Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
H. W. Nelson
INTRODUCTION
Q u a l i t y Considerations
F a c t o r s a f f e c t i n q S i z i n q o f Coke
The f i r s t s t e p i s t o b o r e a p i l o t h o l e . During t h i s o p e r a t i o n
t h e f i n e c u t t i n g s a r e h e l d i n t h e upper s e c t i o n of t h e drum u n t i l t h e
h o l e i s completely through t h e bottom. A t t h i s t i m e , a l l o f t h e
c e n t e r c u t t i n g s f a l l o u t o f t h e drum t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e water used i n
cutting.
Once t h e p i l o t h o l e i s e n l a r g e d t h e s t e m i s r a i s e d t o t h e
l e v e l o f t h e coke i n t h e drum. The o p e r a t o r can t e l l by t h e sound
of t h e water h i t t i n g t h e metal w a l l s when t h e t o p i s reached. A t
t h i s t i m e t h e stem i s lowered 3 - 4 f e e t b e l o w the. t o p . I t i s h e l d
i n t h i s p o s i t i o n f o r s e v e r a l minutes u n t i l the coke i s undercut.
Then t h e stem is r a i s e d and lowered r a p i d l y w i t h i n t h i s s e c t i o n u n t i l
t h e coke i s a l l c u t from t h i s l a y e r . T h i s a c t i o n causes t h e coke to
c o l l a p s e from t h e d r u m w a l l s r e s u l t i n g i n l a r g e p i e c e s which fal.1
through t h e p i l o t h o l e . This o p e r a t i o n i s r e p e a t e d u n t i l t h e drum
is completely empty. I n g e n e r a l , t h e decoking o p e r a t i o n r e q u i r e s
about 3 t o 4 h o u r s depending on t h e hardness o f t h e coke. The h a r d e r
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t h e coke t h e more t i m e r e q u i r e d .
c e r t a i n wind c o n d i t i o n s .
Magnetic s e p a r a t o r s a r e used a t t h e c a l c i n i n g p l a n t s .
These w i l l remove s c r a p i r o n from g r e e n coke, b u t w i l l n o t remove
i r o n r u s t , s i n c e t h e l a t t e r i s non-magnetic. During c a l c i n i n g any
i r o n o x i d e ( r u s t ) w i l l be reduced t o i r o n which can be removed from
t h e c a l c i n e d petroleum coke w i t h magnets.
I n summarizing t h e information j u s t p r e s e n t e d , we f i n d
t h a t a r e a s o n a b l e amount o f c a r e should be e x e r c i s e d a t each s t e p
o f handling petroleum coke. I t i s recongnized t h a t some o f t h e
p h y s i c a l p r o p e r t i e s ( s i z i n g ) o f a c a l c i n e d coke can b e destroyed
i f t h e c u t t i n g o p e r a t i o n i s n o t c a r r i e d o u t properly. . A l s o s o u r c e s
o f contamination should be avoided i n o r d e r t o keep the i r o n and
s i l i c o n c o n t e n t w i t h i n r e q u i r e d l i m i t s . Where a carbon a g g r e g a t e
w i t h low s i l i c o n o r low i r o n is r e q u i r e d a s e l e c t i o n c a n be made
from a given shipment i f t h e m a t e r i a l is d e l i v e r e d i n r a i l c a r s .
. .
References
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TYPICAL ULTIMATE ANALYSIS OF
GREEN PETROLEUM COKE AND CALCINED PETROLEUM COKE
Green Calcined
Petroleum Coke Petroleum Coke
(Polymerized Residual) (Pure Carbon)
TABLE II
TABLE 111
EFFECT OF SCREENING
ON SILICON CONTENT OF
CALCINED PETROLEUM COKE
SIZE % SILICON