QUESTIONS

y
1. If f : R R be defined by f ( x) = ( 3 - x 3 ) 1/ 3 , then find fof ( x).
1

2. 3x - 4
If f is an invertible function, defined as f ( x) = , write f -1 ( x).
5 1

3. p 1
Write the value of sin sin 1
3 2 1

y
4. If f : R R be defined by f ( x) = ( 3 - x 3 ) 1/ 3 , then find fof ( x).
1

5. 4p
Find the value of sin -1 .
5 1

y q , , g
6. 3
What is the principal value of cos -1 - ?
2 1

7. Solve the following for x :

x2 - 1 2x 2p
cos -1 + tan -1
= . 4
2
x + 1 x2 - 1 3

OR
8. x - 1 x + 1 p
If tan -1 + tan -1 = , find the value of x.
x - 2 x + 2 4
4
Show that the relation S in the set R of real numbers, defined as S = {( a, b) : a, b R and a b 3 }
is neither reflexive, nor symmetric nor transitive.

9. Find the probability of throwing at most 2 sixes in 6 throws of a single die.

4

10. Let * be a binary operation on Q defined by

3ab
a *b = 4
5
Show that * is commutative as well as associative. Also find its identity element, if it exists.
11. On a multiple choice examination with three possible answers (out of which only one is
correct) for each of the five questions, what is the probability that a candidate would get four
4
or more correct answers just by guessing?
1 1+ 1+ +

12. p
Prove that: sin - 1 + sin - 1 + sin - 1 =
4 5 16
5 13 65 2 4

13. 3ax + b , if x > 1

If the function f ( x) given by f ( x) = 11, if x = 1
5ax 2b , if x < 1 4

is continuous at x = 1, find the values of a and b.

14. Prove the following:

tan -1 + tan -1 = cos -1 .
1 2 1 3 4
4 9 2 5

15. A factory has two machines A and B. Past record shows that machine A produced 60% of the
items of output and machine B produced 40% of the items. Futher, 2% of the items produced
by machine A and 1% produced by machine B were defective. All the items are put into one 6
stockpile and then one item is chosen at random from this and is found to be defective. What
is the probability that it was produced by machine B?

16. There are three coins. One is a two headed coin (having head on both faces), another is a
biased coin that comes up tail 25% of the times and the third is an unbiased coin. One of the
three coins is chosen at random and tossed, it shows heads, what is the probability that it was 6
the two headed coin?
ANSWERS
1. If f : R R be defined by
f ( x) = ( 3 - x 3 ) 1/ 3
then ( fof ) x = f ( f ( x)) 1
3 1/ 3
= f [( 3 - x ) ]
3 1/ 3 3 1/ 3
= [ 3 - {( 3 - x ) } ] = [ 3 - ( 3 - x 3 )] 1/ 3 = ( x 3 ) 1/ 3 = x

2. 3x - 4
We are given f ( x) = which is invertible
5
3x - 4
Let y=
5
1
5y + 4
5y = 3x - 4 x=
3
-1 5y + 3 -1 5x + 4
\ f ( y) = and f ( x) =
3 3

3. sin -1 -
1
=q
1 p p
Let
2 Q - 2 [-1, 1] q - 2 , 2
p
sin q = sin -
1
sin q = -
2 6
p p p p
sin -1 - = -
1
q=- - ,
6 2 2 2 6 1
p 1 p p
Now, sin - sin -1 - = sin - -
3 2 3 6
p p 2p + p
= sin + = sin
3 6 6
3p p
= sin = sin = 1
6 2

4. If f : R R be defined by
f ( x) = ( 3 - x 3 ) 1/ 3
then ( fof ) x = f ( f ( x)) 1
3 1/ 3
= f [( 3 - x ) ]
3 1/ 3 3 1/ 3
= [ 3 - {( 3 - x ) } ] = [ 3 - ( 3 - x 3 )] 1/ 3 = ( x 3 ) 1/ 3 = x
5. 4p p
We are given sin -1 sin
= sin -1 sin p -
5 5
1
p p
= sin -1 sin =
5 5

6. 3
Let x = cos -1 -
2
3
cos x = -
2
p 5p
cos x = cos p - = cos [as cos p / 6 = 3 / 2] 1
6 6
5p
x=
6
3 5p
The principal value of cos -1 - is .
2 6
7. x2 - 1 2x 2p
Given cos -1 + tan -1
=
2
x + 1 x2 - 1 3
-(1 - x 2 )
cos -1 + tan -1 - 2x = 2p
1 + x2 1 - x2 3

1 - x 2 2x 2p
p - cos -1 - tan -1 =
2 1 - x 2
1 + x 3

[Using cos -1 ( - A) = p - cos -1 A and tan -1 ( - A) = - tan -1 A]

2p
p - 2 tan -1 x - 2 tan -1 x =
3 4
2p -1
p- = 4 tan x
3
p p p p
= tan -1 x x = tan = tan -
12 12 4 6
p p 1-
1
tan- tan
\ x= 4 6 = 3
p p 1
1 + tan tan 1+
4 6 3
3 -1 ( 3 - 1)( 3 - 1)
x= x=
3 +1 ( 3 + 1)( 3 - 1)
3+1- 2 3
x= =2- 3
2
8. x - 1 x + 1 p
tan -1 + tan -1 =
x - 2 x + 2 4
Consider above equation
x+y
We know tan -1 x + tan -1 y = tan -1
1 - xy
x-1 x+1
+
-1 x-2 x+2 p
tan =
1 - x - 1 x + 1 4 4
x - 2 x + 2

x2 + x - 2 + x2 - x - 2 p
= tan
2 2
x - 4- x +1 4

2x 2 - 4
= 1 2x 2 - 4 = - 3
-3
1
2x 2 = 1 or x=
2
1 1
i.e., x= ,-
2 2
9. The repeated throws of a die are Bernoulli trials.
Let X denotes the number of sixes in 6 throws of die.
Obviously, X has the binomial distribution with n = 6
1 1 5
and p= , q=1- =
6 6 6
where p is probability of getting a six
and q is probability of not getting a six
Now, Probability of getting at most 2 sixes in 6 throws = P (X = 0) + P (X = 1) + P (X = 2)
= 6 C 0 . p 0 . q 6 + 6 C 1 p 1 q5 + 6 C 2 p 2 q 4
4
5 6 6 ! 1 5 5 6 ! 1 2 4
= + .
5
. . + .
6 1 !5 ! 6 6 2 ! 4 ! 6 6

5 6 1 5 5 6 5 1 2 5 4
= + 6 . + .
6 6 6 2 6 6

5 4
= 25 + 5 + 5
6 36 6 12

5 4 25 + 30 + 15 5 4 70
= =
6 36 6 36
21875
=
23328
10. . For commutativity, condition that should be fulfilled is
a *b = b * a
3ab 3ba
Consider a * b = = =b *a
5 5
\ a *b = b * a
Hence, * is commutative.
For associativity, condition is ( a * b) * c = a * (b * c)
3 ab 9abc 3 3 3
Consider ( a * b) * c = *c= = a bc = a(b * c) = a * (b * c) 4
5 25 5 5 5
Hence, ( a * b) * c = a * (b * c)
\ * is associative.
Let e Q be the identity element,
Then a*e = e *a= a
3ae 3ea 5
= =a e=
5 5 3

11. 1
Let p = probability of correct answer =
3
2
q = probability of incorrect answer =
3
Here total number of questions = 5
P(4 or more correct) = P(4 correct) + P(5 correct)
= 5 C 4 p 4 q 1 + 5 C 5 p5 q 0 using P(r success) = n Cr pr qn-r
4

4 5
= 5 2 + 1 1
1

3 3 3
1 2 1
=5 +
81 3 243
11
=
243
12. We know
sin -1 x + sin -1 y = sin -1 ( x 1 - y 2 + y 1 - x 2 )

sin -1 + sin -1 + sin -1

4 5 16
\
5 13 65
4 25 5 16 -1 16
= sin -1 1- + 1- + sin
5 169 13 25 65

= sin -1 + sin -1
4 12 5 3 16
+
5 13 13 5 65

= sin -1 + sin -1
63 16
... (i)
65 65
63 4
Let sin -1 =q
65
63 63 2
= sin q = sin 2 q
65 2
65
63 2
65 - 63 2
2 ( 65 + 63)( 65 - 63)
cos 2 q = 1 - = =
65 2 65 2 65 2
256 16
cos 2 q = \ cos q =
2 65
65
\ Equation (i) becomes
sin -1 + sin -1 = cos -1 + sin -1
63 16 63 16
65 65 65 65
p Q sin -1 A + cos -1 A = p
=
2 2
13. Q f ( x) is continuous at x = 1.
(L.H.L. of f ( x) at x = 1) = (R.H.L. of f ( x) at x = 1) = f (1)
lim f ( x) = lim f ( x) = f (1) (i)
x 1- x 1+

Now, lim f ( x) = lim 5ax - 2b [Q f ( x) = 5ax - 2 f if x < 1]

x 1- x1

= 5a - 2b
lim f (1) = lim 3ax + b [Q f ( x) = 3ax + b if x > 1] 4
x 1+ x1

= 3a + b
Also, f(1) = 11
Putting these values in (i) we get
5a - 2b = 3a + b = 11
5a - 2b = 11 (ii)
3a + b = 11 (iii)
On solving (ii) and (iii), we get
a = 3, b = 2
 + tan -1
14. 1 2
LHS of given equation = tan -1
4 9
1+2

= tan -1 4 9
1 - 1 . 2
4 9
17

= tan -1 36
34
36 4

= tan -1 = 2 tan -1
1 1 1

2 2 2
1 - 1
1 1 - A2
= cos -1 4 Using 2 tan -1 A = cos -1
2 1 + 1 1 + A2
4
cos -1 = R.H.S.
1 3
=
2 5
 p p p
15. . Let E1 , E 2 and A be event such that
E1 = Production of items by machine A
E 2 = Production of items by machine B
A = Selection of defective items.
60 3 40 2
P( E1 ) = = , P (E 2 ) = =
100 5 100 5
A 2 1 A 1
P = = , P =
1
E 100 50 E 2 100
E
P 2 is required
A
By Baye's theorem 6
A
P( E 2 ) . P
E2 E2
P =
A A A
P( E1 ) . P + P (E 2 ) . P
E1 E2
2 1

E2 5 100
P =
A 3 1 + 2 1
5 50 5 100
2
500 2 500 1
= = =
3 2 500 6 + 2 4
+
250 500
16. The three coins C 1 , C 2 and C 3 are choosen randomly.
1
\ P(C 1 ) = P(C 2 ) = P(C 3 ) =
3
Let E be the event that coin shows head.
Then , P(E/C 1 ) = 1
75 3 1
P(E/C 2 ) = = P(E/C 3 ) =
100 4 2
To find: P(C 1 /E)
From Bayes theorem, we have
6
P(C 1 ). P(E / C 1 )
P(C 1 /E) =
P(C 1 ). P(E / C 1 ) + P(C 2 ) P(E / C 2 ) + P(C 3 ). P(E / C 3 )
1 1
1
= 3 = 3
1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1
1+ + 1 + +
3 3 4 3 2 3 4 2
1 4 4
= = =
3 1 4+ 3+2 9
1+ +
4 2
4
Thus, probability of getting head from the two headed coin is .
9