Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Department of Physics

Physics 8.01L

SAMPLE EXAM 3 SOLUTIONS December 4, 2005

Problem 1
GMm 4GMm G(2M)m 8GMm
a)Flef t = (D/2) 2 = D2 , Fright = (D/2)2 = D2

FT OT = Fright Flef t = 8GMm

D2 4GMm

D2
FT OT = 4GMm
D2 , to the right.

b) Mechanical energy is conserved.

P EI + KEI = P EF + KEF GMm 3R +0= GMm
R + 12 mv 2
1 2 GM 2GM 2 4GM
2 v = GM
+ = v =
3R R 3R 3R
v = 4GM3R

2

c) For a circular orbit at distance 3R: m 3vR = GMm
(3R)2 v = GM
3R
Wrocket = E, P E = 0, because always at the same distance.
Wrocket = KEF KEI = 12 mvF2 21 mvI2 = 12 m GM 1 GM GMm 1 1

3R 2 m 4R = R 6 8)
GMm
Wrocket = + 24R

d) Force = 0 inside shell P E = constant

KE = constant.
4GM
Answer is the same as for part (b), v = 3R .

Problem 2
a) Mechanical energy is conserved.
1 1 1
d 2 2
2 2
2 kd + 0 =2 mv + 2 k 2 , mv 2 = k(d2 d2 ) = 34 kd2

3k
v= 4m d, v = 0.87m/s

k
b)X = Acos(t), A = 0.2 m, = m = 5 rad
sec
, 0.1 = 0.2cos(5t), cos(5t) = 0.5
2 2

5t = 3 , t= 15 = 0.42s.

c) v = Asin(t), T = 2 3 6
4 T = 4 = 2
3
3
t = 2 , sin(t) = 1, v = A(1) = A.
v = 1.0 m/s, to the right.
In the rst 41 T , the block moves from xmax to x = 0. In the second 14 T , it moves from x = 0 to xmax .
In the third 41 T , it moves from xmax to x = 0 .
So at 43 T , the block is at x = 0, and its moving back towards initial position.

Problem 3
a) Conserve momentum:

MA (25)(cos(40 )) + MB (30)(cos(25 )) = MA (15) + MB (vx )

2MB (25)(cos(40 )) + MB (30)(cos(25 )) = 2MB (15) + MB (vx ) vx = 35.5m/s

py 2MB (25)(sin(40 )) + MB (30)(sin(25)) = 2MB (0) + MB (vy )

vy = 19.5m/s. vB = 40.5m/s @28.8 below x axis.

1
b) KEI = 12 MA vAI
2
+ 21 MB vBI
2
= 12 (2MB )(25)2 + 21 MB (30)2 = 1075MB
KEF = 2 MA vAF + 2 MB vBF = 12 (2MB )(15)2 + 21 MB (40.5)2 = 1045MB
1 2 1 2

KE is lost

Problem 4

GMm mv 2 GM
a) For a circular orbit r2 = r v= r

r = 2 105 m v = 113m/s 37m/s is too slow

b) KEI = 12 mvI2 P EI = GMm

r1 , KEF = 0 P EF = GMm
r2
vI2
GM
r2 = GM
r1 + 12 vI2 , 1 1 1
r2 = r1 2GM , r2 = 4.73 106 , r2 = 2.11 105 m
height = 1.1 104 m

Problem 5
i)

ii) c) The forces are equal. Newtons 3rd Law: Action/Reaction.

iii) c) At an angle not equal to 0 or 180 .

P1 = 8, P2 = 6, Pf = (2 + 3)(2) = 10, 3-4-5 right triangle.

P1 + P2 = Pf .

Problem 6
a) pT OT = 14, pInitial = (10)(3) (4)(4) = 30 16 = 14, pF inal = (10)vA + 24
14 = 24 + 10vA , vA = 1 m/s = 1 m/s to the left

b) KEI = 12 (10)(9) + 12 (4)(16) = 45 + 32 = 77

KEF = 12 (10)(1) + 12 (4)(36) = 5 + 72 = 77
KEI = KEF , collision is elastic.

c) F = p
t , p = pf pi = (4)(6) (4)(4) = 24 + 16 = 40
40
F = 3 = 40, 000 N = 40, 000 N to the right
10

2
Problem 7
a) KEI = 0, P EI = 12 kS 2 , W ork = 0
KEF = 0, P EF = M g(4S) , 21 kS 2 = M g(4S)
8M g
k = 2Mg(4S)
S2 , k=
S
b)Use unstretched point as origin, and up = +.
kyeq M g = 0, yeq = Mgk = Mg
8M g ,
S

S
yeq =
8
c) y = Acos(t + ), vy =0 at t
= 0, so = 0.
vy = Asin(t + ). = M = 8g
k
S
S 7S
A=S 8 = 8

Problem 8

1 2 K
M v1 = 2M v2 , v1 = 2v2 , 2 (2M )v2 = K, v2 = M
KET OT = 21 M v12 + 1 2 1 2
2 (2M )v2 = 2 M (4v2 ) + 1 2
2 (2M )v2
K
= 3M v22 = 3M ( M )
KET OT = 3K

Problem 9
a) V ( M M V
4 ) = M v ( 4 )( 3 )
V
Mv = (M 4
4 ) 3 V, v=
3
MV 2 1 Mv 2 5
b) KEI = 12 ( M 2 1 2 1 M V 2 1 V 2
4 )(V ) = 8 M V , KEF = 2 ( 4 )( 3 ) + 2 M ( 3 ) = 9 (8 + 12 ) = 9 (8)
2
KEF = MV 5
8 ( 9 ) 6= KEI , Not elastic

p M V3 0 MV
c) F = t = t = , to the left.
3t
d) Same magnitude, opposite direction. Newtons 3rd law. Action/Reaction.

Problem 10
V
a)( M 5
4 V ) = ( 4 M )v, v=
5

1 2 1 5 V 2 V 5M
b) Amplitude: 2 kA = 2 ( 4 M )( 5 ) , A=
5 4k

k 4k
Angular frequency: = 5M
=
4
5M

X = Asin(t)

3
Problem 11

1 GmME
a) E = mv02
2 RE
GmME GME m GME
b) 12 mv 2 2RE = 12 mv02 RE . v 2 = v02
RE

GME
c) v = 0 , if v0,min =
RE

mv 2 GmME GME
d) 2RE = (2RE )2 , v=
2RE

Problem 12

k 2k k
A)lef t = m, right = 2m = m
Same same period same time to x = 0.
G(5M )m G(M )(m)
B) i) Let right be positive direction: FT OT = 0 =
(D d)2 d2
Two forces can cancel. Could also write (D d)2 = 5d2
(Not required: d = 0.31D)
G(5M)m GMm
B) ii)P ET OT = (Dd) d , D > d so both terms are negative, so it can NEVER be zero .

Problem 13
3GM m
Rocket A: EI = RE ,
GMm
EF = GMm
4RE , WA = E = GMm
4RE ( GMm
RE ) = = WA
4RE
GMm mv 2 GM 1 GMm 1 GMm
Rocket B: EI = GMm
RE , (2RE )2 = 2RE , v2 = 2RE , KEF = 2 2RE = 4 RE

1 GMm GMm 3GM m

P EF = 2RE ,
GMm
EF = 4 RE 2RE = GMm
4RE . WB = E = Same as A .
4RE

Problem 14

k 1 2 1 2 m
a) C = = , B = V0 . 2 kA = 2 mV0 A= V0
m k
b) At T /2, block returns to x = 0, so VAV G = 0 at t = T /2
m k
V0 sin( T
) 2
m 3V0 2
c) VAV G = k
T /3
m 3
. But T = = 2 k , so: VAV G = sin( )
2 3
(Not required: VAV G = 0.4V0 )