Weak Decays of Doubly Heavy Baryons: SU(3) Analysis

Wei Wang, Zhi-Peng Xing , and Ji Xu

INPAC, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology,

School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Motivated by the recent LHCb observation of doubly-charmed baryon ++

cc in the
+ + +
c K final state, we analyze the weak decays of doubly heavy baryons cc , cc ,
bc , bc , bb and bb under the flavor SU(3) symmetry. Decay amplitudes for various
arXiv:1707.06570v1 [hep-ph] 20 Jul 2017

semileptonic and nonleptonic decays are parametrized in terms of a few SU(3) irreducible
amplitudes. We find a number of relations or sum rules between decay widths and CP asym-
metries, which can be examined in future measurements at experimental facilities like LHC,
Belle II and CEPC. Moreover once a few decay branching fractions are measured in future,
some of these relations may provide hints for exploration of new decay modes.

I. INTRODUCTION

The existence of doubly heavy baryons is predicted in the quark model, but the experimental
search for doubly heavy baryons has been a while [16]. Recently, the LHCb collaboration has
observed the doubly charmed baryon ++
cc with the mass given as [7]

m++
cc
= (3621.40 0.72 0.27 0.14)MeV. (1)

Without no doubt, this observation will make a great impact on the hadron spectroscopy and it
will also trigger more interests in this research field [8, 9]. Moreover after this observation, we also
anticipate more experimental investigations of decays of doubly heavy baryons. Thus theoretical
studies on weak decays of doubly heavy baryons will be of great importance and are forcefully
requested [1021].
QCD as the fundamental theory for strong interactions shows two distinct facets. At high energy,
the interaction strength is weak that allows the use of perturbation theory. At low energy, quarks
and gluons are confined into hadrons. The large coupling constant prohibits a direct application of
perturbative expansions. For a high energy process with generic hard scattering, one often uses the
factorization to separate the high-energy and low-energy degrees of freedoms. The factorization
approach has been widely applied to heavy meson decays [2230], in which the long-distance
contributions are parametrized in terms of the low energy inputs, mostly the light-cone distribution
amplitudes. For heavy baryon decays, the factorization analysis is much more involved due to
the lack of knowledge on low-energy inputs and the complicated hard-scattering kernels, and see
Refs. [3136] for some recent discussions.

Email:zpxing@sjtu.edu.cn

Email:xuji@sjtu.edu.cn
 2

In heavy quark decays, the flavor SU(3) symmetry is an useful tool [3771]. There are a few
advantages to adopt the SU(3) symmetry. First once the branching fractions for a few decay
channels are measured, the flavor SU(3) symmetry offers an opportunity to obtain the knowledge
on the related channels. Secondly, the investigation of a few related decay channels can allow one
to examine the CKM parameters with the help of SU(3) symmetry. Thirdly, when enough data is
available, one may use the data to extract the SU(3) irreducible amplitudes. These amplitudes are
expected to calculable in different factorization approaches, and can then be used to examine the
factorization schemes themselves. Thus in this paper we will use the flavor SU(3) symmetry and
analyze various decays of doubly heavy baryons.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Sec. II, we will collect the representations for
the particle multiplets in the SU(3) symmetry. In Sec. III, we will analyze the semileptonic decays
of the doubly-heavy baryons. The nonleptonic decays of doubly-charmed baryons, doubly-bottom
baryons and the baryons with b, c quarks are investigated in Sec. IV, V and Sec. VI, respectively.
The last section contains a brief summary.

II. PARTICLE MULTIPLETS

In this section, we will collect the representations for the multiplets of the flavor SU(3) group.

TABLE I: Quantum numbers for the ground state of doubly heavy baryons. The light quark q corresponds
to u, d quark. The J P denotes the total spin and parity of the baryons. The label Sh corresponds to the
spin of the heavy quark system.

Baryon Quark Content Sh J P Baryon Quark Content Sh J P

+ +
cc {cc}q 1 1/2 bb {bb}q 1+ 1/2+
cc {cc}q 1+ 3/2+ bb {bb}q 1+ 3/2+
cc {cc}s 1+ 1/2+ bb {bb}s 1+ 1/2+
cc {cc}s 1+ +
3/2 bb {bb}s 1+ 3/2+
bc {bc}q 0+ 1/2+ bc {bc}s 0+ 1/2+
+ +
bc {bc}q 1 1/2 bc {bc}s 1+ 1/2+
bc {bc}q 1+ 3/2+ bc {bc}s 1+ 3/2+

Quantum numbers of the doubly heavy baryons are derived from the quark model [72] and are
given in Table I. These baryons can form an SU(3) triplet which are expressed as:

+ +
+ (ccu) (bcu) (bbu)
cc bc bb
Tcc = 0 , T = 0 , T = 0 (bbd) . (2)
cc (ccd) bc bc (bcd) bb

bb
0
cc (ccs) 0
bc (bcs) 0
bb (bbs)

The singly charmed baryons can form an anti-triplet or sextet as shown in Fig. 1. In the
 3

+
c 0c +
c ++
c
udc ddc udc uuc

0c +
c 0
c +
c
dsc usc dsc usc

(a) (b) 0c
ssc

FIG. 1: Anti-triplets (panel a) and sextets (panel b) of charmed baryons with one charm quark and two
light quarks.

anti-triplet case, we have the matrix expression:

0 +c +
c

Tc3 = + 0 0 . (3)
c c
+ c 0 0
c

For the sextet, we have the multiplet:

++ 1 + 1 +
c 2 c 2 c
1 + 1

Tc6 = 0
c 0 . (4)
2 c 2 c
1 + 1 0 0c
2 c 2 c

This is similar for baryons with a bottom quark.

The light baryons form an SU(3) octet and a decuplet. The octet has the expression:

1 0 1 0

2
+ 6
+ p
12 0 + 1 0

T8 =
6
n ,
(5)
q
2 0
0 3

while the light baryon decuplet is given as

1
(T10 )111 = ++ , (T10 )112 = (T10 )121 = (T10 )211 = + ,
3
1
(T10 )222 = , (T10 )122 = (T10 )212 = (T10 )221 = 0 ,
3
1 1
(T10 )113 = (T10 )131 = (T10 )311 = + , (T10 )223 = (T10 )232 = (T10 )322 = ,
3 3
1
(T10 )123 = (T10 )132 = (T10 )213 = (T10 )231 = (T10 )312 = (T10 )321 = 0 ,
6
133 1 0 1
(T10 ) 313 331
= (T10 ) = (T10 ) = , (T10 ) = (T10 ) = (T10 )332 = ,
233 323
3 3
(T10 )333 = . (6)
 4

In the meson sector, the light pseudo-scalar meson is an octet, which can be written as:
0

+ + K +
2 6
0

M8 =
+ K 0 , (7)
2 6
K K 0 2 6

and we will not consider the flavor singlet 1 in this paper. The following analysis is also applicable
to the vector meson octet and other light mesons. The charmed meson forms an SU(3) anti-triplet:
 
Di = D 0 , D + , Ds+ , (8)

and the anti-charmed meson forms an SU(3) triplet:

 
i 0
D = D , D , Ds . (9)

The above two SU(3) triplets are also applicable to the bottom mesons.

III. SEMI-LEPTONIC DECAYS

A. cc and cc decays

The c q transition is induced by the effective Hamiltonian:

GF 
Hef f = Vcq q (1 5 )c (1 5 )l + h.c.,

(10)
2
where q = d, sand the Vcd and Vcs are CKM matrix elements. The heavy-to-light quark operators
, (H )3 =
will form an SU(3) triplet, denoted as H3 with the components (H3 )1 = 0, (H3 )2 = Vcd 3

Vcs . At the hadron level, the effective Hamiltonian for decays of cc and cc into a singly charmed
baryon is constructed as:

Heff = a1 (Tcc )i (H3 )j (T c3 )[ij] l l + a2 (Tcc )i (H3 )j (T c6 ){ij} l l . (11)

Here the a1 and a2 are SU(3) irreducible nonperturbative amplitudes. Feynman diagrams for these
decays are given in Fig. 2.
The decay amplitudes for different channels can be deduced from the Hamiltonian in Eq. (11),
and given in Tab. II. From these amplitudes, we can find the relations for decay widths in the
SU(3) symmetry limit:
|Vcd |2
(++ + + + 0 +
cc c l ) = (cc c l ) = (++ + +
cc c l ), (12)
|Vcs |2
(++ + + + 0 +
cc c l ) = (cc c l ), (13)
1 |Vcd |2
(++ + + + 0 + + 0 +
cc c l ) = (cc c l ) = (cc c l ) = (++ + +
cc c l ), (14)
2 |Vcs |2
1
(++ + + + 0 + + 0 +
cc c l ) = (cc c l ) = (cc c l ). (15)
2
 5

c d/s

c c
q q

FIG. 2: Feynman diagrams for semileptonic decays of cc and cc .

TABLE II: SU(3) amplitudes for doubly charmed baryons cc and cc decays into a singly charmed baryon.
channel amplitude channel amplitude

a2 Vcd
++
cc + +
c l

2
++
cc + +
c l

a1 Vcd

a2 Vcs
++ + +
cc c l

2
++ + +
cc c l

a1 Vcs
+ 0 +
cc c l a2 Vcd
+ 0 +
cc c l

a1 Vcs

a2 Vcs
+ 0 +
cc c l

2
+ 0 +
cc c l

a1 Vcd

a2 Vcd
+ 0 +
cc c l

2
+ 0 +
cc c l a2 Vcs

B. Semileptonic bb and bb decays

The b quark decay is controlled by the Hamiltonian

GF 
Hef f = Vq b q (1 5 )bl (1 5 ) + h.c.,

(16)
2

with q = u, c. The b c transition is an SU(3) singlet, while the b u transition forms an SU(3)
triplet H3 with (H3 )1 = 1 and (H3 )2,3 = 0. Feynman diagrams can be obtained from Fig. 2 by
replacing the c quark by b quark, and the final d/s quarks replaced by the c/u quark. The hadron
level Hamiltonian for semileptonic bb and bb decays is constructed as

Heff = a3 (Tbb )i (T bc )i ll + a4 (Tbb )i (H3 )j (T b3 )[ij] ll + a5 (Tbb )i (H3 )j (T b6 ){ij} ll . (17)

Feynman diagrams for these decays are given in Fig. 3. The decay amplitudes can be deduced from
this Hamiltonian, and the results are given in Tab. III. It leads to the relations for decay widths:

(0bb + 0 0
bc l ) = (bb bc l ) = (bb bc l ), (18)
( 0 0
bb b l ) = (bb b l ), (19)
(0bb + 0 0
b l ) = 2(bb b l ) = 2(bb b l ). (20)
 6

b u/c

b b

q q

FIG. 3: Feynman diagrams for semileptonic decays of bb and bb .

TABLE III: Similar with Tab. II but for the doubly bottom baryons.
channel amplitude channel amplitude
0
bb b l a4 Vub 0bb +
bc l a3 Vcb
0
bb b l a4 Vub bb 0bc l a3 Vcb
0bb +
b l a5 Vub bb 0bc l a3 Vcb
0 a5
Vub
bb b l 2
a5
Vub
0
bb b l 2

C. Semileptonic bc and bc decays

The effective Hamiltonian for semileptonic bc and bc decays is given as:

Heff = a6 (Tbc )i (T cc )i
ll + a7 (Tbc )i (H3 )j (T c3 )[ij] l l + a8 (Tbc )i (H3 )j (T c6 ){ij} l l
+a9 (Tbc )i (H3 )j (T b3 )[ij] ll + a10 (Tbc )i (H3 )j (T b6 ){ij} ll . (21)

In this equation, we have included both charm quark and bottom quark decays. Decay amplitudes
for different channels are obtained by expanding the above Hamiltonian and are collected in Tab. IV.
Apparently, the bc and bc decay amplitudes can be obtained by the ones for Tcc and Tbb
decays. For the charm quark decays, one would derive the results with the replacement, Tcc Tbc ,
Tc Tb . The replacement in bottom quark decays is Tbb Tbc , Tb Tc . Thus we have the
following relations for decay widths:

|Vcd |2
(++ + + + 0 +
bc b l ) = (bc b l ) = (++ + +
bc b l ), (22)
|Vcs |2
(++ + + + 0 +
bc b l ) = (bc b l ), (23)
1 |Vcd |2
(++ + + + 0 + + 0 + ++ + +
bc b l ) = (bc b l ) = 2 (bc b l ) = |V |2 (bc b l ), (24)
cs
++ + + + 0 + 1 + 0 +
(bc b l ) = (bc b l ) = (bc b l ), (25)
2

(0bc + 0 0
cc l ) = (bc cc l ) = (bc cc l ), (26)
( 0 0
bc c l ) = (bc c l ), (27)
 7

TABLE IV: Similar with Tab. IV but for the doubly-heavy bcq baryons.
channel amplitude channel amplitude
+ 0 +
bc b l a9 Vcd
+ ++
bc cc l a6 Vcb
+ 0 +
bc b l a9 Vcs
0bc +
cc l a6 Vcb
0bc +
b l a9 Vcs
0bc +
cc l a6 Vcb
0bc +
b l a9 Vcd
0bc +
c l a7 Vub

a10 Vcd
+ 0 +
bc b l

2
0bc +
c l a7 Vub

a10 Vcs
+ 0 +
bc b l

2
+ ++
bc c l a8 Vub
a8Vub
0bc +
b l a10 Vcd
0bc +
c l 2

a10 Vcs a8Vub
0bc +
b l

2
0bc +
c l 2

a10 Vcd
0bc +
b l

2
0bc +
b l a10 Vcs

(0bc + 0 0
c l ) = 2(bc c l ) = 2(bc c l ). (28)

IV. NON-LEPTONIC cc AND cc DECAYS

Usually the charm quark decays into light quarks are categorized into three groups: Cabibbo
allowed, singly Cabibbo suppressed, and doubly Cabibbo suppressed:

c sdu,
c udd/ss, c dsu. (29)

The tree operators transform under the flavor SU(3) symmetry as 3 3 3 = 3 3 6 15. So
the Hamiltonian can be decomposed in terms of a vector (H3 ), a traceless tensor antisymmetric in
upper indices, H6 , and a traceless tensor symmetric in upper indices, H15 . As we will show in the
following, the vector representation H3 will vanishes as an approximation.
For the c sud transition, we have

(H6 )31 13 31 13
2 = (H6 )2 = 1, (H15 )2 = (H15 )2 = 6, (30)

while for the c dus transition which is doubly Cabibbo suppressed, we have

(H6 )21 12 2 21 12 2
3 = (H6 )3 = sin C , (H15 )3 = (H15 )3 = 3 sin C . (31)

we have
For the transition c udd,

(H3 )1 = 1, (H6 )21 12 13 31

2 = (H6 )2 = (H6 )3 = (H6 )3 = 1,

2(H15 )21 12 11 13 31
2 = 2(H15 )2 = 3(H15 )1 = 6(H15 )3 = 6(H15 )3 = 6, (32)

V
with all other remaining entries zero. The overall factor is Vcd ud sin(C ). While for the
transition c uss, we have

(H3 )1 = 1, (H6 )31 13 12 21

3 = (H6 )3 = (H6 )2 = (H6 )2 = 1,
 8

2(H15 )31 13 11 12 21
3 = 2(H15 )3 = 3(H15 )1 = 6(H15 )2 = 6(H15 )2 = 6, (33)

with all other remaining entries zero. The overall factor is Vcs Vus sin(C ). With both the c udd
and c uss, the singly Cabibbo-suppressed channel has the following effective Hamiltonian:

(H6 )31 13 12 21
3 = (H6 )3 = (H6 )2 = (H6 )2 = 2 sin(C ),

(H15 )31 13 12 21
3 = (H15 )3 = (H15 )2 = (H15 )2 = 4 sin(C ). (34)

A. Decays into a charmed baryon and a light meson

With the above expressions, one may derive the effective Hamiltonian for decays involving the
anti-triplet heavy baryons as

Hef f = b3 (Tcc )i (T c3 )[ij] Mlk (H6 )jl i k jl i k jl

k + b4 (Tcc ) (T c3 )[jl] Mi (H6 )k + b5 (Tcc ) (T c3 )[jk] Ml (H6 )i

+b6 (Tcc )i (T c3 )[jl] Mik (H15 )jl i k jl

k + b7 (Tcc ) (T c3 )[jk] Ml (H15 )i . (35)

For the sextet baryon, we have the Hamiltonian

Hef f = b10 (Tcc )i (T c6 ){ij} Mlk (H15 )jl i k jl i k jl

k + b11 (Tcc ) (T c6 ){jl} Mi (H15 )k + b12 (Tcc ) (T c6 ){jk} Ml (H15 )i

+b13 (Tcc )i (T c6 ){jl} Mik (H6 )jl i k jl

k + b14 (Tcc ) (T c6 ){jk} Ml (H6 )i . (36)

Feynman diagrams for these decays are given in Fig. 4.

Expanding the above equations, we will obtain the decay amplitudes given in Tab. V for the
antitriplet baryon and Tab. VI for the sextet. Thus we have the following relations for decay
widths:

(++ + + ++ + +
cc c ) = (cc c K ), (37)
(++ + + + + 0
cc c K ) = (cc c K ), (38)
0
(++ + + + +
cc c ) = (cc c K ), (39)
0
(+ + 0 + +
cc c K ) = (cc c K ), (40)
1 1
(+ + 0
cc c ) = (+ 0 + + 0 +
cc c K ) = (cc c ). (41)
2 2
For the decays into the sextet, we have:
1
(++ ++ 0
cc c ) = (++ ++
cc c ), (42)
3
(++
cc + + ++ + +
c ) = (cc c K ), (43)
(++ + + + + 0
cc c K ) = (cc c K ), (44)
0
(++ + + + +
cc c ) = (cc c K ), (45)
(+ ++ + ++
cc c ) = (cc c K ), (46)
(+ 0 + + 0 + + + 0
cc c ) = (cc c K ) = 4(cc c ), (47)
 9

c c c c

c q
c q
c

c c q q
q q q q q q

FIG. 4: Feynman diagrams for cc and cc decays into a charmed baryon and a light meson.

TABLE V: Doubly charmed baryons decays into a cqq (antitriplet) and a light meson.
channel amplitude channel amplitude
++ + +
cc c b3 2b4 ++ + +
cc c 2 (b3 2b4 ) sin(C )
+ 0
+cc c K b3 b5 + 3b7 ++ + +
cc c K 2 (b3 2b4 ) sin(C )
2b4 b

+ + 0
cc c
5 3b7
2
+ + 0
cc c 2 (b3 2b4 + 4b7 ) sin(C )
q
2b4 +b 2
+ +
cc c
5 9b7
6
+ +
cc c 3 (2 (b4 + b5 ) 3b3 ) sin(C )
+ 0 +
cc c b3 b5 3b7 + + 0
cc c K (4b4 + 2b5 4b7 ) sin(C )
+ 0
+
cc c K b3 2b4 + 0 +
cc c K 2 (b3 b5 2b7 ) sin(C )
2 + 0
++ + +
cc c K (b3 2b4 ) sin (C ) +
cc c K (4b4 2b5 + 4b7 ) sin(C )
2

+ + 0
cc c K (b3 2b4 ) sin (C ) + + 0
cc c 2 (b3 b5 2b7 ) sin(C )
q
+ + 0
cc c (3 2b7 ) sin2 (C ) + +
cc c
2
3 (3b3 + 4b4 + b5 6b7 ) sin(C )
q
2 2
+ +
cc c 3 (2b4 b5 ) sin (C ) + 0 +
cc c 2 (b3 b5 2b7 ) sin(C )
2
+ + 0
cc c K (b3 b5 + 3b7 ) sin (C )
+
cc 0c K + (b3 + b5 + 3b7 ) sin2 (C )

(+ 0 + ++ ++ 0
cc c K ) = (cc c K ), (48)
0
(+ + 0 + +
cc c K ) = (cc c K ), (49)
(+ 0 + + 0 +
cc c ) = (cc c K ), (50)
0
(+ 0 + ++ ++
cc c ) = (cc c K ). (51)

B. Decays into a light octet baryon and a charmed meson

The effective Hamiltonian for the decays of Tcc into a light octet baryon and a charmed meson
is given as

m m ij jm i
Hef f = c4 (Tcc )l D ijk (T8 )kl (H6 )ij l k l k
m + c5 (Tcc ) D ijk (T8 )m (H6 )l + c6 (Tcc ) D ijk (T8 )m (H6 )l
l i l
+c7 (Tcc )i D ijk (T8 )km (H6 )jm l k jm i k jm
l + c8 (Tcc ) D ijk (T8 )m (H15 )l + c9 (Tcc ) D ijk (T8 )m (H15 )l .

(52)
 10

TABLE VI: Doubly charmed baryons decays into a cqq (sextet) and a light meson.
channel amplitude channel amplitude
++ 0

++
cc c K 3b10 ++ ++ 0
cc c 2 2b10 sin(C )
3(b10 +2b11 )
++ + +
cc c

2
++ ++
cc c 2 6b10 sin(C )

+ ++
cc c K 3b12 b14 ++ + +
cc c 2 2 (b10 + 2b11 ) sin(C )
0 3b10 +3b

+ +
cc c K
12 b14
2
++ + +
cc c K 2 2 (b10 + 2b11 ) sin(C )
1
+ + 0
cc c 2 (6b11 + 3b12 + b14 ) + ++
cc c (2b14 4b12 ) sin(C )
1

+ +
cc c 2 3 (2b11 b12 + b14 ) + + 0
cc c 2 (b10 + 2b11 b14 ) sin(C )
+ 0 +
cc c
3b10 +3b
12 +b14
2
+ +
cc c 2(3b10 +2(b11+b
3
12 )) sin(C )

+ 0 +
cc c K 3b12 + b14 + 0 +
cc c 2 (2b10 + 2b12 + b14 ) sin(C )
0 3(b10 +2b11 )
+
cc +
c K

2
+
cc +
c K
0
2 (4b11 2b12 + b14 ) sin(C )

+ 0 +
cc c 3b10 + 0 +
cc c K 2 (2b10 2b12 b14 ) sin(C )
++
cc c K
++ 0
3b10 sin2 (C ) + ++
cc c K (4b12 2b14 ) sin(C )
3(b10 +2b11 ) sin2 (C ) + 0

++ + +
cc c K

2
+
cc c K 2 (4b11 2b12 + b14 ) sin(C )
3(b10 +2b11 ) sin2 (C )
+ + 0
cc c K

2
+ + 0
cc c (2b10 + 2b12 + b14 ) sin(C )
+ 0 +
cc c K 3b10 sin2 (C ) + +
cc c (6b10 +8b11 +2b1233b14 ) sin(C )

+ ++
cc c (3b12 b14 ) sin2 (C ) + 0 +
cc c 2 (2b10 + 2b12 + b14 ) sin(C )
+ + 0
cc c b14 sin2 (C ) + 0 +
cc c K 2 (2b10 + 2b12 + b14 ) sin(C )

+ +
cc c 3 (b12 2b11 ) sin2 (C )
+ 0 +
cc c (3b12 + b14 ) sin2 (C )
(3b10 +3b12 b14 ) sin2 (C )
+ + 0
cc c K

2
(3b10 +3b12 +b14 ) sin2 (C )
+ 0 +
cc c K

2

c c c c

q q

c q c q

q q q

FIG. 5: Feynman diagrams for cc and cc decays into a light baryon and a charmed meson.

Feynman diagrams for these decays are given in Fig. 5. Expanding the above equations, we will
obtain the decay amplitudes given in Tab. VII, which leads to the relations for decay widths:

(++ + ++ + + + + + 0 +
cc pD ) = (cc Ds ), (cc nD ) = (cc Ds ). (53)
 11

TABLE VII: Doubly charmed baryons decays into a light baryon in the octet and a charmed meson.
channel amplitude channel amplitude
++ + +
cc D 2c4 c7 3c9 ++ + +
cc Ds (4c4 2 (c7 + 2c9 )) sin(C )
2c4 +2c5 c6
c7 +9c8 +9c9
+ 0 +
cc D 6
++
cc pD
+
(4c4 2 (c7 + 2c9 )) sin(C )
q
2
+ + 0
cc D 2c5 c6 3c8 + 0 +
cc Ds 3 (2c4 4c5 + 2c6 c7 + 6c9 ) sin(C )
2c4 2c5 +c

6 +c7 +3c8 +3c9
+ 0 +
cc D 2
+ 0 +
cc Ds 2 (2c4 + c7 + 4c8 + 2c9 ) sin(C )
+ 0 +
cc Ds 2c5 c6 + 3c8 +
cc pD
0
(4c5 2 (c6 + 2c8 )) sin(C )
+
cc
0
D +
2c4 c7 + 3c9 +
cc nD +
(4c4 + 4c5 2 (c6 + c7 2 (c8 + c9 ))) sin(C )
q
++ +
cc pDs (2c4 + c7 + 3c9 ) sin2 (C ) + 0 +
cc D 23 (4c4 2c5 + c6 2c7 6c8 ) sin(C )
+ +
cc nDs (2c4 + c7 3c9 ) sin2 (C ) + + 0
cc D (4c5 2 (c6 + 2c8 )) sin(C )
q
2 2

+
cc 0
Ds+ 3 (2c4 + 2c5 c6 c7 ) sin (C ) +
D
cc
0 +
2 (2c5 + c6 + 2c8 + 4c9 ) sin(C )

+ 0 +
cc Ds 3 2 (c8 + c9 ) sin2 (C ) + 0 +
cc Ds (4c4 + 4c5 2 (c6 + c7 2 (c8 + c9 ))) sin(C )
+
cc pD
0
(2c5 + c6 + 3c8 ) sin2 (C )
+
cc nD
+
(2c5 + c6 3c8 ) sin2 (C )

C. Decays into a light decuplet baryon and a charmed meson

The effective Hamiltonian for a light decuplet in the final state is given as

m m
ij jm i
Hef f = d4 (Tcc )l D (T10 )ijl (H15 )ij l l
m + d5 (Tcc ) D (T10 )ijm (H15 )l + d6 (Tcc ) D (T10 )ijm (H15 )l
l i l
+d7 (Tcc )i D (T10 )ijm (H15 )jm l jm i jm
l + d8 (Tcc ) D (T10 )ijm (H6 )l + d9 (Tcc ) D (T10 )ijm (H6 )l .

(54)

Feynman diagrams for these decays are same as Fig. 5. The corresponding decay amplitudes are
given in Tab. VIII and it leads to the relations for decay widths:

(++ + + ++ + +
cc D ) = (cc Ds ), (55)
(+ 0 + + 0 +
cc D ) = (cc Ds ), (56)
(+ + 0 + 0 +
cc D ) = (cc Ds ), (57)
(+ + 0 + 0 +
cc D ) = (cc D ), (58)
(+ 0 + + 0 +
cc D ) = (cc Ds ). (59)

In addition from the decay amplitudes, one can see that there are relations between the widths
between Cabibbo-allowed, singly Cabibbo suppressed and doubly Cabibbo suppressed decay modes:

(channel 1)
r2 = . (60)
(channel 2)

These relations are given in Tab. IX, X and Tab. XI, respectively.
 12

TABLE VIII: Doubly charmed baryons decays into a light baryon in the decuplet and a charmed meson.
channel amplitude channel amplitude

++
cc D+ +
2 3 (d4 + d7 ) ++
cc D +
8(d4 +d
+ 7 ) sin(C )
3
8(d4 +d7 ) sin(C )
+ + 0
cc D 2 3 (d5 + d6 ) ++
cc Ds+ +
3

+ 0 +
cc D 2 3 (d4 + d5 + d6 + d7 ) +
cc D
+ 0
8(d5 +d 6 ) sin(C )
3

+ 0 +
cc Ds 2 3 (d5 + d6 ) +
cc D
0 +
8(d4 +d5 +d6 +d7 ) sin(C )
3
8(d4 d5 d6 +d7 ) sin(C )
+ 0 +
cc D 2 3 (d4 + d7 ) +
cc 0 +
D s

3
8(d5 +d6 ) sin(C )
++ + +
cc Ds 2 3 (d4 + d7 ) sin2 (C ) +
cc + 0
D
3
8(d4 d5 d6 +d7 ) sin(C )
+ 0 +
cc Ds 2 3 (d4 + d7 ) sin2 (C ) +
cc 0 +
D
3
8(d4 +d5 +d6 +d7 ) sin(C )
+ + 0
cc D 2 3 (d5 + d6 ) sin2 (C ) + 0 +
cc Ds

3

+ 0 +
cc D 2 3 (d5 + d6 ) sin2 (C )
2
+ 0 +
cc Ds 2 3 (d4 + d5 + d6 + d7 ) sin (C )

TABLE IX: Relations for Cabibbo-allowed, singly Cabibbo suppressed and doubly Cabibbo suppressed
processes in Tab. V and Tab. VII.
channel 1 channel 2 r
+ 0
cc c K + 0
cc c sin2 (c )
++ +
cc c ++ +
cc c 2 sin (c )
++ +
cc c + + 0
cc c K 2 sin (c )
++ +
cc c K ++ +
cc c 2 sin (c )
++
cc +
c K

+
cc +
c K
0
2 sin (c )
++ +
cc pDs ++ + +
cc D sin2 (c )
+
cc pD
0
+ + 0
cc D sin2 (c )

TABLE X: Relations for Cabibbo-allowed, singly Cabibbo suppressed and doubly Cabibbo suppressed
processes in Tab. VI.
channel 1 channel 2 r channel 1 channel 2 r
q q
2 2 2
++
cc ++
c 8 ++
cc ++
c K
0
3 sin (c ) ++
cc ++
c 8 +
cc 0c 2 3 sin (c )
q
2 2
++ ++
cc c 8 + 0
cc c 3 sin (c ) ++ +
cc c + + 0
cc c K 34 sin (c )
2
+ +
cc c 8 ++ ++ 0
cc c K sin(
3
c)
++ +
cc c K ++ +
cc c
4 sin(c )
3
2
+ +
cc c 8 + 0
cc c sin(
3
c)
++ +
cc c K + + 0
cc c K
4 sin(c )
3

+ 0
cc c K ++ ++ 0
cc c K sin2 (c ) ++ ++ ++ ++ 0
cc c 8 cc c 21 3 sin (c )
sin(c )
+ 0
cc c K + 0
cc c sin2 (c ) ++ ++ ++ ++
cc c 8 cc c 8 2
q
+ 0
cc c + 0
cc c K sin2 (c ) + + ++ ++ 0
cc c 8 cc c 21 23 sin (c )
sin(c )
+ 0
cc c K + sin2 (c )
0
cc c + +
cc c 8 ++ ++
cc c 8

2 2
2
3 sin(c )
++ ++ 0 ++
cc c cc c K
++ 0
3 2 sin (c ) + 0
cc c K ++ ++ 0
cc c

q2 2
2
++ ++ 0
cc c + 0
cc c 3 2 sin (c ) + 0
cc c K ++ ++
cc c 8 21 23 sin (c )
q
2
++ ++ ++ ++ 0
cc c 8 cc c K 2 3 sin (c )
 13

TABLE XI: Decay width relations for Cabibbo-allowed, singly Cabibbo suppressed and doubly Cabibbo
suppressed processes in Tab. VIII.
channel 1 channel 2 r channel 1 channel 2 r
4 sin(c )
++ +
cc Ds ++
cc D 12 sin2 (c )
+
++
cc Ds
+
+
cc D0
3

++ +
cc Ds +
cc 0 D 12 sin2 (c ) +
cc D 0
+
cc 0 D 34 2 sin (c )
0 0 4 sin(c )
+ 0
cc Ds ++
cc + D 12 sin2 (c ) +
cc + D +
cc + D 3
0 4 sin(c )
+ 0
cc Ds +
cc 0 D 12 sin2 (c ) +
cc + D +
cc 0 Ds 3
2
+ 0
cc Ds ++
cc + D sin2(2c ) +
cc 0 Ds +
cc 0 D 4
3 2 sin (c )
sin2 (c ) 3 sin(c )
+ 0
cc Ds +
cc 0 D
2 2
++ + ++ +
cc Ds cc Ds 8
0 3 sin(c )
+ 0
cc D +
cc + D 12 sin2 (c ) + 0
cc Ds ++ +
cc Ds 8
3 sin(c )
+ 0
cc D +
cc 0 Ds 12 sin2 (c ) + 0
cc Ds ++ +
cc Ds

8 2
0 0 0 3 sin(c )
+ +
cc D +
cc + D 12 sin2 (c ) + 0
cc D + +
cc D 8
0 0 0 3 sin(c )
+ +
cc D +
cc 0 Ds 12 sin2 (c ) + +
cc D + +
cc D 8
0 sin2 (c ) 0 3 sin(c )
+ 0
cc D +
cc + D
2 2
+ 0
cc D + +
cc D

8 2
2
sin (c )
+ 0
cc D +
cc 0 Ds
2 2
+ 0
cc Ds + 0
cc D 3 sin(
c
8 2
)

0 1 2 3 sin(c )
+ 0
cc Ds +
cc D 2 sin (c ) + 0
cc Ds + 0
cc Ds

8 2
2
sin (c ) 3
+ 0
cc Ds + 0
cc D

2
+ 0
cc Ds + 0
cc D 8 sin (c )
4 sin(c ) 3 sin(c )
++ + ++ +
cc Ds cc D 3 + 0
cc Ds + 0
cc Ds 8

V. NON-LEPTONIC bb AND bb DECAYS

For the bottom quark decay, there are generically 4 kinds of quark-level transitions:

b ccd/s, b cud/s, b ucd/s, b q1 q2 q3 , (61)

with q1,2,3 being the light quarks. Each of them will induce more than one types of decay modes
at hadron level, which will be analyzed in order in the following.

A. b ccd/s

1. Decays into J/ plus a bottom baryon

Such decays have the same topology with semileptonic b s+ decays. The transition
operator b ccd/s can form an SU(3) triplet, leadings to the effective Hamiltonian:

Heff = a1 (Tbb )i (H3 )j (T b3 )[ij] J/ + a2 (Tbb )i (H3 )j (T b6 ){ij} J/, (62)

and (H ) = V . Feynman diagrams for these decays are given in Fig. 6.

with (H3 )2 = Vcd 3 3 cs
Decay amplitudes are given in Tab. XII. Thus we have the following relations for decay widths:

(0bb 0b J/) = (
bb b J/), (63)
 14

b c

c
b b

q q

FIG. 6: Feynman diagrams for bb and bb decays into J/ and a bottom baryon.

TABLE XII: Doubly bottom baryons decays into a J/ and a light baryon.
channel amplitude
0bb 0b J/
a1 Vcd
0bb 0b J/ a1 Vcs

bb
b J/ a1 Vcs

bb
b J/

a1 Vcd

a2 Vcd
0bb 0b J/
2

a2 Vcs
0bb 0
b J/

2

bb b J/ a2 Vcd

a2 Vcs

bb b J/

2

a2 Vcd

bb b J/

2

bb b J/ a2 Vcs

(0bb 0b J/) = (
bb b J/), (64)
1
(0bb 0b J/) = (
bb b J/) = 2 (bb b J/), (65)
1
(0bb 0
b J/) = (bb b J/) = (bb b J/). (66)
2

2. Decays into a doubly heavy baryon bcq plus a anti-charmed meson

The b ccd/s transition can lead to another type of effective Hamiltonian:

Heff = a3 (Tbb )i (H3 )j (T bc )i Dj + a4 (Tbb )i (H3 )j (T bc )j Di , (67)

which corresponds to the decays into doubly heavy baryon bcq plus a anti-charmed meson. Feynman
diagrams for these decays are given in Fig. 7. Decay amplitudes are given in Tab. XIII. Thus we
obtain the following relations for decay widths:
0 0
(0bb 0bc D ) = ( 0
bb bc Ds ), (0bb 0bc D ) = ( 0
bb bc D ). (68)
 15

b b b

c c

c
c
b b

q q q q

FIG. 7: Feynman diagrams for bb and bb decays into an doubly heavy baryon and an anti-charmed meson.

TABLE XIII: Doubly bottom baryons decays into a bcq and an anti-charmed meson.
channel amplitude
0bb +
bc D

a3 Vcd
0bb +
bc Ds

a3 Vcs
0
0bb 0bc D
a4 Vcd
0
0bb 0bc D a4 Vcs
0
bb bc D

(a3 + a4 ) Vcd
bb 0bc Ds

a3 Vcs
0

bb bc D

a4 Vcs
bb 0bc Ds

a4 Vcd
0
bb bc D

a3 Vcd
bb 0bc Ds

(a3 + a4 ) Vcs

B. b cud/s

1. Decays into a doubly heavy baryon bcq plus a light meson

The operator to produce a charm quark from the b-quark decay, cbqu, is given by
GF
i
C1 O1cu + C2 O2cu + h.c..

Hef f = Vcb Vuq (69)
2
The light quarks in this effective Hamiltonian form an octet with the nonzero entry

(H8 )21 = Vud

, (70)
for the b cus transition. The hadron-level effective
for the b cud transition, and (H8 )31 = Vus
Hamiltonian is then given as

Heff = a5 (Tbb )i (T bc )i Mjk (H8 )jk + a6 (Tbb )i (T bc )j Mik (H8 )jk + a7 (Tbb )i (T bc )k Mjk (H8 )ji . (71)

Feynman diagrams for these decays are given in Fig. 8. Decay amplitudes are given in Tab. XIV,
which leads to:
1
(0bb 0bc 0 ) = ( 0
bb bc ). (72)
2
 16

b b b b

c b c
b
b c
b b
q q q
q q

FIG. 8: Feynman diagrams for bb and bb decays into a doubly heavy baryon and a light meson.

TABLE XIV: Doubly bottom baryons decays into a bcq and a light meson.
channel amplitude channel amplitude

(a6 2a7 )Vus
0bb +bc

(a5 + a7 ) Vud
0bb 0bc
6
0bb +
bc K

(a5 + a7 ) Vus
0
bb bc (a5 + a6 ) Vud

(a6 a7 )Vud
0bb 0bc 0
2
0
bb bc K

a5 Vus

0
0bb 0bc K a7 Vus
0
bb bc

a6 Vus

(a6 +a7 )Vud
0bb 0bc
6
0
bb bc K

a6 Vud

a6 Vus
0bb 0bc 0
2
0
bb bc

a5 Vud
0bb 0bc K 0 a7 Vud
0
bb bc K

(a5 + a6 ) Vus

2. Decays into a bottom baryon bqq plus a charmed meson

The effective Hamiltonian from the operator cbqu gives

k k
Heff = a8 (Tbb )i (T b3 )[ij] D (H8 )jk + a9 (Tbb )i (T b3 )[jk]D (H8 )ji
k k
+a10 (Tbb )i (T b6 ){ij} D (H8 )jk + a11 (Tbb )i (T b6 ){jk} D (H8 )ji . (73)

Feynman diagrams for these decays are given in Fig. 9. Results are given in Tab. XV, thus we have
the relations for decay amplitudes:
1
(0bb + 0 + 0 + 0 +
b D ) = 2(bb b Ds ), (bb b D ) = 2 (bb b Ds ). (74)

b c b c

b b b b

q q q

FIG. 9: Feynman diagrams for bb and bb decays into a bottom baryon and a charmed meson.
 17

TABLE XV: Doubly bottom baryons decays into a bqq and a charmed meson.
channel amplitude channel amplitude

(a10 +a11 )Vud
0bb 0b D0
(a8 a9 ) Vud 0bb 0b D0
2
0bb 0b D0
(a8 a9 ) Vus 0bb b D
+
a11 Vud

(a +a )Vus
0bb
b D
+
a9 Vus
0bb 0b D
0 10

2
11

a11 Vus
0bb
b Ds
+
a9 Vud 0bb
b D
+
2

0 a11 Vud
bb b D

a8 Vus 0bb
b Ds
+
2
0
bb b D

a8 Vud 0bb b Ds
+
a11 Vus

0
bb b D a10 Vud

0 a10 Vus
bb b D

2

0 a10 Vud
bb b D
2
0
bb b D a10 Vus

C. b ucd/s: Decays into a bottom baryon bqq plus an anti-charmed meson.

For the anti-charm production, the operator having the quark contents (ub)(qc) is given by
GF i
Hef f = Vub Vcq C1 O1uc + C2 O2uc + h.c..

(75)
2

The two light anti-quarks form the 3 and 6 representations. The anti-symmetric tensor H3 and
the symmetric tensor H6 have nonzero components

(H3 )13 = (H3 )31 = Vcs , (H6 )13 = (H6 )31 = Vcs , (76)

for the b ucs transition. For the transition b ucd one requests the interchange of 2 3 in
the subscripts, and Vcs replaced by Vcd .
The effective Hamiltonian is constructed as

Heff = b1 (Tbb )i (T b3 )[ij] Dk (H3 )jk + b2 (Tbb )k (T b3 )[ij] Dk (H3 )ij + b3 (Tbb )i (T b3 )[ij] Dk (H6 )jk
+b4 (Tbb )i (T b6 ){ij} Dk (H6 )jk + b5 (Tbb )k (T b6 ){ij} Dk (H6 )ij + b6 (Tbb )i (T b6 ){ij} Dk (H3 )jk .
(77)

Feynman diagrams for these decays are given in Fig. 10. Decay amplitudes for different channels
are given in Tab. XVI.
0 0
As one can see, the bb can decay into both b D 0 and b D . The D 0 and D can form the
CP eigenstate D+ and D . Thus using the bb decays into the b D , one may construct the
interference between the b cus and b ucs. The CKM angle can then be extracted from
[79, 80]
measuring decay widths of these channels, as in the case of B DK [7378], B DK0,2
and others. This is also similar for the bb D decays and the following bc c D and
bc 0 D modes.
 18

b b b

c b

c
b b

q q q q

FIG. 10: Feynman diagrams for bb and bb decays into a bottom baryon and an anti-charmed meson.

TABLE XVI: Doubly bottom baryons decays into a bqq and an anti-charmed meson.
channel amplitude channel amplitude
0
0bb 0b D (b1 + 2b2 + b3 ) Vcd
0bb +
b D

(b4 + b6 ) Vcd
0
0bb 0b D (b1 + 2b2 + b3 ) Vcs 0bb +
b Ds

(b4 + b6 ) Vcs
0 0 (b4 +2b5 b6 )Vcd

bb b D

(b1 2b2 + b3 ) Vcd 0bb 0b D
2
0 0 (b4 +2b5 b6 )Vcs

bb b Ds (b1 + b3 ) Vcs 0bb 0
b D

2

0 0 (b4 +2b5 +b6 )Vcd

bb b D 2b2 Vcs bb b D

2
0

0 (b4 +b6 )Vcs

bb b D (b3 b1 ) Vcs bb b Ds

2
0 0

bb b Ds

2b2 Vcd bb b D (b4 b6 ) Vcd

0


bb b D (b1 + b3 ) Vcd
0
bb b D 2b5 Vcs
0

0 (b4 b6 )Vcs

bb b Ds (b1 2b2 + b3 ) Vcs bb b D

2
0 0


bb b D

(b1 b3 ) Vcd bb b Ds 2b5 Vcd

(b4 +b6 )Vcd
0
bb b D

2

(b4 +2b5 +b6 )Vcs
0
bb b Ds

2
0

(b4 b6 )Vcd
bb b D

2
0
bb b D (b4 b6 ) Vcs

D. Charmless b q1 q2 q3 Decays

1. Decays into a bottom baryon and a light meson

The charmless b q (q = d, s) transition is controlled by the weak Hamiltonian Hef f :

 10 i
GF
 uu uu
i

X
Hef f = Vub Vuq C1 O1 + C2 O2 Vtb Vtq Ci Oi + h.c., (78)
2 i=3

where Oi is a four-quark operator or a moment type operator. At the hadron level, penguin
operators behave as the 3 representation while tree operators can be decomposed in terms of a
vector H3 , a traceless tensor antisymmetric in upper indices, H6 , and a traceless tensor symmetric
in upper indices, H15 . For the S = 0(b d)decays, the non-zero components of the effective
 19

Hamiltonian are [37, 45, 58]:

H 2 (3) = 1, H112 (6) = H121 (6) = H323 (6) = H332 (6) = 1,

2H112 (15) = 2H121 (15) = 3H222 (15) = 6H323 (15) = 6H332 (15) = 6, (79)

and all other remaining entries are zero. For the S = 1(b s) decays the nonzero entries in the
H3 , H6 , H15 are obtained from Eq. (79) with the exchange 2 3.
The effective hadron-level Hamiltonian for decays into the bottom anti-triplet is constructed as

Hef f = c1 (Tbb )i (T b3 )[ij] Mlj (H3 )l + c2 (Tbb )i (T b3 )[jl] Mij (H3 )l

+c3 (Tbb )i (T b3 )[ij] Mlk (H6 )jl i k jl i k jl
k + c4 (Tbb ) (T b3 )[jl] Mi (H6 )k + c5 (Tbb ) (T b3 )[jk] Ml (H6 )i

+c6 (Tbb )i (T b3 )[jl] Mik (H15 )jl i k jl

k + c7 (Tbb ) (T b3 )[jk] Ml (H15 )i , (80)

while for the sextet baryon, we have

Hef f = c8 (Tbb )i (T b6 ){ij} Mlj (H3 )l + c9 (Tbb )i (T b6 ){jl} Mij (H3 )l

+c10 (Tbb )i (T b6 ){ij} Mlk (H15 )jl i k jl i k jl
k + c11 (Tbb ) (T b6 ){jl} Mi (H15 )k + c12 (Tbb ) (T b6 ){jk} Ml (H15 )i

+c13 (Tbb )i (T b6 ){jl} Mik (H6 )jl i k jl

k + c14 (Tbb ) (T b6 ){jk} Ml (H6 )i , (81)

Feynman diagrams for these decays are given in Fig. 11. Decay amplitudes for different channels
are given in Tab. XVII and Tab. XVIII for b d transition and b s transition respectively.
Thus, it leads to the relations for decay widths:
1
( 0 0
bb b ) = 2 (bb b ), (82)
(0bb + 0 +
b ) = 2(bb b K ), (83)
1
(0bb + 0 +
b ) = 2 (bb b K ). (84)

2. Decays into a bottom meson and a light baryon octet

The effective Hamiltonian is given as

j l j
Hef f = d1 (Tbb )i B ijk (T8 )kl (H3 )l + d2 (Tbb )i B ijk (T8 )kl (H3 )j + d3 (Tbb )l B ijk (T8 )kl (H3 )i
n n ij i jn
+d4 (Tbb )l B ijk (T8 )kl (H6 )ij l k l k
n + d5 (Tbb ) B ijk (T8 )n (H6 )l + d6 (Tbb ) B ijk (T8 )n (H6 )l
l i l
+d7 (Tbb )i B ijk (T8 )kn (H6 )jn l k jn i k jn
l + d8 (Tbb ) B ijk (T8 )n (H15 )l + d9 (Tbb ) B ijk (T8 )n (H15 )l .

(85)

Feynman diagrams for these decays are given in Fig. 12. Decay amplitudes for different channels
are given in Tab. XIX and Tab. XX for b d transition and b s transition respectively.
 20

TABLE XVII: Doubly bottom baryons decays into a bqq and a light meson induced by the charmless b d
transition.
channel amplitude channel amplitude
0bb 0b 0 c1 c2 +c3 2c4 +6c7
2
0bb + b

c8 + 3c10 + 3c12 + c14
c1 +c2 3c3 +2c4 +2c5 1
0bb 0b 6
0
bb b 0 0
2 (c8 + c9 + 5c10 + 6c11 2c14 )

0bb 0b K 0 bb b 2 3 13 c8 + 31 c9 + c10 + 2c11 + 2c12
0 0 1


c1 c3 + c5 + 3c7
0bb b K
+
c2 + 2c4 c5 + 3c7 0bb b
+
c9 2c11 + 3c12 c14
0 0 0 0 c8 c10 +3c
12 +c14
bb b c1 + c2 c3 + 2c4 + 2c7 bb b K 2
0 c9 2c11 +3c12 c14
bb b K c1 c2 c3 + 2c4 2c7 0bb b K +
2
0 0 c8 +c9 +3c10 +6c11 2c12
bb b K c2 + 2c4 c5 + c7 bb b 2
0 0 c8 c9 +5c 10 +2c11 +2c12
bb b c1 c3 + c5 + c7 bb

b 2
0 c1 +c3 c8 +c9 +3c10
bb b
c5 c7
2

bb
b 2c11 2c12
6

bb b c1 2c2 3c3+4c
6
4 +c5 3c7

bb 0
b K c8 +c9 c102c11 2c12
2
0 c9 +6c11c12 +c14
bb b K 2
0
bb b K c 9 2c 11 c12 + c14
0 c8 +3c10c12 c14
bb b 2
0 1
bb b 2 (c 8 + 5c 10 + c12 + c14 )
c8 2c9 +3c10 +4c 11 +c12 3c14
bb b 2 3
0
bb b K c8 c10 c12 c14

TABLE XVIII: Doubly bottom baryons decays into a bqq and a light meson induced by the charmless b s
transition.
channel amplitude channel amplitude
0
0bb 0b K c1 c3 + c5 + 3c7 0bb +b K

c8 + 3c10 + 3c12 + c14
c2 2c3 +2c 0
0bb 0b 0 4 +c5 3c7 0bb 0b K c8 c10 +3c
12 +c14
2 2
0bb 0b 2c1 c2 2c
4 +c5 +9c7
6
0bb 0 b
0 1
2 (c9 + 4c10 + 6c11 + 3c12 c14 )

0bb +
0bb 0 21 3 2
31 c9 2c10 2c11 + c12 + c14


b c2 2c4 + c5 3c7 b 3 c8
+3c12 c14
c9 2c11
bb 0b K

c1 c3 + c5 + c7 0 +
bb b 2
0
bb b c2 + 2c4 c5 + c7 0bb b K
+
c9 2c11 + 3c12 c14
0 c2 2c3 +2c
4 +c5 c7 0 c8 +3c10
bb b 2
bb b K
c12 c14
2
2c1 +c2 2c
4 +c5 +3c7 0

bb b 6
bb b K c8 c10 c12 c14
0 c9 +6c11
c12 +c14

bb b K c1 + c2 c3 + 2c4 + 2c7 0
bb b 2
0 0 1

bb b K c1 + c2 + c3 2c4 + 2c7 bb b 2 (c9 + 4c10 + 2c11 + c12 c14 )
2c8 +c9 +6c10 2c
11 +c12 +3c14

bb b 2 3
0
bb b K c9 2c11 c12 + c14
c8 +c9 +3c10+6c11 2c12
0
bb b K 2
0 c8 +c9 c102c11 2c12
bb b K 2
0

bb b 2 2c10
q
2

bb b 3 (c8 c9 + 3c10 + 2c11 + 2c12 )
 21

b u b b b

b b
b b

q q q q q q

b b b b

b
b

q q q

FIG. 11: Feynman diagrams for bb and bb decays into a bottom baryon and a light meson.

b b b b b b

b b b

q q q q q

FIG. 12: Feynman diagrams for bb and bb decays into a bottom meson and a light baryon.

3. Decays into a bottom meson and a light baryon decuplet

The effective Hamiltonian is given as

j l j
Hef f = f1 (Tbb )i B (T10 )ijl (H3 )l + f2 (Tbb )i B (T10 )ijl (H3 )j + f3 (Tbb )l B (T10 )ijl (H3 )i
n n ij i jn
+f4 (Tbb )l B (T10 )ijl (H15 )ij l l
n + f5 (Tbb ) B (T10 )ijn (H15 )l + f6 (Tbb ) B (T10 )ijn (H15 )l
l i l
+f7 (Tbb )i B (T10 )ijn (H15 )jn l jn i jn
l + f8 (Tbb ) B (T10 )ijn (H6 )l + f9 (Tbb ) B (T10 )ijn (H6 )l .

(86)

Feynman diagrams for these decays are same as Fig. 12. Decay amplitudes for different channels
are given in Tab. XIX and Tab. XX for b d transition and b s transition respectively.
We summarize the relations for decay widths for bb and bb decay into a bottom meson and a
light baryon,
0 0
(0bb 0 B ) = 2(0bb 0 B s ), (87)
 22

TABLE XIX: Doubly bottom baryons decays into a bottom meson and a light baryon induced by the
charmless b d transitio.
channel amplitude
0
0bb 0 B s d1 +2d2 d3 2d4+4d5 2d6 +d7 3d9
6
0 d1 +d3 +2d4
0bb 0 B s d7 6d8 d9
2
0bb pB d2 d3 + 2d4 + 2d5 d6 d7 + 3d8 + 3d9
0
0bb nB d1 + d2 + 2d5 d6 3d8 2d9
0
bb B s d1 + d3 + 2d4 d7 + 2d8 d9
bb nB

d1 d3 + 2d4 d7 2d8 3d9
0 d1 d2 +2d3 4d4
+2d5 d6 +2d7 +3d8
bb B 6
0
bb B d1 +d2 2d5+d
2
6 +d8 +6d9

0
bb B d1 d2 + 2d5 d6 d8 + 2d9
0
bb B s d2 + d3 + 2d4 + 2d5 d6 d7 + d8 + d9
f1 +f2 +f3 +6f
4 +6f5 +6f6 +6f7
0bb + B 3
0 f1 +f2 +f3 2f
4 +6f5 +6f6 2f7
0bb 0 B 3
0 f1 +f2 +f3 2f
4 +6f5 +6f6 2f7
0bb 0 B s 6
0 f1 +f2 +f3 +6f
4 2f5 2f6 +6f7

bb B 3
0

bb B f1 + f2 + f3 2f4 2f5 2f6 2f7
0 f1 +f2 +f3 2f
4 2f5 2f6 2f7

bb
Bs 3
f1 +f2 +f3 +6f
4 2f5 2f6 +6f7

bb 0 B 6
0 f1 +f2 +f3 2f
4 2f5 2f6 2f7

bb B 3
0 f1 +f2 +f3 2f
4 2f5 2f6 2f7

bb B s 3

0 0 0 0
(
bb B ) = 3(bb B s ) = 3(bb B s ) = 3(bb B ), (88)
0 1 0
(0bb 0 B ) = (0bb 0 B s ), (89)
2
0 0 0 1 0
(
bb B ) = (bb B s ) = (bb B ) = 3 (bb B s ). (90)

4. U-spin for bb and bb decays

For bb , bb decays induced by the b q1 q2 q3 , there are two amplitudes with different CKM
factors. We consider the connected decays with the decay amplitudes

T
Abb ,bb + Vtb Vtd APbb ,bb ,


A(S = 0) = r Vub Vud
T
A(S = 1) = Vub Vus Abb ,bb + Vtb Vts APbb ,bb . (91)

As pointed out in Refs. [4042], there exists a relation for the CP violating quantity = .
The relation about decay widths (S = i) and CP asymmetry ACP (S = i) is
ACP (S = 0) (S = 1)
= r 2 . (92)
ACP (S = 1) (S = 0)
 23

TABLE XX: Doubly bottom baryons decays into a bottom meson and a light baryon induced by the
charmless b s transitio.
channel amplitude
0
0bb 0 B 5 +d6 +d7 +9d8 +3d9
2d1 d2 d3 2d4 2d
6
0bb + B d2 + d3 2d4 2d5 + d6 + d7 3d8 3d9
0 d2 d3 2d4 +2d
5 d6 +d7 +3d8 d9
0bb 0 B 2
0
0bb 0 B s d1 d2 2d5 + d6 + 3d8 + 2d9
0 2d1 +d2 +d3 2d4 2d
5 +d6 +d7 +3d8 +9d9
bb B 6
0 d2 d3 +2d4 2d
5 +d6 d7 d8 +3d9
bb B 2
0
bb B d2 d3 2d4 2d5 + d6 + d7 d8 d9
0
bb B s d1 + d2 2d5 + d6 + d8 2d9
0
bb B d1 d3 2d4 + d7 2d8 + d9
0
bb B d1 + d3 2d4 + d7 + 2d8 + 3d9
f1 +f2 +f3 +6f
4 +6f5 +6f6 +6f7
0bb + B 3
0 f1 +f2 +f3 2f
4 +6f5 +6f6 2f7
0bb 0 B 6
0 f1 +f2 +f3 2f
4 +6f5 +6f6 2f7
0bb 0 B s 3
f1 +f2 +f3 +6f
4 2f5 2f6 +6f7
0
bb B 6
0 f1 +f2 +f3 2f
4 2f5 2f6 2f7

bb B 3
0 f1 +f2 +f3 2f
4 2f5 2f6 2f7

bb B s 3
f1 +f2 +f3 +6f
4 2f5 2f6 +6f7
0
bb B 3
0 f1 +f2 +f3 2f
4 2f5 2f6 2f7

bb B 3
0

bb B s f1 + f2 + f3 2f4 2f5 2f6 2f7

In Tab.XXI and Tab.XXII, we collect the bb , bb decay pairs related by U-spin. The CP
asymmetries and decay widths for these pairs satisfy relation in Eq. (92). The experiment data in
future is important to test flavor SU(3) symmetry and also CKM mechanism for CP violation.

VI. NON-LEPTONIC bc AND bc DECAYS

The decays of bc and bc can proceed via the b quark decay or the c quark decay, which are
induced by the following quark transitions:

c sdu,
c udd/ss, c dsu,
b ccd/s, b cud/s, b ucd/s, b q1 q2 q3 . (93)

As we have shown in the semileptonic case, for the charm quark decays, one can obtain the
decay amplitudes from those for cc and cc decays with the replacement of Tcc Tbc , Tc Tb
and D B. For the bottom quark decay, one can obtain them from those for bb and bb decays
with Tbb Tbc , Tb Tc and B D. Thus it is not necessary to repeat the tedious results here.
 24

TABLE XXI: U-spin relations for bb , bb decays into a bottom baryon and a light meson. Results in the
channel 1 are for b d processes and the ones in the channel 2 are for b s processes. r denotes the
ratio of the two amplitudes.
channel 1 channel 2 r channel 1 channel 2 r
0bb 0b K 0 0bb 0b K 0 1 0bb
b
+
0bb
b K
+
1
0bb b
+
0bb b K
+
1 0bb
b K
+
0bb b
+
1
0 0

bb b K bb b 1 0bb
b K
+
0bb
b K
+
2
0 0
0
bb b K bb b 2 bb b K 0
bb b 1
0 0 0
bb b bb b K 1 0
bb b bb b K 1
0 0 0 0
bb b K bb b 1 bb b K bb b K 1
0 0 0 0
bb b K bb b K 1 bb b K bb b K 1
0bb +b K

0bb + b

1 0
bb b K 0
bb b 1
0bb 0b K 0 0bb 0
b K
0
1 0
bb b K 0
bb b K 1
0bb +
0bb + 1
b b 2

TABLE XXII: U-spin relations for bb , bb decays into a bottom meson and a light baryon. Results in the
channel 1 are for b d processes and the ones in the channel 2 are for b s processes. r denotes the
ratio of the two amplitudes.
channel 1 channel 2 r channel 1 channel 2 r
0bb pB 0bb + B 1
bb B 0
0
bb B 1
0bb nB 0 0bb 0 Bs0 1
bb Bs0

bb B 0

1
0 0
bb Bs bb B 1
bb Bs0 0
bb Bs 1
0

bb nB
bb B 1
bb Bs0 bb B 0

1
0
0
Bs0 0 1
bb B bb Bs 1 bb bb Bs 3
0 0
bb Bs bb B 1
bb B 0 0
bb B 1

0bb 0 B 0 0 0 0
bb B 2
bb B 0
0
bb Bs 1
0bb 0 B 0 0 0 0
bb Bs 1
bb B 0
0
bb B 1
0bb 0 Bs0 0bb 0 B 0 1 B 0
0 1
bb bb Bs 3
0bb 0
Bs0 0bb 0 Bs0 12
bb 0 B 0
bb B 1


B 0
0
0
0 1
bb bb B 3 bb B bb B 2


bb B 0 0
bb Bs 3
bb Bs0 0
bb B 1
0 0


bb

B bb B 3
bb Bs0

0
bb Bs 1
0 0

bb

B
bb Bs 1
bb Bs0 0
bb B 1

B 0
0
Bs0 0 1
bb bb B 2 bb bb Bs 3

VII. CONCLUSIONS

Quite recently, the LHCb collaboration has observed the doubly-charmed baryon ++
cc in the
final state c K + + . Such an important observation will undoubtedly promote the research on
the hadron spectroscopy and also on weak decays of doubly heavy baryons.
 25

() ()
In this paper, we have analyzed the weak decays of doubly heavy baryons cc , cc , bc , bc ,
bb and bb under the flavor SU(3) symmetry. Decay amplitudes for various semileptonic and
nonleptonic decays have been parametrized in terms of a few SU(3) irreducible amplitudes. We
have found a number of relations or sum rules between decay widths and CP asymmetries, which
can be examined in future measurements at experimental facilities like LHC, Belle II and CEPC.
Moreover once a few decay branching fractions were measured in future, some of these relations
may provide hints for exploration of new decay modes.

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to Jibo He, Xiao-Hui Hu, Cai-Dian Lu, Fu-Sheng Yu, Zhen-Xing Zhao
for useful discussions and valuable comments. This work is supported in part by National Natural
Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11575110, 11655002, Natural Science Foundation
of Shanghai under Grant No. 15DZ2272100 and No. 15ZR1423100, and by Key Laboratory for
Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology, Ministry of Education.

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