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Technical Manual
WARRANTY
Sundyne Corporation warrants to Buyer for a period of twelve (12) months from the
date of being placed in service (but not to exceed eighteen (18) months after the
date of shipment) that the equipment at the time of shipment will be free from
defects of design, material and workmanship. If any defects or malperformance
occur during the warranty period, Sundynes sole obligation shall be limited to
alteration, repair or replacement at Sundynes expense, F.O.B. Factory, of parts or
equipment, which upon return to Sundyne and upon Sundynes examination prove
to be defective. Equipment and accessories not manufactured by Sundyne are
warranted only to the extent of and by the original manufacturers warranty.
Sundyne shall not be liable for damage or wear to equipment caused by abnormal
conditions, vibration, failure to properly prime or to operate equipment without flow
or caused by corrosives, abrasives or foreign objects. THE FOREGOING
WARRANTY IS EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES,
WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. In no
event shall Sundyne be liable for consequential or incidental damages.
A reminder to do something.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) safety glasses with side shields shall be worn by all
personnel installing or performing maintenance or repair on the equipment. If equipment is to be
manually lifted and the weight is over 15 pounds (7kg), or if pallet jacks or forklifts are to be used,
the person shall wear safety toed shoes. When testing the equipment, hearing protectors (ear
defenders) are recommended to be worn if noise levels exceed 85 dB over the work day.
Chemical resistant gloves shall be used if chemical use is required (see Chemical Use below for
additional information). If chemicals have warnings regarding fumes and/or dust/mists, a dust
mask respirator shall be worn.
When selecting one piece of PPE to be used with another, consider the compatibility between
them. For example, safety glasses should not interfere with the seal from hearing protectors to
protect hearing. Be sure to clean the PPE after each use.
Use of Forklifts: All forklift drivers must have a current recognized license. If using a forklift, first
ensure that the lift is in safe operating condition.
Electrical Safety:
Installation, Service, Repair: Ensure all electrical sources are off and safe to install, service,
and/or repair the equipment. A recognized Lockout/Tagout program should be followed - Locks
and/or tags should be provided warning employees that the equipment is being installed, serviced,
and/or repaired. Once the work is completed, the person installing the lock and/or tag shall
remove it and inform others of start-up. Should there be a shift change, the lock and/or tag shall
be removed by the first authorized person and the lock and/or tag shall be installed by the second
shift authorized person.
Testing Equipment: Persons in the immediate area shall be warned when a test is to be
performed.
Tools: Tools shall be insulated from electrical shock. Ensure all tools are clean and free of oil
and the insulation is not damaged in any way.
Chemical Use: Any chemicals to be used shall be accompanied by a relevant Hazard Data Sheet,
in accordance with your government legislation. If applicable, chemical proof gloves shall be
used. An eye wash station (or equivalent) should be available in the event of injury. Should any
hazardous or flammable chemicals have flowed through the equipment a complete
decontamination of the equipment is required.
Fall Protection: When working over six feet from the ground, fall protection is required.
Machine Guarding: Guards shall remain in place on all equipment. Only during
maintenance/repair can the guards be removed, and prior to start-up, the guard must be replaced.
This manual presents installation, servicing, starting, pump control, trouble shooting, maintenance, and spare parts
information for Sunflo Pumps.
Information that may be required and is not included herein may be obtained from your Sundyne Corporation
Distributor, or directly from the factory.
Instructions under the heading of NOTE give specific details to ensure satisfactory pump operation and durability of
pump.
Instructions under the heading of WARNING, if ignored, can cause pump damage and void the warranty.
COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE SAFETY REGULATIONS AND THE PROVISION OF REQUIRED PROTECTIVE
DEVICES ARE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER.
1.0 INSTALLATION
1.1 INSPECTION
Upon receipt of your Sunflo pump, check visually for any damage which may have occurred during shipment. Notify
the shipping carrier and Sundyne Corporation promptly if damage has occurred. Check packing list to verify receipt of
all items contained in the shipment.
1.2 STORAGE
If pump is not to be installed immediately, it should be stored in a clean, dry area. Care should be taken to protect the
pump from exposure to moisture and dust. Shipping covers installed at the factory (for pump and seal ports) should
be kept securely in place until just prior to installation. Storage instructions provided by the driver (motor or turbine)
manufacturer should be observed.
WARNING
All shipping covers should be removed prior to operation of the pump. Be sure to remove seal drain shipping plugs.
Certain long-term storage considerations should be met for any Sunflo pump which will not be operating for a period
of time exceeding six months from date of factory shipment. This action will ensure minimum corrosion damage to
the gearbox and fluid-end components. Because of storage location and other unknown site factors beyond our
control, Sundyne Corporation will not accept any liability for damage to equipment during the storage period, nor will
Sundyne Corporation guarantee the quality of the equipment during and after the storage period.
To ensure the original quality of the Sunflo pump (before commissioning the pump) after storage, all components
must be inspected by an authorized Sundyne Corporation service engineer. Any required replacement will be at the
purchasers expense. Any components not manufactured by Sundyne Corporation (except mechanical seals) must
be inspected by the particular sub-manufacturers authorized service personnel and any component replacement will
be at the purchasers expense.
The method employed for long-term storage is to prevent the humidity/temperature and airborne chemicals from
making contact with the internal components of the equipment.
When the equipment is to be stored in strong chemical environments or near salt water, protection should be initiated
immediately upon receipt of the equipment.
Following is the Sundyne Corporation preferred list of recommended long-term storage procedures:
1.4 MOUNTING
For both the close coupled and the frame mounted units, the pump, gearbox and driver should be mounted on a rigid
foundation and have minimum deflection freedom from resonant frequencies. The horizontal base or motor feet
should be secured in position using the maximum size bolt accepted by the motor or horizontal base.
Bolts used should have sufficient length to extend at least three threads above the nut after tightening.
When the horizontal base is to be grouted, the horizontal base should be leveled prior to grouting.
Alignment of the pump and drive is of extreme importance for trouble-free mechanical operation.
NOTE
If other than Sundyne Corporation supplied couplings are used, they must be a flexible type, vibration dampening
coupling design. Refer to coupling manufacturers recommendations for installation and alignment.
On initial alignment set the motor 0.003-0.004 inches or 0.076 - 0.101 mm higher than the pump.
Final alignment can only be accomplished after the unit has been run under actual operating conditions for a sufficient
length of time to bring the unit up to operating temperature.
A. After warm up period has elapsed, stop the unit and immediately disconnect the coupling and check the
alignment.
NOTE
Motor shaft height should be equal to pump shaft height at operating temperature.
C. Reconnect coupling, check final alignment after approximately one week of operation.
A. The suction line should be clean and a strainer (40 mesh is suggested) should be installed to protect the impeller
from damage by mill scale, welding slag, or other foreign particles during initial startup.
B. All piping must be supported independently of the pump. The piping should always line up with the pump flanges.
WARNING
Never draw the piping into place by the use of force as this will cause pipe strain which may impose excessive
stress on the unit.
C. The piping, both suction and discharge, should have no unnecessary elbows, bends, and fittings, as they increase
friction losses in the piping. The size of pipe and fittings should be selected carefully and be sufficient to keep the
friction losses as low as practical.
NOTE
When frame mount units are being used, coupling alignment should be verified after suction and discharge piping has
been connected. If realignment is necessary, pipe strain may be present.
NOTE
Suction pipe should never be of smaller diameter than the pump suction inlet and should have at least 10 pipe
diameters of straight pipe leading into the pump suction flange.
D. Block valves (both suction and discharge) are recommended to isolate the pump during shut-down, to minimize
fluid leakage during the shut-down condition, and to prevent possible reverse rotation due to back flow through
the pump.
E. If reverse flow during shutdown is possible, a check valve should be installed in the discharge piping to protect
the pump from possible reverse rotation.
NOTE
Maximum solid size for the pump is 400 microns. Maximum solid size for the mechanical seal is 5-10 microns.
Depending upon the pump seal arrangement and application, a seal environmental control system may be required.
The pump seal environment must always be maintained as determined by the seal arrangement. There are three seal
arrangements available for Sunflo Pumps: single, double, tandem (not available for the P-1500). Therefore, its
imperative that the seal environmental control system piping be installed properly and that the seal drain port is open.
A seal flush system is available for use with the single seal arrangement when the process fluid is contaminated with
solid particles or if the pump fluid temperature dictates the need to flush. A clean, cool fluid from an external source is
introduced into the seal flush port at 15 psi/103.4 kPa above seal cavity pressure and at a controlled flow of:
3
P-1500 - 1.0 gpm / 0.22 m /hr.
3
P-2000 - 2.0 gpm / 0.45 m /hr.
3
P-3000 - 3.0 gpm / 0.68 m /hr.
NOTE
Seal flush ports must be plugged if not in use.
A liquid buffer system is used with double liquid seals to prevent process liquid leakage out of the pump. The buffer
must be cool, clean and compatible with the process fluid and pump metallurgy. The buffer liquid is introduced into
2
the buffer in port of the seal housing at a pressure of 15 psi /1.05 kg/cm higher than the seal cavity pressure. See
seal cavity pressure, Chart 1. A small portion of the buffer fluid flows across the front seal into the process fluid and a
small portion flows across the rear seal and is vented from the drain port. A buffer flow of:
3
P-1500 - 1.0 gpm / 0.22 m /hr.
3
P-2000 - 2.0 gpm / 0.33 m /hr.
3
P-3000 - 3.0 gpm / 0.68 m /hr.
The flow should be regulated by a valve or orifice on the buffer out port.
A liquid buffer system is used with tandem seal arrangement to cool and lubricate the outboard seal and to contain
process fluid leakage from the inboard seal. The buffer fluid must be cool, clean, and compatible with the process
fluid and pump materials of construction. The buffer liquid is introduced into the buffer in port of the seal housing at
3
atmospheric pressure and must maintain a flow of 0.5 to 3.0 gpm (0.10 to 0.70 m /hr) through the buffer cavity to
properly lubricate and cool the outboard (secondary) seal.
Seal drain must be open, free to drain. Ensure all shipping plugs have been removed.
Whenever a single seal with external flush, double, or tandem seal arrangement is used, the seal cavity pressure rise
must be known to determine the seal flush or buffer pressure. The area behind the impeller, near the seal, is referred
to as the seal cavity. Suction pressure plus the seal cavity pressure rise plus a safety margin of 15 psi/103.4 kPa
equals the required double seal buffer pressure or the single seal flush pressure.
The required seal flush/buffer pressure may be determined for your pump model by using the appropriate values in
the Seal Cavity Pressure Rise Tables (1 through 6) and the method provided below:
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
Model: Sunflo P3-AJG
Suction Pressure: 131 kPa
Seal Cavity Pressure Rise: 138 kPa (from the P3 Table)
Process Specific Gravity: 0.95
Required Seal Flush/Buffer Pressure (RSFBP) = Suction Pressure + Seal Cavity Pressure Rise + 103.4 kPa
RSFBP = 131 kPa + (138 kPa)(0.95) + 103 kPa
RSFBP = 365.1 kPa
Remove the fill plug and fill the gearbox until fluid reaches the designated level on the sight glass.
Oil Capacities:
WARNING
Overfilling the gearbox will cause seal leakage, excess foaming and excessive use of horsepower.
The following lube oil specifications must be met by any oil used in Sunflo gearboxes:
Gravity, API 28 37
Pour Point, C (F) -7 (20) max.
Flash Point, C (F) 204 (400 min.
Viscosity,
cSt at 40C 28.8 to 35.2
cSt at 100C 5.2 min.
SUS at 100F 150 to 180
SUS at 210F 44 min.
Viscosity Index 95 min.
ISO Viscosity Grade 32
Color, ASTM D 1500 1 to 5
Neutralization Number, Maximum 0.20
Rust Protection, ASTM D 665, A & B Pass
Demulsibility, ASTM D 1401
Time to 0 ml emulsion
At 54C (130F) after 30 min. Pass
At 82C (180F) after 60 min. Pass
Foam Limits, ASTM D 892
Sequence 1 25/0 max.
Sequence 2 50/0 max.
Sequence 3 25/0 max.
2.2 START-UP
A. Review pump specification sheet noting design parameters and possible seal system requirements.
B. Check to ensure that the driver has been serviced per instructions provided by the driver manufacturer.
C. Check to ensure suction screen has been installed on inlet side for initial start-up (40 Mesh Recommended).
WARNING
Never start the pump against a closed discharge valve.
G. Adjust control valve so that pump will operate near the design point when pump is started.
H. Insure that the motor shaft rotation is in the same direction as the arrow on the gearbox marked MOTOR
ROTATION. To determine shaft rotation, observe the motor shaft or fan while jogging the motor in a
short, one-second interval. Rotation of the high speed shaft must be in the same direction as the arrow on the
gearbox housing marked PUMP ROTATION.
NOTE
Three-phase motor rotation may be reversed by interchanging any two motor leads. Motor and pump rotate in
opposite directions due to the single step gear arrangement.
NOTE
P-3000 Journal Bearing Units - On initial start-up or after extended shutdown time, (periods in excess of one week)
jog the motor for several one-second intervals to pre-lubricate the bearings prior to full speed operation.
WARNING
Reverse rotation may cause damage to the pump.
I. Start the motor and adjust the discharge throttle valve to the proper operating condition.
WARNING
Do not overload the pump or motor (an ammeter is recommended to determine motor load).
A. Obtaining satisfactory performance from any centrifugal pump requires that the pump be operated in the following
manner:
1. A flow range where the system head curve and pump performance curve intersect at a significant angle.
2. The pump is not operated below the recommended minimum flow. Minimum flow considerations are
discussed further in the Sunflo Pump Control Bulletin. Actual minimum hydraulic stable flow must be
determined during system commissioning.
3. The pump is not operated beyond the recommended maximum flow. Maximum flow considerations are
discussed further in the Sunflo Pump Control Bulletin.
B. The flow at which a centrifugal pump operates depends upon the point of intersection of the system head and
pump characteristic curves. In order for control to be steady, the system curve must intersect the pump
characteristic curve at a significant angle. Examples of satisfactory and unsatisfactory angles of intersection are
shown in Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 2
In Figure 2, the angle of intersection between the system curve and the pump performance curve is much larger than
that shown in Figure 1. The pump performance curve shown in Figures 1 and 2 are identical. In this example, note
that System Curve A intersects the pump performance curve resulting in Pressure Pa and Flow Qa. As was the case
in Figure 1, Curve A could represent a system curve in which the control valve is wide open. As the control valve is
closed, the additional pressure moves the system curve to that of Curve B resulting in Pressure Pb and Flow Qb.
Since the angle of intersection between the system curve and the performance curve is much larger, a larger change
in pressure is required to provide the same change in flow as shown in Figure 1.
C. Because of the characteristic flat pump performance curve shape of Sunflo pumps, flow control rather than
pressure control is recommended. Pressure and flow control schemes both operate by throttling a discharge flow
valve. The control signal to the valve comes from either a flow or pressure controller. When trying to operate the
Sunflo pump in the flat area of the performance curve, a small change in pressure will result in a large change in
flow. Since a flow controller responds to changes in flow rather than pressure, pump control is more stable in this
region of the curve.
D. As the pump is operated closer to BEP, the Sunflo pump performance curve provides a more responsive change
in flow for a given change in pressure. Either pressure or flow control of the Sunflo pump is suitable in this area.
However, flow control is still recommended because of the problems associated with pressure control that were
discussed in the previous paragraph.
F. If the user requires that the pump be operated on pressure control, contact Sunflo or your local sales
representative. It is possible to modify the pump to steepen the pump performance curve so that pressure control
is more practical.
PARALLEL OPERATION
G. When centrifugal pumps are operated in parallel, their control becomes more critical because one pump may
tend to overpower the other pump in terms of head at total lower flows. If pumps are connected together at
discharge by a simple, unrestricted manifold, the discharge head of one pump is upon another; all pumps see the
same discharge head at any given moment in time. This situation is shown on the following curves and
discussion.
Figure 3
Figure 3 shows that the characteristic curves of 2 duplicated pumps designated as Pump A and Pump B. Since no 2
pumps will have exactly the same performance, the curves in Figure 6 shows that Pump A produces a very slight
more amount of head than Pump B. The pumps arranged with a manifold having a common control valve are as
shown in Figure 4.
Figure 4
With the manifold pressure set at P1, the flow through Pump A is indicated as A1 and the flow through Pump B is
indicated as B1. If the throttle valve is closed to set the manifold pressure at P2, the flow through pumps A and B are
A2 and B2 respectively. If the control valve were closed even further, then Pump B would cease to flow entirely
resulting in damage for deadheading the unit. This situation can be avoided through the proper selection of the
control system.
Figure 5
4.0 TROUBLESHOOTING
Pump performance characteristics are shown in the pump selection procedure. Tables 8 and 9 present information
which is useful in the analysis of gearbox, pump performance, and seal problems.
When ordering replacement parts, give the pump serial number, and list each part required by item number and part
name along with quantities desired. When requesting information concerning your Sunflo Pump, always refer to the
pump model number and pump serial number as they appear on the nameplate.
All SUNFLO products are available on an expedited basis. The factory should be contacted prior to order placement
to ensure part availability. Stock spare parts requiring no machining will be shipped 24 hours after receipt of order at
the factory and parts requiring additional machining will be shipped within 96 hours after receipt of order at the factory.
The kits shown below simplify maintenance and inventory control. They are available through your Sunflo distributor.
Can ship on an expedited 3-day basis when needed. Old shaft assembly returned for credit within 60 days.
NOTE
A HIGHLY RECOMMENDED OPTION TO NORMAL PUMP MAINTENANCE IS THE PURCHASE OF A SPARE
HIGH SPEED SHAFT ASSEMBLY WHICH CAN BE REPLACED QUICKLY AND EASILY AS A COMPLETE UNIT.
Order parts through your Sunflo distributor. For information or assistance contact:
Sundyne Corporation
th
14845 West 64 Avenue
Arvada, Colorado 80007
Telephone: 303-425-0800
Fax: 303-425-0896
Attention: Parts Order Coordinator
or