MT LEV.IIE (Model questions)- Prepared/collected by G.Jothinathan, IITM, Chennai 41. Which of the following discontinuities could be classified a service induced discontinuity a. fatigue crack _b. porosity c. machining tear. lap Which of the following discontinuities might be found in rolled plate a.lamination —b. shrinkage —c. lack of fusion d. undercut. A continuous linear indication can be caused by which of the following a. porosity _—_b. slag inclusion. pitting d. cracks Which of the following discontinuities might be fcund in forged test part a. shrinkage —b. bleed out —_c. laps 4. undercut ‘The venetrant indication uf 4 -old shut of casting will by a. dotted or smooth continuous line b. small spherical indications ¢. porosity aligned ina line d. cold shut is not shown in PT Which of the fo!'owing is a discontinuity the might be found in rolled bar stock a. blow holes. shrinkage laps. c. cracks or seams —d. insufficient penetration . The part is Al forging - description : indication is sharp, half moon shape-NOT deep and is called a.lap _b center line porosity ¢. cracks or seams _d..insufficient penetration 8. The penetrant indication of a forging lap will normally be @. a round or nearly round indication _b. a cluster of indications ©. continuous line d.a dotted line . Part is a Ye" thick Al plate with a Vee weld. Description ~ the indication appears in an area that is somewhat dish shaped. The indication extends from the center in a spopke formation. The indication is a.shrinkage —b. nonrelevant cc. quench crack, d. a crater crack 10. A heat treatment crack is most likely to show what type of indication a fine, blue white indication an intermittent fine line indication a bright yellow green indication a line of bright dots GJUITM,Chennai 111. Which one of th2 following is not probably from a fatigue crack a fine line of dots a fine, shurp straight line an area o fine sharp indications a fine, sh irp and jagged or forked indication 12. A defect can éiso be w ich of the following a. discontinu ty b. blemish c. flaw d. all of the above 13. Which of the fi lowing discontinuities would not be revealed in penetrant testing ©. crater crack —_b, forging lap. grinding cracks d. nometallic inclusions 14, Penetrant may not show which of the following a. inclusions b. laminations c, bursts d. quench cracks 15. Which of the following weld:ng methods would not : 2quire the removal slag and oxides prior to the penetrant indication a. metal inert gas_b. rod weld —_c. submergeu arc d. electroslag welds ©. ail Uf he above needs precleaning 1. Which one of the following Is ferromagnetic a. anickel alloy . a copper alloy €) a low carbon'steel wsroth awe 2. The magnetic lines of force contained in a permagnet magnet leave from the higher magnetic permeability to lower at - 2. at northe pole ». at south pole © at both poles 4. it cannot leave the magnet 3, Ina current carrying conductor, the magnetic lines of force is always Derpendicular to the direction af currant and the fiald strangth ie maximum at at the center of the conductor at the surface of the conductor. ~ only on the surface of a ferromagnetic conductor ‘maximum at tha innar surface of a nonmagnetic conductor 4. A permanent magnet always produce a orcurar neta 8 longitudinal feld be“ a vector field irection on the direction of placement of the magnet on the job 5. Whieh ofthe ests mentionad below is ditical fo magnetize 4, sles! wit fow carbo content. steel with very high penalty 4¢) steal with ver low permesthiity ad general es han 100 A et bafone to feat reine GJ.UTM,Chennai 26. AC meter shows L000 mp, The aetua euront passed on the jos b, 1. 14simes the meter reading 1.4 times the meter reading 4, 1.41 simes ess than that red on the meter © iss measread on the metar 18. The recomm ded rod spacing is: 1. above inet bi. below inch yf hetwes Fad 8 neh Le below inch 19 In order to dete defo indifferent dieeto in a material by magnetic particle inspection it bast to vse 4. to oF more fields in different directions L +s only uae field but with varying current density ©. other prabe cations 4 with diferent froquencies 20. An example ofa nonselevant indication that would be classes a aignsic ‘eregularty rather than an actual discontinuity could be caused by 4a slag packet » prinding racks © abrupt change inthe hardness of part {none oft above 21 Reluctance in the magni ict canbe compared to ———~ in AC cireit {inductance frets iv nde eactance 2 ‘90 inch log and 5 inch dia isto be tested using coil magnetization. For best resulis which one ofthe fellousng would you recommend, i, 4 equal seamen and using the farmisa NI=#5000L/D) 1. 5 gua agents and wing de Forula NI=450H1(LID) w ~ Scoilshots, V— 1.3 equal shots and compet 1m, cannot be teste. ‘ough overlap and with more than iy wrapping the coit 3. fan overall pater (Sometime cree Hines) appear onthe lst soe, how should the inspector reprocessthe test poe? as yer ye fered ihe pore Sitio eats Corer A Satine amnames Or LG 24 What happens to a magnetic material when it reaches 10 curie temperature? ‘it becomes dia magnetic ~~ wi ithecomesnonnagiets Ue" C@Mmnptrve: oi tod <1 itbezomes radioactive Ula gue 10 GI,ITM,Chennai25, MI equipme: has got maximum capacity of 1500 mps. Ii is desired to ‘magnetize Ur job with solenoid how many tums are required fo test a bar of 15, finch Tong an 3 inch india Sums +b. 6tums Tt ms a Stums wy ‘Which one of Kem would produce a strong external poles 8, shall tested with head shot by, shall ested with central conductor shaft teated with cold shot y= 4 shall tested with direct method of magnetization by passing current onthe job sn the direction of 1 sTong axis 7°. "The most desiabl_magntie propentics of powder for magnetic paricle testing is low permeability and high retetivity bh high permentility and low retetivity U7 & high permeability 4. Tow reentry 28. The depth of penatration of a magnetizing current on the test depends on the use of | a. wpeofourent ‘strength ofthe current the pmesbiliy of the mata ‘ 29. shafl ested with head shot produeed two indicat — one sharp andthe other fivzy, The locaton namely strface or subsurface can be eonfinne: by 8, the fuzzy indication woutd not appear when tested wih ACY 1h. te strong indicalion would not appear when tested with AC ©. the strong indication would be fuzzy when tested with AC 4 alle" the abe e statements are correct 30, 0.43 le Yon 99 Ue teat for crcumnferetil sufaos era orion endicular tothe long axis ofthe shafl. The most suitable method of perpes ‘magnetization a ahead shot 1. a coll shot with suitable ampere tuna ¢ ental eanductor 44 any one of the above $31. The above job refered in qn3)dis to be inspected for cracks oriented in any direction. Invoch caso i neod fo magatso the job ‘8, more than on head shot to cover the entire length acolo wth utble ampere tums - ¢ od with a minimum of 3 coil shots ~~ one coil shot using the formula NI= 45,000/L/D 22, Two iron shuts, one magnetized and another unmagnetised would exhibit fall the magnetic domains randomly oriented fora magnetized job 1h ll the magnetic domains orderly oriented ina magnetizedjob yp @ ©) all the magnetic domains orderly oriented ina magnetized job 4. 0 presence of magnetic domains in iron shaft GJ,1ITM,Chennai 433,X high permeability material isto be tested ith prod technique and the current equirement is 9-110 anps pe ineh of prod s: acing. Ifthe rods are located at 3 inches what would be the choice of eurent to magnetise this 2. $50 amps 450 amp: «between 450 and $50 amps d always heh eurent to ensure good magnetization $M, Which one ofthe residual fields most obj tonable we ow eit tt tna its C= ” © Sword ot! agi 35, Vary fine haat rated cracks ned be detected in pear taoth Blank, Tho bot shoige in 4. AC wel with nontuorescent dye b. DC wet with sorescent dye \.& AC with Nuorescent ye L— a ACary Qn. 36 to 40s to be answered with reference tothe following! A n c | Va Description: A. 1 inch dia 6 inch long, B.2inch dia 10inch long. 3k: ch dia and 12 inch ling S6.the ws oF mragnedsoton with suitable curent values to detect exacks woul be ACBA DBCA ABC dhinany oder 437, The surface crack in seetion 1 would be best detected by 8. byhead shot with 1200 amps bby coll shot by central conductor by touching the job with prod tips a the end ofthe job 4. byusing very large coil with large fill factor 58, The subsurface crack in section C is detected by AAC wet DACdy DCW LEDC ay 39, Assume the formula N= 45,0000 (L/D) and calculate current for 10 ti call for ‘zation C 4soampe b. 2500 amps 6 1260amps 62S amps 40, I section © in ngneized with haad ehot with suitable amps before B & A, indications in all sections would be formed only defects parallel to the Hines of force are formed false indications in section B & A can be noticed 1 ll defects inal sections would appene GJ,IITM,Chennai 541 The term fill fctr is referred to 4, eddy current testing only >, tor head see © faecal shot 4. fora coil shot and is ratio of the are o jb tothe area ofthe coil 42. A low permesbity material i heated to 760 degC (cure temp). Now b a ithe domains would be pertelly orients to form a permanent magnet the dornins would be random oriented to loose magnetic property oman wil ot be aes in the casa low permeability materials tt tis temperature material i gelling magnetised 43, OF the following whieh one ofthe casting defect can be detected by MT } a. atfen sund inohasion bh. intemal shrinkage © cold shut L 4 incomplet~ penetration 44, Avoke is placed on the weld tet plat to detest defects in welus, A well defined. {ndivtion i formed when using AC, This ndiation iemas! prebably fa efozk parallel to the diretion of magnetic lines of for. 2 1h. surface orack and perpendicular tote diestion magnetic lines of Fores, — both nb yk ot gonomls and fr wold 4 nd pros are used 445. The most common failure mechanism sociated th sharp fillets, notes ete is a, decarbursation ». overload faite © fatigue eracking L— rife ine attack 46, Materials being repelled by magnet ae called 2 ferromagnetic > paramagnetic \_ e diamagnetic L 4d feromagnetic 47. Ate in the magnetic uniformity of part is called magnet discontinuity and is relate to sudden change in magnetic reutance ‘magnetic eapaitance b + € magnetic permenbility y= magnetic temnance 48. The ines of fore that fom w pa across the crack in a ring magnets called 4, magnetic tines 4B. leakage fx © field strength 4. magnetizing foree 49.101 ineh end inches ia, bars were magnetized by passing he same current Unrough them, the magnetic telds would be 8. the same fer both on the surfice ‘stronger ithe «wo inch di, bar ‘& wonker in the one inc dia. bar 2 8 stoonger inthe one nc dia ba GIAITM,Chennai 680 Lines of fluc are thought to leave a magnet at + thenomh pole the south pote both noth and south poles 4 none ofthe above: 51 when testing for fine shallow surface cracks the prefered MT method would be a dyac bay De PNAC Ld wet De 2 What wae fs st commonly used for mx reury vapour bulbs for portable Auorescet etc particle inspection a 200wats 50vaus elves 75 wats SP.Which of the following casting deft in stresses which npture the surlace of the metal Dot ons Porosity SAWhich on ofthe low ig propries sus of th lines of for asocntd wth pensanent map ts sis caused by non-uniform cooling resulting Shrinkage ‘They do not farm closed toy bThey cis one another They seck paths of least magneti- resistance = 4 The Mux density inercases with incrensig ance fom the poles Cys nef the olloving is ot he character of er magnetic mates % ‘The materials are inf like mercury \_-P ie material is least influenced by the extemal applied magnetic field The uel Rh nlcneed yh exalted meget il) UY «Aone ote sbove 56.Which one of the following atamante ie tronghy ps between north and south poles enced to same degree by the extemal applied magnetic eld uscd by magnetism azine b.Wood Cobalt Ld Mercury 57-The reverse magnetizing force to einove residual magnetism ina given materials ‘aRetentivty Coercive force L_— clus density |AResidual magnetism BRR 86 Tetiniton nthe we of manent masts to inde apna in favo ogee ae is ‘ts dificult to magntize large volumes with suicient fel aength ‘BKK isnot practical to contro he field strength Strong magne may’ be difficult all ofthe above ‘Som the material being magnetized 99 The ux density of magnetism induced by a eoilcan be controled by varying the col size the curet othe coil Ge number of tars inthe coi allo theabove q GI,IITM,Chennai 760. tae of Sum tick, OD 38 mins magnetized by Head sho, diet conduction with WDC 1500 amps. Whats he il steal lhe inner diameter of Ue suace 2 veylow 'sameas ouside surface 50% orb de none ofthe ove 61. The 800-1000 amp per 25 mum dia ofthe part ~as rule of thumb — for current Levels js empioyed in magnetic parce esting. Tiss applicable to only to cylindsical parts longitudinally magnetized 1, only to hollow pans longitatinally anyietized 4-2 mlidortow sta tat ae tobe ecu magnetized 4. Weld inspection using prods 62, Fall wave three phase rectified AC produced low ripple DC hed row purer equipment produces pulsed DC 4. Used for inspection of welds with its poor penetrating power 63. The magnetic patcle indicann is very sharp and well detived. This suggests that th discon. ityisa a. subsurface seam {LEE tie aurface crack: ©. porosity 4 atight subsurface erack G64. Thebest ype of current forthe detection of age erck is HERG AAC e.diecteuent 4 FWRC 65. A cable wrapping procedure to magnetise a part can induces a high circular field at a lower current induces high longitadinal field conducts the maxmimam amount of AC as DC not to be used especially with dry powder inspection 6, Why are large sof contact areas such as lead or copper braid i used for surfaces for head stock nA to increase the contact area and reduce the possibility of baring the part bens oftheir ow ming pins ©. besa they lp holding the specimen ‘2. to increase the contact area and flux density 67. The most effective MT method fr inspection of large casting is using eecnird enduipe CAF liretional magnetization inspection in many diretions 4. direst magnetizon in many dicestons 68. The length ofthe part being magnetized by passing an electic current from one end tothe other affects the permeability of the past 1, changes the strength ofthe magnetic field 1-27 does nt fet the strength ofthe megnetic Held ‘causes the magnetic field to vary GJ,UTM, Chennai 809, When a piece of magnetized job isto be demagnetized the desire direction of placement of the job north south direction {de east west direction © nort eas direction «south west direction ‘AL its desired to testa tube using central conductor of copper to ‘the outer sure cracks onty be detected {LEAF the inner surfe eracks only be detected {7c both nner and outer ea be detected 4. copper conducts -wouagnetic and cannot be ysl in MIT ‘71 feurent is asus W How fom _ve 19+ ve, Which ofthe fllowing rule need be followed 4 Flemmings righthand thumb rule {ee Let hand thumb mle Farndays ruled. Amperes formula 72. current in assumed te low from +¥e +) -¥e, Which of the Following ele nocd be follow eneings rid and hand ue 0 ethane Farodasruls Anerson GUIITM,Chennai 9- ae Magnetic Particle Testing ASME V-Article 7 1) Wdentiy the discontinuity that will be detected most in the following parts by magnetic particle testing? a) Hydrogen flakes in forgings Seams in rolled products ® Stringers in bar stocks d) Surface Cracks in Aluminum 2) Which of the following coatings will not interfere with formation of indications in magnetic Particle testing? QD Non-conductive coating, painting thickness lese than 50 jam Non-conductive coating, painting thickness greater than 50 ym Coriductive coating, chrome plating thickness less than 50 um ) Conductive coating, chrome plating thickness grater than 50 jim 8) The choice of magnetic medium for examination of welds and castings would be a) Fluorescent dry powder Non-fluorescent dry powder ¢)” Fluorescent wet particles d) Non-fluorescent wet particles 4) This procedure allows examination of materials by Continuous method Residual method ©) Both Continuous method & Residual method d) Current quick break 5) Continuous method as per this article is ©) Dry powders is allowed t0 settie on part surface and Magnetizing current remains during excess powder is rémoved b) Magnetizing current is terminated and examination medium applied 8 Magnetizing current remains when dry powders is being applied and while excess powder is removed 4) Magnetizing current remains when dry powders is being applied 6) Which of the following is a correct technique for examination of springs for seams and transverse cracke? 2) Head shot transverse cracks and central conductor for seams or cracks along the circumference (longitudinal) Head shot for seams or cracks along the circumference (longitudinal) and central Conductor for transverse cracks ©) Head shot in two 90° circumferential position of coil 4) Central conductor & coil shot Isnt Page Not writ(MT HI Now 05 ISNT MTINNovO5 § * 7) The most suited field/flaw gauge standard for verifying field direction and adequacy of field for wet particle inspection is ) Berthold field gauge Ple-gauge @ Shims (QQ) System performance plate Which of following Is not a correct usage of hal-effect tangential probes with tesla meter? a) For verifying field adequacy of magnetization techniques suilably positioning the probe +b on the surface of the part perpendicular to the magnetic flux ) For verifying field adequacy of longitudinal magnetization with encircling coils ©) For veiifving field adequacy with central conductor circular magnetization techniques 8 For verifying field adequacy in multi-direction magnetization techniques Both fa) & (a) The lifting power of yokes shall be verified at a pole spacing of a) 75mm b) 100 mm. ) 150 mm. Maximum pole spacing used for examination Demagnetisation of part is required for welds as per this code ) Followed by inspection Any time aftor post-weld heat treatment ) Any time before post-weld heat-treatment Not required if weld is undergoing post-weld heat-treatment If magnetic particle equipment used for prods inspection delivers a maximum output of 2000 amps, the best of five comparative current output levels for calibration would be }) 0,500,100, 1500 & 2000 amps 200,750.1000,1500 & 2000 amps « (®) 300 ,600,900,1250 & 1750 amps 500,1000,1250, 1750 & 2000 amps If fixed mult-turn coil is used for inspection of cylindrical parts as per this code ‘The part is positioned on the axis of the coil (center)! 12) g The part is positioned near the ID surface of the coil ° ‘The part is positioned near the ID surface of the coll, only if the dia of the part is within 10% of coil opening d) Any one of the above isnr Page No2 Mri12) The yoke technique as per this code is employed to a) Detect surface discontinuities b) Detect near-surface discontinuities &) Detect both surface and near-surface discontinuities 13) Linear indication is a) Length equal to width b) Length equal to 3 times the width Length greater than 3 times the width 9) Any indication greater than 2mm 14) Which of the following produces a false indication? @}) Machining marks & Localized surface irregularity Permeability difference ©) Magnetic writing 4d) Keyways & internal splines 15) According to this code a technique shoot is required for a) Prods inspection b) Yoke techniques ©) Coil technique Mult-direction magnetization technique Isnt Page Nod wriMEE NOW OS (SNT (MT UII Nov 05 ‘Saunple acceptance standards EVALUATION OF INDICATIONS * Mechanical discontinuities at the surface are revealed by the retention of cry powder or powder suspensions, + Certain metallurgical discontinuities, and magnetic permeability variations may produce similar indications which ere considered as “nan-telovant. Hance ail indications are not necessarily defects. * Relevant indications are indications which result from imperfections, * Any indications that is believed to bo “non-rolovant’ chell_ be examined by dw sate or other non-destructive methods whether or not actual defects are present. © Surface condiioniig precedes the re-examination. * Alter an indication has been verified to be non-relevant, it is not necessary to reinvestigate repetitive non-relevant indications of the same type. © Linear indications are indications in which the length io more than three times the width. ‘+ Rounded indications are indications which are circular or elliptical with the length equal to or less than three times the width, ACCEPTANCE STANDARDS, > Round or elipticat indications with major dimensions greater than 1.6 mm shall be considered as relovant imperfection. > Non-reievant indications thal would mask defects are unacceptable. > Rounded indications with dimensions greater than § mm are not acceptable. > Any Cracks, in-complete pentration & lack of fusion in welds are unacceptable Any ather linear indieatione greater than 6 mm are net axceptables REPORTING ‘The reporting of the results of examination shall be duly signed by u level-il or Level! personnel ISNT Page Nos arinASNT Lewalll (Nov.2005) 4. Give the definition of the reluctance R of an magnetic circuit of length L, and area S and magnetic permeability aAR=LS/p Oe cR=S/bp wS/L 2. Which of the following grades of steel! lends itself most favourably to the detection of subsurface defects @ highly alloyed steel nou) nonalloyed steel with low carbon content Ss OX pws , slightly alloyed steel * d._nonallyed with high carbon content 3, When an AC current passes through a cylindrical conductor, the magnetic field decreases from periphery towards the center this reduction Is fast al the slart and then slow this reduction is slow at the start and then fast c._ the reduction is linear G. Neither a orb orc, the value of magnetic field is constant 4, The detection of deep lying defectsin thick weldments, * below the surface is a. very similar to the detection of wet cracks b. not difficult if the defect is attributable to fine porosity simple ifthe defect width ca be enlarged &) very improbabke 5. Which ene of thom is not recommended in MT a, longitudinal b circular . vector @) parallel 6. The pattems of iron powder sprinkled on paper placed over a bar magnet are called a. gield survey b, magnetometer , flux indication -Gynagnetograph 7 How is the solid content of a suspension of magnetic particles measured ‘a. by weighing the suspension _b. by soaking the solids in benzoil or Xylene by measuring the solids that settle out of the suspension by measuring the pull of the magnet fa 8, Magnetic flux is a term that relates to a. describing the direction of current flow in an electromagnet bb. the manner in which magnetism flows through space \ the number of lines of force associated with magnetic field permanent magnets only 9. The value of permeability is a. a fixed value depending upon the type of material b. between 1 and 100 for all ferromagnetic materials a variable dependant on the amount of magnetizing force necessary to overcome saturation 10, The SI unit of B,, the remnance or residula magnetism a. Gauss piesa c. Maxwell Oersted 11. Which of the following grades of stee! lends itself most favourably to the detection of defects by MT a. highly alloyed stee! b. slightly alloyed steel sQunalloyea low carbon steel d. unalloyed high carbon steel 412, While demagnetizing a part, which is circularly magnetised , part may have no external poles and may as no apparent indication of the presence of an internal field and hence © itis often better to convert the circular field to a longitudinal field no special precautions are necessary c. only heating the component will achieve the demagnetization d._ it can never ne demagnetized 13, The Dest shape.or tne maytetic particles for the dry powder method is a. globular b flat c. long and slender 1-@a mixture of a and c of the above 14. The unit for permeability is a, Gauss / Oersted b, Tesla Jamp/mtre ©. Hendry! m @plorthe sdove 15, Maxwell is equal to @10* weber 0:10 weber 6.10 Tesla d. 10° Tesla 46. Which current may be convenient to effect demagnetisation Bre b.0c c HwRe 4, FWRG17. Which of the following magnetic fields will have the most effect on other material and equipment affected by extemal flux leakage and as such will more than likely require demagnetisation? Longentiat Circular Circumferential 999 Longitudinal 48, As the depth of a detectable flaw increases below the surface the powder pattern will become which of the following? Clear and narrow bites and wider Clear and wider Diffuse and narrow 19, In an attempt to depth a crack found with magnetic particle inspection which other method of NDT could be used? Liquid penetrant Leak testing Grinding to clear C-Bitrasonios 20. Non metalic inclusions can also be found with magnetic particle inspection as well as cracks This is due to a change in what property of the inclusion in relation to the parent materials? Conductivity Flux leakage Hysteresis © Permeability 24. A fault on the surface of a rolled bar is present due to blowholes elongating along the length of the bar. How would this fault be termed? >» Underfill e ° “Seam Roke ° Crack> 22. Which of the following techniques would be considered to be the most sensitive for detection of surface breaking faults on materials with high retentivity if the length of time taken to cary out the inspection is of no consequence? © > °° Continuous - wet Residual - wet Continuous - dry Residual - dry > 23. When magnetic particles from a wet magnetic ink become stranded in drainage lines such as the toe of a weld when the carrier fluid drains away, what type of indication can build up? “ » False indication a True - non relevant indication True - relevant indication Crack - line indication 24. Which of the following could give rise to true non-relevant magnetic particle indications? Areas of cold work Heavy rough machining Brazed joints Both areas of cold work and brazed joints LArLJ. firowen pene cern ae AMMETER READING WAVE FORM RELATIONSHIP, Stroight DC. Tineon Tecok® Tneon 1 ol meon | ‘peok” 2” mean ATELY, vent is unifermly aiscributed over ‘section of the _ie proportional to the perd- fixing the magnitude of Ver experience has shown that guide iines adequere £0 detect discontinuities cf5390.16 =f 4, PENETRATION CHARACTERISTICS various tests conclusively prove that the ac method is more sensitive than de or bwde, jn showing surface discontinuities. Figure 2-24 compares the abilities of various “F nethods. ‘The illustration plots amperage against depth of discontinuity, 'This experi- nent was performed, using the test specimen shown to the right in Figure 2~24, and recording the lowest amperage which gave a minimum threshold indication at various i discontinuity depths. f f 208 NT REQUIREM) 3, GENERAL ‘The required amount of magnetizing current is affected by the permeability of the metal, the shape and thickness of the article, and the type of discontinuity sought, ‘Tho length of an article does not affect the current requirement, because the current flow in a uniform cross section is uniform throughout the length of the article. The clectrical resistance (reluctance) of the article, however, will increase with length, therefore requiring more energy to develop the same amperage (or field through the specimen. When a specimen is not uniform in section, it is necessary to use one value of current for the thinner sections and a second, third, or more values of currents for heavier sections. It is always proper to use the smaller current value z 200° ac fac be oc werffory / wer pry ‘suRGe z 09 bc-oRy . Hw % Ry 600 Oe ey 400 o- cen TAL, URRENT AMPERE: e 4 i @° coxDucTon fer 9} Js ame 9 nt Icke HOLES ° 2 4 6 @ 10 2 RELATIVE DEPTH OF DISCONTINUITY Figure 2-24, Threshold Sensitivities of Various Metals