Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
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1 Etymology
2 History
2.1 Middle Ages
2.2 17th and 18th centuries
2.3 19th century
2.4 20th century
2.5 Interwar period and World War II
2.6 Contemporary era
3 Politics
3.1 Since 2006
3.2 Foreign relations
3.3 Military
3.4 Administrative divisions
4 Geography
4.1 Climate
5 Economy
5.1 Infrastructure
6 Demographics
6.1 Largest cities
6.2 Language
6.3 Ethnic groups
6.4 Religion
6.5 Education
7 Culture
7.1 Music
7.2 Art and architecture
7.3 Cinema and theatre
7.4 Science and philosophy
7.5 Literature
7.6 Food and beverages
7.7 Sports
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Etymology[edit]
Main article: Name of Austria
First appearance of the word "Ostarrchi", circled in red. Modern Austria honours this document, dated
996, as the founding of the nation.
The German name for Austria, sterreich, meant "eastern realm" in Old High German, and
is cognate with the word Ostarrchi, which first appears in the "Ostarrchi document" of
996.[20]This word is probably a translation of Medieval Latin Marchia orientalis into a local
(Bavarian) dialect. Austria was a prefecture of Bavaria created in 976. The word "Austria"
is a Latinisation of the German name and was first recorded in the 12th century. At the
time, the Danube basin of Austria (Upper and Lower Austria) was the easternmost extent
of Bavaria, and in fact of all the Germans, as at the time the territory of the former East
Germany was populated by Slavic Sorbs and Polabians.
Friedrich Heer, a 20th-century Austrian historian, stated in his book Der Kampf um die
sterreichische Identitt (The Struggle Over Austrian Identity),[21] that the Germanic
form Ostarrchi was not a translation of the Latin word, but both resulted from a much
older term originating in the Celtic languages of ancient Austria: more than 2,500 years
ago, the major part of the actual country was called Norig by the Celtic population
(Hallstatt culture); according to Heer, no- or nor- meant "east" or "easterns", whereas -
rig is related to the modern German Reich, meaning "realm". Accordingly, Norig would
essentially mean the same as Ostarrchi and sterreich, thus Austria. The Celtic name was
eventually Latinised to Noricum after the Romans conquered the area that encloses most
of modern-day Austria, around 15 BC. Noricumlater became a Roman province in the mid-
first century AD.[22] Heer's hypothesis is not accepted by linguists.
History[edit]