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material selection, content outline, development of instructional procedures and test and
examination preparation. Educational purposes also the most important factor to consider
when developing any type of curriculum and instruction. Tyler suggested that valid
objectives can be decided by scientific investigations. Socialists believe that schools are
places that help young people to deal effectively with the critical problems of
contemporary life. Educational philosophers, on the contrary, believe that the primary
mission of schools is to transmit the basic values that have been generated from
comprehensive philosophic studies.
Learning is said to take place through experiences that the learner has such as
reactions the student makes to the environment in which he/she is placed. The means of
education are educational experiences that the learner has had. The essential means of
education are the experiences provided, not the things to which the student is exposed.
There are some characteristic of learning experience: Learning experiences to develop
skill in thinking, Learning experiences helpful in acquiring informatio, Learning
experiences helpful in developing social attitudes, and Learning experiences helpful in
developing interests.
It is important to check that the plans for learning experiences are functioning to
guide the teacher in producing the outcomes that are desired, which is the purpose for
evaluation. The process of evaluation is necessary after the plans are developed. The
process of evaluation will involve identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the
plans. As a result of evaluation, it is important to note what within the curriculum is
effective and what needs improvement. With basic notion regarding evaluation,the
purposes being attained. There are some kind basic notion we can use: Evaluation must
appraise the behavior of students since it is change in these behaviors which is sought,
Evaluation must involve more than a single appraisal at any one time at an early point
and later point to see if a change has taken place, It is also necessary to have another
appraisal after the completion of the instruction, and Any valid evidence about behaviors
that are desired as educational objectives will provide an appropriate method for
evaluation beyond paper and pencil tests.
Student portfolios take many forms, as discussed below, so it is not easy to describe
them. A portfolio is not the pile of student work that accumulates over a semester or year.
Rather, a portfolio contains a purposefully selected subset of student work. Evaluation is
essentially questioning, observing and promoting educational experiences that mean
intellectual provocation of the students development. It is understood that the evaluation
of learning is a teaching resource useful and necessary to help educators and students in
the search of and in the process of constructing themselves and devising the best way of
being in life. The act of evaluation aims to support the permanent inclusion of students in
the educational process. The evaluation does not exclude based on a predetermined
pattern, but it diagnoses to include, in the search for a more satisfactory, fuller, and
qualitatively healthier result.
Education programs and curriculums for basic subjects will be developed after the
education system concept, which will clarify distribution of subject information
volume. We need to do everything possible to involve the best specialists in the groups,
that set subject criteria. The main problem of indonesian education system is alteration of
school curriculum, reconsideration of the books and curriculums, incorporation of new
teaching methods. It is very important to provide schools with a circle of academic
freedoms. In addition to mandatory subjects, schools should have the freedom to form
of the education program themselves.