Giao Trinh PLC Siemen s7 300

BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO
TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP.HCM

KHOA C KH CHE TAO MAY BO MON C IEN T
GIAO TRNH PLC S7-300

LY THUYET VA NG DUNG
(DANH CHO SINH VIEN NGANH C IEN T T ONG HOA )
BIEN SOAN:
ThS. NGUYEN XUAN QUANG
TP.HCM, THANG 12 NAM 2006

Truong DH SPKT TP. HCM http://www.hcmute.edu.vn
MUC LUC
Chng 1 Trang 1
1.1 Gii thieu PLCS7-300 1
1.1.1 Thiet b ieu khien kha trnh 1
1.1.2 Cac module cua PLCS7-300 2
1.2 To chc bo nh CPU 8
1.3 Vong quet chng trnh PLC 10
1.4 Cau truc chng trnh. 11
1.4.1 Lap trnh tuye n tnh 12
1.4.2 Lap trnh cau truc 12
1.4.3 Cac khoi OB ac biet 13
1.5 Ngon ng lap trnh 14
Chng 2 Ngon ng lap trnh STL M 16

TP . HC
2.1 Cau truc lenh uat 16
K y th
2.1.1 Toan hang la d lieu am 16
H S u ph
2.1.2 Toan hang la a ch D 18
T r uong
2.1.3 Thanh ghi trang thai en 20
uy
2.2 Cac lenh c ban Ban q 22
2.2.1 Nhom lenh logic 22
2.2.2 Lenh oc thanh ghi trong ACCU 28
Chng 3 Ngon ng Graph va n g dung 32

3.1 Tao mot khoi FB di dang ngon ng Graph 32
3.1.1 Tao mot khoi FB Graph 32
3.1.2 Viet chng trnh theo kieu tuan t 32
3.2 Viet chng trnh cho ACTION cho cac step 36
3.3 Viet chng trnh cho TRANSITION 37
3.4 Lu va ong chng trnh lai 39
3.5 Goi chng trnh t trong kho i FB1 vao khoi OB1 40
3.6 Download chng trnh xuong CPU va kiem tra tuan t chng trnh 40
3.6.1 Download chng trnh xuon g CPU 40
3.6.2 kiem tra tuan t chng trnh 41
Chng 4 Phan mem Step 7 42
4.1 S lc ve phan mem Step 7 42
4.1.1 Cai at step 7 42
4.1.2 Cac cong viec khi lam viec vi phan mem Step 7 43
4.1.3 Seat giao dien PG/PC 43
Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

4.2 cach tao mot chng trnh ng dung vi Step 7 44

4.2.1 Cac bc soan thao mot Project 44
4.2.2 Thiet lap phan cng cho tram 46
4.2.3 Soan thao chng trnh cho cac khoi logic 51
Chng 5 Bo hieu chnh PID, cac ham x ly tn hieu tng t
va ng dung 54
5.1 Gii thie u 45
5.2 Modun mem FB58 55
5.2.1 Gii thie u 55
5.2.2 Cac thong so cua FB58 66
5.3 Ham FC105,FC106 71
5.3.1 Ham FC105 nh t le ngo vao Analog 71
5.3.2 Ham FC106 khong nh t le ngo ra Analog 72
5.4 V du ng dung ie u khie n mc nc trong bon M 73
TP . HC
5.4.1 Nguyen ly hoat o ng uat 73
K y th
pham
5.4.2 S o khoi cua he thong t ong 75
5.4.3 Khai bao cac thong so phan cng g DH Su 76
T ruon
qu yen
B an

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Nguye n Hon g Sn. Ky Thua t Truye n So Lieu- Nha Xua t Ban Lao ong Va Xa
Hoi.
2. Phan Xuan Minh & Nguye n Doan Ph c, 1997 : Ly Thuye t ieu Khien M
Nha Xuat Ba n Khoa Ho c Va Ky Thuat.
3. Nguye n Doan Ph c, Phan Xuan Vu , Vu Van Hoa, 2000. T o ng Hoa vi
SIMATIC S7-300 Nha Xuat Ban Khoa Ho c Va Ky Thuat
4. SIMATIC S7-300 ie u Khien He Thong (Systemhandling ), 2000. a i Ho c S
Pham Ky Thua t. Trung Tam Vie t c . Bo Mon ien ien T.
M
TP . HC
5. Hang Siemens, SIMATICs Manual. uat
K y th
am
6. http://wwww.ad.Siemens.de/ H Su ph
D
T r uong
n
a n quye
B

CHNG 1: GII THIEU

1.1 Gii thieu PLC S7-300
1.1.1 Thie t b ieu khie n logic kha trnh.
Thiet b ie u khien logic kha trnh (Programmable Logic Controller) la
loai thiet b th c hien linh hoat cac thuat toan ieu khien so thong qua mot
ngon ng lap trnh, thay v phai th c hien thua t toan o bang ma ch so. Nh
vay, PLC la mot bo ieu khien gon, nhe va de trao oi thong tin vi moi tr ng
ben ngoai (vi ca c PLC khac hoac may tnh). Toan bo chng trnh ieu khien
c lu tr trong bo nh cua PLC di dang cac kho i chng trnh va c
th c hien theo chu ky cu a vong quet (scan).
M
P. HC
CPU uat T
y th
Bo nh chng trnh
K
u pham
n g DH S
Bo x ly ruo
Ttrung tam Timer
qu yen +
Ban
Bo em He ieu hanh
Bo em
vao/ra
Bit c
Cong vao/ra Bus cu a PLC

onboard
Quan ly ket noi

Cong ngat va
em toc o cao
Hnh1.1. Cau truc be n trong cua mot PLC
e th c hien c mot chng trnh ieu khien, tat nhien PLC phai co
tnh nan g nh mo t may tnh, ngha la phai co mot bo vi x ly (CPU), mot he
ieu hanh, bo nh e lu chng trnh ieu khien, d lieu va tat nhien phai co
ca c cong va o/ra e giao tie p c vi o i tng ieu khie n va e trao oi
Trang 1

thong tin vi moi tr ng xung quanh. Ben canh o nham phuc bai toan ieu
khien so, PLC co n phai co them mot so khoi ch c nang a c biet khac nh bo
em (Counter), bo nh th i (Timer) va nhng khoi ham chuye n dung.
u iem cua bo ieu khie n lap trnh c so v i ieu khie n noi day :
Tnh nang m rong: kha na ng m ron g x ly ba ng cach thay oi chng
trnh lap trnh mot cach de dang.
o tin cay cao.
Ca ch ke t noi ca c thie t b ieu khien n gian.
Hnh dang PLC gon nhe.
Gia thanh va chi ph la p at tha p.
Phu hp vi mo i trng cong nghie p.
P. H CM
at T
Cac ng du ng cua PLC trong sa n xuat va trong dan du ng:
ythu
ieu khie n cac Robot trong co ng nghiep. ph am K
H Su
He thong x ly nc sach. ruo ng D
T
qu yen
Bam
Cong nghe th c pha n.
Cong nghe che bien dau mo.
Cong nghe san xuat vi mach.
ieu khie n cac may cong cu.
ieu khie n va giam sat day chuye n san xuat.
ieu khie n he thong en giao tho ng.

1.1.2 Ca c module cua PLC S7-300.
e tang tnh mem de o trong ca c ng dung th c te ma o phan l n ca c
oi t ng ieu khien co so tn hieu au vao, au ra cung nh chung loai tn
hieu vao/ra kha c nhau ma ca c bo ie u khie n PLC c thiet ke khon g b c ng
hoa ve cau hnh. Chung c chia nho thanh ca c module. So ca c module c
s dung nhieu hay t tuy thuo c vao tng bai toan, song toi thieu bao gi cung co
module chnh (module CPU, module nguon). Cac module con lai la nh ng
module truyen nha n tn hieu vi cac oi tng ieu khie n, chu ng c goi la
ca c module m rong. Tat ca cac module e u c ga tren mot thanh Rack.
Module CPU:
Trang 2

ay la loa i module co cha bo vi x ly, he ieu hanh, bo nh, ca c bo thi

gian, bo em, co ng truye n thong, va co the co cac co ng va o/ra so. Cac co ng
vao /ra tch h p tren CPU goi la cong vao ra onboard.
Trong ho PLC S7-300, ca c module CPU co nhieu loai va c at ten theo
bo vi x ly ben trong nh : CPU 312, CPU 314, CPU 316,. Nh ng module
cung mot bo vi x ly nhng kha c nhau so con g vao/ra onboard cu ng nh ca c
khoi ham ac biet th c phan bie t bang cum ch cai IFM (Intergrated
Function Module). V du nh CPU 312IFM, CPU 314IFM,.
Ngoai ra, con co loai module CPU co hai cong truyen thon g, trong o
cong th hai dun g e noi man g phan tan nh ma ng PROFIBUS (PROcess Field
BUS). Loai nay i kem vi cum t DP (Distributed Port) trong te n goi. V du
module CPU315-DP.
Module m ro ng: M
P. HC
uat T
Ca c module m rong c thanh 5 loai :
K y th
pham
u ta o ra nguon co ien ap 24Vdc
DH S
1) PS (Power Supply): module nguon la module
uo n g
Tcr. Co 3 loai: 2A, 5A va 10A.
ca p nguon cho cac module kha
n
a n quye
B
Hnh1.2. S o khoi va s o a u day cua module nguo n

PS307;2A (6ES7307-1BA00-0AB)
1 en ch th nguon 24Vdc 5 ON/OFF Switch 24Vdc

2 omino no i day ngo ra ien ap 24Vdc
3 Cau ch bao ve qua do ng
4 omino no i day v i ien ap 220Vac
Trang 3

2) SM (Signal Module): Module m ron g vao/ra, bao gom :

a) DI (Digital Input): module m ro ng con g vao so. So ca c con g vao so m
rong co the la 8, 16 hoac 32 tuy thuo c va o tng loai module.
M
P. HC
th uat T
y
Hnh 1.3. S o au day cua module
p am K1.4. S o au day cu a module
Hnh
h
u
SM221; DI 32 x DC 24V
n g DH S SM221; DI 32 x AC 120V
T r u o
(6ES7321-1BL00-0AA0) en
quy
(6ES7321-1EL00-0AA0)
Ban
1 So th t cac ngo va o so trong module
2 en ch th mc logic
3 Bus ben trong cu a module
b) DO (Digital Output): module m rong cong ra so. So ca c con g vao so m
rong co the la 8, 16 hoac 32 tuy thuo c va o tng loai module.
Hnh 1.5.S o a u day cu a module Hnh 1.6. S o au day cu a module

SM 322; DO 32 x 24 VDC/ 0.5 A; SM 322; DO 16 x AC 120/230 V/1 A;
(6ES7322-1BL00-0AA0) (6ES7322-1FH00-0AA0)
Trang 4

Hnh 1.7. S o a u day cu a module Hnh 1.8. S o au day cu a module

SM 322; DO 16 x Rel. AC 120/230 V; SM 322; DO 8 x Rel. AC 230V/5A;
M
(6ES7322-1HH01-0AA0) TP . HC
(6ES7322-5HF00-0AB0)
at
hu
yt
h am K
Su p
1 So th t cac ngo va o so trong g DH
onmodule
ru
nT
2 quye
en ch th mcanlogic
B
3 Bus ben trong cu a module
c) DI/DO (Digital Input/Digital Output): module m rong con g va o/ra so.
So ca c cong va o/ra so m ron g co the la 8 vao/8 ra hoac 16 va o/16 ra
tuy thuoc vao tn g loa i module.
1 So th t cac ngo vao so trong

module
2 en ch th m c logic
3 Bus ben trong cua module
Hnh 1.9. S o a u day cu a module

SM 323; DI 16/DO 16 x DC 24 V/0.5 A;
(6ES7323-1BL00-0AA0)
Trang 5

d) AI (Analog Input): module m rong cong vao tng t. Ban cha t chu ng
la nhng bo chuyen oi tng t sang so (ADC). So ca c cong vao tng
t co the la 2, 4 hoa c 8 tuy t ng loai module, so bit co the la
8,10,12,14,16 tuy theo tng loai module.
V du : Module SM 331; AI 2 x 12 bit; (6ES7331-7KB02-0AB0)
Cac dang tn hieu o c c
- ien a p
- Do ng ie n
- ien tr
- Nhiet o
o phan giai 12 bit
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
Ban
Hnh 1.10. S o au day cu a module Hnh 1.11. S o au day cu a module

Khi tn hie u vao la ie n ap Khi tn hieu vao la ong ien
Hnh 1.12. S o au day cu a module Hnh 1.13. S o au day cua module

Khi tn hie u vao la ie n tr Khi tn hie u vao la Thermocouple
Trang 6

e) AO (Analog Output): module m rong cong ra tng t. Chung la nh ng

bo chuyen o i t so sang tng t (DAC). So co ng ra tng t co the la 2
hoac 4 tuy tn g loai module.
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
uo u day cu a module
Tra
Hnh 1.14. S o
y en
qu 332; AO 4 x 12 Bit;
SM
Ban
(6ES7332-5HD01-0AB0)
f) AI/AO (Analog Input/Analog Output): module m ro ng vao /ra tng t.

So ca c co ng vao ra tng t co the la 4 vao/2 ra hoa c 4 vao /4 ra tuy t ng
loai module.
3) IM (Interface Module): Module ke t noi.
Hnh 1.15. S o au day cu a module

IM 365; (6ES7365-0BA01-0AA0)
Trang 7

ay la loai module dung e ket noi tn g nhom cac module m ron g than h mot
khoi va c quan ly b i mot module CPU. Thong thung cac module m ro ng
c ga lien nhau tren mot thanh rack. Moi thanh rack ch co the ga c nhieu
nhat 8 module m rong (khong ke module CPU va module nguon). Mot module
CPU co the lam vie c nhieu nha t vi 4 thanh rack va cac rack nay phai c noi
vi nhau ba ng module IM.
4) FM (Function Module): Module co chc nan g ieu khien rieng nh: module
ieu khien on g c b c, module ieu kien ong c servo, module PID,
5) CP (Communication Processor): Module truyen trong gi a PLC vi PLC hay
gi a PLC vi PC.
1.2 To chc bo nh CPU.
Vung nh chc ca c thanh ghi: ACCU1, ACCU2, AR1, AR2,
HC M
Load memory: la vung nh cha chng trnh ng tdu
u a TPn.g (do ng i s
h ng OB, FC, FB, ca c
dung vie t ) bao gom tat ca cac khoi chng trnhmKnyg tdu
h a
khoi chng trnh trong th vien he thon gD
H Sucps dun g (SFC, SFB) va cac khoi
g
ruoonbi mot phan bo nh RAM cua CPU va
d lieu DB. Vun g nh nay cTta
n
quye Khi th c hien ong ta c xoa bo nh (MRES) toan
Ban
EEPROM (neu co EEPROM).
bo cac khoi chng trnh va kho i d lieu nam trong RAM se b xoa. Cung nh
vay, khi chng trnh hay khoi d lieu c o (down load) t thie t b lap trnh
(PG, may tnh) vao module CPU, chung se c ghi le n pha n RAM cua vu ng
nh Load memory.
Work memory: la vung nh ch a cac khoi DB ang c m, khoi
chng trnh (OB, FC, FB, SFC, hoac SFB) ang c CPU th c hien va phan
bo nh cap phat cho nhng tham so hnh thc e cac khoi chng trnh nay trao
oi tham tr vi he ie u hanh va vi cac kho i chng trnh khac (local block).
Tai mot th i iem nhat nh vung Work memory ch cha mot kho i chng
trnh. Sau khi khoi chng trnh o c thc hien xong th he ie u hanh se xoa
khoi Work memory va nap vao o khoi chng trnh ke tie p en lt c th c
hien.
System memory: la vung nh ch a cac bo em vao /ra so (Q, I), cac bien
c (M), thanh ghi C-Word, PV, T-bit cua timer, thanh ghi C-Word, PV, C-bit
cu a Couter. Vie c truy cap, sa loi d lieu nhn g o nh nay c phan chia
hoac bi he ieu hanh cu a CPU hoa c do chng trnh n g dung.
Co the thay ran g trong cac vun g nh c trnh bay tre n khong co vu ng
nh nao c du ng lam bo em cho ca c co ng vao/ra tng t. Noi ca ch kha c
Trang 8

ca c cong vao/ra tng t khong co bo em va nh vay moi lenh truy nhap

module tng t (o c hoa c gi gia tr) eu co tac dung tr c tiep t i ca c co ng
vat ly cu a module.
Bang1.1. vung a ch va tam a ch
Ten goi Kch thc truy cap Kch thc toi a (tuy
thuo c vao CPU)
Process input image (I) I 0.0 127.7

Bo em vao so IB 0 127
IW 0 126
ID 0 124
M
P. HC
uat T
th
Process output image (Q) Q a m Ky0.0 127.7
u ph
Bo em ra so QB n g DH S 0 127
T ruo
qu yen
Ban QW 0 126
ID 0 124
Bit memory (M) M 0.0 255.7

Vung nh c MB 0 255
MW 0 254
MD 0 252
Timer (T) T0 T255
Counter (C) C0 C255
Data block (DB) DBX 0.0 65535.7

Khoi d lie u share DBB 0 65535
DBW 0 65534
DBD 0 65532
Data block (DI) DIX 0.0 65535.7
Trang 9

Khoi d lie u instance DIB 0 65535

DIW 0 65534
DID 0 65532
Local block (L) L 0.0 65535.7

Mien nh a phng LB 0 65535
cho cac tham so hnh LW 0 65534
th c
LD 0 65532
Peripheral input (PI) PIB 0 65535

PIW 0 65534
PID 0 65532 M
P. HC
uat T
Peripheral output (PQ) PQB K y0 th 65535
u pham
PQW
n g DH S 0 65534
Truo
qu yen
PQD 0 65532
Ban
Tr phan bo nh EEPROM thuoc vung Load memory va mot phan RAM
t nuoi ac biet (non-volatile) dung e lu gi tham so cau hnh tram PLC nh
a ch tram (MPI address), ten ca c module m ron g, tat ca cac phan bo nh
con la i che o mac nh khong co kha nang t nh (non-retentive). Khi mat
nguon nuoi hoa c khi th c hie n con g vie c xoa bo nh (MRES), toan bo noi dung
cu a pha n bo nh non-retentive se b ma t.
1.3 Vo ng que t chng trnh cua PLC.
PLC th c hien chng trnh theo chu trnh lap. Moi vong lap c goi la
vong que t (scan). Moi vo ng quet c bat au ba ng giai oan chuyen d lieu
t cac cong vao so ti vun g bo em ao I, tiep theo la giai th c hien chng
trnh. Trong tng vong que t, chng trnh c thc hien t len h au tien en
lenh ket thu c cua kho i OB1 (Block end). Sau giai oan th c hien chng trnh
la giai oan chuyen cac noi dung cu a bo em a o Q t i ca c cong ra so. Vong
quet c ke t thuc bang giai oa n truyen thong no i bo va kiem tra loi.
Thi gian can thiet e PLC th c hie n c mot vo ng quet go i la thi gian
vong que t (Scan time). Thi gian vo ng que t khong co nh, tc la kho ng phai
vong quet nao cu ng c th c hien lau, co vong quet c thc hien nhanh tuy
Trang 10

thuo c vao so lenh trong chng trnh c thc hie n, vao khoi d lieu c
truyen thong trong von g quet o.
Hnh 1.16. Vong que t CPU
Nh vay gi a vie c o c d lieu t oi tng e x ly, tnh toa n vaCM

vie c g i tn
T P .H
hieu ieu khien ti o i tng co mot khoan g th i gian tre t ng bang th i gian
uau
K y th
am t nh tnh thi gian th c
vong quet. Noi cach kha c, thi gian vong quepthquye
H S u
DThi gian von g quet can g ngan, tnh
uong
cu a chng trnh ieu khien trong PLC.
T r
thi gian thc cua chng trnh
quyen cang cao.
Ban
Neu s dun g cac khoi chng trnh ac biet co che o ngat, v du nh khoi
OB40, OB80, Chng trnh cu a cac khoi o se c th c hien trong vong quet
khi xuat hien tn hieu bao ngat cung chu ng loai. Ca c khoi chng trnh nay co
the c thc hien tai moi iem trong von g quet ch khong b go e p la phai
trong giai oan th c hien chng trnh. Chang han neu mot tn hieu bao ngat
xuat hien khi PLC ang giai oan truyen thong va kiem tra noi bo, PLC se
tam dng co ng viec truyen thon g, kiem tra, e thc hien khoi chng trnh
tng ng vi khoi tn hieu bao ngat o. Vi hnh th c x ly tn hieu ngat nh
vay, thi gian von g que t se cang ln khi ca ng co nhieu tn hieu ngat xuat hien
trong vong que t. Do o, e na ng cao tnh thi gian th c cho chng trnh ieu
khien tuyet oi kho ng nen viet chng trnh x ly nga t qua da i hoa c qua lam
dung vie c s du ng che o ngat trong chng trnh ieu khien.
Tai thi iem th c hien lenh vao /ra, thong thng lenh khong lam vie c
trc tiep vi con g vao/ra ma ch thon g qua bo em ao cu a cong trong vung nh
tham so. Viec truyen thong gia bo em ao vi ngoai vi trong ca c giai oan 1
va 3 do he ieu han h CPU quan ly. mot so module CPU, khi gap le nh vao/ra
ngay lap t c, he thong se cho dng moi cong vie c kha c, ngay ca chng trnh
x ly nga t, e th c hien le nh tr c tiep v i cong vao /ra.
Trang 11

1.4. Ca u tru c chng trnh.

Chng trnh cho S7-300 c lu trong bo nh cu a PLC vu ng da nh
rieng cho chng trnh. Ta co the c lap trnh v i hai dang cau truc kha c
nhau:
1.4.1. Lap trnh tuyen tnh
Toan bo chng trnh ieu khien nam trong mot khoi trong bo nh. Loai
lap trnh cau tru c ch thch hp cho nhn g bai toa n t ong nho, khong phc
tap.
Lenh 1
OB1 Lenh 2

M
P. HC
Lenh n uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
uo
en TrVong que t PLC
Hinh 1.17.
qu y
Ban
Khoi c cho n la khoi OB1, la khoi ma PLC luo n luon que t va thc hien ca c
lenh trong no th ng xuyen, t lenh au tien en lenh cuoi cun g va quay lai
lenh au tie n:
1.4.2 La p trnh cau truc
Chng trnh c chia thanh nhng phan nho v i tng nhiem vu rieng
biet va cac phan nay nam trong nhng khoi chng trnh khac nhau. Loai lap
trnh co cau truc phu hp vi nhng bai toan ieu khie n nhie u nhiem vu va
phc tap. Cac khoi c ban :
Khoi OB (Organization Block): kho i to chc va quan ly chng trnh ieu
khien. Co nhie u loai kho i OB vi nhng chc nang khac nhau. Chung c
phan biet v i nhau bang so nguyen theo sau nhom ky t OB, v du nh OB1,
OB35, OB80
Khoi FC (Program Block): khoi chng trnh vi nh ng chc nang rieng biet
giong nh mot chng trnh con hay mot ham (chng trnh co co bien hnh
th c). Mot chng trnh n g du ng co the co nhieu khoi FC va cac khoi FC
nay c phan biet vi nhau bang so nguyen theo sau nhom ky t FC,
chang han nh FC1, FC2,
Trang 12

Khoi FB (Function Block): la khoi FC at bie t co kha nang trao o i mot

lng d lieu l n vi cac khoi chng trnh khac. Ca c d lieu nay phai c
to ch c thanh khoi d lieu rieng c goi la Data Block. Mot chng trnh
ng dung co the co nhieu kho i FB va cac khoi FB nay c phan biet vi
nhau bang so nguye n theo sau nhom ky t FB. Chang han nh FB1, FB2,
Khoi DB (Data Block): kho i d lieu ca n thie t e th c hie n chng trnh. Ca c
tham so cu a kho i do ng i s dun g t a t. Mot chng trnh ng dung co the
co nhie u khoi DB va cac kho i DB nay c phan bie t v i nhau bang so
nguye n theo sau nhom ky t DB. Chang han nh DB1, DB2,
Chng trnh trong cac khoi c lien ket v i nhau bang cac le nh goi khoi
va chuyen khoi. Cac chng trnh con c phe p goi lon g nhau, tc t mot
chng trnh con nay goi mot chng trnh con khac va t chng trnh con
c goi lai goi mot chng trnh con th 3.
M
P. HC
h uat T
Ky t. . .
FC7
h a m
DH Su p
FB2
ng
...
FC1
T ruo
yen
...
qu
He B an FB9
...
ieu OB1 ...

FC3
Han h FB5
Hnh 1.18. Lap trnh co cau tru c
1.4.3 Ca c khoi OB a c biet .

1) OB10 (Tinme of Day Interrupt ): Chng trnh trong kho i OB10 se c th c
hien khi gia tr th i gian cu a ong ho thi gian th c nam trong mot khoang
thi gian a c quy nh. Vie c quy nh khoang thi gian hay so lan goi
OB10 c th c hie n nh chng trnh he tho ng SFC28 hay trong bang
tham so cu a module CPU nh phan mem STEP 7.
2) OB20 (Time Relay Interrupt): Chng trnh trong khoi OB20 se c th c
hien sau mot khoang th i gian tre at tr c ke t khi go i chng trnh he
thong SFC32 e at th i gian tre.
3) OB35 (Cyclic Interrupt): Chng trnh trong khoi OB35 se c thc hien
ca ch eu nhau mot khoang thi gian co nh. Ma c nh, khoang thi gian
nay la 100ms, nhng ta co the thay oi nh STEP 7.
Trang 13

4) OB40 (Hardware Interrupt): Chng trnh trong kho i OB40 se c th c

hien khi xuat hien mot tn hieu bao ngat t ngoai vi a va o CPU tho ng qua
ca c co ng onboard a c biet, hoac thong qua ca c module SM, CP, FM.
5) OB80 (Cycle Time Fault ): Chng trnh trong khoi OB80 se c thc hien
khi th i gian vong quet (scan time) vt qua khoang th i gian c c ai a qui
nh hoa c khi co mot tn hie u ngat goi mot khoi OB na o o ma khoi OB nay
cha ket thuc lan goi trc. Th i gian quet mac nh la 150ms.
6) OB81 (Power Supply Fault): Chng trnh trong kho i OB81 se c th c
hien khi thay co xuat hie n loi ve bo nguon nuo i.
7) OB82 (Diagnostic Interrupt): Chng trnh trong kho i OB82 se c th c
hien co s co t ca c module m rong vao/ra. Cac module nay phai la ca c
module co kha nang t kiem tra mnh (diagnostic cabilities).
8) OB87 (Communication Fault): Chng trnh trong khoi OB87 seM c th c
. HC
TP
huat
Ky t
hien co xuat hien lo i trong truyen thong.
am
h
9) OB100 (Start Up Information): ChngHtrnh
D Su p trong khoi OB100 se c th c
onng g thai STOP sang RUN.
hien mot lan khi CPU chuyen Ttrutra
n
a n quye
10) OB101 (Cold StartBUp Information-ch vi S7-400): Chng trnh trong khoi
OB101 se c thc hien mot lan khi co ng tat nguon chuyen t tran g thai
OFF sang ON.
11) OB121 (Synchronous Error): Chng trnh trong khoi OB121 se c th c
hien khi CPU phat hien thay loi logic trong chng trnh oi sai kie u d lieu
hay lo i truy nhap kho i DB, FC, FB khong co trong bo nh.
12) OB122 (Synchronous Error): Chng trnh trong khoi OB122 se c th c
hien khi co loi truy nhap module trong chng trnh.
1.5 Ngo n ng lap trnh.
PLC S7-300 co ba ngon ng lap trnh c ban sau:
Ngon ng lap trnh liet ke le nh STL (Statement List). ay la dang
ngon ng lap trnh thon g thn g cua may tnh. Mot chng trnh c
hoa n chnh b i s ghep no i cu a nhieu cau lenh theo mot thuat toan nhat
nh, moi lenh chiem mot ha ng va co cau truc chung te n lenh + toan
hang.
Trang 14

Ngon ng lap trnh LAD (Ladder Logic). a y la dan g ngon ng o

hoa, thch hp vi nhng ngi lap trnh quen vi viec thiet ke mach ieu
khien logic.
Ngon ng lap trnh FBD (Function Block Diagram). a y cung la dang
ngon ng o hoa, thch hp cho nhng ng i quen thiet ke ma ch ieu
khien so.
Ngon ng lap trnh Graph. ay cung la dan g ngon ng o hoa, thch
hp cho nhng he thong tuan t.
Ngon ng lap trnh SCL. ay cun g la dang ngon ng cap cao, thch
hp cho nhng ngi biet vie t ngon ng cap cao.
Trong PLC co nhieu ngon ng lap trnh nham phu c vu cho ca c oi t ng
s dun g kha c nhau. Tuy nhien mot chng trnh viet tren ngon ng LAD hay
FBD co the chuyen sang dang STL, nhng ngc lai th khong.. HVa
P CMtrong STL
T
co nhieu le nh ma LAD hoa c FBD khong co. ay cunygthlauatthe manh cua ngon
K
ham
Su p
ng STL:
uong DH
Tr
n uyen
qSTL
B a FBD
LAD
Hnh 1.19. STL la ngo n ng manh nhat
V du :
Ladder Diagram LAD Stamentl list STL Function Block

Diagram FBD
Trang 15

CHNG 2: NGON NG LAP TRNH STL
2.1. Cau tru c len h
Nh a bie t, ca u truc cua mot len h STL co dan g
Te n le nh + Toa n han g
V du :
Nhan : L PIW274 // o c noi dung co ng vao cu a module Analog
ten lenh toan han g

M
P. HC
uat T
thch o nh.
t ya
Trong o toa n han hg co the la mot d lieu hoac moK
pham
H Su
ruo ng D
2.1.1 Toan hang la d lieu T
qu yen
B an
- D lieu logic TRUE (1) va (0) co o dai 1 bit.
V du
CALL FC1
In_Bit_1 = TRUE //Gia tr logic 1 c gan cho bien hnh th c In_Bit_1
In_Bit_2 = FALSE // Gia tr logic c gan cho bien hnh th c
In_Bit_2
Ret_val = MW0 //Gia tr tra ve .
- D lieu so nh phan.
V du
L 2#110011 //Nap so nh phan 110011 vao thanh ghi ACCU1
- D lieu la so Hexadecimal x co o dai 1 byte (B#16#x), 1 t (W#16#x)
hoa c 1 t kep (DW#16#x).
V du
L B#16#1E //Nap so 1E vao byte thap cua thanh ghi ACCU1
L W#16#3A //Nap so 3A2 vao 2 byte thap cua thanh ghi ACCU1
L DW#16#D3A2E //Nap so D3A2E vao thanh ghi ACCU1
- D lieu la so nguyen x vi o dai 2 bytes cho bie n kieu INT.
Trang 16

V du
L 930
L -1025
- D lieu la so nguyen x v i do dai 4 bytes dang L#x cho bie n kieu

DINT.
V du
L L#930
L L#-2047
- D lieu la so th c x cho bie n kieu REAL.

V du
L 1.234567e+13
L 930.0
CM giay.
P. yH_mili
- D lieu th i gian cho bien kie u S5T dang gi _phu tt_gia
ua T
V du K y th
am
L S5T#2h_1m_0s_5ms H S u ph
D
- D lieu th i gian cho bie T
n r uonug TOD dang gi:phut:giay.
kie
n
V du a n quye
B
L TOD#5:45:00
- DATE: Bieu dien gia tr th i gian tnh theo nam/thang/ngay.
V du
L DATE#1999 12 8.
- C: Bieu die n gia tr so em at tr c cho bo em .
V du
L C#20
- P: D lieu bieu die n a ch cua mot bit o nh.
V du
L P#Q0.0
- D lieu k t.
V du
L ABCD
L E
Trang 17

2.1.2 Toan hang la a ch.

a ch o nh trong S7_300 gom hai phan: phan ch va phan so. V du :
PIW 304 hoac M 300.4
phan ch phan so pha n ch phan so
a. Phan ch ch v tr va kch th c cua o nh .

Chun g co the la:
- M: Ch o nh trong mien ca c bien c co kch thc la 1 bit.
- MB: Ch o nh trong mie n cac bien c co kch th c la 1 byte(8 bits).
- MW: Ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 2 bytes (16
bits).
- MD: Ch o nh trong mien ca c bie n c co kch th c laM4 bytes(32
HC
bits). u a t TP.
th
- I: Ch o nho co kch th c 1 bit trong mieanmboKyem cong vao so.
u ph trong mien bo em cong vao
HtSbyte
D
- IB: Ch o nh co kch th c lag mo
n
so. n Truo
uye
n qkch
- IW: Ch o nhBaco th c la mot t trong mie n bo em cong vao so.
- ID: Ch o nh co kch th c la hai t trong mien bo em cong vao so.
- Q: Ch o nh co kch th c 1 bit trong mien bo em cong ra so.
- QB: Ch o nh co kch thc la mo t byte trong mie n bo em cong raso.
- QW: Ch o nh co kch th c la mot t trong mien bo em cong ra so.
- QD: Ch o nh co kch th c la hai t trong mie n bo em cong ra so.
- PIB: Ch o nh co kch thc 1byte thuo c vun g peripheral input.
Thng la a ch cong vao cu a cac module tng t (I/O external
input).
- PIW: Ch o nh co kch th c 1 t (2byte) thuo c vung peripheral input.
input).
- PID: Ch o nh co kch th c 2 t (4bytes) thuo c vung peripheral input.
input).
- PQB: Ch o nh co kch th c 1 byte thuo c vu ng peripheral output.
Thng la a ch con g ra cu a cac module tng t (I/O external input).
- PQW: Ch o nh co kch th c 1 t (2bytes) thuo c vung peripheral
output. Thng la a ch cong ra/vao cua cac module tng t (I/O
external input).
Trang 18

- PQD: Ch o nh co kch th c 2 t (4bytes) thuo c vu ng peripheral

output. Thng la a ch cong ra vao cua ca c module tng t (I/O
external input).
- DBX: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 bit trong khoi d lie u DB c m
bang lenh OPN DB( open data block)
- DBB: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte trong khoi d lieu DB c m
- DBW: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 t trong khoi d lie u DB c m
- DBD: Ch o nh co kch th c 2 t trong khoi d lieu DB c m
- DBx.DBX: Ch trc tiep o nh co kch th c 1 bit trong kho i d lieu
DBx, vi x la ch so cua khoi DB.V du:DB5.DBX 1.6
- DBx.DBB: Ch trc tie p o nh co kch thc 1 byte trong khoi d lieu
CM
DBx, vi x la ch so cua khoi DB.V du:DB5.DBB 1. uat TP. H
h
- DBx.DBW: Ch trc tiep o nh co kch ath m Kyc t1 t trong kho i d lieu
ph
Sudu
DBx, vi x la ch so cua khoi DB.VDH :DB5.DBW 1.
r u o ng
- DBx.DBD: Ch trc tie p To nh co kch thc 2 t trong kho i d lieu
qu yen
an so cua khoi DB.V du:DB5.DBD 1.
DBx, vi x laBch
- DIX: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 bit trong khoi d lieu DB c m
bang lenh OPN DI(Open distance data block)
- DIB:Ch o nh co kch th c 1 byte trong khoi d lie u DB c m
- DBW:Ch o nh co kch th c 1 t trong kho i d lieu DB c m
- DBD:Ch o nh co kch th c 2 t trong kho i d lieu DB c m bang
lenh OPN DI(Open distance data block)
- L: Ch o nh co kch th c 1 bit trong mien d lieu a phng (local
block) cu a cac khoi chng trnh OB,FC,FB.
- LB: Ch o nh co kch th c 1 byte trong mien d lieu a phng
(local block) cua cac khoi chng trnh OB,FC,FB.
- LW: Ch o nh co kch thc 1 t trong mien d lie u a phng (local
- LD: Ch o nh co kch th c 2 t trong mien d lieu a phng (local
Trang 19

b. Pha n so ch a ch cua byte hoa c cua bit trong mien nh a xa c nh.

- Neu o nh a c xac nh thong qua phan ch la co kch th c 1 bit
th phan so se gom a ch cua byte va so th t cu a bit trong byte o
c ta ch vi nhau bang dau cham . V du :
I 1.3 // Ch bit th 3 trong byte 1 cua mien nh bo em cong vao
so
M 101.5 // Ch bit th 5 trong byte 101 cua mien cac bien c M.
Q 4.5 // Ch bit th 5
- Trong tr ng hp o nh a c xa c nh la byte, t hoac t kep th
pha n so se la a ch byte au tien trong man g byte cua o nh o.
V du
DIB 15 // Ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte (byte 15) trong khoi DB a
c m bang lenh OPN DI
DBW 18 // Ch o nh co kch thc 1 t gom 2 bytes 18 va 19
M
trong khoi DB a c m bang lenh OPN TP . HC
DB
uat
DB2.DBW 15 // Ch o nh co kch thcm2Kbytes y th 15 va 16
a
trong khoi d lie
H u ph
uSDB2.
D
MD 105 // Ch o nh co T uongthc 2 t gom
rkch
uyen
an q 105, 106, 107, 108 trong mien nh cac bien c M.
4 Bbytes
2.1.3 Thanh ghi tra ng thai

Khi th c hien le nh, CPU se ghi nhan lai trang thai cua phep tnh trung
gian cu ng nh cu a ke t qua vao mot thanh ghi a c biet 16 bits, c goi la
thanh ghi trang thai ( Status Word). Mac du thanh ghi tran g thai na y co o dai
16 bits nhng ch s dung 9 bits vi cau truc nh sau:
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
BR CC1 CC0 OV OS OR STA RLO FC
FC (First check): Khi phai thc hie n mot day cac lenh logic lien tie p nhau
gom cac phep tnh , va nghch ao, bit FC co gia tr ba ng 1. Noi cach
kha c, FC =0 khi day lenh logic tiep iem v a c ket thuc.
V du :
A I0.2 //FC = 1
AN I0.3 //FC = 1
= Q4.0 //FC = 0
RLO (Result of logic operation): Ket qua t c thi cu a phep tnh logic v a
c th c hien. V du lenh
A I0.3
Trang 20

- Neu trc khi thc hien bit FC = 0 th co tac dung chuyen no i dung cu a
cong vao so I 0.3 vao bit trang thai RLO.
- Neu tr c khi th c hien bit FC = 1 th co ta c dun g th c hien phep tnh
gi a RLO va gia tr logic cong vao I 0.3. Ket qua cu a phep tnh c ghi lai
vao bit tran g thai RLO.
STA (Status bit) : Bit tra ng thai nay luon co gia tr logic cua tiep iem c
ch nh trong lenh. V du ca hai le nh:
A I 0.3
AN I0.3
eu gan cho bit STA cun g mot gia tr la noi dung cu a co ng va o so I 0.3.
OR: Ghi lai gia tr cua phep tnh logic cuoi cung c thc hie n e phu
giup cho vie c thc hien phep toan sau o. ieu nay la can thiet v trong
mot bie u thc ham hai tr, phep tnh bao gi cung phai c th c hien
trc cac phe p tnh .
M
HCnh
OS (Store overflow bit): Ghi la i gia tr bit b tran ra ngoai ma TnPg. o .
y t huat
OV (Overflow bit): Bit bao ket qua phe p tnh b atra nKra ngoa i mang o nh.
S u ph m
CC0 va CC1(Condition code): Hai bitgba oH trang thai cu a ket qua phep tnh vi
r u o n D
T n hoa c phep tnh logic trong ACCU
so nguye n, so th c, phep dch nchuye
qu ye
BR(Binary result bit): BanBit tra ng thai cho phep lien ket hai loai ngon ng lap
trnh STL. Chan g han cho phep ngi s dun g co the vie t mot kho i chng
trnh FB hoa c FC tren ngon ng STL nhng goi va s du ng chu ng trong mot
chng trnh khac vie t tren LAD. e tao ra c moi lien ket o, ta can phai
ket thu c chng trnh trong FB, FC bang lenh ghi:
- 1 vao BR, ne u chng trnh chay khong co loi .
- 0 vao BR, ne u chng trnh chay co loi.
Khi s du ng ca c khoi ham ac bie t cua he thong (SFC hoac SFB), trang thai
lam viec cua chng trnh cung c thong bao ra ngoai qua bit tra ng thai
BR nh sau
- 1 ne u SFC hay SFB thc hie n khong co loi.
- 0 ne u co loi khi th c hie n SFC hay SFB.
Chu y: Mot chng trnh viet tren STL (tuy thuo c vao tng ngi lap trnh) co
the bao gom nhieu Network. Moi mo t Network cha mot cong oan cu the.
moi au Network, thanh ghi trang tha i nhan gia tr 0, ch sau lenh au tien
cua Network, cac bit tran g thai mi thay oi theo ket qua phep tnh.
Network 1
oan chng trnh 1
Network 2
oa n chng trnh 2
Trang 21

Network 3
oa n chng trnh 3
2.2 CAC LENH C BAN
2.2.1 Nhom le nh logic

Bao gom ca c lenh sau

A And
AN And Not
O Or
ON Or Not
X ExOr
M
P. HC
XN ExOr Not
uat T
K y th
a. Le nh ga n u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
Cu phap = <toan han g>n quyen
Ba
Toan hang la a ch I, Q, M, L, D.
Lenh gan gia tr logic cu a RLO t i o nh co a ch c ch th trong toan

han g. Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang tha i (Status word) nh sau (K hieu
ch no i dung bit khong b thay oi, x la b thay o i theo le nh):

- - - - - 0 x - 1
V du : Th c hien Q4.0 = I0.3
Network 1
A I0.3 //o c noi dung cua I0.3 vao RLO
= Q4.0 //a ket qua ra cong Q4.0
b. Le nh thc hie n phe p tnh AND
Cu phap A <toa n ha ng>
Toan hang la d lieu kieu BOOL hoac a ch I, Q, M, L, D, T, C.
Trang 22

Neu FC = 0 lenh se ga n gia tr logic cua toan han g vao RLO. Ngc lai khi FC
= 1 no se thc hien phe p tnh AND gi a RLO vi toan han g va ghi lai ket qua
vao RLO.
Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi trang thai ( Status word) nh sau (k hieu ch noi
dung bit khong b thay o i, x la b thay oi theo len h):

- - - - - x x x 1
V du1 : Th c hien Q4.0 = I0.3 AND I0.4 (mac noi tie p hai cong ta c)
Network 1
A I0.3 // o c noi dung cua I0.3 vao RLO
A I0.4 //Ket hp AND v i no i dung cong I0.4
= Q4.0 //a ket qua ra cong Q4.0 M
TP . HC
V du 2: uat
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
Ban
c. Lenh thc hie n phe p tnh AND vi gia tr nghch ao
Cu phap AN <toa n ha ng>

Neu FC = 0 lenh se gan gia tr logic nghch a o cu a toan han g vao RLO.
Ngc lai khi FC = 1 no se th c hien phe p tnh AND gi a RLO vi gia tr
nghch ao cu a toan hang va ghi la i ket qua vao RLO.

- - - - - x x x 1
Trang 23

V du1 : Th c hien Q4.0 = I0.3 AND NOT (I0.4) (ma c noi tiep hai cong tac)
Network 1
A I0..3 // o c noi dung cua I0.3 vao RLO
AN I0.4 //Ket hp AND vi ao no i dung cong I0.4
= Q4.0 //a ket qua ra cong Q4.0
V du 2
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
d. Le nh OR
n g DH S
T ruo
qu y en
Cu phap Bann hang >
O <Toa

= 1 no se th c hien phep tnh OR gi a RLO v i toan hang va ghi lai ket qua
vao RLO.

- - - - - x x x 1
V du
Trang 24

e. Lenh OR NOT
Cu phap ON <Toan hang >

= 1 no se th c hien phe p tnh OR gi a RLO vi NOT toan hang va ghi lai ket
qua vao RLO.
V du
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
an
f. Lenh thc hie n pheBp tnh AND vi mot bieu thc
Cu phap A(
Neu FC = 0 le nh se gan gia tr logic cu a bie u th c trong dau ngoa c sau no vao
RLO. Ngc lai khi FC = 1 no se th c hien phep tnh AND gia RLO vi gia tr
logic cu a bie u trong dau ngoa c sau no va ghi lai ket qua vao RLO.
V du Q0.4 = (( I0.0 OR M10.0) AND (I0.2 OR M10.3)) AND (M10.1)
Trang 25

g. Lenh thc hie n phe p tnh AND vi gia tr nghch ao cua mot bieu thc
Cu phap AN(
RLO. Ngc lai khi FC = 1 no se th c hien phep tnh AND gia RLO vi gia tr
nghch ao logic cua bieu trong dau ngoac sau no va ghi lai ke t qua vao RLO.
h. Lenh thc hie n phe p tnh OR vi gia 1tr mot bieu thc
M
P. HC
Cu phap O( uat T
K y th
Su pham
H
Neu FC = 0 le nh se gan gia tr logicocu
r u ngaDbie u th c trong dau ngoa c sau no vao
RLO. Ng c la i khi FC = 1uyno Tth c hien phep tnh OR gi a RLO v i gia tr
en se
q
anngoa c sau no va ghi lai ket qua vao RLO.
logic cu a bie u trong daBu
i. Lenh thc hie n phe p tnh OR vi nghch ao gia tr mo t bieu thc

Cu phap ON(
RLO. Ng c la i khi FC = 1 no se th c hien phep tnh OR gi a RLO v i gia tr
nghch ao logic cua bieu trong dau ngoac sau no va ghi lai ke t qua vao RLO.
Trang 26

j. Le nh ghi gia tr logic 1 va o RLO
Cu phap SET
Lenh kho ng co toan hang va co tac dung ghi 1 vao RLO

Lenh tac o ng vao thanh ghi trang thai (Status word) nh sau:

- - - - - - 1 1 0
k. Le nh gan co ie u kie n gia tr logic 1 vao o nh

Cu phap S <toa n ha ng>
Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D.
Neu RLO = 1, lenh se ghi gia tr 1 vao o nh co a ch cho trong toa n hang.
P . HCM
uat T
Lenh tac o ng vao thanh ghi trang thai (Status word) nhhsau:
K yt
u pham
BR CC1 CC0 OV OS ngOR DH SSTA RLO FC
ruo
- - - y e-n T - 0 x - 0
qu
Ban
l. Le nh ga n co ieu kien gia tr logic 0 va o o nh
Cu phap R <toa n ha ng>
Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D.

Neu RLO = 1, lenh se ghi gia tr 0 vao o nh co a ch cho trong toa n hang.
Lenh tac o ng vao thanh ghi trang thai (Status word) nh sau:

- - - - - 0 x - 0
m. Le nh phat hie n sn len
Cu phap FP <toa n ha ng>
Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D va c s dung nh mot bien c e ghi

nhan lai gia tr cu a RLO tai v tr nay trong chng trnh, nhng cu a vong quet
trc. Tai moi vong lenh se kiem tra: ne u bien c (toan hang) co gia tr 0 va
Trang 27

RLO co gia tr 1 th se ghi 1 vao RLO, cac tr ng hp kha c th ghi 0, on g thi

chuyen noi dung cua RLO vao lai bie n c. Nh vay RLO se co gia tr 1 trong
mot von g quet khi co sn le n trong RLO. V du: Le nh phat hie n sn le n.
A I0.0
FP M10.0
= Q4.5
Se tng ng vi
Gia tr RLO tai
oan chng trnh sau Gia tr RLO tai von g
vo ng que t hien thi
que t trc c nh
A I0.0 va o M10.0
AN M10.0
= Q4.5 Hnh 2.1. Hnh mo ta le nh FP
A I0.0
= M10.0
Lenh tac o ng va o thanh ghi trang thai (Status word) nh sau:
M
P. HC
h uat T
BR CC1 CC0 OV OS OR STA mRLO
a Ky t FC
- - - - - ph x
0 H Su x 1
g D
T ruon
qu yen
Bannxuo ng
n. Le nh phat hien s
Cu phap FN <toa n ha ng>
Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D va c s dun g nh mot bien c e

ghi nhan la i gia tr cu a RLO tai v tr nay trong chng trnh, nhng cu a
vong que t tr c. Tai moi von g lenh se kiem tra: ne u bien c (toan hang)
co gia tr 1 va RLO co gia tr 0 th se ghi 1 vao RLO, cac trng h p kha c
th ghi 0, ong thi chuyen noi dung cu a RLO vao lai bien c. Nh vay
RLO se co gia tr 1 trong mot vong quet khi co sn xuong trong
RLO.Lenh tac ong vao thanh ghi tran g thai (Status word) nh sau:

- - - - - 0 x x 1
2.2.2 Len h oc, ghi trong ACCU
Ca c CPU cu a S7_300 th ng co hai thanh ghi Accunulator (ACCU) k hieu la

ACCU1 va ACCU2. Hai thanh ghi ACCU co cung kch thc 32 bits (1 t
kep). Moi phe p tnh toan tren so thc, so nguyen, cac phep tnh logic vi mang
Trang 28

nhieu bits e u c thc hien tren hai thanh ghi nay. Chu ng co cau tru c nh
sau:
31 24 23 16 15 87 0
ACCU1 Byte Byte Byte Byte tha p
cao tha p cao
ACCU2 Byte Byte Byte Byte tha p

cao tha p cao
T cao T tha p
a. Le nh oc vao ACCU
Cu phap L <toa n ha ng>
Toan hang la d lie u (so nguye n, thc, nh phan) hoac a ch. Neu la a ch
th M
TP . HC
- Byte IB, QB, PIB, MB, LB, DBB, DIB trong khoang 0 u65535 at
K ygth0 65534
- T IW, QW, PIW, MW, LW, DBW, DIW tronghkhoa am n
H S u p khoang t 0 65534
- T kep ID, QD, PID, MD, LD, DBD, DID D trong
T r uonpgle cu a toan hang cho trong bang sau

Neu la d lieu th cac da ng denlie u h
quy
Ban
Trang 29

Bang 2.1: Cac da ng d lieu hp le cu a toan ha ng

D lieu V du Giai thch
L +5 Ghi 5 vao t thap cua ACCU1
B#(,) L B#(1,8) Ghi 1 vao byte cao cu a t thap va 8 vao
byte thap cua t thap trong ACCU
L# L L#5 Ghi 5 vao ACCU1(so nguye 32 bits)
16# L B#16#2E D lieu dang c so 16
L W#A2EB
L DW#2C1E_A2EB
2# L 2#11001101 D lieu dang c so 2
L AB D lieu dang k t
L ABCD
C# L C#1000 D lieu la gia tr at trc cho bo em
S5TIME# L S5TIME#2S HCMc cho Timer
D lieu la gia tr aTtP. tr
uat
(PV) K y th
am
P# L P#M10.2 S u uphla a ch o nh(dung cho con
DH lie
D
T r uongtro)
n
D# a n quye
L D#2000-6-20 D lie u la gia tr ve
B
ngay/than g/nam(16bits)
T# L T#0H_1M_10S D lieu ve th i gian gi/ phu t/gia y(32bits)
Lenh L co tac dung chuye n d lieu hoac noi dung cu a o nh co a ch la toan

han g va o thanh ghi ACCU1. No i dung cu cua ACCU1 c chuyen vao
ACCU2. Trong trn g hp gia tr chuyen vao co kch thc nho hn t kep th
chun g se c ghi va o theo th t byte thap cu a t thap, byte cao cu a t thap,
byte thap cua t cao, byte cao cu a t cao. Nhng bit co n tron g trong ACCU1
c ghi 0.
V du1
L IB0
se chuyen noi dung cu a IB0 vao ACCU1 nh sau
31 24 23 16 15 87 0
ACCU1 0 0 0 IB 0
V du 2
L MW20 //se chuyen noi dung cua MW20 gom 2 bytes MB20, MB21
vao ACCU1 theo th t
31 24 23 16 15 87 0
Trang 30

ACCU1 0 0 MB20 MB21
Lenh kho ng s a oi thanh ghi trang thai (Status word).
V du 3
L 100 // ACCU1 =100
L 200 // ACCU1 =200, ACCU2=100
b. Le nh chuye n no i dung cua ACCU1 ti o nh .
Cu phap T <toa n ha ng>
Toan hang la ai ch:

- Byte IB, QB, PIB, MB, LB, DBB, DIB trong khoang 0 65535
HCM
- T IW, QW, PIW, MW, LW, DBW, DIW trong khoang 0uat 65534TP.
y th
m K ng t 0 - 65534
- T kep ID, QD, PID, MD, LD, DBD, DID tronghakhoa
p
H Su
o
u ng D
Lenh chuye n noi dung cu a ACCU1 en Tr vao o nh co a ch la toa n hang. Lenh
qu y
khong thay oi noi dung Bancua ACCU2.Trong trng hp o nh co kch th c nho
hn t ke p th noi dung cu a ACCU1 c chuyen ra theo th t byte thap cu a
t tha p, byte cao cua t thap, byte thap cu a t cao, byte cao cu a t cao.
V du
T QB0
se ch chuyen no i dung cua byte thap cu a t thap trong ACCU1 vao IB0 va
lenh
T MW20
se ch chuyen byte cao cu a t thap vao MW20, byte thap cu a t thap vao
MW21.
Lenh kho ng s a oi thanh ghi tran g thai (Status word).
Trang 31

CHNG 3
NGON NG GRAPH VA NG DUNG
Khi lap trnh cho PLC s dung khoi FB th chung ta co the s dung ngon
ng Graph. Ngon ng na y rat thuan li trong nhng he thong ieu khien tuan
t. Lu y trong khi ca i at phan mem Step7 ta phai chon cai at ngo n ng nay.
3.1 To mt khi FB di dng ngn ng Graph

3.1.1. To mt khi FB Graph
Bc 1: Double click vo folder Blocks.
Bc 2: Chn trn thanh Menu: Insert > S7 Block > Function Block.
Bc 3: Mt hp thoi Properties xut hin. Chn ngn ng lp trnh l Graph
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
Ban
Hnh 3.1. Chon ngo n ng Graph khi lap trnh tre n khoi FB
Ri chn OK. Nh vy kt qu l mt khi FB1 c to ra trong folder

Blocks
3.1.2. Vit chng trnh theo kieu tun t

e tie n theo doi xet v du ieu khien kh i o ng SAO/TAMGIAC cua ong
c 3 pha nh sau
ng c khng ng b 3 pha r to lng sc phi c vn hnh c 2 chiu

quay. khc phc c dng khi ng ln, ng c phi c khi ng vi
ch kt ni sao - tam gic
Trang 32

YU CU
Khi nhn nt S1 th ng c chy v quay cng chiu kim ng h, v ng

c s quay theo chiu ngc li nu nhn nt S2. Cng tc t chnh K1 cho chiu
quay cng chiu kim ng h v K2 cho chiu ngc li, kch hot cng tc t
ch sao l K4 v mt timer. Sau mt khong thi gian khi ng gn 5 s, ng
c t ng ngt ch chy sao. Cng tc t chnh K1 vn cn c kch hot v
ngt s kt ni vi ch chy sao cng tc t K4 trc khi chuyn sang kt ni
vi ch tam gic cng tc t K3. Chiu quay ca ng c ch c thay i
khi ng c c tt trc . ng c ch c th c tt khi nhn nt S0,
c lp vi trng thi hot ng . Trng thi ON ca ng c phi c hin th
qua n H1 v H2 tu thuc chiu quay ca ng c. Khi ng c qu ti n s
c t ng tt qua r le Q1(S5).
Hoat ong Sao/tamgiac cua ong c 3 pha c trnh ba y theo lu o
giai thuat sau
M
P. HC
START
uat T
K y th
u pham
DH S
uNong
S1=1n Tr
uye
Ban q Y
N
S2=1
C QUAY CNG C QUAY N GC

CHIU KIM NG CHIU KIM NG H
H (K1) CH (K2) CH SAO
SAO (K4) (K3)
N
N
SAU SAU
10S 10S
Y Y
C QUAY CNG C QUAY CNG

CHIU KIM NG CHIU KIM NG
H (K1) CH H (K1) CH
TAM GIC (K3) TAM GIC (K3)
S0=1
Hnh 3.2. Lu o ng giai thuat cua khi on g Sao/tamgiac
Trang 33

Bang c ch vao ra
Ngo vao Ngo ra

THIT B A CH THIT B NGOI A CH
NGOI
S0 I0.0 Q1 Q01
S1 I0.1 Q2 Q0.2
S2 I0.2 Q3 Q0.3
S5 I0.5 Q4 Q0.4
Trnh t lap trnh nh sau
Sau khi bt u lm vic vi S7 Graph bng cch double click vo khi

FB1 th h thng c chn vo mt STEP u tin v mt TRANSITION u
tin.
C 2 phng php to cu trc Sequencer. M
Phng php 1: ch Direct: Insert > Direct TP . HC
uat
K y th
Phng php 2: ch Drap-and-Drop: Insert > Drap-and-Drop
am
Sau y ch trnh by cch vit theo phng H S u ph 1
php
D
uong chut vo biu tng mt ln
Bc 1: Chn transition 1 vTrnhp
n
a n quye
B
Kt qu to ra mt step 2. Ti step ny ng c thc hin ch quay cng

chiu kim ng h, v mch c kt ni dng SAO.
Bc 2: Chn step 2 v chn biu tng
iu ny s m ra mt nhnh xen vo cho ch ng c cng quay cng

chiu kim ng h nhng mch c kt ni dng TAM GIC. Nhnh ny bt
u vi transition 3 (T3)
Bc 3: Tip tc vi con chut ang ti v tr T3, nhp chut chn biu
tng
V s c chn vo step 3 cng vi transition 4
Bc 4: Chn step 1 v chn biu tng
Trang 34

iu ny s m ra mt nhnh xen vo cho ch ng c ngc chiu kim ng

h. Nhnh ny bt u vi transition 5 (T5)
Bc 5: Tng t nh nhnh chnh ng vi ch quay ca ng c l

cng chiu kim ng h.Vn con chut ti transition 5 v nhp chut vo biu
tng sau mt ln
Kt qu to ra mt step 4 v transition 6. Ti step ny ng c thc hin

ch quay ngc chiu kim ng h, v mch c kt ni dng SAO.
tip tc thc hin ging nh nhnh chinh ta c mch nh sau:
Bc 6: V by gi ta hon thnh cu trc ca mt SequencerM bng cch

P. HC
at T
u tin ta chn transition 1 (T1) ri nhp chut chn biu tng
hu
yt
ph am K
H Su
uo ng D
en Tr
y
qu s 1
anvo
v ri chn step1 hoc Bg
Trang 35

M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
Ban
Hnh 3.2. Tao nhanh trong Graph

3.2. Vit chng trnh cc ACTION cho cc step
Cng c 2 phng php viit chng trnh cc action cho cc step v cc

transition: Direct v Drap-and-Drop
Trang 36

Sau y s s dng phng php Drap-and-Drop : Insert > Drap-and-Drop

Bc 1: Chn trn thanh menu Insert > Action
Kt qu l: Trn con chut s xut hin biu tng sau
Bc 2: chn dng action rng bng cch nhp chut vo action

Bc 3: Enter vo cc action
Mt action bao gm 1 lnh v 1 a ch. Trong ngo n ng Graph co 4 lnh hay s
dung :
S Set ng ra
R Reset ng ra
D Delay 1 khoang thi gian (xem them S4 hnh 3)
C em s kien
M
P. HC
h uat T
S1 CU C20 Kymt so hanh ong cu a S1
S dung Counter C20 e
a m
S1 CR C20 Reset Counter u ph
H SC20
uo ng D
en Tr
u y
Ban q
3.3. Vit chng trnh cc TRANSITION
C cc hm logic Cong tc thng m, Cng tc thng ng, Hm

so snh c s dng cho cc iu kin-CONDITION trong cc transition. Vit
chng trnh cho cc transition nh sau:
Bc 1: Chn View >LAD
Chn vo cng tc thng m
Chn vo cng tc thng ng
Chn vo php so snh
Bc 2: Sau khi nhp chn v chn vo ng v tr c th thot ra bt c lc no

bng cch nhn phm ESC
Bc 3: Enter a ch vo. Nhp chut vo vng yu cu

Ri g vo a ch hoc k hiu ca a ch ( V d I0.0 hoc
I0.0_Nut_nhan_dung )
Bc 4:
Trang 37

M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
Ban
Khi S4 chay
c 20 S th
M0.1 a o tran g
tha i
Trang 38

M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
Ban
Hnh 3.3. Chng trnh kh i ong sao/tamgiac dung ngon ng Graph
3.4. Lu v ng chng trnh li
Khi lu chng trnh li, th phan mem t ng c kim tra (compile)

Bc 1: Chn trn thanh menu File > Save
Kt qu l: mt hp thoi Select Instance DB c m ra vi thng s mc nh
l DBx (vi x tru ng vi x cu a kho i FBx v du neu FB1 th DB1)
Bc 2: ng vi mc nh ny bng cch nhp chn OK
Kt qu l: Khi d liu DB-Data block t ng c to ra trong folder
Blocks
Bc 3: ng chng trnh li bng cch chn File > Close
Trang 39

3.5 Gi chng trnh t trong khi FB1 vo khi OB1
Chng trnh iu khin ng c c gi vo trong khi OB1. Chng ta

c th to khi OB1 vit di dng LAD, FBD, STL, hoc SCL ( y khi
OB1 c to ra di dng LAD. Chng trnh ca khi OB1 c biu din nh
s sau. Lm trnh t cc bc nh sau:
Bc 1: M folder Blocks trong S7 program trong ca s SIMATIC Manager
Bc 2: Double- click vo khi OB1
Bc 3: Chn ngn ng vit dng LAD bng cch View > LAD
Bc 4: M Overviews ra nu ch c sn bng cch View > Overwiews
Ri nhp chn FB, ri double-click vo FB1
Bc 5: G tn ca khi d liu DB1 vo pha trn
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
Ban
Hnh 3.4. Go i khoi FB trong OB1
Bc 6: Lu v ng khi OB1 li bng cch File > Save ri File >Close
3.6. Download chng trnh xung CPU v kim tra tua n t chng trnh
3.6.1. Download chng trnh xung CPU

cho php download chng trnh xung CPU, ta phi download tt c cc khi
( DB1, FB1, OB1, FC70/71, FC72 v/hoc FC73) xung CPU theo cc bc sau:
Trang 40

Bc 1: M ca s chnh SIMATIC Manager v chn folder Blocks.

Bc 2: Chn menu PLC> Download
3.6.2 Kim tra chng trnh
kim tra chng trnh , i hi cn phi kt ni vi vi CPU

Bc 1: M ca s chnh SIMATIC Manager.
Bc 2: M Sequencer bng cch double-click vo khi FB1.
Bc 3: Chn menu Debug > Monitor.
Kt qu l: Trng tri chng trnh c hin th ( Step u tin c kch hot).

Step no hot ng c hin th mu xanh
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
Ban
Trang 41

Chng 4
PHAN MEM STEP7
4.1 S lc ve phan mem STEP7.
STEP 7 la mot phan mem dung e phuc vu cho viec at cau hnh va lap trnh
cho cac bo ieu khie n lap trnh c (PLC_Programmable Logic Controller). ay
la bo phan mem do hang Siemens thiet ke, bao gom cac version c ban sau :
STEP 7 Micro/Dos va STEP 7 Micro/Win danh cho cac ng dung chuan, n
gian tren SIMATIC S7-200.
STEP 7 Mini danh cho cac ng dung chuan, n gian tren SIMATIC S7-300 va
SIMATIC C7-620.
STEP 7 danh cho cac ng dung tren SIMATIC S7-300/S7-400, SIMATIC M7-
300/M7-400 va SIMATIC C7 vi cac chc nang rong hn: M
t TP. HC
Co kha nang gan cac thong so cho cac module tha u a
h m va cac bo x ly truyen
a m Ky
h
Su p
thong.
g DH
Co the hoat ong che o
ruonu may tnh.
Tnhie
n
quye
Truyen thong dBanlieu toan cuc.
Truyen d lieu theo s kien s dung cac khoi ham truyen thong
(communication function blocks).
at cau hnh ket noi.
4.1.1 Cai at Step7.
Yeu cau phan cng:
He ieu hanh : Windows 95, Windows 98 hay Windows NT.
Phan cng :
Bo x ly 80486 hay cao hn.
RAM: t nhat la 32Mbytes.
Man hnh, chuot, ban phm co ho tr Win 95/98/NT.
Cai at STEP 7:
Cho a STEP 7 vao o a CD-ROM.
Chay chng trnh setup tren a, cung giong nh viec cai at cac phan
mem khac. Tuy nhien viec cai at STEP 7 co vai iem khac biet so v i cac
phan mem khac:
Trang 42

Khai bao so hieu san pham: so hieu san pham luon i kem theo a.
Do o khi qua trnh cai a t yeu cau so hieu san pham, ban phai ien ay u
cac thong tin vao cac muc yeu cau.
ang ky ban quyen (AuthorsW): ban quyen cua STEP 7 do Simens
cung cap thng c cha trong a mem rieng (mau o). Ta co the ang
ky ban quyen ngay trong qua trnh cai at hay sau khi cai at phan mem
xong ban chay chng trnh AuthorsW.exe co trong danh sach cua
SIMATIC.
4.1.2 Cac cong viec khi lam viec vi phan mem STEP 7.
Lap ke hoach cho bo ieu khien.
Thiet ke cau truc chng trnh.
Khi ong STEP 7.
Tao cau truc project. M
P. HC
uat T
at cau hnh cho tram. K y th
u pham
H S n thong.
g iDtruye
at cau hnh mang va cac ket nno
uo
n Tr
quyue.
nh ngha cac ky hie
Ban
Tao chng trnh.
oi vi S7: tao va anh gia cac d lieu tham chieu.
at cau hnh cac thong iep.
at cau hnh cac bien ieu khien.
Download chng trnh xuong bo ieu khien.
Kiem tra chng trnh.
Quan sat hoat ong va chan oan loi.
4.1.3. Set giao dien PG/PC.
Vi viec thiet lap nay, giup ban thiet lap kieu ket noi giao tiep gia thiet b
lap trnh (PC) va bo ieu khien logic kha trnh (PLC).
Khi Set PG/PC Interfaces lan au tien, ta phai cai at module giao tiep nh
sau:
Trang 43

Chon loai module

thch hp.
Click chon Install.
M
P. HC
th uat T
Ky
Hnh 4.1. Set giao dieanmPG/PC
h
D H Su p
Trong hop thoai Set PG/PC ngInterfaces ta chon loai card phu hp chuan
n Truo
giao tiep he thong mang va e
quyclick vao nut Properties
Ban
Hop thoai Properties - PC Adapter hien ra, ta thiet lap cac thong so giao
tiep can thiet nh: a ch, toc o truyen,
4.2 CACH TAO 1 CHNG TRNH NG DUNG VI STEP7
4.2.1. Cac bc soan thao 1 Project

Cach xay dng cau hnh phan cng cho tram PLC.
V du xay dng cau hnh phan cng cho 1 tram nh sau:
- Phan cng cua tram gom mot thanh ray
RACK-300 : thanh RAIL
- Tren thanh nay co gan cac moun : nguon PS , CPU, DI/DO, AI, AO tren cac
SLOT Trong o :
SLOT 1: co gan moun nguon PS 307 5A vi ma so : 6ES7 307-1EA00-
0AA0
Trang 44

SLOT 2 va SLOT 3 : Co gan moun CPU 300 CPU 315-2 DP vi ma so :

6ES7 315- 2AFO3-OABO- V1.2 moun nay e truyen d lieu t S7-300
bang ng truyen mang MPI va PROFIBUS vi toc o 1.5 MB
SLOT 4 : Moun tn hieu ngo vao/ ra digital DI8 /DO8 x24V/0.5A v i ma
so : 6ES7 323-1BH00-0AA0
SLOT 5 : Moun tn hieu ngo vao analog AI 2x12bit v i ma so : 6ES7 331-
7KB02-0AB0
SLOT 6 : Moun tn hieu ngo ra analog A0 2x12bit vi ma so : 6ES7 332-
5HB01-0AB0
Chu y: ta khong the at cac than h phan ca so be n phai vao ca so be n trai

M
T P . HC
mot cach tuy tien khong theo mot th t. Thng tth t c thanh phan c at
uaca
K y h
m
phasau:
vao cac Slot ca so ben trai theo thH S
t unh
D
T r uong
n
quytemodul nguon.
Slot 1: ch s dunang a
B
Slot 2: ch s dung at modul CPU.
Slot 3: thong thng e rong.
Slot 4 t i Slot 11: du ng cho cac module truyen thong x ly( modul xuat,
modul nhap, modul vao ra tng t).
Hnh 4.2. Th t sap xep cua cac Slot tren mot Rack
Trang 45

4.2.2. Thiet lap phan cng cho tram

1. Khi ong phan mem SIMATIC Manager
Start -> SIMATIC Manager hoac doub_ click vao bieu tng :
Doub_click vao icon

SIMATIC Manager
Hnh 4.2. Bieu tng cua SIMATIC Manager
2. Tao 1 Project mi : File ->New Project Wizard

M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
ruo
Chon New Project Wizard
T
qu yen
B an
Hnh 4.3. Tao 1 Project mi

3. at ten cho Project :
1.at ten Project

2.Chon OK
Hnh 4.4. at ten cho Project
Trang 46

4. Chen SIMATIC 300 Station : Insert -> station -> SIMATIC 300 Station
Chon SIMATIC
300 Station
Hnh 4.5. Chen 1 tram SIMATIC mi M

P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
an
B Station(1)
5. Chon SIMATIC 300
Chon SIMATIC 300(1)
Hnh 4.6: Chon tram SIMATIC va tao
6. M cau hnh phan cng :
Trang 47

Click doub vao Hardware hoac vao Edit -> Open Object
Chon Open Object
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
pham
u
n g DH S
Hnh 4.7: M ruou hnh phan cng
Tca
y en
qu
Ban
7. Lay thanh rail slot 0 nam di dau + cua RACK :
SIMATIC 300 -> RACK-300 -> doub- click Rail
Slot 1: moun nguon PS

Slot 2: moun CPU 300
Slot 4: moun SM-DI/DO
Slot 5: moun SM-AI
Slot 6: moun SM-A0
Doub_click
vao Rail
Hnh 4.8: V tr cua moi Slot

8. Click vao SLOT 1
Trang 48

chon moun nguon PS 307 5A vi ma so : 6ES7 307-1EA00-0AA0, bang

cach doub_click vao PS 307 5A
Doub_click vao
PS 307 5A
M
P. HC
Hnh 4.9. Khai bao a ch nguon th uat T
Ky
pham
H S2u chon moun CPU 300 CPU 315-2
9. Tng t nh bc 8 click vaog Slot
n Duo
en Tr
y
qu 315- 2AFO3-OABO bang cach doub_click vao V1.2
DP vi ma so : 6ES7
Ban
luc o se xuat hien hop thoai Properties nhap a ch DP cua CPU la 15 va
nhan phm NEW sau o chon OK

Nhap a ch
CPU
Chon New
Hnh 4.10: Khai bao a ch va mang ket noi Profibus

Ket qua se tao ra : he thong chu (1) PROFIBUS(1) : DP
Trang 49

Hnh 4.11: Khai bao CPU

M
P. HC
uat T
h vao/ ra digital
Ky t
10. Click vao slot 4 : t SM-300 chon moun tn hie u ngo
Su pham
g DH323-1BH00-0AA0 bang cach doub _click
DI8 /DO8 x24V/0.5A vi ma so : 6ES7
T ruon
vao DI8 /DO8 x24V/0.5A qu yen
Ban
11. Click vao slot 5 t SM-300 chon mo un tn hieu ngo vao analog AI 2x12bit
vi ma so : 6ES7 331-7KB02-0AB0 bang cach doub _click vao AI 2x12bit
12. Click va o slot 6 t SM-300 chon moun tn hieu ngo ra analog A0 2x12bit vi
ma so : 6ES7 332-5HB01-0AB0 bang cach doub _click vao A0 2x12bit
13. Sau khi thiet lap phan cng xong ta tien hanh lu va kiem tra bang cach chon
menu Station > Save and Compile
14. Download cau hnh phan cng xuo ng di CPU cua PLC bang cach chon menu
PLC -> Download
Trang 50

M
P. HC
uat T
th phan cng
Hnh 4.12. Save va download caKuy hnh
am
H S u ph
D i logic
uong
4.2.3 Soan thao chng trnh cho ca c kho
T r
n
quye cau hnh cng cho mot tram PLC va quay tr ve ca
Sau khi khai baBoanxong
so chnh cua step7 ta se thay Step7 trong th muc SIMATIC 300(1) bay gi co
them cac th muc con CPU315-2DP, S7 Program(1), Sources, Blocks
M ca so SIMATIC manager len va chon Block

M tat ca cac khoi logic (OB, FC, FB, DB) cha chng trnh ng dung se nam
trong th muc Block. Mac nh san trong th muc nay a co san kho OB1
1. Click + Simatic 300(1)

2. Click + S7 program(1)
3. chon Block
Trang 51

Hnh 4.13. Chon khoi Blocks

Muon soan thao chng trnh cho khoi OB1 ta doud-click vao bieu tng OB1
ben na ca so ben phai
Double click
vao khoi OB
M
P. HC
uat T
h
a m Ky t
ph i OB1
Hnh 4.14: Lap trnh treSnu kho
g DH

e khai bao va soan thao chng ruon cho cac khoi OB khac hoac cho cac khoi FC
Ttrnh
uyen
B an q
, FB hay DB, ta co the tao mot khoi mi ngay trc tiep t chng trnh soan thao
bang cach chen them khoi mi o trc t ca so chnh cua step7 bang phm
Trang 52

Insert -> S7 Block -> chon kieu khoi -> chon so khoi -> nhan OK
Chon kieu khoi
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
BanChen them khoi ieu khien
Hnh 4.15.
Trang 53

CHNG 5
BO HIEU CHNH PID, CAC HAM X LY TN HIEU TNG T VA

N G DUN G
5.1 Gii thieu.

Nhieu nam trc ay bo ie u khien PID c coi la bo ie u khien ly
tng o i vi cac o i tng co mo hnh lien tuc . Bo PID thc s la bo ieu
khien ong ma viec thay oi cac tham so cua bo ieu khien co kha nan g lam
thay oi ac tnh ong va tnh cua he thon g ieu khien t o ng.
Bo ieu khie n PID thc chat la thiet b ieu khien thc hien luat ieu
khien c mo ta bang phng trnh sau:
t
1
u.(t) = kpe(t) +
.
e d TD e (t)
TI 0 M
T P . HC
trong o e(t) la tn hieu vao, u(t) la tn hieu ra cua bothieuatu khien, kp la he so
K y
amthi gian tch phan va TD la
khuec h ai cua luat ieu khie n ty le , TI haunpghso
DH S
hang so thi gian vi phan .
T r uong
n
a n quye Bo hieu
B oi tng
e(t) u(t)
Ngo vao chnh PID ieu Ngo ra
- khien
Hnh 5.1. ieu khien v i bo ieu khien PID
Vi bo ie u khien PID, ngi s dung de dang tch h p cac luat ieu

khien khac nh luat ieu khien t le (luat P), ieu khien t le - tch phan (luat
PI), ieu khie n t le -vi phan (luat PD). Bo ie u khien PID luo n la mot phan
t khong the thay the c trong cac qua trnh t o ng khon g che nhiet o,
mc, toc o
Mot trong nhng n g dun g cua bo ieu khie n PID trong ie u khien
thch nghi va ie u khien m la thng xuyen phai chnh nh lai cac tham so
cua no cho phu hp vi s thay oi khong biet trc cua oi tng cung nh
cua moi trng nham am bao c cac ch tieu chat lng a e ra trong he
thong. Neu nh ta a t o ng hoa c cong viec thay oi tham so nay th bo
ieu khien PID o se la mot bo ieu khien be n vng vi moi tac ong cua
nhieu no i cung nh nhieu ngoai le n he thong.
Trang 54

Cung chnh v vay ma cac thiet b ieu khien qua trnh nh DCS
Disbuted Control system, PLC Programmeble Logic Control,PCS Process
Control System cua cac hang san xuat thie t b t ong tren the gii kho ng
the thieu c module ieu khien PID hoac cng hoac mem.
e s dung tot cac module nay, ng i thiet ke phai nam c cac
phng phap chon luat ieu khien va cac tham so cho bo ieu khien.
Trong phan mem Step 7 co nhieu khoi FB e ho tr viec viet chng trnh ieu
khien thiet b s dung luat hieu chnh PID, nh FB40,FB41, FB58, FB59..
5.2 Moun mem FB58
5.2.1 Gii thieu
S o khoi FB58
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
Ban
Trang 55

Hnh 5.2. S o khoi cua khoi FB58
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
Ban Hnh 5.3. Cac cau lenh cua FB58
iem Setpoint
iem Setpoint at ngo vao SP- INT dang so thc nh mot ai lng vat l
hoac t le phan tram. iem setpoint va gia tr x l thng tao thanh sai so
phai co cung mot n v
S la chon gia tr x l (PVPER_ON)
Tuy thuoc vao PVER ON, gia tr co the co c t thiet b ngoai vi hoac
dang so thc
PVER-ON x l gia tr ngo vao:
- TRUE: Gia tr x l c o thong qua thiet b ngoai vi Analog (PIWxxx)
tai ngo
vao PV PER.
- FALSE: Gia tri x l co c dang so thc at tai ngo vao PV-IN.
S chuyen oi gia tr x l ban g ham CRP-IN (PER-MOD)
Ham CRP_IN chuyen gia tr ngoai vi sang dang so thc tuy thuoc vao s la
chon PER_MODE
Trang 56

Viec tieu chuan hoa gia tr x l PV_NORM (PF_FAC, PV_OFFS)

Ham PV_NORM tnh toan gia tr ngo ra cua ham CRP_IN nh sau:
"Output of PV_NORM" = "Output of CPR_IN" * PV_FAC + PV_OFFS
No c dung vi y nh:
PV_FAC:nh he so cua gia tr x l.
PV_OFFS:s offset cua gia tr x l.
S tieu chuan hoa nhie t o sang t le phan tram : iem setpoint dang %, ta
phai chuyen gia tr nhiet o c o sang t le %.
S tieu chuan hoa t le % sang nhie t o: iem setpoint dang nhiet o ta
phai chuyen ie n ap/don g ien.
Viec tnh toan cac thong so:
- PV_FAC = range of PV_NORM/range of CRP_IN;
- PV_OFFS = LL(PV_NORM) - PV_FAC * LL(CRP_IN);
Vi: M
TP . HC
range: dai,vung,mien uat
K y th
LL : gii han di am
H S u ph
ng D
Vi gia tr mac nh (PV_FAC = 1.0 va PV_OFFS = 0.0) th s tieu chuan
r u o
Tke t qua gia tr x l la ngo ra tai PV.
hoa se khong c thch hepn th
q u y
Bannhoa gia tr x l
V du viec tieu chua
Neu at gia tr setpoint la t le % va ban co mien nhiet o la (-20 +85)oC th
ban phai tieu chuan hoa dai nhiet o thanh t le %.
S o di ay trnh bay mot v du ve viec chuye n mien nhiet o (-
20+85)oC sang t le t 0 100%
Hnh 5.4. V du viec tieu chuan hoa gia tr x l
Trang 57

Hnh thc sai so

S khac biet gia iem setpoint va gia tr x l trc khi b a vao mien
chet se tao ra sai so. iem setpoint va gia tr x l phai co cung kie u n
v(% hoac ai lng vat l)
Mien che t (Deadb_W)
Vi moi mot gia tr, Deaband se a ra mot khoang sai so
Neu DEADB_W = 0 th Deaband se b giam s kch hoat. Sai so c ac
trng bang tho ng so ER
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
B an
Hnh 5.5. Minh hoa ve mien chet
Thua t toan PID (GAIN, TI, TD, D_F)
S o di ay la s o khoi cua thuat toan PID
Trang 58

Hnh 5.6. S o khoi cua that toan PID
Thuat toan PID hoat ong nh mot thuat toan ve s nh v. Cac c cau t
le,tch phan,vi phan(DIF) c ket noi song song va co the c kch hoat
hoac khong kch hoa t mot cach rieng le. ie u nay cho phep bo P, bo PI, bo
PID c cau hnh.
S ieu chnh cua ng i ieu khien se ho tr bo PI,PID. Bo ieu khien
nghch c thi hanh khi s dung mot bo GAIN (cooling controller).
Neu set gia tr TI,TD en gia tr 0.0 th ban se thu c mot bo ieu khien P
tai iem hoat ong
Tng bc ap ng trong mien thi gian la:

LMN_Sum(t):la bien tong trong che o t ong cua bo ieu khien
M
ER (0) P
: la s thay oi tng bc cua sai so a c chua
T . HnChoa
uat
GAIN : o li cua bo ieu khie n K y th
am
TI : thi gian tch phan H S u ph
gD
TD :thi gian vi phanTruon
n
D_ quyne
:he so Bvianpha
Hnh 5.7. Minh hoa cac thong so cua thuat toan PID
Bo tch phan (TI, I_ITL_ON, I_ITLVAL)

Trong ie u khie n tay no c ieu chnh nh sau:
LMN_I = LMN - LMN_P - DISV.
Neu bien van hanh (manipulated variable) b gi i han th c cau I se b ngng
hoat on g. Neu sai so a c cau I tr ve trong khoang cho phep cua bien
Trang 59

van hanh th c cau I co the c thay oi bang cach: c cau I cua bo ieu
khien co the c kch hoat bi TI = 0.
S hoat ong cua c cau P se b yeu i khi co s thay oi cua iem setpoint.
S hoat ong cu a c cau P se b yeu i khi co s thay oi cua iem
setpoint (PFAC_SP)
e ngan chan s qua tam(vt qua gii han),ban co the lam giam s hoat
ong cua c cau P bang cach s dung he so t le oi v i s thay o i cua
iem setpoint, thong so PFAC_SP. S dung PFAC_SP, ban co the chon cac
gia tr lien tie p t 0.0 1.0 e quyet nh hieu qua cua c cau P khi iem
setpoint thay o i.
- PFAC_SP=1.0: c cau P b anh hng neu iem setpoint b thay oi.
- PFAC_SP=0.0: c cau P hoan toan khong b thay oi neu iem setpoint b
thay
oi. M
TP . nHgC them
Viec giam anh hng cua c cau P se at c bang s ucaatn ba
K y th
c cau I am
H S u ph
Cac nhan to cua c cau vi phan (TD, DD_F)
T r uong
C cau D cua bo ieu khienense b giam kch hoat vi TD = 0.
uy
Neu c cau D c Bkch an qhoat ,theo moi quan he gia cac thong so ta co:
TD = 0.5 * CYCLE * D_F
Cai at thong so cua bo ieu khien P va PD vi iem ang hoa t on g
Trong giao dien cua ngi s dung, c cau I kho ng c kch hoat (TI = 0.0)
va c cau (TD = 0.0) cung vay. Sau o cai at cac thong so:
I_ITL_ON = TRUE
I_ITLVAL = iem ang hoat ong.
ieu khien hoi tiep (DISV)
Bien hoi tie p co the c them vao trong ngo vao DISV
Viec tnh toan bien van hanh
S o khoi di ay la s o ve s tnh toan bien van hanh
Trang 60

Hnh 5.8. S o khoi tnh toan bien van hanh

Vun g ieu khien (CONZ_ON, CON_ZONE)
Neu CONZ_ON = TRUE, bo ie u khien se hoat ong trong vun g ieu
khien. ieu nay co ngha la bo ieu khien hoat ong theo thuat toan sau:
- Neu PV vt qua gia tr SP_INT gan can tren cua CON_ZONE, th gia tr
LMN_LLM la gia tr ngo ra nh bien van hanh (ieu khien theo chu trnh
kn)
- Neu PV nam di gia tr SP_INT gan can di cua CON_ZONE,th gia tr
LMN_HLM la gia tr ngo ra nh bien van hanh(ie u khien theo chu trnh
kn)
- Neu PV nam trong khoang vung ieu khien (CON_ZONE) bien van hanh
se gi gia tr cua no lai t LMN_Sum cua thuat toan.
Chu y: S chuyen oi t ieu khien kn sang ieu khien t onMg theo chu
HC
trnh kn th s ieu khien se tnh toan 1 khoang tre khoau a t TnPg. 20% cua vu ng
h
ieu khien. a m Ky t
h p
H Su
ruo ng D
T
qu yen
Ban
Hnh 5.9. S o vung ieu khie n (CONZ_ON, CON_ZONE)
Trc khi kch hoat vun g ieu khien tay, phai chac chan rang vu ng ieu
khien kho ng qua hep, neu vu ng ieu khie n qua nho, s dao on g se xuat
hien trong bien van hanh va bien x l.
Thuan li cua vun g ieu khien
Trang 61

Khi gia tr x l thuoc vung ieu khien , c cau D tao ra mot s giam cc
nhanh cua bien van han h. ieu nay co ngha la vung ieu khien ch hu ch
khi c cau D c kch hoat. Kho ng co vun g ieu khie n, ve c ban c cau P
se lam giam bie n van hanh. Vung ieu khie n se co tac o ng ti s on nh
nhanh hn ma khong co s v t qua gi i han hoac sai lech d i( thap hn tr
so danh ngha).
X l gia tr bang tay (MAN_ON, MAN)
Ban co the bat cong tac ieu khien tay hoac t o ng . Trong ieu khie n tay
bien van hanh c ie u chnh en mot gia tr theo hng dan .
C cau tch phan (INT) c set en gia tr LMN - LMN_P DISV va c cau
vi phan (DIF) c set en gia tri 0 va c ong bo hoa be n trong. Do o
chuyen sang che o t ong se t b va cham hn.
Chu y: trong khi ieu khien tho ng so MAN_ON khong co anh hng g.
S gii han cua bien van hanh LMNLIMIT (LMN_HLM, LMN_LLM)
HCM
P. LMN_HLM
Tn
Gia tr cua bien van hanh c gii han en 2 gia tr giuiatha va
y t h
i haKn nay at c, ieu nay
pham
LMN_LLM bi ham LMNLIMIT. Neu s gi
H S u
ng D
c ch nh bi bit tho ng tin QLMN_HLM va QLMN_LLM. Neu bien van
r u o
bT ngng hoat ong. Neu sai so a c cau I ve
y n
hanh b gii han th c cau ese
qu
annh th c cau I se c phuc hoi.
ung vun g bien vanBha
Tay oi s gii han cua bien ket qua
Neu mien bien van hanh b giam va gia tr mi khong c gii han cua bien
van hanh nam ngoai khoang gii han, th c cau I va gia tr cua bie n van
hanh se b thay oi.
Viec tieu chuan hoa bien van hanh (LMN_FAC, LMN_OFFS)
Ham LMN_NORM chuan hoa bien van hanh theo cong thc sau:
LMN = LmnN * LMN_FAC + LMN_OFFS
No c dung vi y nh:
LMN_FAC: nh he so cua gia tr x l.
LMN_OFFS: s offset cua gia tr x l.
Gia tr bien van hanh cung co kha nang c nh dang t ben ngoai.
Ham CRP_OUT chuyen so thc sang gia tr ngoai vi theo cong thc sau:
LMN_PER = LMN * 27648/100
Vi gia tr mac nh (LMN_FAC = 1.0 va LMN_OFFS = 0.0) th s chuan
hoa se khong c thch hp. Luc nay ket qua cua bien van hanh la ngo ra
tai LMN.
Ghi nhan va chuyen tai cac thon g so cua bo ieu khien
- Viec ghi nhan cac thong so cua bo ieu khien SAVE_PAR
Trang 62

Neu viec cai at cac thong so hien han h c dung, ban co the ghi nhan
chung vao mot cau truc ac biet trong ham FB 58"TCONT_CP" trc khi tao
ra mot s thay oi .Neu ban ieu chnh bo ieu khie n, viec cac thong so ghi
nhan c viet e le n thay gia tr trc khi chuyen oi.
PFAC_SP, GAIN, TI, TD, D_F, CONZ_ON va CONZONE c chuyen sang
cau truc PAR_SAVE.
- Viec tai cac thong so a c ghi nhan cua bo ieu khien UNDO_PAR
Ham nay c s dung e kch hoat thon g so c cai at cuoi cung cua bo
ieu khien ma ban a ghi nhan e phuc hoi bo ieu khien (ch trong ieu
khien tay)
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
ruo
c Tghi nhan va chuyen tai cac thong so cua bo
yen
Hnh 5.10. S o khoi cua vie
qu
ieu khien Ban
Viec chuyen oi cac thong so gia bo PI va PID LOAD_PID (PID_ON)

Theo qua trnh ieu chnh cac thon g so PID va PI se c lu vao trong cau
truc PI_CON va PID_CON. Tuy vao PID_ON,ban co the s dung
LOAD_PID trong ie u khien tay oi v i cac tho ng so PI hoac PID e tao ra
cac thong so cua bo ieu khien
Chu y:
Cac thong so cua bo ieu khien ch c ghi tr lai vao bo ie u khien vi
UNDO_PAR hoac LOAD_PID khi o li cua bo ieu khien khac 0.
LOAD_PID copy cac thong so neu o l i GAIN <> 0 (cac thong so cua mot
trong hai bo PI va PID )
D_F, PFAC_SP co the c set e n gia tr mac nh bang cach ieu chnh.
Nhng gia tr nay sau o co the c xac nh bi ngi ieu chnh.
LOAD_PID khong thay oi cac thong so nay.
Vi LOAD_PID vung ieu khie n luon c tnh toan lai.
Trang 63

(CON_ZONE = 250/GAIN) ngay khi CONZ_ON = FALSE c set.

Qua trnh chay (Tuning) cua FB 58 "TCONT_CP"
Gii thieu
Vi viec ie u khie n viec chay t ie u chnh cua "TCONT_CP", bo ieu
khien PI/PID cap nhat t ong cac thong so cua bo ie u khien. Co hai
phng thc chay Tuning:
- Chay t ieu chnh ban g s tien gan ti iem hoat ong vi s thay o i
tng bc cua iem at.
- Chay t ieu chnh iem hoat ong bang viec at mot bit bat au.
Ca hai cach tren, qua trnh x l c kch thch bi co the la chon
bien gan thay oi. Sau khi ch ra iem uon, cac thong so bo ieu khien
co gia tr va bo ieu khie n c khi hoat ong t ong va tie p tuc
ieu khien vi nhng thong so nay.
Ban co the ieu khie n viec chay ie u chnh bang vie. H M du ng cac
c Cs
t TP
thuathiet ke.
thong so c thie t lap tren giao dien chngytrnh
K
am
Cac bc tien hanh:
H S u ph
D
- Start -> Simatic Managerr->
T uongProject -> Block -> DB58 -> Option ->

Curve Recorder quyen
Ban
Hnh 5.11. Man hnh cap nhat o th
- Thiet lap cac thong so vao sau khi vao Curve Recorder nhap vao
Setting
( cai at thong so )
Trang 64

Hnh 5.12. Man hnh cai at thong so

- Sau khi cai at thong so xong ta vao Data Block -> Open Oline ->
Option Controller Tuning
Ket qua
Cac thong so ieu khien c cap nhat trong qua trnh FB58
"TCONT_CP" chay t ieu chnh.
Nhan to e lam giam thong so tac ong P la PFAC_SP = 0.8
- o li cua bo ieu khien GAIN
- Thi gian bo tch phan: TI
- Thi gian bo vi phan : TD
- Nhan to bo vi phan: D_F = 5.0 M
TP . HC
- Vung ieu khien Control zone on/off: CONZ_ON uat
K y th
- o rong vung Control zone: CON_ZONE
ham
p
H Su
ruo ng D
T
qu yen
Ban
Hnh 5.13. o th ket qua cua qua trnh cap nhat thong so
V du ve lam giam ap ng ieu khien vi PFAC_SP

Thong so qua trnh:
GAIN = 6
T1 = 50s
T2 = 5s
Thong so bo ieu khien:
Trang 65

GAIN = 6
TI = 19.6s
Ban g 5.2: Chu thch ket qua cua o th
Thi He so Chu thch o vot lo

gian SP
th
8:18 1.0 C cau P khong co s hoi tiep 32%
8:19 0.8 C cau P co s hoi tiep 20%, s 2%
ap ng ie u khien ieu kien
tot nhat
8:20 0.0 C cau P hoi tiep hoan toan, s -
M
chan ong giam manh. TP . HC
at hu
yt
5.2.2 Cac thong so cua FB58 ph am K
H Su
ruo ng D
T
A THON G IN/OUT
qu yen KIEU VUNG GT MO TA
CH SO Ban D GT AU
LIEU
0.0 PV_IN INPUT REAL Tuy 0.0 PROCESS VARIABLE
cam IN.
bien s Gia tr khi tao co the
dung at au vaoprocess
variable on hoac t
bien qua trnh c
bieu dien di dang so
thc dau phay ong
4.0 PV_PER INPUT INT 0 PROCESS VARIABLE
PERIPHERY
Bien qua trnh c noi
vi CPU thong qua
cong vao tng t.
6.0 DISV INPUT REAL 0.0 DISTURBANCE
VARIABLE
oi vi ieu khien
thuan bien nhieu se
Trang 66

c no i ngo vao
disturbance variable
10.0 INT_HPO INPUT BOOL FALS INTEGRAL ACTION
S E HOLD IN POSITIVE
DIRECTION .
Ngo ra cua c cau I co
the c ch ra trong
mot pham vi trc tie p.
e at c ieu nay,
ngovao INT_HPOS
phai c set en gia
tr TRUE . Trong tng
t ie u khie n,
INT_HPOS cua bo ieu
P . HCM
T n au tien c ket
huat
khie
K y t
pham
noi e n ngo
H S u
ng D
QLMN_HLM cua bo
r u o
T
yen
ieu khien th 2
n qu
10.1 INT_HNE B a
INPUT BOOL FALS INTEGRAL ACTION
G E HOLD IN NEGATIVE
DIRECTION.
Ngo ra cua c cau I co
the c ch ra trong
mot hng phu nh.
e at c ieu nay
,ngo vao INT_HPOS
phai c set en gia
tr TRUE . Trong tng
t ie u khie n,
INT_HPOS cua bo ieu
khien au tien c ket
noi e n ngo
QLMN_LLM cua bo
ieu khien th 2
12.0 SELECT INPUT INT 0EN 0 SELECTION OF CALL
3 PID AND PULSE
GENERATOR.
Trang 67

Neu may phat sung

c kch hoa t, co mot
vai cac h e goi thuat
toan PID va bo phat
sung.
SELECT =0: Bo ieu
khien se c go i trong
mot chu k nhanh mc
o gian oan, thuat toa
PID va bo phat sung se
c x l.
SELECT =1:Bo ieu
khoi OB1 va ch thuat
P . HCM
T n PID c x l.
huat
toa
K y t
pham
SELECT = 2: bo ieu
H S u
ng D
r u o
T mot chu k nhanh mc
qu yen
Ban o gian oan va ch bo
phat sung c x l.
SELECT =3: Bo ieu
mot chu k cham mc
o gian oan va ch
thuat toan PID c x
l.
14.0 PV OUTPU REAL Tuy 0.0 PROCESS VARIABLE
T cam Tn hieu qua trnh c
bien s xuat qua con g ra
dung process variable
18.0 LMN OUTPU REAL 0.0 MANIPULATED
T VARIABLE
Gia tr ra c thiet lap
bang tay tho ng qua
cong ra manipulated
variable
22.0 LMN_PER OUTPU INT 0 MANIPULATED
Trang 68

T VARIABLE
PERIPHERY.
Gia tr au ra thiet lap
bang tay theo kie u bieu
dien phu hp vi cac
cong vao/ra tng t
c chon qua ngo
ramanipulated variable
periphery
24.0 QPULSE OUTPU BOOL FALS OUTPUT PULSE
T E SIGNAL.
Khi co gia tr xung
c kch hoat th se co
tn hieuMra tai ngo ra
HC
u a t TP.
QPULSE
h
24.1 QLMN OUTPU BOOL a m Ky t HIGH
FALS LIMIT OF
S u ph
H
HLM T
r u o ng D E MANIPULATED
n T VARIABLE
a n quye
B REACHED.
Cong ra hight limit of
manipulated variable
reached thong bao gia
tr cua bien qua trnh
vt qua gia tr gii
han
24.2 QLMN_LL OUTPU BOOL FALS LOW LIMIT OF
M T E MANIPULATED
VARIABLE
REACHED
Cong ra low limit of
manipulated variable
reached thong bao
gia t cua bien qua trnh
nho hn gia tr gi i han
24.3 QC_ACT OUTPU BOOL TRUE NEXT CYCLE, THE
T CONTINUOUS
CONTROLLER IS
Trang 69

WORKING.
Thong so nay se c
ch ro khi co hay khong
trang thai ieu khien
tiep theo se c thi
hanh tai lan goi tiep
theo (ch thch hp khi
SELECT co gia tr 1
hoac 0)
26.0 CYCLE INPUT/ REAL 0.001 0.1s SAMPLE TIME OF
OUTPU s CONTINUOUS
T CONTROLLER[s].
Tai ay se set thi gian
mau oiMv i thuat toan
HC
u a t TP. Bo ieu chnh
PID.
h
a m Ky t trong pha th nhat va
h
D H Su p a vao CYCLE. Thi
r u o ng
T
yen
gian lay mau la khoang
n qu
B a thi gian khong oi
gia cac lan kho i c
cap nhat.
30.0 CYCLE_P INPUT/ REAL 0.001 0.02s SAMPLE TIME OF
OUTPU s PULSE
T GENERATOR[s].
Tai ngo vao nay, ban
a vao thi gian mau
oi v i may phat xung.
FB 58 TCONT_CP
tnh toan th i gian mau
trong pha th nhat va
a no vao trong
CYCLE_P.
34.0 SP_INT INPUT/ REAL vung 0.0 INTERNAL
OUTPU gia tr SETPOINT
T cua gia au vao internal
tr x l setpoint c s dung
e thiet lap tn hieu chu
Trang 70

ao.
38.0 MAN INPUT/ REAL 0.0 MANUAL VALUE.
OUTPU Cong vao manual
T value c s dung e
at gia tr bang cac
ham giao dien
42.0 COM_RST INPUT/ BOOL FALS COMPLETE
OUTPU E RESTART
T Khoi co chc nang khi
tao lai he thong hoan
toan khi au vao
complete restart c
thie t lap gia tr logic
TRUE M
. HC
42.1 MAN_ON INPUT/ BOOL t TP
TRUEhuaMANUAL
OUTPU a m Ky t OPERATION ON.
h
T DH Su p Khi au vao manual
T r uong
n operation on co gia tr
a n quye
B logic TRUE mach vong
ieu khien se b ngat,
cac gia tr se c thiet
lap bang tay.
90.0 PVPER_O INPUT BOOL FALS PROCES VARIABLE
N E PERIPHERY ON
Neu ban muon gia tr
x l c oc thong
qua thie t b I/O, ngo
vao PV_PER phai c
ket noi en I/O va gia
tr x l ngoai vi phai
c set len (TRUE).
186.5 LOAD_PI INPUT/ BOOL FALS LOAD OPTIMIZED
D OUTPU E PI/PID PARAMETERS
T
186.6 PID_ON INPUT/ BOOL FALS PID MODE ON
OUTPU E PID controller:
T PID_ON = TRUE
Trang 71

PI controller:
PID _ON = FALSE
5.3 HAM FC105, FC106

e thuat l i trong qua trnh x ly cac tn hieu tng t phan mem Step 7 co san
ham th vien FC105,FC106
5.3.1 Ham FC105_nh t le ga tr ngo vao Analog
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
Su pham
H
ngaDham FC105
Hnh 5.14. Cac cau lenh ocu
ru
T
qu yen
an
B
- V du: Mc ay trong bon c o bang lt .Bo
chuyen oi o c chon 500 lt th tng ng
vi mot gia tr o la 10V.
- T le: Module Analog chuyen oi gia tr analog
10V thanh so nguye n 27 648. Gia tr nay bay
gi a c chuyen oi thanh ai lng vat l lt.
Qua trnh nay ng i ta goi la nh t le gia tr
Analog.
- Chng trnh:Viec nh t le gia tr analog c
thc hie trong khoi chuan FC 105. Khoi FC 105 nam trong th vien
Standard Librarytrong chng trnh S7TI-S7 Converting Block cua
phan mem Step 7.
- IN : Gia tr Analog tai ngo vao IN co the c oc trc tiep t module
hoac
oc qua ngo giao tiep d lieu trong dang INTEGR
- LO_LIM,HI_LIM: Cac gii han chuyen oi cac ai lng vat l se c
at
trc cac ngo vao LO_LIM (gii han di) va HI_LIM (gii han
tren). Trong th du tren th gii han chuyen oi t 0 en 500 lt.
Trang 72

- OUT: Gia tr t le (ai lng vat l) th c lu tr nh la mot so thc tai

ngo
ra OUT.
Hang so K1, K2 se c set da tren gia tr ngo vao la BIPPOLAR hay

UNBIPPOLAR
- BIPPOLAR: Ngo vao BIPPOLAR xac nh lieu gia tr am co c
chuyen oi
hay khong.
BIPPOLAR: Gia tr ngo vao la so nguye n c tha nhan gia -27648
va +27648,do o K1 la -27648, K2 la +27648.
UNBIPPOLAR: Gia tr ngo vao la so nguye n c tha nhan gia 0
va +27648,do o K1 la0, K2 la +27648.
Trong v du tren, bit nh 0.0 co tn hieu 0 va v the bao hie uMgia tr ngo
TP . HC
vao la mot cc. uat
K y th
- RET_VAL: Ngo ra RET_VAL co gia tr p0hne amu s hoat ong khong co s
H S u
D
uong
co.
T r
o nl n hn K2 , ngo ra OUT c kiem soat bi
quye
Neu gia tr tai ngo va
HI_LIM va loi xua a n
B t hien, neu gia tr tai ngo vao nho hn K1 , ngo ra OUT
c kiem soat bi LO_LIM va loi xuat hien. Luc nay ENO se c set
gia tr 0, va RET_VALse co gia tr W#16#0008.
5.3.2 Ham FC106_Khon g chia t le so thc cho ngo ra Analog
Hnh 5.15. Cac cau lenh cua ham FC106
Trang 73

V du: Chng trnh tnh toan gia tr Analog

trong
pham vi t 0 en 100.0%. Gia tr nay c
chuyen ti ngo ra nh mot module ngo ra
Analog.
- Khong chia t le: Kho i chuan FC106 c s
dung
cho viec khong chia t le (s bien o i cua mot
so thc t 0 en 100.0% thanh mot so nguyen
16 bits t 0 en 27648)
- OUT:Gia tr Analog khong chia t le tai ngo ra out co the c tryen i
di
dang mot so nguyen 16 bits en ngo giao tie p d lie u hoac trc tiep en
ngoai vi. M
TP . HC
huat
Chng trnh: Khoi FC106 nam trong th vien Standard Library trong chng
y t
trnh S7 TI-S7 Converting Block cua phan memaStep7. mKph
H Su
o ng D
5.4 V du ng dung ieu khieen Truc nc trong bon
n m
y
n qnug :
5.4.1 Nguyen Ly hoaBtao
Nc c bm t bnh cha 1 le n bnh 2 ban g bm ly tam ,bm ly tam
hoat ong theo hai che o co the ieu khien bang tay hoac ieu khien t PLC
bang num chuyen hai che o AUTO va MAN, bm hoat ong hieu ien the
xoay chieu 220-240 VAC ,cong suat la 30 W, lu lng nc khoang 20
lt/phut, no c tac o ng bi 2 rle(250 VAC/5A). Don g nc qua bm chia
lam 2 phan, 1 lng se qua van solenoid va 1 lng c hoi ve be 1 e bao
am an toan cho bm khi van solenoid ong lai. Van solenoid cung co the c
ieu khien bang tay hoac bang PLC dun g e o ng m tc thi do ng nc len
bon cha 1 khi ieu khien. Ap suat hoat o ng t 0-10 bar, cap dong 24 VDC,
dong co the c cap t rle hoac trc tiep t PLC.
Dong tiep tuc qua bo phan hie n th lu lng dong c kh dung e ieu chnh
lu lng sao cho v a phai on nh gi a 2 luon g nc phan nhan h t bm. Khi qua bo
chuyen o i lu l ng bo pha n nay se hie n th gia tr lu l ng dong chay chnh xa c
va truyen thon g so na y ve cho PLC x ly d i dang dong ien t 0/4 20 mA tuy
theo gia tr ln nho cu a lu lng n c.
PLC nhan 2 ngo vao analog la bo chuyen oi lu lng va cam bien, tuy thuo c vao
chng trnh phan mem ieu khien c viet san ma PLC se ieu khie n proportional
Trang 74

vale( vale ieu khien ty le ) e on g m gop m cu a van . Do o lu lng nc se

c ieu khie n 1 ca ch ty le vi dong ma PLC xuat ra t ngo ra AO.
V 2 (0% -100 % )
Va n tuye n tn h
S ta rt /
4-20mA
S top
L IS 1
I0.1
I0.0
B on 2
PS CPU DI DO AO AI
P Q W 2 88 P IW 2 7 2
1-100cm
Q0.2
V4 B O O M C Q0.1
V an xa
BO
4-20mA
O
L N G
M
P. HC
V1
uat T
O N /O F F
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
B o n 1
Ban
B M V3
O N /O F F
Hnh 5.16. S o kho i ieu khien mc n c.
5.4.2 S o khoi cua he thon g t ong
ess N
SP + PID
Fuzzy + +
Bon nc 2 PV
(FB58)
control
-
Cam bien
Cam
o mbie
cn
Hnh 5.17. S o kho i cua he thong t ong
Trang 75

PID control: c ieu khien thong qua cu c PLC

Bo n nc 2: la o i t ng ieu khien
Cam bien o : cam bie n o mc n c d a va o ap lc e len be ma t t 0 0.1 bar e
a ra dong va ap tng ng t 4-20mA
Tn hie u nhie u ess do tac ong cu a van xa
Trong o : SP : la gia tr t nhap vao ( c nhap vao t ben ngoai ).
PV : la gia tr hien tai co trong bo n n c (gia tr c oc t vung nh vao analog)
Ta lay gia tr hien tai PV so vi gia tr a vao SP ta c ess = SP-PV
S o ie u khien
FC105 FB58
FB 30 FC106
Vun g Tn hieu
AI So thc So thc A0
nh ra
IN
A/D PIW PQW D/A
4-20 mA
M
P. HC
5.4.3. Khai Bao Thong So Phan C ng: uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH4S
Slot 1 Slot 2 va slot 3
T ruo Slot Slot 5 Slot 6
Nguon 230VAC CPU 315
q u yen 8DI/D0 x 24V/ AI 2x 12 bit A0 2x 12 bit
- 24VDC Ban
(S7-300) 0.5A (4-20 mA) (4-20 mA)
PS 307 5A CPU 315- 2DP 6ES7 323 - 6ES7 331- 6ES7 332 -
6ES7 307 - 6ES7 315 - 1BH00-0AA0 7KB02-0AB0 5HB01-0AB0
1EA00-0AA0 2AF03-0AB0-
V1.2
Hnh 5.18. Khai bao phan cng cho tram PLC
Trang 76

Ban g a ch vao ra
a Ch Ten thiet b
I0.0 S1 Nut Start/Stop
I0.1 LIS1 Cam bien phat hien ngn g tren
Q0.0 en bao tran g thai Start/ Stop
Q0.1 Van V3 va Bm
Q0.2 Van V1
AI 0 LIS1 Cam bien o mc 420mA
AI 1 FIS1 Cam bien o lu lng 420mA
AO 0 V2 Van tuyen tnh
Phan mem ieu khien

M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
Truo
qu yen
Ban
OB1:
Network 1
A "Start/Stop push button"
FN M 0.0
S "Start/Stop push lamp"
S "Pump_Valve3"
Trang 77

Network 2
A "Level_Switch"
= "V1"
Network3
// Lay gia tri hien thoi cua level
CALL "SCALE"
IN :=MW10
HI_LIM :=1.000000e+002
LO_LIM :=0.000000e+000
BIPOLAR:=FALSE
M
P. HC
RET_VAL:=MW12
uat T
y th
OUT :="Curr_Level"
K
pham
D H Su
L "Curr_Level"
T r uong

T "db58".PV_IN quyen
an B
// Lay SP cua PID Controller
L "Level_SP"
T "db58".SP_INT
CALL "TCONT_CP" , "db58"

PV_IN :=
PV_PER :=
DISV :=
INT_HPOS:=
INT_HNEG:=
SELECT :=1
PV :=
LMN :=
LMN_PER :=
QPULSE :=
QLMN_HLM:=
Trang 78

QLMN_LLM:=
QC_ACT :=
CYCLE :=
CYCLE_P :=
SP_INT :=
MAN :=
COM_RST :=
MAN_ON :=
L "db58".LMN_PER
T "Proportional_Valve"
M
P. HC
uat T
y th
// Lay % do mo vua Van V2
K
u pham
n g DH S
ruo
L "db58".LMN
T
T "Op_Per_V2" qu yen
Ban
Network 4
A "db58".PID_ON
S M 0.2
S "db58".LOAD_PID
Network 5
A "Start/Stop push lamp"

A "Start/Stop push button"
FN M 0.1
R "Start/Stop push lamp"
R "Pump_Valve3"
OB100:
Network1:
Trang 79

SET
R "db58".MAN_ON
R "db58".PVPER_ON
DB58:
M
P. HC
uat T
K y th
u pham
n g DH S
T ruo
qu yen
Ban
Trang 80

Giao Trinh PLC Siemen s7 300

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Giao Trinh PLC Siemen s7 300

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BO GIAO DUC VA AO TAO

TRNG AI HOC S PHAM KY THUAT TP.HCM

GIAO TRNH PLC S7-300

TP.HCM, THANG 12 NAM 2006

Chng 2 Ngon ng lap trnh STL M 16

Chng 3 Ngon ng Graph va n g dung 32

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

4.2 cach tao mot chng trnh ng dung vi Step 7 44

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

CHNG 1: GII THIEU

Cong vao/ra Bus cu a PLC

Quan ly ket noi

Hnh1.1. Cau truc be n trong cua mot PLC

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

ay la loa i module co cha bo vi x ly, he ieu hanh, bo nh, ca c bo thi

Hnh1.2. S o khoi va s o a u day cua module nguo n

1 en ch th nguon 24Vdc 5 ON/OFF Switch 24Vdc

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

2) SM (Signal Module): Module m ron g vao/ra, bao gom :

Hnh 1.5.S o a u day cu a module Hnh 1.6. S o au day cu a module

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

Hnh 1.7. S o a u day cu a module Hnh 1.8. S o au day cu a module

1 So th t cac ngo vao so trong

Hnh 1.9. S o a u day cu a module

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

Hnh 1.10. S o au day cu a module Hnh 1.11. S o au day cu a module

Hnh 1.12. S o au day cu a module Hnh 1.13. S o au day cua module

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

e) AO (Analog Output): module m rong cong ra tng t. Chung la nh ng

f) AI/AO (Analog Input/Analog Output): module m ro ng vao /ra tng t.

Hnh 1.15. S o au day cu a module

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

ca c cong vao/ra tng t khong co bo em va nh vay moi lenh truy nhap

Process input image (I) I 0.0 127.7

Bit memory (M) M 0.0 255.7

Timer (T) T0 T255

Counter (C) C0 C255

Data block (DB) DBX 0.0 65535.7

Data block (DI) DIX 0.0 65535.7

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

Khoi d lie u instance DIB 0 65535

Local block (L) L 0.0 65535.7

Peripheral input (PI) PIB 0 65535

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

Hnh 1.16. Vong que t CPU

Nh vay gi a vie c o c d lieu t oi tng e x ly, tnh toa n vaCM

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

1.4. Ca u tru c chng trnh.

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Khoi FB (Function Block): la khoi FC at bie t co kha nang trao o i mot

ieu OB1 ...

Hnh 1.18. Lap trnh co cau tru c

1.4.3 Ca c khoi OB a c biet .

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4) OB40 (Hardware Interrupt): Chng trnh trong kho i OB40 se c th c

Thu vien DH SPKT TP. HCM - http://www.thuvienspkt.edu.vn

Ngon ng lap trnh LAD (Ladder Logic). a y la dan g ngon ng o

Hnh 1.19. STL la ngo n ng manh nhat

Ladder Diagram LAD Stamentl list STL Function Block