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Summary
I. Introduction
lV.Conclusion
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I. Introduction
II. Harmonic mitigation solution
lV.Conclusion
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I. Introduction
The voltage signal must be perfect ... because distortion may occur at the
at the source... end of the line
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I. Introduction
lV.Conclusion
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II. What is a harmonic waveform?
H1 = 50Hz Hn = n x 50Hz
1.5 1.5 1.5
1 1 1
0 0 0
-1 -1 -1
THD (U or I) % = 100 x
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II. Current distortion
100
Single-phase loads
50
Computers
0
Phones H1 H3 H5 H7 H9 H11 H13 H15 H17
Danger
Lighting ...
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II. The effects of harmonics
Voltage distortion:
Excessive temperature rise in motors
Electrical noises
Sensitive electronic equipment malfunction
LV
Main LV
Switchboard (MLVS) Increased RMS current
Secondary
switchboard
Non-linear current
circulating in the cables
feeder S1 feeder S2 feeder S3
Final distribution
enclosure
Increased THDU
M M M
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II. The effects of harmonics
S= P2 + Q2
ST (VA)
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II. The effects of harmonics
0 Phase 2
0 90 180 270 360 450
Phase 3
-6
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II. Harmonics mitigation solutions
Electromechanical solutions
Active filters
Normal or replacement
sources
1
h3 h9 h5 h7
D D D Y L F
Over-sizing of sources,
cables, etc. yn y y
d y 5 6
1 - The harmonics are not 3 4
eliminated. Tuned
p1 = p2 p1 = p2 Anti-harm.
- Very costly filters
2 reactors
&
Transformers with series filters
different couplings
3 and 4 attenuate h5 and 5 Attenuates harmonics
2 Limits h3 and multiples. h7 (6-pulse bridge) at the tuning frequency.
6 Decreases THD(i).
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II. Passive filter: architecture & design
Ph
No capacitors
Lo No power electronics
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II. Cleanwave: solution for neutral currents
At A Glance:
Zero sequence harmonic filter
Reduces neutral currents in input
commercial & industrial buildings
Balancing of 3-phase currents output
12-280 kVA (expandable)
3-phase low voltage applications
Customer benefits
Simple and highly reliable design
Reduction of neutral currents by 10:1
Compliance with harmonic standards
Capacity upgrade by parallel
connection
Operational savings
Easy integration into power
distribution cabinets (Chassis Format)
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Easy sizing and installer friendly 14
II. Sizing cleanwave
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II. Unbalanced load tests
I1: 150A I1: 126A I1: 112A I1: 126A I1: 107A I1: 154A
I2: 149A I2: 126A I2: 122A I2: 126A I2: 46A I2: 0A
I3: 151A I3: 127A I3: 65A I3: 0A I3: 46A I3: 0A
In: 21A In: 242A In: 25A In: 201A In: 25A In: 150A
In in In in
In in
I1 out I1 out
I1 out
In out In out
In out
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II. Active harmonic conditioner: architecture &
design
I source I load
Power Non-linear
source load
I conditioner
Active
harmonic
conditioner
2 2 2
1,5 1,5 1,5
1 1 1
=
0,5
+
0,5 0,5
0 0 0
-0,5 -0,5 -0,5
-1 -1 -1
-1,5 -1,5
-2 -2 -2
4 3
Active
The conditioner 1
harmonics are supplies the 2
eliminated Equipment is the
required CTs analyze the
upstream and source of
harmonics to harmonics harmonics
apparent the load required by the
power is load
reduced
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II. Sinewave standard solution: 20-480A of
harmonic compensation
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II. Sinewave features
Input
Voltage : 400 V , - 20% , + 15%
Phases : 3-phase with or without neutral. Compatible
Operation with single phase and unbalanced load
Frequency : 50 Hz or 60 Hz, +/- 8% auto-sensing
Compensation characteristics
Harmonics covered : H 2 to H 25
Type of compensation : Harmonics - cos phi - mixed (Hn + cos)
Compensation mode : Overall or selective (specific harmonics)
Attenuation ratio : >10 at full load ( THDI)
Cos phi correction : Up to 1
THDU reduction : According to the installation parameters, THDU
reduction will be determinated by the SITE AUDIT
Response time : < 40 ms in overall current compensation mode
Overload : Automatic current limitation
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II. Example: Variable Speed Drive load
2
2
1,5
1,5
1
1
0.5
0.5
0 0
-0.5 -0.5
-1 -1
-1,5 -1,5
-2 -2
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II. Example: Variable Speed Drive load
120 120
100 100
80 80
60 60
40 40
20 20
0 0
H1
H3
H5
H7
H9
H11
H13
H15
H17
H19
H21
H1
H3
H5
H7
H9
H11
H13
H15
H17
H19
H21
Harmonic current without SineWave Harmonic current with SineWave
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II. Accusine solution
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II. Accusine features
Input
Voltage : 208-480V, - 10% , + 10%; auto sensing
Phases : 3-phase, 3-wire with or without neutral.
Compatible Operation with single phase
and unbalanced load
Frequency : 50 Hz or 60 Hz, +/- 5% auto-sensing
Compensation characteristics
Harmonics covered : H 2 to H 50 (no filtering on neutral conductor)
Type of compensation : Harmonics - cos phi - mixed (Hn +
cos)
Compensation mode : overall
Attenuation ratio : 10:1 overall
Cos phi correction : Up to unity; can also inject lagging
VARS
THDU reduction : Guaranteed compliance with
IEEE519; UK G5/4 or
IEC 61000-2-3
Response time : < 10 ms
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II. Customer benefits / active power solutions
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III. Accusine application case study
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III. Accusine application case study
95.2%
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I. Introduction
lV.Conclusion
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lV. Conclusion
Even more so for Oil & Gas processes where the availability and quality
of Power is quite critical,
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The 3 main messages
Investing in power quality will improve both your operations and profits
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