Articles
of Impeachment? (a) majority (b) one-third (c) two-third (d) three-fourth (e) none of the above
__________39. A proposal to amend the Constitution by modifying Sections 1-7 of Article VI
(Legislative Department) and Sections 1-4 of Article VII (Executive Department) cannot be done
through (a) constituent assembly (b) constitutional convention (c) peoples initiative (d)
vote of Congress (e) all of the above.
________40.Which of the following is NOT correct? (a) Congress or a constitutional convention
can propose both amendments and revisions to the Constitution (b) the initiative must be
directly proposed by the people through initiative upon a petition (c) The Constitution entrusts
to the people the power to directly propose amendments to the Constitution (d) An initiative that
gathers signatures from the people without first showing to the people the full text of the
proposed amendments is most likely a deception (e)Article XVII of the Constitution speaks of
two modes of amending the Constitution.
________41.Which of the following is CORRECT? (a) The framers intended, and wrote, that
only Congress or a constitutional convention may propose revisions to the Constitution (b) The
framers intended, and wrote, that a peoples initiative may propose only amendments to the
Constitution (c) the people cannot propose revisions even as they are empowered to propose
amendments (d) a revision of the Constitution may be accomplished only through ratification by
the people of a revised constitution proposed by a convention called for that purpose (e) all of
the above
___________42. Which of the following is NOT correct? (a) Revision broadly implies a change
that alters a basic principle in the constitution (b) altering the principle of separation of powers or
the system of checks-and-balances is a form of revision (c) amendment generally affects only
the specific provision being amended (d) Revision generally affects several provisions of the
constitution (e) A shift from the present Bicameral-Presidential system to a Unicameral-
Parliamentary system is an amendment of the Constitution.
_________43.Which of the following is CORRECT? (A) It has been a settled rule that it is
mandatory for the Sandigabayan to place under preventive suspension a public officer accused
before it (B) The imposition of suspension is not automatic or self-operative since the accused is
given adequate opportunity to challenge the validity or regularity of the criminal proceedings
against him (C) once proper determination of the validity of the Information has been made, it
becomes the ministerial duty of the court to forthwith issue the order of preventive suspension
(D) after upholding the validity of the Informations against the accused the Sandiganbayan can
order their preventive suspension for a period of ninety (90) days (E) all of the above.
____________44. Respondents were employed at the Office of the Southern Cultural
Communities (OSCC), Davao del Sur, Provincial Office, Digos, Davao del Sur with salaries
below grade 27. They were charged with 11 counts of malversation through falsification, based
on alleged purchases of medicine and food assistance for cultural community members, and
one count of violation of R.A. No. 3019, 3(e), in connection with the purchases of supplies for
the OSCC without bidding/canvass. As none of the respondents has the rank required under
R.A. No. 8249 to be tried for the said crimes in the Sandiganbayan, the informations were filed
by the Ombudsman in the Regional Trial Court of Digos, Davao del Sur.
Which of the following is NOT correct? (a) the Ombudsman has no authority to prosecute
graft cases falling within the jurisdiction of regular courts (b) the Office of the Ombudsman
is authorized to investigate and prosecute all cases involving public officials and employees,
without distinction as to their rank and the nature of their act or omission (c) the Ombudsman
has powers to prosecute not only graft cases within the jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan but
also those cognizable by the regular courts (d) The power to investigate and to prosecute
granted by law to the Ombudsman is plenary and unqualified (e) that the powers granted by the
legislature to the Ombudsman are very broad and encompass all kinds of malfeasance,
misfeasance and non-feasance committed by public officers and employees during their tenure
of office.
________45. Petitioner was proclaimed Mayor of Gloria, Oriental Mindoro during the May 8,
1995 elections.In the same elections, private respondent was proclaimed Vice-Mayor of the
same municipality.On May 19, 1995, petitioners rival candidate, the late Nicolas M. Jamilla, filed
an election protest before the Regional Trial Court of Pinamalayan, Oriental Mindoro.During the
pendency of said contest, Jamilla died.
Which of the following is not Correct? (a) the election protest is personal in nature hence the
death of the protestant extinguishes the case itself (b) An election contest involves not
merely conflicting private aspirations but is imbued with paramount public interests (c) the
petitioners cessation in office is not a ground for the dismissal of the contest nor detract the
Courts jurisdiction to decide the case (d) public policy demands that an election contest, duly
commenced, be not abated by the death of the petitioner (e) Vice Mayor elect has the status of
a real party in interest in the continuation of the proceedings and is entitled to intervene therein
__________46.Which of the following is correct? (a) impeachment proceedings are outside the
scope of judicial review (b) impeachment is a political action which cannot assume a judicial
character (c) the Senates sole power to try impeachment cases (1) entirely excludes the
application of judicial review over it (d) none of the above (e) all of the above
__________47.Which of the following is considered as a limitation on the power to impeach? (a)
the manner of filing (b) required vote to impeach (c) one year bar on the impeachment of one
and the same official. (d) none of the above (e) all of the above
__________48.Which of the following is considered as a limitation of the power of judicial
review? (a) an actual case or controversy calling for the exercise of judicial power; (b) the
person challenging the act must have a personal and substantial interest in the case such that
he has sustained, or will sustain, direct injury as a result of its enforcement; (c) the question of
constitutionality must be raised at the earliest possible opportunity; and (d) the issue of
constitutionality must be the very lis mota of the case (e) all of the above
___________49.Which of the following cannot be considered as a legal standing of a taxpayer?
(a) where there is a claim that public funds are illegally disbursed (b) that public money is being
deflected to any improper purpose (c) that there is a wastage of public funds through the
enforcement of an invalid or unconstitutional law (d) that he has sufficient interest in preventing
the illegal expenditure of money raised by taxation (e) that he has a general interest common
to all members of the public.
___________50.Which of the following DOES NOT describe Apolitical question:? (a) connotes,
in legal parlance, what it means in ordinary parlance, namely, a question of policy (b) it refers to
those questions which, under the Constitution, are to be decided by the people in their
sovereign capacity (c) in regard to which full discretionary authority has been delegated to the
Legislature or executive branch of the Government (d) It is concerned with issues dependent
upon the wisdom, of a particular measure (e) it is concerned with the legality of the law
itself.

Midterm exam
1. It is that written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established,
limited, and defined and by which these powers are distributed among the several departments or
branches for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the people.

a. Constitution b. Statute of the Philippines c. Ordinance of the Philippines d.

Constitution of the Philippines

2. It is a form of constitution that is regarded as a document of special sanctity which cannot be

amended or altered except by some special machinery more cumbersome than the ordinary
legislative process.

a. Enacted b. Unwritten c. Inelastic d. Cumulative

3. What is that group of provisions that deal with the framework of the government and its powers,
and defining the electorate?

a. Constitution of government b. Constitution of liberty c. Constitution of sovereignty d. All

of the above

4. It is the Constitution drafted by a Constitutional Commission created under the Article V of

Proclamation No. 3 issued on March 25, 1986 which promulgated the Freedom Constitution
following the installation of a revolutionary government through a direct exercise of the power of the
Filipino people.

a. 1986 Provisional Constitution b. 1987 Constitution c. 1973 Constitution d. 1935

Constitution

5. Under what provision in the Constitution can you find the Doctrine of Incorporation?

a. Art. II, Sec. 1 b. Art. II, Sec. 2 c. Art. II, Sec. 3 d. Art. II, Sec. 4
6. Which of the following rules is adopted by the Philippines in determining the limits of its
territory?

a. 3-mile limit rule b. 12-mile limit rule c. Archipelagic Doctrine d.

Archipelago Doctrine

7. What is the significance of the Archipelagic principle of territoriality?

a. It prevents the danger of having open seas right at the center or our territory.

b. It welcomes other nations to enter into our territory without much requirements.

c. It opens our doors to enemy warships or other foreign vessels and have friendly ties with them.

d. All of the above

8. If the State inflicted damages to the property of a citizen, can the citizen just sue the State?

a. Yes, because he has the right to demand from the State the indemnification of his property.

b. No, because of the principle of the non-suability of the State.

c. No, because the citizen has no right to demand for indemnifications.

d. None of the above.

9. Is it unconstitutional to declare war against the NPAs?

a. Yes, because Art. II, Sec. 2 states that the Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national
policy.

b. No, because this is in order to preserve peace and integrity of the State.

c. Yes, because war in here is aggressive.

d. No, because rebels need to die.

10. What are some of the measures employed by the Government to safeguard the State against
military dictatorship?

a. By vesting upon a civilian the highest authority in the land, the Presidency.
b. By making the President the Commander-in-Chief of the AFP.

c. By giving the President and the Congress the power to determine the military budget and define
the national policy on defense and security.

d. All of the above

11. Which of the following explains the principle of the separation of the Church and State?

a. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion.

b. No public money or property shall ever be used for any religious denomination.

c. The Church must not interfere with the affairs exclusively for the State.

d. All of the above

12. Which of the following is NOT prohibited by the State?

a. Nuclear power b. Abortion c. Divorce d. None of the above

13. What is social justice?

a. Giving equal opportunity to all, rich and poor alike.

b. Giving preferential attention to the less fortunate.

c. Eradicating poverty through the abolition of private property

d. Getting some from the rich and giving the same to the poor.

14. It is the method by which a public officer may be removed from office during his tenure or before
the expiration of his term by a vote of the people after registration of the petition signed by the
required percentage of the qualified voters.

a. Plebiscite b. Referendum c. Recall d. Impeachment

15. What is the difference between a citizen and an alien?

1. A citizen is a member of a democratic community, while an alien is only someone passing
through another country.
2. A citizen is a member of a democratic country who is accorded protection inside and outside
the territory of the State, while an alien is a citizen of another country who may only be protected
inside the territory where he is passing through.
3. A citizen is a member of a democratic country who enjoys full civil and political rights while an
alien is someone who does not enjoy the same.
4. All of the above

16. A Bill of Local Application was submitted by Senator Wade to the Senate Secretary. It has passed
three readings in the Senate and then in the Congress. Thereafter, it was presented to the President
for approval, but the same was disapproved. The President vehemently objected to the validity of the
entire process.

Is the President correct?

a. Yes, the Bill must first be submitted to a proper committee.

b. No, it must be approved because there has been no constitutional breach.

c. Yes, because the said Bill must only emanate from the House of Representatives.

d. No, it may be initiated by the Senate because either House of the Congress may do so.

e. Yes, because the President possesses an absolute veto power.

f. No, the veto power is not absolute.

g. Yes, the law allows the president to disapprove any bill submitted to him by the Congress.

h. No, the president acted in grave abuse of his discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction.

17. President Juan Masipag filed an application for appropriation, and in pursuance thereof money
was paid out of the National Treasury. It must be noted that the appropriation is for a public
purpose, and it is not for any specific sect, church, denomination.

Is there something wrong with the presidential appropriation?

a. None; it is perfectly valid.

b. The appropriation is unlawful because it is paid out of the National Treasury.

c. It is invalid because the Senate President, not the President, is empowered to apply for
appropriation.

d. It is wrong because before public funds may be used, an appropriations law must first be passed.
e. It is lawful; the President can by law file an application for appropriation.

f. It is illegal because it should have been the Congress that applied for the appropriations.

18. When the president dies, is permanently disabled, is impeached, or resigns, the Vice-President
becomes President for the unexpired term. However, if both the President and Vice-President die,
become permanently disabled, are impeached, or resigned, the Senate President shall act as
President until the President or VP shall have been elected and qualified.

If the Senate President becomes disabled, who will succeed?

a. The Speaker of the House shall become the President.

b. There will be a special election specifically conducted for the filling up of the vacant offices.

c. The Senate President shall submit to the Congress a declaration of his disability, then a Senior
Senator will be the acting President.

d. The Speaker of the House shall act as President until the President or VP shall have been elected
and qualified.

19. Noel Uban was nominated by President John Mar Siuagan to the rank of naval captain in the
Armed Forces of the Philippines. His nomination has been confirmed by the Commission on
Appointments, and his appointment (by President Siuagan) followed thereafter. Noel Uban have
accepted the nomination with great pride and honor. The President reconsidered his appointment
after discovering that Mr. Uban has a criminal record. The President withdrew his appointment. Is
this allowed?

a. Yes. This is a matter of presidential discretion, arising from the power of appointment.

b. No. The President can no longer withdraw the appointment because all the steps have already
been complied with.

c. Yes. The power to withdraw appointments is one of the residual powers of the President.

d. No. once the appointee accepts, President can no longer withdraw the appointment.

e. A & C

f. B & D

g. None of the above

20. Vincent is an alien visiting the Philippines. During his visit, he was accused of killing a Filipino.
Which of the following actions are permitted by the Constitution?

a. Imprison Vincent right away

b. Give him the chance to defend himself

c. Deport him back to his country

d. The government cannot do anything because he is an alien.

21. Is a citizen also a national?

a. Yes, inasmuch as he also owes allegiance to a State.

b. No, the two are not the same.

c. Yes, because like a nation a citizen exercises political and civil rights.

d. No, not all citizens are nationals.

22. This Constitutional principle signifies that all persons subject to legislation should be treated
alike, under like circumstances and conditions both in the privileges conferred and liabilities
imposed.

a. Due process of law

b. Equal protection of laws

c. Security in ones person, house, papers, and effects

d. National integrity

23. Pedro was born January 17, 1973, of Filipino mother but a Swedish father. Is he still required to
elect his Philippine citizenship?

a. Yes. Since he was born on January 17, 1973, the governing provision during that time requires that
his parents must both be Filipinos. Thus to effect his Philippine citizenship, he must elect for it upon
reaching 18 years old.
b. No. The governing provision at the time of his birth requires only that either his father or mother
is a Filipino. Thus, he is already a Filipino and electing his Philippine citizenship is no longer
necessary.

c. Yes because Art. 4, Sec. 1 (3) states that those born on January 17, 1973, of Filipino mothers, who
elect Philippine citizenship upon reaching the age of majority are citizens of the Philippines. So if
Pedro wants to be a Filipino citizen he must elect for it.

d. No because he is already 38 years old.

24. It is a form of government in which the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the
central or national government.

a. Republic b. Unitary c. Federal d. Parliamentary

25. This government was established during the American regime pursuant to an act of the United
States Congress on March 24, 1934, commonly known as the Tydings-McDuffie Law.

a. Commonwealth Govt b. Military Govt c. Civil Govt d. Republic

26. It refers to that body of rules and principles in accordance with which the powers of sovereignty
are regularly exercised.

a. Statute b. Civil Code c. Preamble d. Constitution

27. Which among the following is not descriptive of the Philippine Constitution?

a. Cumulative b. Rigid c. Conventional d. Written

28. Whats the difference between a Constitution and a statute?

a. A Constitution is a legislation direct from the people, while a state is a legislation from the peoples
representatives.

b. A Constitution provides the details of the general framework of the law and the government stated
in the statute.
c. The Statute is the fundamental law of the land to which the Constitution and all other laws must
conform.

d. There is no difference because they are both laws.

29. This principle holds that no man is above the law, so that every man, however high or low, is
equal.

a. Rule of the majority b. Rule of Law c. Democracy d. Constitution

30. Although the Preamble is not an essential part of the Constitution, why is it advisable to have
one?

a. It could be a source of private right enforceable by the courts.

b. It sets down the origin and purposes of the Constitution.

c. Aside from (b), it may serve as an aid in the interpretation of the Constitution.

d. All of the above

31. What is the single biggest factor for national solidarity?

a. The government envisioned in the Constitution

b. The Preamble and the different Statutes promulgated by the Congress

c. The Democratic ideals of peace, love, freedom, justice, & equality

d. All of the above

32. Which of the following explains the principle of the separation of the Church and State?

a. No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion.

b. No public money or property shall ever be used for any religious denomination.

c. The Church must not interfere with the affairs exclusively for the State.

d. All of the above

33. What is meant by a bicameral legislature?

a. It means that the Congress is composed of two House of Representatives.

b. It means that the Congress is composed of two chambers: Senate and House of Representatives.

c. It means that the legislative power, the authority to enact and promulgate laws, is vested in the
Congress of the Philippines.

d. All of the above

34. What is the difference between a Senator and a Member of the House of Representatives?

a. A Senator is elected at large by qualified voters, whereas a member of the House of

Representatives is elected in his district.

b. Although both are legislators, a senator is concerned with the national interest of the people, while
a member of the House of Representatives is concerned only with the regional interest of the people.

c. A senator is trained to be the future leader of the country, whereas a member of the House of
Representatives is not.

d. All of the above

35. Which of the following speaks of the Philippine foreign policy?

a. It is one that preserves and enhances national and economic security.

b. It guarantees the protection of the rights and promotion of the welfare and interest of Filipino
overseas.

c. It is one that does not subordinate or subject to nor dependent upon the support of another
country.

d. Its objective is to establish friendly relations with all countries of the world regardless of race,
religion, ideology and social system and to promote as much beneficial relations with them
particularly in economic and trade activities.

e. It is the sole weapon of the Philippines for the promotion of national interest in international
affairs.
f. All of the above

g. C and D

h. C, D, and E

36. What is the extent of the right of State to interfere with education of children?

a. Since the children are the property of the State (Regalian Doctrine), it can by law compel the
parents to make their children accept interference with the liberty of parent to direct the upbringing
and education of children under their control.

b. The State can reasonable regulate all schools, their teachers and pupils.

c. The State can require that all children of proper age attend school, that teachers shall be of good
moral character and patriotic disposition.

d. The State can oblige that certain studies plainly essential to good citizenship must be taught, and
that nothing to be taught which is manifestly inimical to public welfare.

e. While the natural and primary responsibility for educating the child rests in the family, the State
also has a distinct interest in this matter since a proper education humanistic, vocational, moral,
religious, civic is necessary for social well-being.

f. It is the right and duty of the State to see that the obligations of the parents are fulfilled (through
such means as compulsory education laws.

g. The State may supply the essential educational facilities which private initiative is unable to
furnish.

h. All except A

i. B, C, D, E

37. It is principle that discourages government engagement in particular business activities which
can be competently and efficiently undertaken by the private sector unless the latter is timid or does
not want to enter into a specific industry or enterprise.

a. Principle of subsidiarity b. Principle of subsidy

c. Principle of subsidiary d. Principle of free enterprise

e. Principle of capitalism f. Principle of free market

38. What is an indigenous cultural community?

a. It refers to those groups in our region which possess and wish to develop their ethnic, religious, or
linguistic traditions or characteristics markedly different from the rest of the world.

b. It refers to those dominant groups in our country which possess and wish to improve their ethnic,
religious, or linguistic traditions or characteristics similar the rest of the population.

c. It refers to those minority groups in other countries which possess and wish to preserve ethnic,
religious, or linguistic traditions or characteristics markedly different from the rest if the population.

d. It refers to those non-dominant groups in our country which possess and wish to preserve ethnic,
religious, or linguistic traditions or characteristics markedly different from the rest of the population.

39. It is a name given to the submission of a law or part thereof passed by the national or local
legislative body to the voting citizens of a country for their ratification or rejection.

a. Election b. Plebiscite c. Referendum d. Initiative e. Recall

40. In this system or principle, the powers of the government are divided into three distinct classes:
the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary.

a. Bicameralism b. Parliamentary System c. Presidential System d. Checks and

Balances

41. Who among the following is a registered voter?

a. One who is eighteen years of age and can read and write.

b. One who is at least 35 years of age on the day of the election and is a resident of the Philippines for
at least 2 years prior the day of election.

c. one who has all the qualifications and none of the disqualifications of a voter provided by law and
who has registered in the list of voters.

d. All of the above

e. B and C

f. All except A

42.When is the regular election of the Senators and the Members of the House of Representatives
held?

a. Every 4th Monday of July

b. 2nd Monday of May
c. 1st Sunday of June

d. None of the above

43. If there are 215 Members of the House of Representatives, and 15 are abroad, what would
constitute the quorum?

a. 100 b. 101 c. 100.5 d. 102 e. 108

44. Which of the following is not allowed by the rules on Congressional suspension?

a. Suspension for 1 month b. Indefinite suspension c. Suspension for 1 day d. None of the
above

45. It is a bill affecting purely municipal concerns like changing the name of a city.

a. Bill of municipal application

b. Bill authorizing change of name

c. Bill of local application

d. Private bill
1. It is a social science discipline concerned with the study of the state, nation, government, and
politics and policies of government.
a) sociology
b) public administration
c) political science
d) public law
2. Is a community of persons more or less numerous,, permanently occupying a definite portion of
territory, having a government of their own to which the great the body of inhabitants render
obedience, and enjoying freedom from external control.
a) society
b) people
c) state
d) territory

3. It refers to the agency to which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out.
a) executive branch
b) legislative branch
c) judiciary
d) government

4. A group of people bound together by certain characteristics such as common social origin,
language, customs, and traditions, and who believe that they are one and distinct from others.
a) ethnic group
b) state
c) society
d) nation

5. It is a form of government by which political power is exercised by a majority of the people.

a) direct democracy
b) democracy
c) republican democracy
d) unitary government

6. What do you call the settlements or villages that the Philippines was composed of prior to the
arrival of the Spaniards?
a) sitio
b) balangay
c) maharlika, timawa, aliping namamahay, aliping sagigilid
d) barangay

7. During the Spanish period, who exercises the powers of the government?
a) gobernadorcillo
b) royal audiencia
c) governor-general
d) royal patron

8. The secret society that precipitated the Philippines glorious revolution on August 26, 1896. It
was organized by Andres Bonifacio together with a group of Filipino patriots.
a) Biak-na- Bato
b) Kataastaasang Rebolusyonario
c) Katipunan
d) Konselyo

9. A republic that was established by Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo on November 01, 1897.
a) Biak-na-Bato Republic
b) Philippine Independence
c) KKK
d) Dictatorial government

10. This Constitution was the first democratic constitution ever promulgated in the whole of
Asia.
a) The Philipine Constitution
b) 1935 Constitution
c) Pact of Biak-na-Bato
d) Malolos Constitution

11. This government was established in the Philippines pursuant to an act of the United States
Congress on March 24, 1934, commonly known as the Tydings-McDuffie Law.
a) Civil Government
b) Military Government
c) Commonwealth Government
d) Malolos Government

12. This government was established on October 14, 1943 following the Philippine Executive
Commission. It was inaugurated with Jose P. Laurel as President.
a) Japanese Military Administration
b) Japanese-sponsored Republic of the Philippines
c) Commonwealth Government
d) Civil Government
13. It served as the fundamental law not only for the Commonwealth Government which was
interrupted by the Second World War but also for the Republic of the Philippines until the
ratification of the 1973 Philippine Constitution.
a) 1935 Constitution
b) Japanese-sponsored Constitution
c) Malolos Consitution
d) 1973 Philippine Constitution

14. When was the ratification of the 1987 Philippine Constitution?

a) February 12, 1987
b) February 25, 1986
c) February 07, 1986
d) February 02, 1987

15. A written instrument by which the fundamental powers of the government are established,
limited and defined and by which these powers are distributed among the several departments or
branches for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the people.
a) laws
b) jurisprudence
c) legislation
d) constitution

16. How is constitution distinguished from statute?

a) A constitution is a legislation direct from the peoples representative while a statute is a
legislation direct from the people.
b) A constitution merely states the general framework of the law and the government, while a
statute provides the details of the subject of which it treats/
c) A constitution is intended primarily to meet existing conditions only while a statute is intended
not merely to meet existing conditions but to govern the future.
d) b and c

17. What are the requisites of a good written constitution?

a) brief
b) broad
c) definite
d) all of these

18. Is one constituted or founded in accordance with the existing constitution of the state or
according to law.
a) de jure
b) de facto
c) constitutional
d) transitory

19. Is one constituted or founded not in accordance with the existing constitution of the state or
according to law but has the general support of the people and effective control of the
territory over which it exercises its powers.
a) de jure
b) de facto
c) constitutional
d) transitory

20. It is defined as the supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will
from people within its jurisdiction and corollarily, to have freedom from foreign control. 0
a) authority
b) police power
c) autonomy
d) none of these

21. It is the power of the state to take private property for public purpose with just compensation.
a) authority
b) police power
c) autonomy
d) power of eminent domain

22. Is one in which the powers of government are divided between two sets or organs, one for
national affairs and the other for local affairs, each organ being supreme within its own sphere.
a) parliamentary government
b) presidential government
c) federal government
d) bicameral government

23. It is the power of the state to prescribed rules and regulations for the good and welfare of the
state and its people.
a) police power
b) taxation
c) power of eminent domain
d) constitutional authority

24. Which branch of the government is supreme over the other?

a) executive
b) legislative
c) judiciary
d) none of these

25. What is the basic purpose of police power?

a) to promote and preserve public health.
b) to protect public morals.
c) to defray the necessary expenses of the government
d) a and b

26. It constitutes the theory of taxation, which provides that the existence of government is a
necessity; that government cannot continue without means to pay its expenses; and that for these
means it has a right to compel its citizens and property within its limits to contribute.
a) power of taxation
b) reciprocal obligations
c) benefits-received principle
d) lifeblood theory

27. It asserts that the early states must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact
among the people to form a society and organize government for their common good.
a) divine right theory
b) necessity or force theory
c) paternalistic theory
d) social contract theory

28. The freedom of the state to carry out its activities without subjection to or control by other
states.
a) internal sovereignty
b) independence
c) interdependence
d) none of these

29. This refers to the inhabitants living within the state.

a) community
b) society
c) people
d) nation

30. This governmental functions involve the protection of society and its members, the security of
persons and property, the administration of justice, the preservation of the state from external
danger and dealings of the state with foreign powers.
a) ministrant functions
b) constituent functions
c) police power
d) all of these

31. This governmental functions the advancement of the physical, economic, social and cultural
well-being of the people.
a) ministrant functions
b) constituent functions
c) police power
d) none of these

32. How is state distinguished from nation?

a) A state is a political concept while nation is a cultural concept.
b) A state may or may not be independent of external control while a nation is not subject to
external control.
c) A single state may consist of one or more nations or peoples while a single nation may be made up
of several states.
d) All of the above
e) b and c

33. What is the nature or function of the constitution?

a) It is the charter creating the government.
b) It has the status of a supreme or fundamental law.
c) It occupies the highest level in the hierarchy of laws
d) all of these
e) b and c

34. A branch of public law which treats of constitutions, their nature, formation, amendment,
and interpretation.
a) administrative law
b) international law
c) constitutional law
d) political law

35. The authoritative interpretation of the Constitution belongs to them thus their final
decisions are binding on all departments or organs of the government, including the legislature
and private individuals.
a) executive
b) congress
c) local legislative bodies
d) courts

36. Which of the following instance wherein the rule of the majority is observed in our
government?
a) A majority vote of all the respective members of the Congress is necessary to elect the Senate
President and the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
b) Rendering a judgment of conviction in impeachment cases.
c) Passage of local ordinances.
d) All of the above
e) a and b

37. Who frame and draft the 1987 Philippine Constitution?

a) Selected lawyers and judges
b) regional and sectoral representatives
b) the constitutional commission
d) government

38. What is the classification of the Philippine Government?

a) representative democracy
b) unitary and presidential government
c) it also embodies some aspects of pure democracy
d) all of these
e) a and b

39. It focused upon the methods and techniques used in the actual management of state affairs by
executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.
a) political science
b) public law
c) public administration
d) administrative supervision

40. What is the smallest independent nation in the world?

a) Vatican
b) Republic of Nauru
c) East Timor
d) Marianas Island

41. It is the power of the state to rule within its territory.

a) freedom from external control
b) independence
c) external sovereignty
d) none of these

42. What is the consequence of absence of government?

a) advancement of economic, social and cultural well-being of the people.
b) protection of society and its members.
c) human dignity can never be enjoyed.
d) preservation of the state from external danger.

43. Is one in which the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person without
regard to the source of his election or the nature of duration of his tenure.
a) monarchy
b) aristocracy
c) dictatorship
d) autocracy

44. Which of the following does not belong to Philippine territory?

a) internal waters
b) territorial sea
c) high or open seas
d) Philippine embassies and consular offices

45. Is one in which the state confers upon the legislature the power to terminate the tenure of
office of the real executive.
a) presidential government
b) aristocratic government
c) federal government
d) none of these

46. Which of the following statement is correct?

a) With people there can be functionaries to govern and subjects to be governed.
b) Democracy has practical advantages which no one can appraise in monetary terms.
c) The observance of the supremacy of the rule of law by officials, individuals, and people as a
whole is what will sustain our democracy.
d) All of the above
e) a and c

47. Which of the following statement is incorrect?

a) The domain of the state may be described as terrestrial, fluvial, maritime and aerial.
b) There are three branches of the government namely the executive, legislative and judiciary
which is headed by the President of the Philippines.
c) The decisions of the Supreme Court are final and executory.
d) The internal and external aspects of sovereignty are not absolutely true in practice.

The privacy of communication and correspondence shall be inviolable except upon lawful order of the
court or when

public safety or order requires otherwise as prescribed by law.

B dictated by the need to maintain public peace and order.

C public safety or order requires otherwise as determined by the President.

D public safety or public health requires otherwise as prescribed by law